SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Extended search

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Sjörs Anna) "

Search: WFRF:(Sjörs Anna)

  • Result 1-50 of 54
Sort/group result
   
EnumerationReferenceCoverFind
1.
  • Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al. (author)
  • Lessons learned from setting up a demonstration site with autonomous shuttle operation – based on experience from three cities in Europe
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Urban Mobility. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0917. ; 2
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The interest in operating autonomous vehicles is growing and several demonstration sites using automated shuttles have been established all over the world. Major work is involved in setting up an automated shuttle operation that involves more than identifying the relevant site, including adhering to current regulations and obtaining approval, as well as a considerable amount of preparation and commissioning required at the site. The shuttle must pass relevant national vehicle regulations, and the operation site has to undergo a site assessment. This paper is based on lessons learned achieved from setting up automated shuttle operations in three different areas in Europe: Brussel (Belgium), Linköping (Sweden) and Turin (Italy). The focus is on the practical aspects of operation. Through the experience we have gained of setting up demonstration sites at three locations in Europe, we have identified the need to summarise the lessons learned from preparing AV shuttle operation sites in order to facilitate the implementation of other operation sites. Hence, this paper aims to consolidate lessons learned during preparation and implementation of automated shuttle operations in near urban environments and to identify the path toward future implementation The three sites operate different brands and number of shuttles, different types of infrastructure and varying local conditions. The focus here was on generic lessons learned and not to understand differences between brands and operators. It is clear that further development of the AV shuttles is vital to ensure that they operate smoothly in complex traffic situations considering lane and road width, shared spaces, snow, dust, rain, leaves, birds, etc. Adapting the road infrastructure to enable the shuttles to run in the autonomous mode should be avoided, instead the shuttle development should prioritise fitting into the existing traffic environment and eco system. Mitigation areas have been identified covering: road infrastructure, weather dependant operation, season dependent operation, improvement of localisation, digital infrastructure, design and working conditions, and citizens’ user experience.
  •  
2.
  • Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al. (author)
  • Challenges in Fatigue Research and enforcement
  • 2023. - 1
  • In: The Handbook of Fatigue Management in Transportation. - Boca Raton : CRC Press. - 9781003213154
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This chapter describes challenges faced in fatigue research and in fatigue evaluation for various purposes including crash statistics and enforcement and for selection of appropriate countermeasures. The challenges are related to both the causes and the consequences of fatigue. Differences between sleep-related and task-related fatigue are discussed in relation to countermeasures for fatigue. The chapter also describes how individual characteristics including age, chronotype, and personality influence the development of fatigue and add to the complexity of choosing appropriate fatigue countermeasures. Difficulties in measuring and providing proof that an individual is fatigued are discussed in relation to law enforcement.
  •  
3.
  • Anund, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Challenges in Fatigue Research and Enforcement
  • 2023
  • In: The Handbook of Fatigue Management in Transportation: Waking Up to the Challenge. - 9781000904079 ; , s. 41-52
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This chapter describes challenges faced in fatigue research and in fatigue evaluation for various purposes including crash statistics and enforcement and for selection of appropriate countermeasures. The challenges are related to both the causes and the consequences of fatigue. Differences between sleep-related and task-related fatigue are discussed in relation to countermeasures for fatigue. The chapter also describes how individual characteristics including age, chronotype, and personality influence the development of fatigue and add to the complexity of choosing appropriate fatigue countermeasures. Difficulties in measuring and providing proof that an individual is fatigued are discussed in relation to law enforcement.
  •  
4.
  • Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al. (author)
  • Seat belt usage in buses : An observation study of usage and travellers’ perspectives
  • 2022
  • In: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 94-95
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Travelling by bus is one of the safest modes of transport. However, crashes still happen and studies have found that the most severe crashes are related to rollovers, mainly on rural roads. The most severe injuries occur when unbuckled passengers are thrown out through the windows or get stuck under the bus. In Sweden the use of a seat belt and information about seat belt use when traveling by bus is regulated in Traffic Ordinance (1998: 1276) Chapter 4 §10a. In short, all bus passengers three years or older should be seated in a place with a seat belt, if there is such a place, and should use the belt. If there is no seat belt available, it is allowed to stand in the bus (if the bus is approved for standing places). The legal responsibility to inform and make sure passengers under 15 use the belt are on the bus driver. Despite existing regulations there is no clear view on the usage rate of seat belt in buses, or on the travellers’ view of their own usage and the reasons to not buckle up. This study aims to evaluate seat belt usage in buses and to understand travellers’ incentives of seatbelt usage.
  •  
5.
  • Anund, Anna, 1964-, et al. (author)
  • Seat belt usage in buses : An observation study of usage and travellers' perspectives
  • 2023
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 190
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study aims to evaluate seat belt usage in buses and to understand travellers' incentives of seat belt usage. Methods used are observational studies (10 cities, with 328 bus observations), focus group discussion (7 groups with a total of 32 participants) and a web survey (n = 1737 respondents). The results show that the seat belt use among bus passengers can be improved especially in regional and commercial bus traffic. It is more common to buckle up on long trips than on short trips. However, even though observations show high usage during long trips, travellers report that they remove the seat belt after a while if they want to sleep or for comfort reasons. For the bus drivers it is not possible to control passengers' usage. Dirty seat belts and technical malfunction might deter some passengers from using them and therefore systematic cleaning and control of seats and belts are recommended. On short trips one reason for not using the belt is related to worries about getting stuck and not being ready to get off in time. In general, it is most important to increase the usage on high-speed roads (>60 km/ h), in lower speed it might be more important to provide a seat for each passenger. Based on the results a list of recommendations is presented.
  •  
6.
  • Dahlman, Anna Sjörs, et al. (author)
  • D6.1: Evaluation framework, plans and material. Deliverable of the Horizon-2020 PANACEA project, Grant Agreement No. 953426
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This deliverable presents the evaluation framework, plans and material for all data collections of the PANACEA project. It describes the objectives of the studies and how they will be realised. The purpose of the PANACEA evaluation framework is to create a common framework to be used in all studies to make sure the data are collected in a way that makes it possible to consolidate the results at the end and to provide what is needed for impact analysis (WP7). This version of the deliverable has its focus on setting the framework and the work process. An update of this deliverable will be done in M22 (D6.2: ‘Evaluation framework, plans and material - an update’). The key content of D6.1 is structured as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction to the deliverable, specifying its purpose, the intended audience, and interrelations with other project activities. Chapter 2 introduces the project objectives related to the WP6 data collections. Chapter 3 provides a brief overview of each Use Case and Chapter 4 presents the various studies within the project including descriptions of the main actors, environment, vehicles, PANACEA sensors/technologies, and countermeasures. Chapter 5 describes the process of developing the evaluation framework for the project and presents the PANACEA evaluation framework. Chapters 6-18 then follow the steps defined in the evaluation framework. Chapters 6-11 describe the planning phase and present the Use Case Scenarios, Research Questions, Key Performance Indicators, study designs, data gathering tools, and data analysis plan. Chapters 12-14 describe the implementation phase, including pilot site preparations, data collection, and data delivery. Chapters 15-18 describe the data analysis phase and includes chapters about data analysis, results reporting, results consolidation, and impact assessment. Lastly, Chapter 19 provides the conclusions of the deliverable. The deliverable presents both a horizontal perspective of the pilot sites as well as more detailed descriptions of what will be included in the different studies. The general data gathering tools (objective and subjective) are identified and will be further refined in the update of the deliverable. A set of guidelines on practicalities and ethical aspects to take into consideration before and during data collection are presented. The update of the deliverable, planned for M22, will include the detailed evaluation protocols, with ready-made templates for pilot sites, questionnaires to use, performance criteria, indicators, log files to use, crucial timelines, etc. In addition, the final pilot and experimental plans will be defined and described per pilot site and type of evaluation activity.
  •  
7.
  • Dahlman, Anna Sjörs, et al. (author)
  • D6.2: Evaluation framework, plans and material - an update. Deliverable of the Horizon-2020 PANACEA project, Grant Agreement No. 953426
  • 2023
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This deliverable presents the evaluation framework, plans and material for all data collections connected to work package 6 (WP6) of the PANACEA project. It describes the objectives of the studies and how they will be realised. The purpose of the PANACEA evaluation framework is to create a common framework to be used in all studies to make sure the data are collected in a way that makes it possible to consolidate the results at the end and to provide what is needed for impact analysis (WP7). The first version of the deliverable (D6.1: ‘Evaluation framework, plans and material´) had its focus on setting the framework and the work process. In this updated version, the focus is on the evaluation protocols for all studies, including templates for the pilot sites, questionnaires to use, key performance indicators (KPI), log files to use, crucial timelines, etc. The experimental plans are described per pilot site and type of evaluation activity. The key content of D6.2 is structured as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction to the deliverable, specifying its purpose, the intended audience, and interrelations with other project activities. Chapter 2 introduces the project objectives related to the WP6 data collections. Chapter 3 provides a brief overview of each Use Case and Chapter 4 presents the various studies within the project including descriptions of the main actors, environment, vehicles, PANACEA sensors/technologies, and countermeasures. Chapter 5 describes the PANACEA evaluation framework. Chapters 6-15 then describe the steps defined in the evaluation framework. Chapters 6-11 include the planning phase and present the Use Case Scenarios, Research Questions, Key Performance Indicators, study designs, data gathering tools, and data analysis plan. Chapters 12-13 describe the implementation phase, including pilot site preparations, and data collection. Chapters 13-15 describe the data analysis phase and includes chapters about data delivery, data analysis, results reporting, results consolidation, and impact assessment. Lastly, Chapter 16 provides the conclusions of the deliverable. The deliverable presents both a horizontal perspective of the pilot sites as well as more detailed descriptions of what will be included in the different studies. The main text of the deliverable provides an overview of all studies and evaluations within PANACEA. Research questions and KPIs are defined for each study (Appendix III). The general data gathering tools (objective and subjective) are identified. The questionnaires used for the evaluations are included in Appendix IV. A set of guidelines on practicalities and ethical aspects to take into consideration before and during data collection are presented. Experimental plans for all WP6 data collections are included as appendices to the deliverable (Appendix II).
  •  
8.
  • Grandsart, Delphine, et al. (author)
  • Citizen and Stakeholder Engagement in the Development and Deployment of Automated Mobility Services : as Exemplified in the SHOW Project
  • 2023
  • In: Smart Energy for Smart Transport. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 468-481
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The H2020-funded SHOW project (SHared automation Operating models for Worldwide adoption) supports the deployment of connected, cooperative and automated mobility (CCAM) through real-life pilot demonstrations taking place in 20 cities across Europe. While CCAM has the potential to bring great benefits to citizens and society, user acceptance is a crucial challenge to address. In this paper, we explore the importance of citizen and stakeholder engagement in the development of new mobility services, and how such aspects have been integrated and applied in SHOW. User acceptance surveys are being conducted at different stages in the project. In addition, dedicated citizen and stakeholder engagement activities are organized, including Ideathons and Hackathons. By engaging both citizens as potential end-users and stakeholders in the development process, we aim to ensure that SHOW services meet their needs and requirements and to increase the positive impacts on society.
  •  
9.
  • Lennartsson, Anna Karin, et al. (author)
  • Low heart rate variability in patients with clinical burnout
  • 2016
  • In: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8760. ; 110, s. 171-178
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Several studies have shown that acute psychosocial stress and chronic psychosocial stress reduce heart rate variability (HRV). It is likely that individuals suffering from burnout have reduced HRV, as a consequence of the long-term stress exposure. This study investigated HRV in 54 patients with clinical burnout (40 women and 14 men) and in 55 individuals reporting low burnout scores (healthy; 24 women and 31 men) and 52 individuals reporting high burnout scores (non-clinical burnout; 33 women and 19 men). The participants underwent a 300 s ECG recording in the supine position. Standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive normal interval differences (RMSSD) were derived from time domain HRV analysis. Frequency domain HRV measures; total power (TP), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), and LF/HF ratio were calculated. All HRV measures, except LF/HF ratio, were lower in the clinical burnout patients compared to both the non-clinical burnout group and the healthy group. The difference was larger between the patients and the healthy group than between the patients and the non-clinical burnout group. HRV did not differ significantly between the non-clinical burnout group and the healthy group. Low HRV in burnout patients may constitute one of the links to associated adverse health, since low HRV reflects low parasympathetic activity – and accordingly low anabolic/regenerative activity.
  •  
10.
  • Miller, Karl A., et al. (author)
  • Exploring sleepiness and stress among London bus drivers : An on-road observational study
  • 2024
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 207:November
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Bus driver sleepiness is commonplace but often goes unreported within the industry. Whilst past research has begun to shed a light on the prevalence, potential causes, and consequences of bus driver sleepiness, this is often done using self-report methods. This is the first study to investigate sleepiness amongst city bus drivers on-road using a live bus route with drivers’ regular schedules. A total of 16 participants completed two drives of their regular bus route once during an early morning shift and once during a daytime shift whilst physiological and self-report measures of sleep and stress were taken. Prior to these drives, drivers recorded their sleep in a diary and wore an actigraph to obtain objective sleep measures. Results showed that most drivers did not obtain sufficient sleep prior to early morning shifts, and often did not obtain as much sleep as they would need in order to feel rested before work. Sleepiness and stress were observed in both shifts. During early morning shifts sleepiness was likely a result of working during circadian lows and not obtaining enough sleep prior to the shift. In contrast, sleepiness during the daytime shift was likely a result of completing a highly demanding task in complex traffic which not only contributed to fatigue, but also led to increased levels of stress. As well as demonstrating the prevalence of sleepiness amongst bus drivers, these findings show that the causes of sleepiness can be multifaceted and often come about due to a combination of work and personal factors. In addition, the experience of sleepiness is not the same for all drivers, with individual differences in the experience of sleepiness playing a large role. These differences highlight the need for individualised interventions which should be considered by policymakers alongside the combination of causal factors within a larger systems approach.
  •  
11.
  • Mirnig, Alexander G., et al. (author)
  • External communication of automated shuttles: Results, experiences, and lessons learned from three European long-term research projects
  • 2022
  • In: Frontiers Robotics AI. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-9144. ; 9
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Automated shuttles are already seeing deployment in many places across the world and have the potential to transform public mobility to be safer and more accessible. During the current transition phase from fully manual vehicles toward higher degrees of automation and resulting mixed traffic, there is a heightened need for additional communication or external indicators to comprehend automated vehicle actions for other road users. In this work, we present and discuss the results from seven studies (three preparatory and four main studies) conducted in three European countries aimed at investigating and providing a variety of such external communication solutions to facilitate the exchange of information between automated shuttles and other motorized and non-motorized road users.
  •  
12.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Bussförares arbetsmiljö under coronapandemin : fysiska och sociala barriärer
  • 2024
  • In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 120-121
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Kollektivtrafik är en central funktion i samhället och dess verksamhet behöver prioriteras även i kristider, som under Coronapandemin. Bussförare var tvungna att fortsätta arbeta trots risken att smittas på jobbet. Kollektivtrafiken fortsatte att vara i drift i Sverige under pandemin och olika smittskyddsåtgärder infördes som påverkade bussförarnas arbetsmiljö. Syftet med denna studie var att samla information från bussförare om deras arbetsmiljö och upplevelser under pandemin. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med webbenkäter och genom intervjuer med bussförare under våren 2021 samt en uppföljande enkätundersökning under hösten 2022. Fullständiga svar på enkäterna erhölls från 358 bussförare år 2021 och 669 förare år 2022. Femton förare som lämnat intresseanmälan via den första enkäten intervjuades via videosamtal.Bussförarna rapporterade att flera olika typer av smittskyddsåtgärder hade införts på deras arbetsplatser. Information till anställda om hur smittspridningen kunde minskas samt stängda framdörrar på bussarna var de två vanligaste åtgärderna. Dessa rapporterades av över 90% av bussförarna. Blockerade sittplatser på bussen och information till passagerarna var också vanligt förekommande, följt av personlig skyddsutrustning för bussförarna, plexiglas eller andra barriärer samt minskat antal passagerare. Stängda framdörrar ansågs bidra till en säkrare arbetsmiljö men ledde även till en förändrad yrkesroll med större fokus på att köra buss och mindre social interaktion. Positiva aspekter var mindre hot och stök, och det var lättare att köra enligt tidtabell när föraren inte behövde hantera biljettförsäljning, kontrollera biljetter eller svara på frågor. Negativa aspekter var förlorad kontakt med passagerarna och en känsla av maktlöshet när passagerare reste utan biljett. På många bussar fanns biljettautomater endast vid framdörren på bussen, vilket gjorde det omöjligt att validera biljetter när framdörren stängdes. Plexiglasbarriärer som sattes upp mellan föraren och passagerarna upplevdes av somliga som farliga på grund av risken för dålig sikt, medan andra önskade att de hade installerats mycket tidigare för att möjliggöra validering av biljetter. Smittskyddsåtgärderna upplevdes som mer effektiva för bussförarna än för passagerarna och en majoritet ansåg att smittskyddsåtgärderna infördes för sent. Resultaten från studien kan hjälpa oss att bli bättre förberedda för framtida kriser. 
  •  
13.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Coronapandemins konsekvenser för bussförare i lokal och regional kollektivtrafik : resultat under pågående pandemi
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Kollektivtrafik är en central funktion i samhället med hög prioritet när det gäller att upprätthålla verksamhet i kristider. Alla aktörer i kollektivtrafiken har som mål att säkra kollektivtrafikens drift, men vad händer när en pandemi som covid-19 uppstår? I detta projekt kommer konsekvenserna för arbetslivet inom kollektivtrafiken att belysas ur flera perspektiv. Det handlar om att samla erfarenheter från förarnas arbetsmiljö och deras upplevelser i samband med pandemin, om att belysa andra aktörers perspektiv på hur förarnas arbetsmiljö har påverkats, vilka bedömningar och avvägningar man gjort för att minska risken att förare blir smittade, men även för att generellt minska smittspridningen bland passagerare. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur arbetslivet, arbetsmiljön och hälsan hos bussförare har och kommer att påverkas av pandemin. Datainsamlingen genomförs i två omgångar där den första omgången skedde under hösten 2020 och våren 2021 och den andra omgången är tänkt att ske efter att pandemin är över. Denna rapport presenterar resultat från den första datainsamlingen och fokuserar således på att beskriva hur situationen såg ut under pågående pandemi. Datainsamlingen gjordes med webbenkäter och genom intervjuer med bussförare, trafikföretag och regionala kollektivtrafikmyndig[1]heter (RKM). Dessutom genomfördes blodprovstagning och antikroppstest för att avgöra om förare varit smittade av SARS-CoV-2 virus. Resultaten visade att en hög andel av bussförarna hade smittats av covid-19 (självrapporterat och undersökt med antikroppstest). En rad smittskyddsåtgärder hade införts i kollektivtrafiken och stängd framdörr på bussarna var den vanligaste åtgärden. Bussförarna upplevde både positiva och negativa förändringar av arbetsmiljön under pandemin. Stängda framdörrar bidrog till en tryggare miljö men medförde också en förändrad yrkesroll med större fokus på köruppgiften och mindre social interaktion. Smittskyddsåtgärderna upplevdes som mer effektiva för bussförarna än för resenärerna men bussförarna uppgav också att smittorisken inte främst fanns i bussen utan också på depåer och i rastlokaler. Förarna skattade sin hälsa och arbetsmiljö som relativt dålig men det går inte att avgöra om det var en konsekvens av pandemin. Bussförare, bussföretag och RKM lyfte alla fram att beredskap, samordning av åtgärder och kunskapsöverföring är något att tänka på inför framtiden. Både RKM och bussbolag uttryckte en oro för minskat kollektivt resande även efter pandemin. Ersättningsmodeller som bygger på resandevolymer visade sig vara problematiska i kristider när antalet resenärer snabbt minskade. Resultaten kommer att följas upp med en datainsamling under hösten 2022.
  •  
14.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue
  • 2022
  • In: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 70-71
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 20% of all crashes. Prevention of fatigue related crashes is a major goal for the automotive industry. To reach this goal, both robust detection and effective countermeasures are required. The most effective countermeasure for sleepiness is sleep. Studies also show an increased alertness using caffein intake. Despite this, the most common countermeasure used is to stop to take a walk, turn on the radio/stereo or open a window. Countermeasures for fatigue may be a larger challenge than detection, since the most effective countermeasure, such as taking a nap, are highly intrusive in the sense that you need to make an unplanned stop (or shift drivers if there is more than one person in the car). Finding less intrusive, yet effective, countermeasures that could be deployed without requiring major replanning would thus provide a significant benefit to car makers who wish to deploy this type of technology in their vehicles.In the current study, the possibility of exposing drivers to odors when they are about to fall asleep has been explored. Previous research has found that specific fragrances can have alerting effects and that certain substances that act on trigeminal nerves can wake people from both light and deeper sleep. Therefore, the aim was to investigate if administration of a fragrance incorporating trigeminal components during fatigued driving can have a significant alerting effect.
  •  
15.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • In-vehicle fragrance administration as a countermeasure for driver fatigue
  • 2024
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 195
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Driver fatigue is a contributing factor in about 10–30% of all fatal crashes. Prevention of fatigue-related crashes relies on robust detection of driver fatigue and application of effective countermeasures. A potential countermeasure is fragrance administration since odors can have alerting effects on humans. The aim here was to investigate if a fragrance incorporating trigeminal components could be used as an in-vehicle countermeasure for driver fatigue.The fragrance was tested in a driving simulator with 21 healthy but sleep-deprived participants. Each participant performed a monotonous driving task twice, once with active fragrance containing a trigeminal component and once with olfactory fragrance, in a cross-over single-blind design. The order of trigeminal/olfactory fragrance was randomized and blinded to the participants. Both fragrances (trigeminal/olfactory) were administered either when the participant fell asleep (defined as eye closure > 3 s) or after approximately 45 min if the participant did not fall asleep.Self-reported sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 5 min during driving. Variability in speed and lateral position and line crossing frequency were logged for each drive to measure driving performance. Heart rate measurements (ECG) and eye blinks (EOG) were collected to investigate potential arousing effects of the fragrance and to track objective signs of sleepiness.
  •  
16.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among public transport workers in Sweden
  • 2022
  • In: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 27
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Introduction: Public transportation is an essential societal function in crisis situations like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Bus drivers and other public transport workers are essential workers that need to keep working despite the risk of contagion. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may pose an occupational health risk to public transport workers and especially to bus drivers as they interact with passengers in a confined area. By analyzing antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins in blood samples it is possible to measure if an individual has been infected by COVID-19. Here, we report the prevalence of antibodies among bus drivers and other public transport employees in Stockholm, Sweden and relate it to socio-demographic factors.Methods: Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins was investigated in a sample of 262 non-vaccinated public transport workers (182 men and 40 women) recruited between April 26 and May 7, 2021. Most of the participants were bus drivers (n = 222). The relationship between socio-demographic factors and seroprevalence was investigated with logistic regression.Results: The seroprevalence was 50% in the total sample of public transport workers. Among bus drivers, 51% were seropositive compared to 44% seropositive among the other public transport workers. The difference was not significant. The seroprevalence was higher than the national seroprevalence in Sweden during the same period (18.3% in non-vaccinated people aged 20–64 years). The logistic regression model using Wald forward selection showed that men had a higher risk of being seropositive (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 – 5.8) and there was a higher risk with increasing number of people in the household (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 – 1.6).Conclusions: These findings could imply an occupational risk for COVID-19 infection among public transport workers. Infection control measures are warranted during virus epidemics to assure bus drives’ safety and reduce transmission in public transport.
  •  
17.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Utvärdering av trötthetsvarningssystem i buss
  • 2020
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Tidigare studier har visat att det är vanligt att bussförare i kollektivtrafik får kämpa för att hålla sig vakna flera gånger i månaden. Det finns i dagsläget tekniska system för att detektera trötthet hos förare men hur denna typ av system påverkar och uppfattas av bussförare är inte känt. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera effekten av ett trötthetsvarningssystem i långfärdsbussar. Studien omfattar två delstudier; en enkätstudie och en utvärdering av trötthetsvarningssystemet med bussförare på väg. Enkätstudien visade att de faktorer som upplevs som mest tröttande var att köra på natten, oregelbundna arbets- och sovtider och delade arbetspass/lång tid sedan rast. Det var 29% av förarna som uppgav att de behövde kämpa för att hålla sig vakna när de kör buss 2-4 ggr/ månad eller oftare. Datainsamlingen på väg visade att självskattad sömnighet var något lägre under körningar med trötthetsvarningssystemet aktivt. Trötthetsvarningssystemets loggar av trötthetshändelser samt förarnas rapporter av varningar som tagits emot stämde inte överens med deras upplevda trötthet. Förarna var överlag positiva till trötthetsvarningssystemet men lyfte fram att systemet behöver bli mer tillförlitligt.
  •  
18.
  • Arvidson, E., et al. (author)
  • The effects of exercise training on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and autonomic response to acute stress-a randomized controlled study
  • 2020
  • In: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 21:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BackgroundExercise training is suggested to have a stress-buffering effect on physiological reactions to acute stress. The so-called cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis is one of many theories behind the plausible effects, proposing that the attenuated physiological reaction seen in trained individuals in response to acute exercise is also seen when the individual is exposed to acute psychosocial stress. However, few randomized controlled trials (RCT) are available in this field. Therefore, the aim of the present trial was to study the effects of a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention on the physiological response to acute laboratory stress.MethodsA two-armed RCT including untrained but healthy individuals aged 20-50years was conducted. Assessments included a peak oxygen uptake test and a psychosocial stress test (the Trier Social Stress Test). A total of 88 participants went through both baseline and follow-up measures (48 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group) with a similar proportion of women and men (20 women and 28 men in the intervention group and 18 women and 22 men in the control group). Outcome measures were adrenocorticotrophic hormone, cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate responses to acute psychosocial stress.ResultsOxygen uptake and time-to-exhaustion increased significantly following the intervention, while a decrease was seen in the control group. The analyses showed attenuated responses to acute psychosocial stress for all variables in both groups at follow-up, with no differences between the groups. No correlation was seen between amount of exercise training and reactivity to the stress test. Despite the increased oxygen uptake in the intervention group, no differences were seen between the groups for any of the outcome variables at follow-up.ConclusionsIn this study, the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis could not be confirmed. Both groups showed decreased reactions indicating a habituation to the stress test.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02051127. Registered on 31 January 2014-retrospectively registered.
  •  
19.
  • Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al. (author)
  • Could sound be used as a strategy for reducing symptoms of perceived motion sickness?
  • 2008
  • In: Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-0003. ; 5:35
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Working while exposed to motions, physically and psychologically affects a person. Traditionally, motion sickness symptom reduction has implied use of medication, which can lead to detrimental effects on performance. Non-pharmaceutical strategies, in turn, often require cognitive and perceptual attention. Hence, for people working in high demand environments where it is impossible to reallocate focus of attention, other strategies are called upon. The aim of the study was to investigate possible impact of a mitigation strategy on perceived motion sickness and psychophysiological responses, based on an artificial sound horizon compared with a non-positioned sound source.Method: Twenty-three healthy subjects were seated on a motion platform in an artificial sound horizon or in non-positioned sound, in random order with one week interval between the trials. Perceived motion sickness (Mal), maximum duration of exposure (ST), skin conductance, blood volume pulse, temperature, respiration rate, eye movements and heart rate were measured continuously throughout the trials.Results: Mal scores increased over time in both sound conditions, but the artificial sound horizon, applied as a mitigation strategy for perceived motion sickness, showed no significant effect on Mal scores or ST. The number of fixations increased with time in the non-positioned sound condition. Moreover, fixation time was longer in the nonpositioned sound condition compared with sound horizon, indicating that the subjects used more time to fixate and, hence, assumingly made fewer saccades.Conclusion: A subliminally presented artificial sound horizon did not significantly affect perceived motion sickness, psychophysiological variables or the time the subjects endured the motion sickness triggering stimuli. The number of fixations and fixation times increased over time in the non-positioned sound condition.
  •  
20.
  • Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al. (author)
  • Effects of Motion Sickness on Encoding and Retrieval
  • 2010
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Background: The impact of motion sickness on human performance has been studied with regards to psychomotor functions and over learned skills, as well as to novel situations requiring encoding and retrieval skills through the use of short term memory. In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Method: Forty healthy participants, half of them males, performed a continuous recognition task (CRT) during exposure to a motion sickness triggering optokinetic drum. The CRT was employed as a measurement of performance and consisted of encoding and retrieval of words. The task consisted of three consecutive phases 1) encoding of familiar words; 2) encoding and retrieval of words under the influence of motion sickness; 3) retrieval of words after exposure. Results: Data analysis revealed no significant differences in the ability to encode or retrieve words during motion sickness compared with a control condition. In addition, there were no significant correlations between the level of motion sickness and performance of the CRT. Conclusion: The results indicate that encoding and retrieval of words are not affected by moderate levels of motion sickness. Application: This research has implications for operational settings where professionals experience moderate levels of motion sickness.
  •  
21.
  •  
22.
  • Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al. (author)
  • Performance and Autonomic Responses during Motion Sickness
  • 2009
  • In: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7208 .- 1547-8181. ; 51:1, s. 56-66
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how motion sickness, triggered by an optokinetic drum, affects short term memory performance and to explore autonomic responses to perceived motion sickness. Background: Previous research has found motion sickness to decrease performance, but it is not known how short term memory in particular is affected. Method: Thirty-eight healthy participants performed a listening span test while seated in a rotating optokinetic drum. Measurements of motion sickness, performance, heart rate, skin conductance, blood volume pulse, and pupil size were performed simultaneously throughout the experiment. Results: A total of 16 participants terminated the trial due to severe nausea, while the other 22 endured the full 25 minutes. Perceived motion sickness increased over time in both groups, but less among those who endured the trial. Short term memory performance decreased towards the end for those who terminated, while it increased for the other group. Results from the measured autonomic responses were ambiguous. Conclusion: The present study concludes that performance, measured as short term memory, declines as perceived motion sickness progresses. Application: This research has potential implications for command and control personnel in risk of developing motion sickness.
  •  
23.
  •  
24.
  • Donlau, Marie, et al. (author)
  • Children and youth with myelomeningoceles independence in managing clean intermittent catheterization in familiar settings
  • 2011
  • In: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:3, s. 429-438
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: To examine the ability of children and youth with myelomeningocele to independently manage clean intermittent catheterization. Methods: There were 50 participants with myelomeningocele (5-18 years); 13 of them had also participated in a previous hospital-based study. Their abilities and interest in completing the toilet activity were examined at home or in school using an interview and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Actual performance was observed and rated. Background variables were collected from medical records and KatAD+E tests. Results: In total, 48% were observed to perform the toilet activity independently, in comparison with 74% who self-reported independence. Univariate analyses found KatAD+E could predict who was independent. COPM failed to do so. Ability to remain focused and ambulation were predictors of independence, but age, sex and IQ were not. Multivariable analysis found time to completion to be the strongest predictor of independence. Four children were independent in their familiar environment, but not in the hospital setting, and six of 13 children maintained focus only in their familiar environment. Conclusions: Interviews were not sufficiently accurate to assess independence in the toilet activity. Instead, observations including time to completion are recommended. The execution of the toilet activity is influenced by the environmental context.
  •  
25.
  •  
26.
  • Forsman, Fredrik, et al. (author)
  • Eye tracking during high speed naviation at sea : Field trial in search of navigational gaze behaviour
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Transportation Technologies. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2160-0473 .- 2160-0481. ; 2, s. 277-283
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: Professional high speed sea navigational procedures are based on turn points, courses, dangers and steering cues in the environment. Since navigational aids have become less expensive and due to the fact that electronic sea charts can be integrated with both radar and transponder information, it may be assumed that traditional navigation by using paper based charts and radar will play a less significant role in the future, especially among less experienced navigators. Possible navigational differences between experienced and non-experienced boat drivers is thus of interest with regards to their use of navigational aids. It may be assumed that less experienced navigators rely too much on the information given by the electronic sea chart, despite the fact that it is based on GPS information that can be questioned, especially in littoral waters close to land.Method: This eye tracking study investigates gaze behaviour from 16 experi- enced and novice boat drivers during high speed navigation at sea.Results: The results show that the novice drivers look at objects that are close to themselves, like instrumentation, while the experienced look more at objects far away from the boat. This is in accordance with previous research on car drivers. Further, novice boat drivers used the elec-tronic navigational aids to a larger extent than the experienced, especially during high speed conditions. The experienced drivers focused much of their attention on objects outside the boat.Conclusions: The findings verify that novice boat drivers tend to rely on electronic navigational aids. Experienced drivers presumably use the navigational aids to verify what they have observed in the surrounding environment and further use the paper based sea chart to a larger extent than the novice drivers.
  •  
27.
  • Ghafouri, Bijar, et al. (author)
  • Interstitial concentration of serotonin is increased in myalgic human trapezius muscle during rest, repetitive work and mental stress - an in vivo microdialysis study
  • 2010
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Taylor and Francis. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 70:7, s. 478-486
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: The pathophysiology of trapezius myalgia is not fully elucidated. Serotonin (5-HT) is involved in modulation of nociception and hyperalgesia. Our aim was to compare the interstitial 5-HT levels of the trapezius muscle in women with chronic trapezius myalgia and in pain-free controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microdialysate of the trapezius muscle collected every 20 minutes during rest, work (100 min) and stress (20 min) was used to study the dynamics of 5-HT in women with chronic trapezius myalgia (MYA; n=18) and in pain-free controls (CON; n=30). RESULTS: MYA had higher levels of 5-HT than CON at baseline, during repetitive work, during mental stress and during recovery. There were no significant time effects on 5-HT levels. CONCLUSION: 5-HT has the potential of a biomarker of chronic myalgia. Elevated levels of 5-HT may be involved in maintenance of habitual chronic pain and might contribute to increased pain during exercise by facilitating the effect of released algesic substances linked to such muscle demands.
  •  
28.
  • Hadrévi, Jenny, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Comparative metabolomics of muscle interstitium fluid in human trapezius myalgia: an in vivo microdialysis study
  • 2013
  • In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 113:12, s. 2977-2989
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The mechanisms behind trapezius myalgia are unclear. Many hypotheses have been presented suggesting an altered metabolism in the muscle. Here, muscle microdialysate from healthy and myalgic muscle is analysed using metabolomics. Metabolomics analyse a vast number of metabolites, enabling a comprehensive explorative screening of the cellular processes in the muscle. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMicrodialysate samples were obtained from the shoulder muscle of healthy and myalgic subjects that performed a work and stress test. Samples from the baseline period and from the recovery period were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) together with multivariate analysis to detect differences in extracellular content of metabolites between groups. Systematic differences in metabolites between groups were identified using multivariate analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). A complementary Mann-Whitney U test of group difference in individual metabolites was also performed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA large number of metabolites were detected and identified in this screening study. At baseline, no systematic differences between groups were observed according to the OPLS-DA. However, two metabolites, l-leucine and pyroglutamic acid, were significantly more abundant in the myalgic muscle compared to the healthy muscle. In the recovery period, systematic difference in metabolites between the groups was observed according to the OPLS-DA. The groups differed in amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates. Myristic acid and putrescine were significantly more abundant and beta-d-glucopyranose was significantly less abundant in the myalgic muscle. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThis study provides important information regarding the metabolite content, thereby presenting new clues regarding the pathophysiology of the myalgic muscle.
  •  
29.
  • Hadrévi, Jenny, 1977-, et al. (author)
  • Plasma metabolomic patterns in patients with exhaustion disorder
  • 2019
  • In: Stress. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1025-3890 .- 1607-8888. ; 22:1, s. 17-26
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Exhaustion disorder (ED) is a stress-related disorder that often implies a great burden on the individual patient as well as on society. Previous studies have shown that ED is associated with metabolic deviations, such as lowered fasting glucose. Several mechanisms have been discussed as a plausible explanation of the lack of energy described by these patients. Metabolic processes and reduced ability to mobilize energy have been suggested as important factors. This study investigated metabolomics in 20 patients diagnosed with ED and compared them with 21 healthy controls. Plasma metabolic profiles were examined in both fasting and nonfasting (postprandial) conditions. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for metabolite content using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A total of 62 different metabolites were simultaneously detected in each of the samples. Multivariate models indicated systematic differences between patients with ED and healthy controls in both their fasting and nonfasting plasma metabolite levels. Lysine and octadecenoic acid were more abundant and glutamine, glycine, serine and gluconic acid were less abundant in the patients across both conditions. In the present study, we comprehensively and simultaneously screen for changes in a large number of metabolites. Our results show a difference in systemic metabolites between patients with exhaustion disorder and healthy controls both in the fasting and in the postprandial states. Here, we present new potential biomarkers mirroring exhaustion disorder metabolism.
  •  
30.
  • Lemming, Dag, 1962-, et al. (author)
  • Cuff Pressure Pain Detection Is Associated with Both Sex and Physical Activity Level in Nonathletic Healthy Subjects
  • 2017
  • In: Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1526-2375 .- 1526-4637. ; 18:8, s. 1573-1581
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate pressure pain sensitivity on leg and arm in 98 healthy persons (50 women) using cuff algometry. Furthermore, associations with sex and physical activity level were investigated.Method. Normal physical activity level was defined as Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) score ≤ 45 and high activity level as GLTEQ > 45. A pneumatic double-chamber cuff was placed around the arm or leg where a single chamber was inflated. The cuff inflation rate (1 kPa/s) was constant, and pain intensity was registered continuously on a 10 cm electronic visual analogue scale (VAS). The pain detection threshold (PDT) was defined as when the pressure was perceived as painful, and pain tolerance (PTT) was when the subject terminated the cuff inflation. For PTT, the corresponding VAS score was recorded (VAS-PTT). The protocol was repeated with two chambers inflated.Result. Only single cuff results are given. For women compared with men, the PDT was lower when assessed in the arm (P = 0.002), PTTs were lower in the arm and leg (P < 0.001), and the VAS-PTT was higher in the arm and leg (P < 0.033). Highly active participants compared with less active had higher PDT (P = 0.027) in the leg. Women showed facilitated spatial summation (P < 0.014) in the arm and leg and a steeper VAS slope (i.e., the slope of the VAS pressure curve between PDT and PPT) in the arm and leg (P < 0.003).Conclusion. This study indicates that reduced pressure pain sensitivity is associated both with male sex and physical activity level.
  •  
31.
  • Lemming, Dag, et al. (author)
  • Single-point but not tonic cuff pressure pain sensitivity is associated with level of physical fitness : a study of non-athletic healthy subjects
  • 2015
  • In: PLOS ONE. - Linköping : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Exercise is often used for pain rehabilitation but the link between physical activity level and pain sensitivity is still not fully understood. Pressure pain sensitivity to cuff algometry and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were evaluated in highly active men (n=22), normally active men (n=26), highly active women (n=27) and normally active women (n=23) based on the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Cuff pressure pain sensitivity was assessed at the arm and lower leg. The subjects scored the pain intensity on an electronic Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during ten minutes with 25 kPa constant cuff pressure and two minutes with zero pressure. The maximal VAS score and area under the VAS-curve were extracted. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were recorded by manual pressure algometry on the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle before, during and after the tonic arm stimulation.Tonic cuff stimulation of the arm and leg resulted in higher VAS peak scores in women compared with men (p<0.04). In all groups the PPTs were reduced during and after the cuff stimulation compared with baseline (p=0.001). PPT were higher in men compared with women (p=0.03) and higher in highly physical active compared with normal active (p=0.048). Besides the well-known gender difference in pressure pain sensitivity this study demonstrates  that a high physical fitness degree in non-athletic subjects is associated with increased pressure pain thresholds but does not affect cuff pressure pain sensitivity in healthy people.
  •  
32.
  • Lennartsson, Anna-Karin, et al. (author)
  • Burnout and hypocortisolism - a matter of severity? : A study on acth and cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress
  • 2015
  • In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 6:FEB
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Common consequences of long-term psychosocial stress are fatigue and burnout. It has been suggested that burnout could be associated with hypocortisolism, thus, inability to produce sufficient amounts of cortisol. This study aimed to investigate whether patients with clinical burnout exhibit aberrant ACTH and cortisol responses under acute psychosocial stress compared with healthy individuals. Methods: Nineteen patients (9 men and 10 women) and 37 healthy subjects (20 men and 17 women), underwent the Trier Social Stress Test. Blood samples and saliva samples were collected before, after, and during the stress test for measurements of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, and salivary cortisol. Several statistical analyses were conducted to compare the responses between patients and controls. In addition, in order to investigate the possibility that burnout patients with more severe symptoms would respond differently, sub-groups of patients reporting higher and lower burnout scores were compared. Results: In both patients and healthy controls, we observed elevated levels of ACTH and cortisol after exposure to the stressor. There were no differences in responses of ACTH, serum cortisol, or salivary cortisol between patients and controls. Patients reporting higher burnout scores had lower salivary cortisol responses than controls, indicating that patients with more severe burnout symptoms may be suffering from hypocortisolism. In addition, patients with more severe burnout symptoms tended to have smaller ACTH responses than the other patients. However, there was no corresponding difference in serum cortisol. Conclusion: This study indicates that hypocortisolism is not present in a clinical burnout patient group as a whole but may be present in the patients with more severe burnout symptoms. © 2015 Lennartsson, Sjörs, Währborg, Ljung and Jonsdottir.
  •  
33.
  • Lu, Ke, 1991, et al. (author)
  • Detecting driver fatigue using heart rate variability: A systematic review
  • 2022
  • In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 178
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Driver fatigue detection systems have potential to improve road safety by preventing crashes and saving lives. Conventional driver monitoring systems based on driving performance and facial features may be challenged by the application of automated driving systems. This limitation could potentially be overcome by monitoring systems based on physiological measurements. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological marker of interest for detecting driver fatigue that can be measured during real life driving. This systematic review investigates the relationship between HRV measures and driver fatigue, as well as the performance of HRV based fatigue detection systems. With the applied eligibility criteria, 18 articles were identified in this review. Inconsistent results can be found within the studies that investigated differences of HRV measures between alert and fatigued drivers. For studies that developed HRV based fatigue detection systems, the detection performance showed a large variation, where the detection accuracy ranged from 44% to 100%. The inconsistency and variation of the results can be caused by differences in several key aspects in the study designs. Progress in this field is needed to determine the relationship between HRV and different fatigue causal factors and its connection to driver performance. To be deployed, HRV-based fatigue detection systems need to be thoroughly tested in real life conditions with good coverage of relevant driving scenarios and a sufficient number of participants.
  •  
34.
  • Lu, Ke, 1991, et al. (author)
  • Detecting Driver Sleepiness Using Consumer Wearable Devices in Manual and Partial Automated Real-Road Driving
  • 2022
  • In: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - : IEEE. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 23:5, s. 4801 -4810
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Driver sleepiness constitutes a well-known traffic safety risk. With the introduction of automated driving systems, the chance of getting sleepy and even falling asleep at wheel could increase further. Conventional sleepiness detection methods based on driving performance and behavior may not be available under automated driving. Methods based on physiological measurements such as heart rate variability (HRV) becomes a potential solution under automated driving. However, with reduced task load, HRV could potentially be affected by automated driving. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the influence of automated driving on the relation between HRV and sleepiness. Data from real-road driving experiments with 43 participants were used in this study. Each driver finished four trials with manual and partial automated driving under normal and sleep-deprived condition. Heart rate was monitored by consumer wearable chest bands. Subjective sleepiness based on Karolinska sleepiness scale was reported at five min interval as ground truth. Reduced heart rate and increased overall variability were found in association with severe sleepy episodes. A binary classifier based on the AdaBoost method was developed to classify alert and sleepy episodes. The results indicate that partial automated driving has small impact on the relationship between HRV and sleepiness. The classifier using HRV features reached area under curve (AUC) = 0.76 and it was improved to AUC = 0.88 when adding driving time and day/night information. The results show that commercial wearable heart rate monitor has the potential to become a useful tool to assess driver sleepiness under manual and partial automated driving.
  •  
35.
  • Lu, Ke, et al. (author)
  • Heart rate variability as an indicator for driver fatigue, different effects of time of day and time-on-task
  • 2022
  • In: DDI 2022 Gothenburg. - Göteborg : Safer. ; , s. 98-100
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a potential physiological marker for driver fatigue. However, consensus has not been reached for how HRV changes during the development of fatigue, due to inconsistent results in the literature. One potential cause for inconsistent results is that different causal factors were used to introduce fatigue. The aim of this study is to investigate how HRV parameters change during driving in relation to fatigue caused by sleep related and task related factors. Data from a real road experiment, with 89 participants who drove four times over a 180 km route, were used for the analysis. We investigated how time of day and time-on-task factors influence HRV parameters. The result shows that different HRV parameters react differently in relation to time of day and time-on-task factors. The result emphasizes the importance of considering the causal factors when interpreting results from driver fatigue studies and when developing fatigue detectors based on physiological measures.
  •  
36.
  •  
37.
  • Palstam, Annie, 1981, et al. (author)
  • Perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia: Explanatory factors and comparison with healthy women
  • 2014
  • In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46, s. 773-780
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: To investigate perceived exertion at work in women with fibromyalgia. Design: A controlled cross-sectional multi-centre study. Subjects and methods: Seventy-three women with fibromyalgia and 73 healthy women matched by occupation and physical workload were compared in terms of perceived exertion at work (0–14), muscle strength, 6-min walk test, symptoms rated by Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), work status (25–100%), fear avoidance work beliefs (0–42), physical activity at work (7–21) and physical workload (1–5). Spearman’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were conducted. Results: Perceived exertion at work was significantly higher in the fibromyalgia group than in the reference group (p = 0.002), while physical activity at work did not differ between the groups. Physical capacity was lower and symptom severity higher in fibromyalgia compared with references (p < 0.05). In fibromyalgia, perceived exertion at work showed moderate correlation with physical activity at work, physical workload and fear avoidance work beliefs (rs = 0.53– 0.65, p < 0.001) and a fair correlation with anxiety (rs = 0.26, p = 0.027). Regression analysis indicated that the physical activity at work and fear avoidance work beliefs explained 50% of the perceived exertion at work. Conclusion: Women with fibromyalgia perceive an elevated exertion at work, which is associated with physical workrelated factors and factors related to fear and anxiety.
  •  
38.
  • Sjörs, Anna, et al. (author)
  • An increased response to experimental muscle pain is related to psychological status in women with chronic non-traumatic neck-shoulder pain
  • 2011
  • In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 12, s. 230-230
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Neck-shoulder pain conditions, e. g., chronic trapezius myalgia, have been associated with sensory disturbances such as increased sensitivity to experimentally induced pain. This study investigated pain sensitivity in terms of bilateral pressure pain thresholds over the trapezius and tibialis anterior muscles and pain responses after a unilateral hypertonic saline infusion into the right legs tibialis anterior muscle and related those parameters to intensity and area size of the clinical pain and to psychological factors (sleeping problems, depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and fear-avoidance). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Nineteen women with chronic non-traumatic neck-shoulder pain but without simultaneous anatomically widespread clinical pain (NSP) and 30 age-matched pain-free female control subjects (CON) participated in the study. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: NSP had lower pressure pain thresholds over the trapezius and over the tibialis anterior muscles and experienced hypertonic saline-evoked pain in the tibialis anterior muscle to be significantly more intense and locally more widespread than CON. More intense symptoms of anxiety and depression together with a higher disability level were associated with increased pain responses to experimental pain induction and a larger area size of the clinical neck-shoulder pain at its worst. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: These results indicate that central mechanisms e. g., central sensitization and altered descending control, are involved in chronic neck-shoulder pain since sensory hypersensitivity was found in areas distant to the site of clinical pain. Psychological status was found to interact with the perception, intensity, duration and distribution of induced pain (hypertonic saline) together with the spreading of clinical pain. The duration and intensity of pain correlated negatively with pressure pain thresholds.
  •  
39.
  • Sjörs, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Diurnal salivary cortisol in relation to perceived stress at home and at work in healthy men and women
  • 2014
  • In: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 99:1, s. 193-197
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study investigated the association between diurnal salivary cortisol profile and perceived stress at work and at home. Healthy participants (N= 180, 52% women) collected saliva cortisol samples immediately after waking up, 15. min later, 30. min later, and at 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 and 21:00. The area under the cortisol awakening curve with respect to ground (AUCgCAR) and increase (AUCiCAR), and diurnal slope between 9:00 and 21:00 were analyzed. Perceived stress at work and at home was measured with the Stress-Energy Questionnaire.Participants reporting stress at home had significantly lower AUCgCAR and a flatter diurnal slope. When performing separate analyses for men and women, this association was only significant among women. Perceived stress at work was not associated with any cortisol measure.This study highlights the importance of stress outside the workplace. The sex differences may indicate an increased vulnerability to non-work stress in women. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
  •  
40.
  • Sjörs, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval performance and on psychophysiological responses
  • 2010
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Motion sickness has previously been found to deteriorate performance, e.g., regarding psychomotor functions and short term memory. Sustained ability to perform, despite motion sickness, is crucial in complex working environments. This study focuses on effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words through the use of long term memory. In addition, the temporal development of different psychophysiological responses and their relationship with perceived motion sickness were investigated. Forty healthy participants performed an encoding and retrieval task during exposure to an optokinetic drum. The results were compared with data from 20 controls that performed the task without motion sickness exposure. Measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, blood volume pulse, respiration rate, and skin temperature were made throughout optokinetic drum exposure. Data analyses revealed no significant effects of moderate levels of motion sickness on the ability to encode or retrieve words. We found positive relationships between subjective motion sickness ratings and heart rate, blood volume pulse and skin temperature whereas respiration rate was negatively related to perceived motion sickness. The psychophysiological measurements did not show consistent patterns of sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal, as could be expected. Hence, they are not recommended as predictors of motion sickness.
  •  
41.
  • Sjörs, Anna, 1981- (author)
  • I feel terrible! Can you measure that? : Exploring psychophysiological stress responses and their interactions with performance, subjective reports and health status
  • 2010
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Despite recent research advances, there are still several common medical conditions whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In conditions with few or diffuse physical findings, it can be difficult to diagnose and determine the state of the condition and its effects on working ability or performance, and the health care practitioners have to rely on the patient’s self-reports. Identification of objective measurements that are sensitive enough to aid in diagnosis or determination of the state of these conditions would thus be valuable. Psychophysiological measurements are generally non-invasive and have the potential to serve as such diagnostic or prognostic tools. In this thesis, psychophysiological reactions to different stressors were recorded in two selected medical conditions; namely motion sickness and chronic trapezius myalgia (musculoskeletal pain). These subjective conditions are unpleasant, unwanted and apparently serve no survival purpose. It is therefore important to elucidate any physical findings associated with them to, eventually, find new means to prevent the development of these conditions or to ameliorate symptoms.The overall aim of the thesis was to explore the development of psychophysiological responses to stressors in relation to performance and subjective reports in healthy individuals and in women with chronic trapezius myalgia. More in detail, the purpose was to identify psychophysiological responses that could provide information about the mechanisms behind, or serve as candidates for characterization of motion sickness and chronic trapezius myalgia, respectively.Responses to motion sickness, triggered by optokinetic stimulation, were studied in healthy individuals, whereas responses to repetitive low-force work and psychosocial stress were studied in women with chronic trapezius myalgia and in pain-free controls. In both medical conditions, the psychophysiological responses were accompanied by subjective reports. The effects of motion sickness on two different aspects of memory performance were tested during exposure to optokinetic stimulation. In the studies of chronic trapezius myalgia, psychophysiological responses were also related to health status, i.e., being a patient or a pain-free control and measurements of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, sleep-related problems and quality of life.The psychophysiological responses to optokinetic stimulation were inconclusive. Moderate levels of motion sickness did not affect memory performance, whereas decreased short term memory performance was seen in subjects reporting high levels of motion sickness. The autonomic responses and stress hormone secretion in response to low-force repetitive work and psychosocial stress in the chronic trapezius myalgia group were similar to those of the pain-free controls. However, muscle activity in the trapezius muscle was generally higher in the chronic trapezius myalgia group. There were indications of negative psychological states being related to a slower response and lower circadian variations of stress hormone secretion.With the present methods, it was possible to measure general stress responses but none of the measurements showed sufficient specificity to serve as predictors or indicators of motion sickness and chronic musculoskeletal pain, respectively. Summarizing, I cannot objectively measure how you feel; I still have to rely on your description of your condition.
  •  
42.
  • Sjörs, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Increased insulin secretion and decreased glucose concentrations, but not allostatic load, are associated with stress-related exhaustion in a clinical patient population
  • 2013
  • In: Stress-the International Journal on the Biology of Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1025-3890 .- 1607-8888. ; 16:1, s. 24-33
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Allostatic load (AL) has been shown to be a useful marker of physiological strain during chronic stress and burnout in non-clinical working populations. The usability of the AL index for a clinical population with severe stress-related exhaustion was tested in this study. Thirteen biomarkers assembled as an AL index were analysed using blood samples from 90 patients with stress-related exhaustion (43 men and 47 women, age 31-61 years) and 90 healthy controls (46 men and 44 women, age 25-56 years). The AL scores did not differ between patients and controls. For men, some indication of higher cardiovascular risk was seen in the patient group: male patients had higher body mass index and waist-hip ratio and a poorer blood lipid status than male controls. We found lower plasma glucose concentrations in both female and male patients than those in controls. The male patients also showed increased fasting serum insulin concentrations. Further analysis using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and beta-cell function showed indications of insulin resistance in the patient group, particularly in the males, and an increased insulin secretion in both male and female patients. In conclusion, AL index does not seem to capture plausible physiological strain in patients diagnosed with stress-related exhaustion. The finding of lower plasma glucose concentrations, probably due to higher insulin secretion, in patients with severe stress-related exhaustion, needs to be further investigated, including mechanisms and the clinical relevance.
  •  
43.
  • Sjörs, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Long-term follow-up of cortisol awakening response in patients treated for stress-related exhaustion
  • 2012
  • In: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2:4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: Studies on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in stress-related exhaustion Design: HPA axis activity was assessed through the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Salivary cortisol Setting: An outpatient clinic specialising in stress-related illness. Participants: Patients with clinically diagnosed stress-related exhaustion (n = 162) and healthy controls Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary measure was CAR measured as the difference Results: Patients showed similar CAR as the controls and their CAR did not change significantly during Conclusions: The authors conclude that CAR does not seem to discriminate clinically defined patients
  •  
44.
  • Sjörs, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Salivary cortisol response to acute stress and its relation to psychological factors in women with chronic trapezius myalgia-A pilot study
  • 2010
  • In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 35:5, s. 674-685
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This study investigated differences in HPA axis function, measured as salivary cortisol concentrations, between 18 women with chronic trapezius myalgia (MYA) and 30 healthy female controls (CON). In addition, the interactions between HPA axis reactions to psychosocial stress and aspects of pain, health and psychological symptoms were analyzed. Salivary cortisol was measured both in daily life, to assess the circadian profile, and in the laboratory during light repetitive work and standardized psychosocial stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). MYA and CON exhibited similar circadian rhythms and comparable salivary cortisol response magnitudes after TSST. In subjects defined as responders to the TSST, the mean peak time point of the cortisol response after TSST differed significantly between MYA and CON. Furthermore, negative psychological states and higher pain intensity were related to a slower HPA axis response to TSST. Low circadian variations in cortisol and smaller cortisol responses to TSST were found among subjects scoring high on anxiety sensitivity. Thus, a relatively favorable sample of female chronic trapezius myalgia patients exhibited normal circadian rhythm and normal salivary cortisol response magnitudes after a psychosocial stress test. In the subgroup of responders, the MYA group showed indications of a slower salivary cortisol response to psychosocial stress. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possibility of altered HPA axis activity in terms of a slower salivary cortisol response. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
45.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Burnout patients' metabolic responses to acute stress
  • 2019
  • In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 107, s. 24-25
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The aim was to use metabolomics to compare metabolic reactions to acute stress between clinical burnout patients and healthy individuals. Fifteen burnout patients (6 women) and 15 controls (8 women) performed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Plasma samples taken before and directly after the TSST were analyzed for metabolite content using gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Metabolomics data were analyzed using orthogonal partial least squares-effect projections (OPLS-EP).
  •  
46.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Coronapandemins konsekvenser för bussförares arbetssituation i lokal och regional kollektivtrafik : Slutrapport
  • 2024
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Kollektivtrafik är en central funktion i samhället med hög prioritet när det gäller att upprätthålla verksamhet i kristider. Under coronapandemin fortsatte kollektivtrafiken att vara i drift, vilket medförde att bussförare mötte resenärer på nära håll och riskerade att smittas av coronaviruset på arbetet. I detta projekt har konsekvenserna för bussförares arbetssituation inom kollektivtrafiken belysts ur flera perspektiv. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur arbetslivet, arbetsmiljön och hälsan hos bussförare har påverkats av coronapandemin. I studien har vi haft fokus på bussförare, men även de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheternas (RKM) och bussföretagens erfarenheter inkluderades för att få en bred bild av förarnas situation och orsakerna bakom deras upplevelser. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i två omgångar där den första omgången skedde under pågående pandemi, hösten 2020 och våren 2021 och den andra omgången genomfördes efter pandemin, hösten 2022 och våren 2023. Datainsamlingen har skett med webbenkäter och genom intervjuer med bussförare, bussföretag och RKM. Dessutom genomfördes blodprovstagning bland bussförare i Stockholm våren 2021 för att avgöra hur stor andel av förarna som smittats av sars-cov-2 virus. Resultat från datainsamlingen under pandemin har redovisats tidigare i VTI rapport 1151.Den övergripande slutsatsen från projektet är att coronapandemin har haft negativa effekter på bussförarna i form av smittspridning och oro för smitta, parallellt med det faktum att grundläggande arbetsvillkor och arbetsmiljöfrågor har varit problematiska under en längre tid. Studien belyser vikten av att förstå och förbättra bussförarnas arbetsmiljö och hälsa, särskilt i krissituationer. Studien visar att det finns ett behov av att ta itu med utmaningarna inom kollektivtrafiken, inklusive att förbättra arbetsförhållandena för bussförare och att skapa en säkrare och mer hållbar arbetsmiljö för dem. De långsiktiga lösningarna kräver en holistisk syn på arbetsvillkor, ekonomi och rekrytering. Baserat på slutsatserna av denna studie presenteras ett antal rekommendationer till kollektivtrafikens aktörer inför framtida kriser i rapporten.
  •  
47.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of a fragrance system to counter sleepiness at the wheel
  • 2022
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Driver fatigue is a major cause of car accidents, and the prevention of fatigue is a major goal in the automotive industry. To reach the goal of zero traffic-accident fatalities, developing innovative solutions to prevent fatigue is a key objective. Solutions for fatigue countermeasures during driving have not yet reached a satisfactory level for effectiveness and safety. The most effective ones, such as taking a break and napping, are highly intrusive in the sense that they require you to stop the vehicle or shift drivers. In the current study, the possibility of using odors to counter driver fatigue has been explored. In this proof-of-concept study, the aim was to investigate if a fragrance system incorporating trigeminal components can have an alerting effect on sleepy drivers. The goal of the project was to provide enough evidence to determine whether the alerting fragrance is effective enough to justify further development and integration of the product into vehicles. The fragrance was tested on 21 healthy but sleep-deprived individuals while they performed a driving task in a simulator. We investigated whether the fragrance system had a measurable effect on subjective sleepiness, objective signs of fatigue and driving performance and attention.
  •  
48.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, 1981-, et al. (author)
  • Field evaluation of using Polar H10 sensor to measure heart rate variability for driver state monitoring
  • 2022
  • In: Road Safety on Five Continents – RS5C. Proceedings. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 74-76
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Physiological measurements have potential to complement conventional driver monitoring systems based on driving performance and facial features. Heart rate variability (HRV), a physiological marker reflecting changes of the cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, have drawn great interest for assessing drivers’ fatigue, stress, task load, etc. In addition, the popularization of consumer wearable heart rate (HR) monitors makes it possible to assess HR in daily driving scenarios. A previous study compared HR measured with a wrist band based on photoplethysmography (PPG) to electrocardiography (ECG) for fatigue detection, and showed that PPG based HR can be used for this application but with reduced detection performance. The chest strap HR monitor is another type of common wearable HR sensor based on ECG measured by dry electrodes. Studies have shown that it can deliver excellent HR measurement in rest and low intensity activity. Its accuracy in driving scenarios has not been validated. This work aims to validate the Polar H10 HR sensor for HRV analysis in real road driving, with the application for driver sleepiness detection
  •  
49.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, et al. (author)
  • Growth factors and neurotrophins in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder
  • 2019
  • In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 109
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • © 2019 The Authors Growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotophic factor (BDNF), have attracted attention in studies of the biological effects of long-term stress exposure due to their neuroprotective roles. This study investigated whether circulating levels of EGF, VEGF and BDNF were altered in individuals with stress-related exhaustion disorder. Forty patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder and 40 healthy subjects (50% women) provided fasting blood samples for analysis of EGF, VEGF, and BDNF in plasma. We found significantly lower levels of EGF, VEGF, and BDNF in patients with ED compared to healthy controls. This pattern was seen in both male and female patients. Given the important roles of BDNF and VEGF for brain plasticity and neurogenesis, decreased levels after long-term stress exposure could indicate increased risk of neuronal damage and cognitive impairments in this patient group.
  •  
50.
  • Sjörs Dahlman, Anna, et al. (author)
  • No alterations in diurnal cortisol profiles before and during the treatment in patients with stress-related exhaustion
  • 2015
  • In: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. - : Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. - 1232-1087 .- 1896-494X. ; 28:1, s. 120-129
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: Several theories have emerged in recent years suggesting that neuroendocrinological alterations, mainly changes in cortisol, could be of importance with respect to the link between chronic stress and disease. This study investigated possible deviations in the diurnal cortisol profiles of patients with clinically diagnosed stress-related exhaustion (exhaustion disorder - ED) compared with healthy controls. Material and Methods: Salivary cortisol samples taken at home in the morning directly after waking up, 30 min later, and in the evening were compared between ED patients (N = 122; 25% men) and healthy controls (N = 98; 44% men). Follow-up measurements were performed after 6 months (79 patients) and 12 months (68 patients) of the treatment. Results: There were no clear differences in diurnal salivary cortisol profiles between the patients and healthy controls. Moreover, salivary cortisol levels and diurnal profiles did not change significantly during the treatment in the patient group. There was some indication of a smaller cortisol awakening response in the male patients compared to the male controls, but the difference appeared to be mainly related to the antidepressant use. Conclusions: Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles, at least as measured in this study, give a rather poor reflection of the prolonged stress exposure experienced by patients with ED. Such basal salivary cortisol measurements do not seem suitable as biomarkers for stress-related conditions such as ED or burnout, or as an aid to assess the effects of prolonged stress load in a routine clinical practice.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Result 1-50 of 54
Type of publication
journal article (35)
reports (8)
conference paper (7)
book chapter (3)
doctoral thesis (1)
Type of content
peer-reviewed (35)
other academic/artistic (19)
Author/Editor
Anund, Anna, 1964- (13)
Jonsdottir, Ingibjör ... (11)
Falkmer, Torbjörn (8)
Gerdle, Björn (8)
Dahlman, Joakim, 197 ... (7)
Ledin, Torbjörn (5)
show more...
Anund, Anna (3)
Jansson, Per-Anders, ... (2)
Lu, Ke (2)
Karlsson, Johan (2)
Lindström, Johan (2)
Ljung Aust, Mikael (2)
Forward, Sonja, 1956 ... (2)
Stave, Christina, 19 ... (2)
Selpi, Selpi, 1977 (2)
Larsson, Kristina, 1 ... (2)
Weidel, My, 1993- (2)
Börjesson, Mats, 196 ... (1)
Blennow, Kaj, 1958 (1)
Crenshaw, Albert G. (1)
Zetterberg, Henrik, ... (1)
Engström, Maria (1)
Enblad, Gunilla (1)
Lundberg, Peter (1)
Eriksson, Jan W. (1)
Palstam, Annie, 1981 (1)
Imms, Christine (1)
Fröhlich, Peter (1)
Kuhn, Hans-Georg, 19 ... (1)
Kosek, Eva (1)
Leandersson, Per (1)
Ljung, Thomas, 1961- (1)
Glad Mattsson, Gunil ... (1)
Mattsson, Sven (1)
Mannerkorpi, Kaisa, ... (1)
Börsbo, Björn (1)
Ljung Aust, Mikael, ... (1)
Falkmer, Torbjörn, 1 ... (1)
Talbot, Rachel (1)
Alföldi, Peter (1)
Lützhöft, Margareta, ... (1)
Hasewinkel, Håkan (1)
Hansson, Caroline, 1 ... (1)
Löfgren, Monika (1)
Sjöqvist, Bengt-Arne ... (1)
Antti, Henrik (1)
Karlson, Björn (1)
Gerdle, Björn, 1953- (1)
Hardestam, Hugo (1)
Skogsmo, Ingrid, 196 ... (1)
show less...
University
VTI - The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (25)
Linköping University (23)
University of Gothenburg (13)
Chalmers University of Technology (13)
Uppsala University (4)
Umeå University (3)
show more...
Mälardalen University (3)
Jönköping University (3)
Mid Sweden University (3)
Karolinska Institutet (3)
Stockholm University (2)
University of Gävle (1)
Lund University (1)
Högskolan Dalarna (1)
show less...
Language
English (48)
Swedish (6)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
Medical and Health Sciences (23)
Engineering and Technology (18)
Social Sciences (11)
Natural sciences (5)

Year

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Close

Copy and save the link in order to return to this view