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- Attard, Karl M., et al.
(author)
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Benthic oxygen exchange in a live coralline algal bed and an adjacent sandy habitat : an eddy covariance study
- 2015
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In: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 535, s. 99-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Coralline algal (maerl) beds are widespread, slow-growing, structurally complex perennial habitats that support high biodiversity, yet are significantly understudied compared to seagrass beds or kelp forests. We present the first eddy covariance (EC) study on a live maerl bed, assessing the community benthic gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) derived from diel EC time series collected during 5 seasonal measurement campaigns in temperate Loch Sween, Scotland. Measurements were also carried out at an adjacent (similar to 20 m distant) permeable sandy habitat. The O-2 exchange rate was highly dynamic, driven by light availability and the ambient tidally-driven flow velocity. Linear relationships between the EC O-2 fluxes and available light indicate that the benthic phototrophic communities were light limited. Compensation irradiance (E-c) varied seasonally and was typically similar to 1.8-fold lower at the maerl bed compared to the sand. Substantial GPP was evident at both sites; however, the maerl bed and the sand habitat were net heterotrophic during each sampling campaign. Additional inputs of similar to 4 and similar to 7 mol m(-2) yr(-1) of carbon at the maerl bed and sand site, respectively, were required to sustain the benthic O-2 demand. Thus, the 2 benthic habitats efficiently entrap organic carbon and are sinks of organic material in the coastal zone. Parallel deployment of 0.1 m(2) benthic chambers during nighttime revealed O-2 uptake rates that varied by up to similar to 8-fold between replicate chambers (from -0.4 to -3.0 mmol O-2 m(-2) h(-1); n = 4). However, despite extensive O-2 flux variability on meter horizontal scales, mean rates of O-2 uptake as resolved in parallel by chambers and EC were typically within 20% of one another.
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- Hadimeri, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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A fixed protocol for outpatient clinic routines in the care of patients with severe renal failure
- 2013
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In: Renal failure. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0886-022X .- 1525-6049. ; 35:6, s. 845-854
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The primary aim of this study was to assess whether a fixed protocol, using a specially trained team, for intermediate follow-up to fulfillment of guideline targets is non-inferior to conventional follow-up in the care of uraemic patients. A secondary aim was to investigate possible impact on patient outcome.Methods: The cohort comprised 424 patients from seven centers. Inclusion criteria were either serum creatinine exceeding 200 mu mol/l or calculated clearance below 30 ml/min, representing CKD 4 or 5a. Six centers followed a standardized protocol (group 1). One center provided controls (group 2). The study design was prospective and interventional. The variables measured were blood hemoglobin, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, renal function variables, blood pressure and RAAS blockade. The number of patients achieving the set goals was analyzed as a time trend to determine if the intervention resulted in an improvement.Results: At baseline, group 1 had significantly lower GFR and higher serum creatinine, calcium, phosphate, calcium x phosphate product and bicarbonate, lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressures and less use of RAAS. During the intervention, group 1 improved in the direction of guidelines for blood hemoglobin, albumin, bicarbonate and MAP. Outcome of secondary endpoints gave a risk of death of 30% in both groups, while the risk of renal replacement therapy was higher in group 1.Conclusions: However, the time to renal replacement therapy was significantly shorter in the intervention group, indicating that other variables than guideline achievements are important for the patient.
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- Pettersson, E., et al.
(author)
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Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls
- 2019
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In: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 49:7, s. 1166-1173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most studies underline the contribution of heritable factors for psychiatric disorders. However, heritability estimates depend on the population under study, diagnostic instruments, and study designs that each has its inherent assumptions, strengths, and biases. We aim to test the homogeneity in heritability estimates between two powerful, and state of the art study designs for eight psychiatric disorders.METHODS: We assessed heritability based on data of Swedish siblings (N = 4 408 646 full and maternal half-siblings), and based on summary data of eight samples with measured genotypes (N = 125 533 cases and 208 215 controls). All data were based on standard diagnostic criteria. Eight psychiatric disorders were studied: (1) alcohol dependence (AD), (2) anorexia nervosa, (3) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), (4) autism spectrum disorder, (5) bipolar disorder, (6) major depressive disorder, (7) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and (8) schizophrenia.RESULTS: Heritability estimates from sibling data varied from 0.30 for Major Depression to 0.80 for ADHD. The estimates based on the measured genotypes were lower, ranging from 0.10 for AD to 0.28 for OCD, but were significant, and correlated positively (0.19) with national sibling-based estimates. When removing OCD from the data the correlation increased to 0.50.CONCLUSIONS: Given the unique character of each study design, the convergent findings for these eight psychiatric conditions suggest that heritability estimates are robust across different methods. The findings also highlight large differences in genetic and environmental influences between psychiatric disorders, providing future directions for etiological psychiatric research.
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- Smith, Nathan, et al.
(author)
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Kinematics and Ultraviolet to Infrared Morphology of the Inner Homunculus of η Carinae
- 2004
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 605:1, s. 405-424
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first ultraviolet and optical images of η Car and itscircumstellar Homunculus nebula, obtained with the Advanced Camera forSurveys/High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC) on board the Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST). Compared to those at visual wavelengths, UV imagesreveal excess emission 0.1"-0.6" from the central source along the minoraxis that may emanate from the outer parts of η Car's nonsphericalstellar wind, which dominates the UV flux from η Car. The UVemission fills the cavity inside a dust torus measured from infrared(IR) data; within 0.2" of the star the UV emission projects a morphologyreminiscent of the IR torus, but it is a factor of 10 smaller. This``little torus'' seen in the UV may be related to the ``LittleHomunculus'' discovered recently, signifying recurrent mass ejectionswith the same geometry. Finally, we reexamine the kinematics of nebularcondensations near the star (Weigelt objects C and D) in HST images andspectra obtained over the past decade. We measure heliocentricvelocities slower than previous estimates, and from proper motions wederive an ejection date of 1908+/-12 yr, assuming linear motion.However, because of radiative acceleration, these objects may have beenejected earlier-perhaps during the 1890 outburst of η Car.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, operated by theAssociation of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASAcontract NAS 5-26555.
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