| 1. |
- Gong, J., et al.
(author)
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Sex differences in dementia risk and risk factors: Individual-participant data analysis using 21 cohorts across six continents from the COSMIC consortium
- 2023
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In: Alzheimers & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 19:8, s. 3365-3378
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionSex differences in dementia risk, and risk factor (RF) associations with dementia, remain uncertain across diverse ethno-regional groups. MethodsA total of 29,850 participants (58% women) from 21 cohorts across six continents were included in an individual participant data meta-analysis. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), and women-to-men ratio of hazard ratios (RHRs) for associations between RFs and all-cause dementia were derived from mixed-effect Cox models. ResultsIncident dementia occurred in 2089 (66% women) participants over 4.6 years (median). Women had higher dementia risk (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]) than men, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income economies. Associations between longer education and former alcohol use with dementia risk (RHR, 1.01 [1.00, 1.03] per year, and 0.55 [0.38, 0.79], respectively) were stronger for men than women; otherwise, there were no discernible sex differences in other RFs. DiscussionDementia risk was higher in women than men, with possible variations by country-level income settings, but most RFs appear to work similarly in women and men.
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| 2. |
- Albrechtsen, A., et al.
(author)
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Exome sequencing-driven discovery of coding polymorphisms associated with common metabolic phenotypes
- 2013
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 56:2, s. 298-310
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human complex metabolic traits are in part regulated by genetic determinants. Here we applied exome sequencing to identify novel associations of coding polymorphisms at minor allele frequencies (MAFs) > 1% with common metabolic phenotypes. The study comprised three stages. We performed medium-depth (8x) whole exome sequencing in 1,000 cases with type 2 diabetes, BMI > 27.5 kg/m(2) and hypertension and in 1,000 controls (stage 1). We selected 16,192 polymorphisms nominally associated (p < 0.05) with case-control status, from four selected annotation categories or from loci reported to associate with metabolic traits. These variants were genotyped in 15,989 Danes to search for association with 12 metabolic phenotypes (stage 2). In stage 3, polymorphisms showing potential associations were genotyped in a further 63,896 Europeans. Exome sequencing identified 70,182 polymorphisms with MAF > 1%. In stage 2 we identified 51 potential associations with one or more of eight metabolic phenotypes covered by 45 unique polymorphisms. In meta-analyses of stage 2 and stage 3 results, we demonstrated robust associations for coding polymorphisms in CD300LG (fasting HDL-cholesterol: MAF 3.5%, p = 8.5 x 10(-14)), COBLL1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 12.5%, OR 0.88, p = 1.2 x 10(-11)) and MACF1 (type 2 diabetes: MAF 23.4%, OR 1.10, p = 8.2 x 10(-10)). We applied exome sequencing as a basis for finding genetic determinants of metabolic traits and show the existence of low-frequency and common coding polymorphisms with impact on common metabolic traits. Based on our study, coding polymorphisms with MAF above 1% do not seem to have particularly high effect sizes on the measured metabolic traits.
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| 3. |
- Mahalingam, G., et al.
(author)
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Social connections and risk of incident mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing
- 2023
-
In: Alzheimers & Dementia. - 1552-5260. ; 19:11, s. 5114-5128
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionPrevious meta-analyses have linked social connections and mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality. However, these used aggregate data from North America and Europe and examined a limited number of social connection markers. MethodsWe used individual participant data (N = 39271, M-age = 70.67 (40-102), 58.86% female, M-education = 8.43 years, Mfollow-up = 3.22 years) from 13 longitudinal ageing studies. A two-stage meta-analysis of Cox regression models examined the association between social connection markers with our primary outcomes. ResultsWe found associations between good social connections structure and quality and lower risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI); between social structure and function and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality. Only in Asian cohorts, being married/in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of dementia, and having a confidante was associated with reduced risk of dementia and mortality. DiscussionDifferent aspects of social connections - structure, function, and quality - are associated with benefits for healthy aging internationally. HighlightsSocial connection structure (being married/in a relationship, weekly community group engagement, weekly family/friend interactions) and quality (never lonely) were associated with lower risk of incident MCI.Social connection structure (monthly/weekly friend/family interactions) and function (having a confidante) were associated with lower risk of incident dementia.Social connection structure (living with others, yearly/monthly/weekly community group engagement) and function (having a confidante) were associated with lower risk of mortality.Evidence from 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing indicates that social connections are important targets for reducing risk of incident MCI, incident dementia, and mortality.Only in Asian cohorts, being married/in a relationship was associated with reduced risk of dementia, and having a confidante was associated with reduced risk of dementia and mortality.
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| 4. |
- Samtani, S., et al.
(author)
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Associations between social connections and cognition: a global collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis
- 2022
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In: The Lancet Healthy Longevity. - 2666-7568. ; 3:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Poor social connections (eg, small networks, infrequent interactions, and loneliness) are modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. Existing meta-analyses are limited by reporting aggregate responses, a focus on global cognition, and combining social measures into single constructs. We aimed to investigate the association between social connection markers and the rate of annual change in cognition (ie, global and domain-specific), as well as sex differences, using an individual participant data meta-analysis. Methods: We harmonised data from 13 longitudinal cohort studies of ageing in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had baseline data for social connection markers and at least two waves of cognitive scores. Follow-up periods ranged from 0 years to 15 years across cohorts. We included participants with cognitive data for at least two waves and social connection data for at least one wave. We then identified and excluded people with dementia at baseline. Primary outcomes were annual rates of change in global cognition and cognitive domain scores over time until final follow-up within each cohort study analysed by use of an individual participant data meta-analysis. Linear mixed models within cohorts used baseline social connection markers as predictors of the primary outcomes. Effects were pooled in two stages using random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed the primary outcomes in the main (partially adjusted) and fully adjusted models. Partially adjusted models controlled for age, sex, and education; fully adjusted models additionally controlled for diabetes, hypertension, smoking, cardiovascular risk, and depression. Findings: Of the 40 006 participants in the 13 cohort studies, we excluded 1392 people with dementia at baseline. 38 614 individual participants were included in our analyses. For the main models, being in a relationship or married predicted slower global cognitive decline (b=0·010, 95% CI 0·000–0·019) than did being single or never married; living with others predicted slower global cognitive (b=0·007, 0·002–0·012), memory (b=0·017, 0·006–0·028), and language (b=0·008, 0·000–0·015) decline than did living alone; and weekly interactions with family and friends (b=0·016, 0·006–0·026) and weekly community group engagement (b=0·030, 0·007–0·052) predicted slower memory decline than did no interactions and no engagement. Never feeling lonely predicted slower global cognitive (b=0·047, 95% CI 0·018–0·075) and executive function (b=0·047, 0·017–0·077) decline than did often feeling lonely. Degree of social support, having a confidante, and relationship satisfaction did not predict cognitive decline across global cognition or cognitive domains. Heterogeneity was low (I2=0·00–15·11%) for all but two of the significant findings (association between slower memory decline and living with others [I2=58·33%] and community group engagement, I2=37·54–72·19%), suggesting robust results across studies. Interpretation: Good social connections (ie, living with others, weekly community group engagement, interacting weekly with family and friends, and never feeling lonely) are associated with slower cognitive decline.
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| 5. |
- Bae, J. B., et al.
(author)
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Does parity matter in women's risk of dementia? A COSMIC collaboration cohort study
- 2020
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In: Bmc Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Dementia shows sex difference in its epidemiology. Childbirth, a distinctive experience of women, is associated with the risk for various diseases. However, its association with the risk of dementia in women has rarely been studied. Methods We harmonized and pooled baseline data from 11 population-based cohorts from 11 countries over 3 continents, including 14,792 women aged 60 years or older. We investigated the association between parity and the risk of dementia using logistic regression models that adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cohort, with additional analyses by region and dementia subtype. Results Across all cohorts, grand multiparous (5 or more childbirths) women had a 47% greater risk of dementia than primiparous (1 childbirth) women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.94), while nulliparous (no childbirth) women and women with 2 to 4 childbirths showed a comparable dementia risk to primiparous women. However, there were differences associated with region and dementia subtype. Compared to women with 1 to 4 childbirths, grand multiparous women showed a higher risk of dementia in Europe (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.38-6.47) and Latin America (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04-2.12), while nulliparous women showed a higher dementia risk in Asia (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.33-3.47). Grand multiparity was associated with 6.9-fold higher risk of vascular dementia in Europe (OR = 6.86, 95% CI = 1.81-26.08), whereas nulliparity was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer disease (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.07-3.39) and non-Alzheimer non-vascular dementia (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.44-8.35) in Asia. Conclusion Parity is associated with women's risk of dementia, though this is not uniform across regions and dementia subtypes.
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| 6. |
- Hampton, Stephanie E., et al.
(author)
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Ecology under lake ice
- 2017
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In: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 20:1, s. 98-111
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
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| 7. |
- Drupp, M. A., et al.
(author)
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Accounting for the increasing benefits from scarce ecosystems
- 2024
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In: SCIENCE. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 383:6687, s. 1062-1064
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Governments are catching up with economic theory and practice by increasingly integrating ecosystem service values into national planning processes, including benefitcost analyses of public policies. Such analyses require information not only about today's benefits from ecosystem services but also on how benefits change over time. We address a key limitation of existing policy guidance, which assumes that benefits from ecosystem services remain unchanged. We provide a practical rule that is grounded in economic theory and evidence-based as a guideline for how benefits change over time: They rise as societies get richer and even more so when ecosystem services are declining. Our proposal will correct a substantial downward bias in currently used estimates of future ecosystem service values. This will help governments to reflect the importance of ecosystems more accurately in benefit-cost analyses and policy decisions they inform.
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| 8. |
- Oh, D. J., et al.
(author)
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Parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia: A cross-sectional analysis of a global collaborative study
- 2023
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In: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. - 1323-1316 .- 1440-1819. ; 77:8, s. 449-456
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Parental history of dementia appears to increase the risk of dementia, but there have been inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate whether the association between parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia are different by dementia subtypes and sex of parent and offspring. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we harmonized and pooled data for 17,194 older adults from nine population-based cohorts of eight countries. These studies conducted face-to-face diagnostic interviews, physical and neurological examinations, and neuropsychological assessments to diagnose dementia. We investigated the associations of maternal and paternal history of dementia with the risk of dementia and its subtypes in offspring. Results: The mean age of the participants was 72.8 +/- 7.9 years and 59.2% were female. Parental history of dementia was associated with higher risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-1.86) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.31-2.26), but not with the risk of non-AD. This was largely driven by maternal history of dementia, which was associated with the risk of dementia (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15-1.97) and AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.33-2.43) whereas paternal history of dementia was not. These results remained significant when males and females were analyzed separately (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.55 in males; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16-2.44 for females). Conclusions: Maternal history of dementia was associated with the risk of dementia and AD in both males and females. Maternal history of dementia may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of AD and stratifying the risk for AD in clinical trials.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Matison, Annabel P., et al.
(author)
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Associations between fruit and vegetable intakes and incident depression in middle-aged and older adults from 10 diverse international longitudinal cohorts
- 2024
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In: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 359, s. 373-381
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Emerging observational evidence supports a role for higher fruit and vegetable intake in protecting against the development of depression. However, there is a scarcity of research in older adults or in low- to middle -income countries (LMICs). Methods: Participants were 7801 community -based adults (mean age 68.6 +/- 8.0 years, 55.8 % female) without depression, from 10 diverse cohorts, including four cohorts from LMICs. Fruit and vegetable intake was selfreported via comprehensive food frequency questionnaire, short food questionnaire or diet history. Depressive symptoms were assessed using validated measures, and depression defined applying validated cut-offs. The associations between baseline fruit and vegetable intakes and incident depression over a follow-up period of three to nine years were examined using Cox regression. Analyses were performed by cohort with results metaanalysed. Results: There were 1630 cases of incident depression (21 % of participants) over 40,258 person -years of followup. Higher intake of fruit was associated with a lower risk of incident depression (HR 0.87, 95%CI [0.77, 0.99], I 2 = 4 %). No association was found between vegetable intake and incident depression (HR 0.93, 95%CI [0.84, 1.04], I 2 = 0 %).
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| 11. |
- Appendino, G, et al.
(author)
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Antibacterial galloylated alkylphloroglucinol glucosides from myrtle (Myrtus communis)
- 2006
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In: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 69:2, s. 251-254
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An investigation of the polar glycosidic fraction from the leaves of myrtle afforded four galloylated nonprenylated phloroglucinol glucosides (3a-d) related to the endoperoxide hormone G3 (4) in terms of structure and biogenesis. Despite their close similarity, significant antibacterial activity was shown only by one of these compounds (3b, gallomyrtucommulone B), while the G3 hormone (4) was inactive.
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| 12. |
- Arrow, K., et al.
(author)
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Determining Benefits and Costs for Future Generations
- 2013
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In: Science. - 0036-8075. ; 341:6144, s. 349-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In economic project analysis, the rate at which future benefits and costs are discounted relative to current values often determines whether a project passes the benefit-cost test. This is especially true of projects with long time horizons, such as those to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Whether the benefits of climate policies, which can last for centuries, outweigh the costs, many of which are borne today, is especially sensitive to the rate at which future benefits are discounted. This is also true of other policies, e.g., affecting nuclear waste disposal or the construction of long-lived infrastructure
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| 13. |
- Arrow, K. J., et al.
(author)
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Should Governments Use a Declining Discount Rate in Project Analysis?
- 2014
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In: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1750-6816 .- 1750-6824. ; 8:2, s. 145-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Should governments use a discount rate that declines over time when evaluating the future benefits and costs of public projects? The argument for using a declining discount rate (DDR) is simple: if the discount rates that will be applied in the future are uncertain but positively correlated, and if the analyst can assign probabilities to these discount rates, then the result will be a declining schedule of certainty-equivalent discount rates. There is a growing empirical literature that estimates models of long-term interest rates and uses them to forecast the DDR schedule. However, this literature has been criticized because it lacks a connection to the theory of project evaluation. In benefit-cost analysis, the net benefits of a project in year t (in consumption units) are discounted to the present at the rate at which society would trade consumption in year t for consumption in the present. With simplifying assumptions, this leads to the Ramsey discounting formula, which results in a declining certainty-equivalent discount rate if the rate of growth in consumption is uncertain and if shocks to consumption are correlated over time. We conclude that the arguments in favor of a DDR are compelling and thus merit serious consideration by regulatory agencies in the United States.
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| 14. |
- Essawy, Soha S, et al.
(author)
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Marrubium alysson extracts in high cholesterol-fed rabbits.
- 2014
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In: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-7475 .- 1319-0164. ; 22:5, s. 472-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hexane (HEXA), chloroform (CHLORO), ethyl acetate (EA) and total alcoholic (T. ALCOH) extracts of Marrubium alysson in hypercholesterolemic-fed rabbits were evaluated. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male rabbits by high cholesterol diet (HCD) (350 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits were allocated into groups, treated with simvastatin (SIM 5 mg/kg), different extracts of M. alysson at two doses of 250, 500 mg/kg. A normal control group and an HCD control one were used for comparison. Lipid profile, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ox-LDL-C), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and superoxide anion production (O2•(-)), C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were also evaluated. In addition, histological examination of ascending aorta was performed. We found dyslipidemia associated with significant increases in ox-LDL-C 123.5 ± 9.8 nmol MDA/mg non-HDL, MPO activity 0.08 ± 0.05 U/100 mg tissue and O2•(-) production 3.5 ± 0.3 nmol cytochrome C reduced/min/g tissue × 10(-4) in hypercholerterolemic rabbits. In addition, there was a significant increase in CRP 6.6 ± 0.49 μmol/L and MCP-1 190.9 ± 6.4 pg/ml and its mRNA expression in HCD. Intima appeared thick with thick plaques surrounding the intima and luminal narrowing. SIM, EA and HEXA extracts of M. alysson had lipid lowering effect, decrease in ox-LDL-C, MPO, O2•(-), CRP and MCP-1 mRNA expression with improvement of the pathological picture. M. alysson enhanced the stability of plaque, had lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
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| 15. |
- Kamnaing, P, et al.
(author)
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Trypanocidal diarylheptanoids from Aframomum letestuianum K. Schum (Zingiberaceae).
- 2003
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In: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 66:3, s. 364-367
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three new diarylheptanoids, (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one, letestuianin A (1), (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one, letestuianin B (2), and 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptan-3,5-dione, letestuianin C (3), as well as the known (4Z,6E)-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one (5) were isolated from Aframomum letestuianum. The known flavonoids 3-acetoxy-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone, 3-acetoxy-7-methoxy-5,4'-dihydroxyflavanone, 7-methoxy-3,5,4'-trihydroxyflavone, and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan were also obtained from this plant. Their structures were determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The four diarylheptanoids were tested for growth inhibitory activity in vitro versus bloodstream forms of African trypanosomes. IC50 values in the range of 1-3 g/mL were found for compounds 3 and 5.
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| 16. |
- Martin, Maria A., et al.
(author)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2021 : a horizon scan
- 2021
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In: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2059-4798. ; 4, s. 1-20
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-technical summary: We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding about the remaining options to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, through overcoming political barriers to carbon pricing, taking into account non-CO2 factors, a well-designed implementation of demand-side and nature-based solutions, resilience building of ecosystems and the recognition that climate change mitigation costs can be justified by benefits to the health of humans and nature alone. We consider new insights about what to expect if we fail to include a new dimension of fire extremes and the prospect of cascading climate tipping elements.Technical summary: A synthesis is made of 10 topics within climate research, where there have been significant advances since January 2020. The insights are based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) the options to still keep global warming below 1.5 °C; (2) the impact of non-CO2 factors in global warming; (3) a new dimension of fire extremes forced by climate change; (4) the increasing pressure on interconnected climate tipping elements; (5) the dimensions of climate justice; (6) political challenges impeding the effectiveness of carbon pricing; (7) demand-side solutions as vehicles of climate mitigation; (8) the potentials and caveats of nature-based solutions; (9) how building resilience of marine ecosystems is possible; and (10) that the costs of climate change mitigation policies can be more than justified by the benefits to the health of humans and nature.Social media summary: How do we limit global warming to 1.5 °C and why is it crucial? See highlights of latest climate science.
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| 17. |
- Revesz, R., et al.
(author)
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Best cost estimate of greenhouse gases
- 2017
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 357:6352
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Shen, X L, et al.
(author)
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Inhibition of [methyl-3H]diazepam binding to rat brain membranes in vitro by dinatin and skrofulein
- 1994
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In: Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao (China). - 0253-9756. ; 15:5, s. 385-388
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two flavones, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxy flavone (dinatin) and 4',5-dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxy flavone (skrofulein), were extracted from Artemisia herba alba L. Dinatin and skrofulein inhibited the binding of [methyl-3H]diazepam to rat brain membranes in vitro with IC50 of 1.3 and 23 mumol.L-1, respectively. The GABA-ratios (the ratio of IC50 values in the absence/presence of GABA in the binding assay) were 1.1 and 1.2 for dinatin and skrofulein, respectively. Both flavones induced a slight increase in [35S] TBPS binding. The data suggest that the flavones are antagonists or partial agonists of benzodiazepine receptors.
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| 20. |
- Abo-elmatty, Dina M., et al.
(author)
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Urtica pilulifera extracts in type2 diabetic rats
- 2013
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In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7573 .- 0378-8741. ; 145:1, s. 269-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ethnopharmacological relevance: "Urtica pilulifera has been traditionally used in Egyptian system as an herbal remedy to be a diuretic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hemostatic, antidandruff and astringent" Aim of the study: To evaluate the potential effects of ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (CHLOR) and hexane (HEXA) extracts of Urtica piluliferaas oral anti-diabetic agents as well as to evaluate their possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in type2 diabetic rat model. Material and methods: Type2 diabetes was induced by a high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic adult male albino rats were allocated into groups and treated according to the following schedule; Pioglitazone HCL (PIO), EA, CHLOR and HEXA extracts of Urtica piluilifera at two doses of 250 and 500 mg/ kg were used. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control one were used for comparison. Blood glucose, insulin resistance, antioxidant enzymes, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-a levels were evaluated. Results: EA and CHLOR extracts of Urtica pilulifera exhibited a significant hypoglycemia associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats; however, HEXA extract showed no beneficial effect. These activities are responsible, at least partly, for improvements that have been seen in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our results encourage the traditional use of Urtica pilulifera extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent as an additional therapy of diabetes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Abrahamsson, M., et al.
(author)
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Changes of visual function and visual ability in daily life following cataract surgery
- 2009
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In: Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 74:1, s. 69-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We conducted a prospective study of 56 patients aged 70 to 79 years undergoing cataract surgery, in order to determine the impact of surgery on subjective and objective measurements of visual ability. In 46 cases we could obtain all necessary data. Binocular visual acuity, near vision and contrast sensitivity improved due to surgery. Self-assessed ability to perform visually related tasks was examined in form of a questionnaire. The results show that there was no simple relationship between objective measurements and perceived visual ability. An impairment in preoperative visual acuity cannot be related to a specific loss of visual ability. In order to increase the quality of cataract surgery more subtly, subjective aspects of vision must be taken into consideration when operation is decided upon and in the evaluation of the results.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bae, J. B., et al.
(author)
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Parity and the risk of incident dementia: a COSMIC study
- 2020
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In: Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. - 2045-7979. ; 29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: To investigate the association between parity and the risk of incident dementia in women. METHODS: We pooled baseline and follow-up data for community-dwelling women aged 60 or older from six population-based, prospective cohort studies from four European and two Asian countries. We investigated the association between parity and incident dementia using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, educational level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cohort, with additional analysis by dementia subtype (Alzheimer dementia (AD) and non-Alzheimer dementia (NAD)). RESULTS: Of 9756 women dementia-free at baseline, 7010 completed one or more follow-up assessments. The mean follow-up duration was 5.4 ± 3.1 years and dementia developed in 550 participants. The number of parities was associated with the risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.13). Grand multiparity (five or more parities) increased the risk of dementia by 30% compared to 1-4 parities (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02-1.67). The risk of NAD increased by 12% for every parity (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02-1.23) and by 60% for grand multiparity (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00-2.55), but the risk of AD was not significantly associated with parity. CONCLUSIONS: Grand multiparity is a significant risk factor for dementia in women. This may have particularly important implications for women in low and middle-income countries where the fertility rate and prevalence of grand multiparity are high.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Drummond, M. V., et al.
(author)
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Novel opto-electrical tunable dispersion compensator for IM signals
- 2009
-
In: 2009 35th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). - : VDE Verlag GmbH. - 9783800731732 ; , s. 5287374-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel opto-electrical tunable dispersion compensator with a tuning time lower than 150 s is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Compensation of 0-340 ps/nm for a 40 Gb/s NRZ signal is achieved.
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| 27. |
- el-Din, Sayed H. Seif, et al.
(author)
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Potential effect of the medicinal plants Calotropis procera, Ficus elastica and Zingiber officinale against Schistosoma mansoni in mice
- 2014
-
In: Pharmaceutical Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1744-5116 .- 1388-0209. ; 52:2, s. 144-150
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Ficus elastica Roxb. (Moraceae) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) have been traditionally used to treat many diseases. Objective: The antischistosomal activity of these plant extracts was evaluated against Schistosoma mansoni. Materials and methods: Male mice exposed to 80 +/- 10 cercariae per mouse were divided into two batches. The first was divided into five groups: (I) infected untreated, while groups from (II-V) were treated orally (500 mg/kg for three consecutive days) by aqueous stem latex and flowers of C. procera, latex of F. elastica and ether extract of Z. officinale, respectively. The second batch was divided into four comparable groups (except Z. officinale-treated group) similarly treated as the first batch in addition to the antacid ranitidine (30 mg/kg) 1 h before extract administration. Safety, worm recovery, tissues egg load and oogram pattern were assessed. Results: Calotropis procera latex and flower extracts are toxic (50-70% mortality) even in a small dose (250 mg/kg) before washing off their toxic rubber. Zingiber officinale extract insignificantly decrease (7.26%) S. mansoni worms. When toxic rubber was washed off and ranitidine was used, C. procera (stem latex and flowers) and F. elastica extracts revealed significant S. mansoni worm reductions by 45.31, 53.7 and 16.71%, respectively. Moreover, C. procera extracts produced significant reductions in tissue egg load (similar to 34-38.5%) and positively affected oogram pattern. Conclusion: The present study may be useful to supplement information with regard to C. procera and F. elastica antischistosomal activity and provide a basis for further experimental trials.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lennon, Matthew J., et al.
(author)
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Use of Antihypertensives, Blood Pressure, and Estimated Risk of Dementia in Late Life An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
- 2023
-
In: JAMA NETWORK OPEN. - 2574-3805. ; 6:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The utility of antihypertensives and ideal blood pressure (BP) for dementia prevention in late life remains unclear and highly contested. OBJECTIVES To assess the associations of hypertension history, antihypertensive use, and baseline measured BP in late life (age >60 years) with dementia and the moderating factors of age, sex, and racial group. DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SELECTION Longitudinal, population-based studies of aging participating in the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC) group were included. Participants were individuals without dementia at baseline aged 60 to 110 years and were based in 15 different countries (US, Brazil, Australia, China, Korea, Singapore, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, Sweden, and Greece). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Participants were grouped in 3 categories based on previous diagnosis of hypertension and baseline antihypertensive use: healthy controls, treated hypertension, and untreated hypertension. Baseline systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were treated as continuous variables. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Individual Participant Data reporting guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The key outcome was all-cause dementia. Mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between the exposures and the key outcome variable. The association between dementia and baseline BP was modeled using nonlinear natural splines. The main analysis was a partially adjusted Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, age squared, sex, education, racial group, and a random effect for study. Sensitivity analyses included a fully adjusted analysis, a restricted analysis of those individuals with more than 5 years of follow-up data, and models examining the moderating factors of age, sex, and racial group. RESULTS The analysis included 17 studies with 34 519 community dwelling older adults (20 160 [58.4%] female) with a mean (SD) age of 72.5 (7.5) years and a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.3 (4.3) years. In the main, partially adjusted analysis including 14 studies, individuals with untreated hypertension had a 42% increased risk of dementia compared with healthy controls (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI 1.15-1.76; P =.001) and 26% increased risk compared with individuals with treated hypertension (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.53; P =.02). Individuals with treated hypertension had no significant increased dementia risk compared with healthy controls (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.99-1.28; P =.07). The association of antihypertensive use or hypertension status with dementia did not vary with baseline BP. There was no significant association of baseline SBP or DBP with dementia risk in any of the analyses. There were no significant interactions with age, sex, or racial group for any of the analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This individual patient data meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies found that antihypertensive usewas associated with decreased dementia risk compared with individuals with untreated hypertension through all ages in late life. Individuals with treated hypertension had no increased risk of dementia compared with healthy controls.
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| 30. |
- Ngarnga, Dieudonne, et al.
(author)
-
Anti-trypanosomal alkaloids from Xymalos monospora
- 2006
-
In: Natural Product Communications. - 1934-578X. ; 1:8, s. 619-622
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From an extract of the stem bark of Xymalos monospora, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (1), three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (mollinedine, 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquino-line, doryafranine), and an aporphine alkaloid (N-methyllaurotetanine) were isolated. These compounds were tested for growth inhibitory activity against bloodstream forms of three strains of African trypanosomes. In vitro IC50 values starting from 1.8 mu g/mL were obtained.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nyman, U, et al.
(author)
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Contrast-medium-induced nephropathy correlated to the ratio between dose in gram iodine and estimated GFR in ml/min
- 2005
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In: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 46:8, s. 830-842
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To suggest a more precise tool when assessing the risk of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy (CIN), i.e. the ratio between contrast medium (CM) dose expressed in grams of iodine (g-I) and estimated glomerular filtration rate in ml/min (eGFR; based on equations using serum-creatinine (s-Cr), weight, height, age, and/or sex), here named I-dose/GFR ratio. Material and Methods: A Medline search of published CIN investigations reporting mean eGFR and mean dose of low-osmolality CM (LOCM) identified 10 randomized controlled prophylactic and 2 cohort coronary investigations, and 3 randomized and I cohort computed tomographic (CT) investigation. From the randomized trials, data were collected only from the placebo or control arms, unless there was no significant difference between the control and test groups. The mean I-dose/GFR ratio of each study was correlated with the mean frequency of CIN-1 (s-Cr rise >= 44.2 mu mol/l or >= 20-25%) and CIN-2 (oliguria or requiring dialysis). A maximum dose according to an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 in patients with s-Cr ranging from 100 to 300 mu mol/l was compared with that of CIGARROA'S formula and with a "European consensus" threshold published by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, both using s-Cr alone to predict renal function. MCCULLOUGH'S formula was used to assess the risk of CIN requiring dialysis at an I-dose/GFR ratio=1 with LOCM. Results: The coronary investigations revealed a linear correlation with a correlation coefficient between the I-dose/GFR ratio and the frequency of CIN-1 and CIN-2 of 0.91 (P<0.001) and 0.84 (P=0.001), respectively. At a mean I-dose/GFR ratio=1, the regression line indicated a 10% risk of CIN-1 and a 1% risk of CIN-2. At a mean I-dose/ GFR ratio=3, the risk of CIN-1 and CIN-2 increased to about 50% and 15%, respectively. Pooled weighted data from the CT investigations revealed a 12% risk of CIN-1 at a mean I-dose/GFR ratio = 1.1 and no cases of CIN-2. The maximum CM dose according to an I-dose/GFR ratio=1 was about 30-50% of that of both CIGARROA'S formula and the "European consensus" in elderly low-weight individuals, while it was similar for middle-aged individuals weighing about 90 kg. MCCULLOUGH'S formula suggests that there will be an exponentially increasing risk of CIN requiring dialysis, but at an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 and using LOCM it will not exceed 1% until GFR decreases below 30 ml/min in diabetics and below 20 ml/min in non-diabetics. Conclusion: Using the I-dose/GFR ratio may be a more expedient way of improving risk assessment of CIN than today's common practice of estimating CM dose from volume alone and renal function from s-Cr alone. Prospective studies based on individual patient data are encouraged to define the risk of CIN at various I-dose/GFR ratios and correlated to type of CM, examination, risk factors, etc.
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| 33. |
- Perers, Bengt, et al.
(author)
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Solceller 1996
- 1996
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)
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| 34. |
- Revesz, R L, et al.
(author)
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The social cost of carbon: A global imperative
- 2017
-
In: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1750-6824 .- 1750-6824 .- 1750-6816. ; 11:1, s. 172-173
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 35. |
- Rydberg Sterner, Therese, et al.
(author)
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The Gothenburg H70 Birth cohort study 2014-16: design, methods and study population.
- 2019
-
In: European journal of epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7284 .- 0393-2990. ; 34:2, s. 191-209
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To improve health care for older persons, we need to learn more about ageing, e.g. identify protective factors and early markers for diseases. The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) are multidisciplinary epidemiological studies examining representative birth cohorts of older populations in Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, six birth cohorts of 70-year-olds have been examined over time, and examinations have been virtually identical between studies. This paper describes the study procedures for the baseline examination of the Birth cohort 1944, conducted in 2014-16. In this study, all men and women born 1944 on specific dates, and registered as residents in Gothenburg, were eligible for participation (n=1839). A total of 1203 (response rate 72.2%; 559 men and 644 women; mean age 70.5years) agreed to participate in the study. The study comprised sampling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, psychiatric, cognitive, and physical health examinations, examinations of genetics and family history, use of medications, social factors, functional ability and disability, physical fitness and activity, body composition, lung function, audiological and ophthalmological examinations, diet, brain imaging, as well as a close informant interview, and qualitative studies. As in previous examinations, data collection serves as a basis for future longitudinal follow-up examinations. The research gained from the H70 studies has clinical relevance in relation to prevention, early diagnosis, clinical course, experience of illness, understanding pathogenesis and prognosis. Results will increase our understanding of ageing and inform service development, which may lead to enhanced quality of care for older persons.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Ala-Laurinaho, J., et al.
(author)
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TUMESA - MEMS tuneable metamaterials for smart wireless applications
- 2012
-
In: European Microwave Week 2012: "Space for Microwaves", EuMW 2012, Conference Proceedings - 7th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, EuMIC 2012. - : IEEE. - 9782874870286 ; , s. 95-98
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the main results of the EU FP7 project TUMESA - MEMS tuneable metamaterials for smart wireless applications. In this project, we studied several reconfigurable antenna approaches that combine the new technology of MEMS with the new concept of artificial electromagnetic materials and surfaces (metamaterials and metasurfaces) for realisation of millimetre wave phase shifters and beam-steering devices. MEMS technology allows to miniaturise electronic components, reduce their cost in batch production, and effectively compete with semiconductor and ferroelectric based technologies in terms of losses at millimetre wavelengths. Novel tuneable materials and components proposed in this project perform as smart beam steering devices. Fabricated with MEMS technology in batch and on a single chip, proposed tuneable devices allow substituting of larger and more complex sub-system of, e.g., a radar sensor. This substitution provides a dramatic cost reduction on a system level.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Appendino, G, et al.
(author)
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Oligomeric acylphloroglucinols from myrtle (Myrtus communis)
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 65:3, s. 334-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The dimeric nonprenylated acylphloroglucinol semimyrtucommulone (6) was obtained from the leaves of. myrtle (Myrtus communis) as a 2:1 mixture of two rotamers. The known trimeric phloroglucinol myrtucommulone A (1) was also isolated and characterized spectroscopically as a silylated cyclized derivative (5). Myrtucommulone A showed significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinically relevant bacteria, while semimyrtucommulone was less active.
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| 44. |
- Appendino, G, et al.
(author)
-
SERCA-inhibiting activity of C-19 terpenolides from Thapsia garganica and their possible biogenesis
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Natural Products. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0163-3864 .- 1520-6025. ; 68:8, s. 1213-1217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An investigation of Thapsia garganica afforded a series of tetracyclic C-19 dilactones, whose production was dependent on the time and location of the collection. These unusual tetrahomosesquiterpenoids are presumably biosynthesized via a carbon dioxide-triggered electrophilic polyolefin cyclization. Despite the structural differences with thapsigargin, these compounds showed SERCA-inhibiting properties.
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| 45. |
- Aqueveque, P, et al.
(author)
-
Favolon B, a new triterpenoid isolated from the Chilean Mycena sp strain 96180
- 2005
-
In: Journal of Antibiotics. - 0021-8820. ; 58:1, s. 61-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon B (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of Mycena sp. strain 96180. Favolon B showed antifungal activities towards Botrytis cinerea, Mucor miehei, Paecilomyces variotii and Penicillium notatum. No activities were observed against bacteria and yeasts. The structure of favolon B was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques.
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| 46. |
- Aqueveque, Pedro M., et al.
(author)
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The impact of Andean Patagonian mycoflora in the search for new lead molecules
- 2017
-
In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923. ; 1401, s. 5-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Secondary metabolites from fungi have become a major source of chemical innovation in programs searching for lead molecules with bioactivities, especially over the last 50 years. In this review, we discuss the fundamental considerations in the discovery of molecules for agricultural and medicinal uses. This group of organisms possesses a strong potential for scientific and industrial communities. Recently, the incorporation of new technologies for the artificial cultivation of fungi and the use of better equipment to isolate and identify active metabolites has allowed the discovery of leading molecules for the design of new and safer drugs and pesticides. The geographical region including the Patagonian Andes mountains harbors a wide diversity of fungi, many of them still unknown and so far associated with Chilean-Argentinian Andean endemic forests. There have been very few chemical studies of the fungi located in this region. However, those few studies have allowed the discovery of new molecules. We argue that the richness of fungal biodiversity in this region offers an interesting source for the discovery of bioactive molecules for the basic and applied sciences.
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| 47. |
- Arokiasamy, Perianayagam, et al.
(author)
-
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low-and Middle-Income Countries : Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
- 2017
-
In: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 185:6, s. 414-428
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults aged >= 50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (2007-2010; n = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6 conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were: 1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease. Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries, indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low-and middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95% CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1, 95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of NCDs in local health-care systems.
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| 48. |
- Bautista, D M, et al.
(author)
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Pungent products from garlic activate the sensory ion channel TRPA1
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 102:34, s. 12248-12252
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Garlic belongs to the Allium family of plants that produce organosulfur compounds, such as allicin and diallyl disulfide (DADS), which account for their pungency and spicy aroma. Many health benefits have been ascribed to Allium extracts, including hypotensive and vasorelaxant activities. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Intriguingly, allicin and DADS share structural similarities with allyl isothiocyanate, the pungent ingredient in wasabi and other mustard plants that induces pain and inflammation by activating TRPA1, an excitatory ion channel on primary sensory neurons of the pain pathway. Here we show that allicin and DADS excite an allyl isothiocyanate-sensitive subpopulation of sensory neurons and induce vasodilation by activating capsaicin-sensitive perivascular sensory nerve endings. Moreover, allicin and DADS activate the cloned TRPA1 channel when expressed in heterologous systems. These and other results suggest that garlic excites sensory neurons primarily through activation of TRPA1. Thus different plant genera, including Allium and Brassica, have developed evolutionary convergent strategies that target TRPA1 channels on sensory nerve endings to achieve chemical deterrence.
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| 49. |
- Bergquist, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Structure-activity relationships for unsaturated dialdehydes 8( *). Comparative effects of 10 sesquiterpenoids on the sea urchin gamete fertilization.
- 1993
-
In: Toxicology in Vitro. - 0887-2333 .- 1879-3177. ; 7:3, s. 205-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of 10 sesquiterpenoids with unsaturated dialdehyde functionalities were studied on fertilization, first cleavage, and calcium permeability of egg membranes of sea urchin gametes. Fertilization was inhibited by nine compounds when sperm was exposed and by five compounds when eggs were exposed (50 mug/ml for 5 min). All compounds except one (9alpha-hydroxymerulidial) inhibited the first cleavage in a dose-response manner. Only one compound (velleral) increased the Ca(2+) permeability of egg membranes at 20 mug/ml. All compounds reduced to a varying extent the ATP-driven Ca(2+) sequestration by non-mitochondrial intracellular compartments. In general, when hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated derivatives of the compounds are compared, the hydroxylated ones present a lower toxicity when measuring fertilization and cleavage inhibition, and reduction of intracellular Ca(2+) sequestration.
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| 50. |
- Bertani, Federico, et al.
(author)
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Triptycene-Roofed Quinoxaline Cavitands for the Supramolecular Detection of BTEX in Air
- 2016
-
In: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 22, s. 3312-3319
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two novel triptycene quinoxaline cavitands (DiTriptyQxCav and MonoTriptyQxCav) have been designed, synthesized, and applied in the supramolecular detection of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in air. The complexation properties of the two cavitands towards aromatics in the solid state are strengthened by the presence of the triptycene moieties at the upper rim of the tetraquinoxaline walls, promoting the confinement of the aromatic hydrocarbons within the cavity. The two cavitands were used as fiber coatings for solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) BTEX monitoring in air. The best performances in terms of enrichment factors, selectivity, and LOD (limit of detection) values were obtained by using the DiTriptyQxCav coating. The corresponding SPME fiber was successfully tested under real urban monitoring conditions, outperforming the commercial divinylbenzene–Carboxen–polydimethylsiloxane (DVB–CAR–PDMS) fiber in BTEX adsorption.
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