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| 11. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(author)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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In: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 12. |
- Obers, Niels A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review
- 2022
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In: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-6410 .- 1873-2224. ; 125
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 “Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach”, is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.
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| 13. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(author)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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In: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 14. |
- Altstadt, S.G., et al.
(author)
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B-13,B-14(n,gamma) via Coulomb Dissociation for Nucleosynthesis towards the r-Process
- 2014
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In: Nuclear Data Sheets. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9904 .- 0090-3752. ; 120, s. 197-200
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radioactive beams of 14,15B produced by fragmentation of a primary 40Ar beam were directed onto a Pb target to investigate the neutron breakup within the Coulomb field. The experiment was performed at the LAND/R3B setup. Preliminary results for the Coulomb dissociation cross sections as well as for the astrophysically interesting inverse reactions, 13,14B(n,γ), are presented.
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| 15. |
- Heine, M., et al.
(author)
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Determination of the neutron-capture rate of C-17 for r-process nucleosynthesis
- 2017
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In: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 95:1, s. Article no 014613 -
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the (RB)-B-3-LAND setup at GSI we have measured exclusive relative-energy spectra of the Coulomb dissociation of C-18 at a projectile energy around 425A MeV on a lead target, which are needed to determine the radiative neutron-capture cross sections of C-17 into the ground state of C-18. Those data have been used to constrain theoretical calculations for transitions populating excited states in C-18. This allowed to derive the astrophysical cross section sigma(n gamma)*. accounting for the thermal population of C-17 target states in astrophysical scenarios. The experimentally verified capture rate is significantly lower than those of previously obtained Hauser-Feshbach estimations at temperatures T-9
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| 16. |
- Thies, Ronja, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Systematic investigation of projectile fragmentation using beams of unstable B and C isotopes
- 2016
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 93:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Models describing nuclear fragmentation and fragmentation fission deliver important input for planning nuclear physics experiments and future radioactive ion beam facilities. These models are usually benchmarked against data from stable beam experiments. In the future, two-step fragmentation reactions with exotic nuclei as stepping stones are a promising tool for reaching the most neutron-rich nuclei, creating a need for models to describe also these reactions. Purpose: We want to extend the presently available data on fragmentation reactions towards the light exotic region on the nuclear chart. Furthermore, we want to improve the understanding of projectile fragmentation especially for unstable isotopes. Method: We have measured projectile fragments from C10,12-18 and B10-15 isotopes colliding with a carbon target. These measurements were all performed within one experiment, which gives rise to a very consistent data set. We compare our data to model calculations. Results: One-proton removal cross sections with different final neutron numbers (1pxn) for relativistic C10,12-18 and B10-15 isotopes impinging on a carbon target. Comparing model calculations to the data, we find that the epax code is not able to describe the data satisfactorily. Using abrabla07 on the other hand, we find that the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon needs to be decreased from 27 MeV to 8.1 MeV. With that decrease abrabla07 describes the data surprisingly well. Conclusions: Extending the available data towards light unstable nuclei with a consistent set of new data has allowed a systematic investigation of the role of the excitation energy induced in projectile fragmentation. Most striking is the apparent mass dependence of the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon. Nevertheless, this parameter, which has been related to final-state interactions, requires further study.
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| 17. |
- Caesar, C., et al.
(author)
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Beyond the neutron drip line: The unbound oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26
- 2013
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 88:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The very neutron-rich oxygen isotopes O-25 and O-26 are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The unbound states are populated in an experiment performed at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI via proton-knockout reactions from F-26 and F-27 at relativistic energies around 442 and 414 MeV/nucleon, respectively. From the kinematically complete measurement of the decay into O-24 plus one or two neutrons, the O-25 ground-state energy and width are determined, and upper limits for the O-26 ground-state energy and lifetime are extracted. In addition, the results provide indications for an excited state in O-26 at around 4 MeV. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical shell-model calculations based on chiral two- and three-nucleon (3N) forces, including for the first time residual 3N forces, which are shown to be amplified as valence neutrons are added.
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| 18. |
- Dumitrescu, B, et al.
(author)
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On the parameterization of positive real sequences and MA parameter estimation
- 2001
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In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1053-587X. ; 49:11, s. 2630-2639
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An algorithm for moving average (MA) parameter estimation was recently proposed by Stoica et al. Its key step (covariance fitting) is a semidefinite programming (SDP) problem with two convex constraints: one reflecting the real positiveness of the desired
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| 19. |
- Gershman, A. B., et al.
(author)
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Stochastic Cramér-Rao bound for direction estimation in unknown noise fields
- 2002
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In: IEE Proceedings - Radar Sonar and Navigation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-2395 .- 1359-7086. ; 149:1, s. 2-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stochastic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) plays an important role in array processing because several advanced high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods are known to achieve this bound asymptotically. In the paper, the stochastic CRB on the DOA estimation accuracy is studied in the general case of an arbitrary unknown noise field parameterised by a vector of unknowns. Explicit closed-form expressions for the CRB are derived and its properties are examined theoretically and by practically relevant numerical examples.
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| 20. |
- Gershman, Alex B., et al.
(author)
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The stochastic CRB for array processing in unknown noise fields
- 2001
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In: 2001 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 0780370414 ; , s. 2989-2992
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stochastic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) plays an important role in array processing because several high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation methods are known to achieve this bound asymptotically. In this paper, we study the stochastic CRB on DOA estimation accuracy in the general case of arbitrary unknown noise field parametrized by a vector of unknowns. We derive explicit closed-form expressions for the CRB and examine its properties theoretically and by representative numerical examples.
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| 23. |
- Leta, Tesfaye H., et al.
(author)
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The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania
- 2023
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 94, s. 416-425
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose — Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and methods — This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010–2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Den-mark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. Results — ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). Conclusion — The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.
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| 26. |
- Osama, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Online Learning for Prediction via Covariance Fitting : Computation, Performance and Robustness
- 2023
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In: Transactions on Machine Learning Research. - : Transactions on Machine Learning Research. - 2835-8856.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider the online learning of linear smoother predictors based on a covariance model of the outcomes. To control its degrees of freedom in an appropriate manner, the covariance model parameters are often learned using cross-validation or maximum-likelihood techniques. However, neither technique is suitable when training data arrives in a streaming fashion. Here we consider a covariance-fitting method to learn the model parameters, initially used in spectral estimation. We show that this results in a computation efficient online learning method in which the resulting predictor can be updated sequentially. We prove that, with high probability, its out-of-sample error approaches the minimum achievable level at root-$n$ rate. Moreover, we show that the resulting predictor enjoys two different robustness properties. First, it minimizes the out-of-sample error with respect to the least favourable distribution within a given Wasserstein distance from the empirical distribution. Second, it is robust against errors in the covariate training data. We illustrate the performance of the proposed method in a numerical experiment.
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| 29. |
- Pijls, B. G., et al.
(author)
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MoM total hip replacements in Europe: a NORE report
- 2019
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In: Efort Open Reviews. - : Bioscientifica. - 2058-5241 .- 2396-7544. ; 4:6, s. 423-429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacement (THR) in European registries, to assess the incidence of revision surgery and to describe the national follow-up guidelines for patients with MoM THR including resurfacings. Eleven registries of the Network of Orthopaedic Registries of Europe (NORE) participated totalling 54 434 resurfacings and 58 498 large stemmed MoM THRs. The resurfacings and stemmed large head MoM had higher pooled revision rates at five years than the standard total hip arthroplasties (THA): 6.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3 to 6.8 for resurfacings; 6.9%, 95% CI 4.4 to 9.4 for stemmed large head MoM; and 3.0%, 95% CI 2.5 to 3.6 for conventional THA. The resurfacings and stemmed large head MoM had higher pooled revision rates at ten years than the standard THAs: 12.1%, 95% CI 11.0 to 13.3 for resurfacings; 15.5%, 95% CI 9.0 to 22 for stemmed large head MoM; and 5.1%, 95% CI 3.8 to 6.4 for conventional THA. Although every national registry reports slightly different protocols for follow-up, these mostly consist of annual assessments of cobalt and chromium levels in blood and MRI (MARS) imaging.
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| 30. |
- Roziková, M., et al.
(author)
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Electrolytic conductivity at pure water level final report
- 2020
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In: Metrologia. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 58:1 A
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrolytic conductivity in aqueous solutions is one of the most common electrochemical measurement techniques in industry. Since it is sensitive to the amount content of dissolved ions in a solution, a limiting value for conductivity is a clear and simple quality criterium for the ionic purity of water. The relevant measuring range for pure water applications is roughly between 0.055 μS cm-1 (ultrapure water) and 150 μS cm-1 at 25 °C. For instance, the European, Japanese and United States (USP) Pharmacopoeia have specified the requirements for purified water, highly purified water and water for injection for pharmaceutical use based on conductiv-ity. Sectors that also use conductivity limits for water purity are electrical power production, food industry, electronic industry and analytical laboratories. At low conductivity levels it is not feasible to circulate water samples for comparison measure-ments, since the conductivity value is instable due to inevitable ionic contamination. The main contamination results from carbon dioxide in ambient air that dissolves in water and builds H3O+ and hydrogen carbonate ions. The contribution of these ions to conductivity is around 1 μS cm-1. Hence, it is impossible to provide stable samples having usable uncertainties in the conductivity range of interest. EURAMET 1271, performed in 2013, was the first successful comparison measurement of pure water conductivity. In the meanwhile, more NMIs, the majority of which is situated in Europe, have built measurement capabilities in the pure water range. EURAMRET 1271 covered a measurement range up to 50 μS cm-1, whereas more and more customers request conductivity cell calibration in the range up to 150 μS cm-1. Consequently, this comparison intends to extend the measurement range and to enable more NMIs to get support for potential CMCs. Therefore, this comparison is additionally intended being a supplementary CCQM comparison. A commercial conductivity measurement meter, including a conductivity measurement cell, was used for the comparison in a Round-Robin scheme. The devices were provided by PTB and were sent from one institute to another. Each institute had to measure the conductivity of a reference solution using the conductivity meter. The reference solution could either be pure water or a measurement standard solution that was reasonably stable in the range of interest. In the first scheme, the cell had to be integrated in a closed pure water flow though system to minimize impurification by CO2. An adequate fixture for this setup was provided by PTB. In the second scheme, the cell was immersed into the measurement standard solution under tem-perature-controlled conditions. Essentially, the institutes had to report the conductivity values indicated by the conductivity meter and the conductivity reference value assigned to the water in the flow though system or that of the measurement standard solution, respectively. The co-ordinating institute calculated adjusted cell constants for the cell from the reported values, which were used to calculate linking conductivities, the actual quantities to be finally compared. The results showed good equivalence in all conductivity ranges, with only a few inconsistent values. Adequate comparison reference values are suggested that can serve to calculate robust degrees of equivalences for the participants usable to support respective CMC claims.
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| 31. |
- Röder, M., et al.
(author)
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Coulomb dissociation of 20,21 N
- 2016
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993 .- 0556-2813. ; 93:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutron-rich light nuclei and their reactions play an important role in the creation of chemical elements. Here, data from a Coulomb dissociation experiment on N20,21 are reported. Relativistic N20,21 ions impinged on a lead target and the Coulomb dissociation cross section was determined in a kinematically complete experiment. Using the detailed balance theorem, the N19(n,γ)N20 and N20(n,γ)N21 excitation functions and thermonuclear reaction rates have been determined. The N19(n,γ)N20 rate is up to a factor of 5 higher at T
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| 32. |
- Stoica, P, et al.
(author)
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Maximum likelihood array processing for stochastic coherent sources
- 1996
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In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1053-587X. ; 44:1, s. 96-105
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation in array signal processing for the stochastic noncoherent signal case is well documented in the literature, Herein, we focus on the equally relevant case of stochastic coherent signals, Explicit large-sample realizations
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Stoica, P, et al.
(author)
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The evil of superefficiency
- 1996
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In: SIGNAL PROCESSING. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0165-1684. ; 55:1, s. 133-136
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We discuss the intriguing notion of statistical superefficiency in a straightforward manner with a minimum of formality. We point out that for any given parameter estimator there exist other estimators which have a strictly lower asymptotic variance and h
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| 35. |
- Stoica, Petre, et al.
(author)
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The stochastic CRB for array processing: a textbook derivation
- 2001
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In: IEEE Signal Processing Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1070-9908 .- 1558-2361. ; 8:5, s. 148-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The stochastic Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for direction estimation in array processing applications was indirectly derived some ten years ago as the (asymptotic) covariance matrix of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. Attempts to obtain the stochastic CRB directly via the CRB theory fell short of providing a simple derivation and consequently, no direct derivation of this useful performance bound was available in the open literature. we correct this situation by providing a textbook-like direct derivation of the stochastic CRB.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Tempel, E., et al.
(author)
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An optimized tiling pattern for multiobject spectroscopic surveys : Application to the 4MOST survey
- 2020
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 497:4, s. 4626-4643
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large multiobject spectroscopic surveys require automated algorithms to optimize their observing strategy. One of the most ambitious upcoming spectroscopic surveys is the 4MOST survey. The 4MOST survey facility is a fibre-fed spectroscopic instrument on the VISTA telescope with a large enough field of view to survey a large fraction of the southern sky within a few years. Several Galactic and extragalactic surveys will be carried out simultaneously, so the combined target density will strongly vary. In this paper, we describe a new tiling algorithm that can naturally deal with the large target density variations on the sky and which automatically handles the different exposure times of targets. The tiling pattern is modelled as a marked point process, which is characterized by a probability density that integrates the requirements imposed by the 4MOST survey. The optimal tilling pattern with respect to the defined model is estimated by the tiles configuration that maximizes the proposed probability density. In order to achieve this maximization a simulated annealing algorithm is implemented. The algorithm automatically finds an optimal tiling pattern and assigns a tentative sky brightness condition and exposure time for each tile, while minimizing the total execution time that is needed to observe the list of targets in the combined input catalogue of all surveys. Hence, the algorithm maximizes the long-term observing efficiency and provides an optimal tiling solution for the survey. While designed for the 4MOST survey, the algorithm is flexible and can with simple modifications be applied to any other multiobject spectroscopic survey.
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| 38. |
- Viberg, M, et al.
(author)
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Maximum likelihood array processing in spatially correlated noise fields using parameterized signals
- 1997
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In: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1053-587X. ; 45:4, s. 996-1004
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper deals with the problem of estimating signal parameters using an array of sensors, This problem is of interest in a variety of applications, such as radar and sonar source localization, A vast number of estimation techniques have been proposed i
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Wågberg, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Prediction Performance After Learning in Gaussian Process Regression
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. - Brookline : PMLR. ; , s. 1264-1272
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper considers the quantification of the prediction performance in Gaussian process regression. The standard approach is to base the prediction error bars on the theoretical predictive variance, which is a lower bound on the mean square-error (MSE). This approach, however, does not take into account that the statistical model is learned from the data. We show that this omission leads to a systematic underestimation of the prediction errors. Starting from a generalization of the Cramér-Rao bound, we derive a more accurate MSE bound which provides a measure of uncertainty for prediction of Gaussian processes. The improved bound is easily computed and we illustrate it using synthetic and real data examples.
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| 43. |
- Xie, Y, et al.
(author)
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Multi-static adaptive microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection
- 2005
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In: Conference Record of The Thirty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers. - 1424401313 ; , s. 285-289
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose a new multi-static adaptive microwaveimaging (MAMI) method for early breast cancer detection.MAMI is a two-stage robust Capon beamforming (RCB) basedimage formation algorithm. MAMI exhibits higher resolution,lower sidelobes, and better noise and interference rejectioncapabilities than the existing approaches. The effectiveness ofusing MAMI for breast cancer detection is demonstrated via asimulated 3-D breast model and several numerical examples.
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| 44. |
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