| 1. |
- Evans Axelsson, Susan, et al.
(author)
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Targeting free prostate-specific antigen for in vivo imaging of prostate cancer using a monoclonal antibody specific for unique epitopes accessible on free prostate-specific antigen alone
- 2012
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In: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 27:4, s. 243-251
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the feasibility of targeting the free, unbound forms of prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) for in vivo imaging of prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa), as PSA is produced and secreted at abundance during every clinical stage and grade of PCa, including castration-resistant disease. We injected 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody PSA30 (specific for an epitope uniquely accessible on fPSA alone) intravenously in male nude mice carrying subcutaneous xenografts of LNCaP tumors (n=36). Mice were sacrificed over a time course from 4 hours to 13 days after injecting 125I-labeled PSA30. Tissue uptake of 125I-PSA30 at 48 and 168 hours after intravenous injection was compared with two clinically used positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals, 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) or 18F-choline, in cryosections using Digital AutoRadiography (DAR) and also compared with immunohistochemical staining of PSA and histopathology. On DAR, the areas with high 125I-PSA30 uptake corresponded mainly to morphologically intact and PSA-producing LNCaP cells, but did not associate with the areas of high uptake of either 18F-FDG or 18F-choline. Biodistribution of 125I-PSA30 measured in dissected organs ex vivo during 4 to 312 hours after intravenous injection demonstrated maximum selective tumor uptake 24–48 hours after antibody injection. Our data showed selective uptake in vivo of a monoclonal antibody highly specific for fPSA in LNCaP cells. Hence, in vivo imaging of fPSA may be feasible with putative usefulness in disseminated PCa.
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| 2. |
- Veach, Darren R., et al.
(author)
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PSA-Targeted Alpha-, Beta-, and Positron-emitting immunotheranostics in murine prostate cancer models and nonhuman primates
- 2021
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 27:7, s. 2050-2060
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Most patients with prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors develop therapeutic resistance due to restoration of AR functionality. Thus, there is a critical need for novel treatment approaches. Here we investigate the theranostic potential of hu5A10, a humanized mAb specifically targeting free PSA (KLK3). Experimental Design: LNCaP-AR (LNCaP with overexpression of wildtype AR) xenografts (NSG mice) and KLK3-Hi- Myc transgenic mice were imaged with 89Zr- or treated with 90Y- or 225Ac-labeled hu5A10; biodistribution and subcellular localization were analyzed by gamma counting, PET, autoradiography, and microscopy. Therapeutic efficacy of [225Ac]hu5A10 and [90Y]hu5A10 in LNCaP-AR tumors was assessed by tumor volume measurements, time to nadir (TTN), time to progression (TTP), and survival. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 in nonhuman primates (NHP) were determined using PET. Results: Biodistribution of radiolabeled hu5A10 constructs was comparable in different mouse models. Specific tumor uptake increased over time and correlated with PSA expression. Treatment with [90Y]/[225Ac]hu5A10 effectively reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival (P ≤ 0.0054). Effects of [90Y]hu5A10 were more immediate than [225Ac]hu5A10 (TTN, P < 0.0001) but less sustained (TTP, P < 0.0001). Complete responses were observed in 7 of 18 [225Ac]hu5A10 and 1 of 9 mice [90Y]hu5A10. Pharmacokinetics of [89Zr]hu5A10 were consistent between NHPs and comparable with those in mice. [89Zr]hu5A10-PET visualized the NHP-prostate over the 2-week observation period. Conclusions: We present a complete preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled hu5A10 in mouse prostate cancer models and NHPs, and establish hu5A10 as a new theranostic agent that allows highly specific and effective downstream targeting of AR in PSAexpressing tissue. Our data support the clinical translation of radiolabeled hu5A10 for treating prostate cancer.
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| 3. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(author)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Helen, 1968-
(author)
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TV:s nyhetsprogram som interaktion
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the last third of the 20th century, Swedish public and social life underwent an informalization process. The television news programmes today display the results of this development (and other trends) involving more dramaturgic variation, interactive elements, informalization and "cosiness".This thesis deals with interaction in television news from a viewer's point of view. The general purpose of the work has been to investigate the newsanchor's interaction with the viewers, the colleagues and the studio guests. The aim has been to describe the characteristic features of this interaction by using analytical tools from interactional sociolinguistics, particulary those concerning contextualization cues.The material consists of 11.5 hours of videotaped studio talk from three different news programmes (Aktuellt, Nyheterna and Tvärsnytt) during 1997–1998. The material– transcribed in extenso–is limited to the verbal and non-verbal activity of the newsreaders in four interactional situations: the newsreaders' monological quasi-interaction with the viewers, handovers, interviews with colleagues and with guests.The pervasive idea of the thesis is that news programmes can been seen as dramas in which the participants play certain roles. By using a number of devices, the participants enact these roles before the eyes of the viewers. The interaction can therefore be seen as an act performed for the benefit of the viewers. The theorethical basis for the dissortation is Goffman's ideas about participation structure (animator, author, principal, authorized and unauthorized listener), self-presentation, and framing. Of great importance is also Gumperz' notion of contextualization.The investigation shows that the newsreader uses a variety of contextualization cues and lets verbal and non-verbal means interplay to make contact with the viewers, e.g. you-pronouns, smiles, greetings and reminders. The interaction on the screen also displays an hierarchical order–the newsanchor steers the others' contributions. He/she also assigns to colleagues and guests different interactional roles. The reporter may alternately play the role of eyewitness, expert, analyst/speculator and commentator. The guest is called in to act either as expert, confrontation target, analyst/commentator, or representative.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Kent, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Introduktion till Operationsanalys : En antologi med essäer av studerande i militärteknik 2011
- 2012
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I ämnesplanen definieras militärteknik som ”den vetenskap som beskriver och förklarar hur tekniken inverkar på militär verksamhet på alla nivåer, strategisk, operativ och taktisk, samt hur officersprofessionen påverkar och påverkas av tekniken.”[1] En militärteknikers uppgift brukar, utgående från definitionen, uttryckas som att beskriva och förklara den militära nyttan med tekniken. För att kunna göra detta behövs verktyg. Och många av dem kommer från den vetenskapliga disciplinen Operationsanalys.Syftet med den här antologin är att introducera studerande i militärteknik på Försvarshögskolan till två av de mest refererade boktitlarna i operationsanalys – Methods for conducting military operational analysis editerad av Andrew G. Loerch och Larry B. Rainey samt Military Operations Research, quantitative decision making av N.K. Jaiswal.Kapitlen utgörs av essäer skrivna av studerande på den högre stabsofficersutbildningen med teknisk inriktning, som examinationsuppgift i en fördjupningskurs. Essäerna är till del referat av kapitel i de två böckerna ovan, men kryddade med exempel satta i svenskt sammanhang och med de studerandes egen värdering av metodernas användbarhet.[1]Försvarshögskolan, Ämnesplan militärteknik, 2007.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Hans, 1947, et al.
(author)
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Effects of the Two-Way Communication Checklist (2-COM): A one-year cluster randomized study in a group of severely mentally ill persons
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 60:1, s. 95-102
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a health-care service with the emphasis on improvement related to functioning and well-being, the communication process between patient and professionals is essential. There is a lack of research on this matter. Aim: The aim was to investigate, in a group of severely mentally ill persons, whether the use of a simple communication tool could influence the sense of empowerment, satisfaction with care, therapeutic alliance and unmet needs. Method: The study had a cluster randomized design. The intervention was a communication tool (2-COM) applied in two teams during one year. In a comparison group of two other teams, the treatment was as usual. At baseline, after six months, and after one year, assessments were made. Results: After one year the 2-COM groups seemed to have a larger reduction in unmet needs compared to the treatment-as-usual group. However, there were large problems with attrition in the study, and it was not possible to draw relevant conclusions. Conclusions: The methodological problems were substantial, and the study may be considered as a pilot study. In a main study the researchers ought to take control over the selection of patients on the basis of the experiences from this study.
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| 9. |
- Aslam, Tayyba N., et al.
(author)
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A survey of preferences for respiratory support in the intensive care unit for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
- 2023
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In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 67:10, s. 1383-1394
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundWhen caring for mechanically ventilated adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), clinicians are faced with an uncertain choice between ventilator modes allowing for spontaneous breaths or ventilation fully controlled by the ventilator. The preferences of clinicians managing such patients, and what motivates their choice of ventilator mode, are largely unknown. To better understand how clinicians preferences may impact the choice of ventilatory support for patients with AHRF, we issued a survey to an international network of intensive care unit (ICU) researchers.MethodsWe distributed an online survey with 32 broadly similar and interlinked questions on how clinicians prioritise spontaneous or controlled ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with AHRF of different severity, and which factors determine their choice.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1337 recipients in 12 countries. Of these, 415 (31%) completed the survey either fully (52%) or partially (48%). Most respondents were identified as medical specialists (87%) or physicians in training (11%). Modes allowing for spontaneous ventilation were considered preferable in mild AHRF, with controlled ventilation considered as progressively more important in moderate and severe AHRF. Among respondents there was strong support (90%) for a randomised clinical trial comparing spontaneous with controlled ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.ConclusionsThe responses from this international survey suggest that there is clinical equipoise for the preferred ventilator mode in patients with AHRF of moderate severity. We found strong support for a randomised trial comparing modes of ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bicak, Mesude, et al.
(author)
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Genetic signature of prostate cancer mouse models resistant to optimized hK2 targeted α-particle therapy
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 117:26, s. 15172-15181
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hu11B6 is a monoclonal antibody that internalizes in cells expressing androgen receptor (AR)-regulated prostate-specific enzyme human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2; KLK2). In multiple rodent models, Actinium-225-labeled hu11B6-IgG1 ([225Ac]hu11B6-IgG1) has shown promising treatment efficacy. In the present study, we investigated options to enhance and optimize [225Ac]hu11B6 treatment. First, we evaluated the possibility of exploiting IgG3, the IgG subclass with superior activation of complement and ability to mediate FC-γ-receptor binding, for immunotherapeutically enhanced hK2 targeted α-radioimmunotherapy. Second, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of a single high activity vs. fractionated activity. Finally, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the genomic signatures of prostate cancer that progressed after targeted α-therapy. [225Ac]hu11B6-IgG3 was a functionally enhanced alternative to [225Ac]hu11B6-IgG1 but offered no improvement of therapeutic efficacy. Progression-free survival was slightly increased with a single high activity compared to fractionated activity. Tumor-free animals succumbing after treatment revealed no evidence of treatment-associated toxicity. In addition to up-regulation of canonical aggressive prostate cancer genes, such as MMP7, ETV1, NTS, and SCHLAP1, we also noted a significant decrease in both KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen ) and FOLH1 (prostate-specific membrane antigen) but not in AR and KLK2, demonstrating efficacy of sequential [225Ac]hu11B6 in a mouse model.
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| 12. |
- Blückert, Ann, 1957-
(author)
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Juridiska – ett nytt språk? : En studie av juridikstudenters språkliga inskolning
- 2010
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation considers the language socialization of law students. One message that the law students encounter is that legal Swedish is an entirely new language. The main aim is to investigate what linguistic norms are conveyed to the students through the teachers’ comments on the students’ texts and through various forms of writing instructions. The material consists of student texts with teacher comments and documentation on various phases of instruction with a focus on writing. Teacher comments on texts written during the first year of the law programme are analyzed and categorized. The analysis stems from two models. The first model is based on different text levels, like formal conventions of writing, sentence construction, text structure, word choice and style, and content. The second model distinguishes different linguistic norms based on three layers: The first layer consists of written language norms in general language practice, the second of academic language norms and the third of norms that are specific to the use of legal language. The results show that word choice and style is the most common category for the teachers’ comments in the first term of the law programme and content is the most common in the second term (with word choice and style the second most common). Formal conventions of writing, sentence structure and different types of grammatical constructions are some of the things the teachers criticize. Surprisingly few of the teachers’ comments concern more overarching aspects such as text structure or the aim and genre of the text. Comments are made on local features in the text, but rarely on more global features. The teaching practice that the writing of law students belongs to entails, among other things, that the students’ texts are assessed anonymously for the sake of fairness. This means that there is not much opportunity for a student to discuss the text with the teacher who commented on and assessed it. The construction of the teachers’ text comments is particularly important when dialogue between student and teacher on the text draft and final version is not an integral part of instruction. The teachers’ written comments are usually brief and do not allow much space for a consideration of linguistic norms and text patterns, which reduces the opportunities for the teachers and the law programme to contribute to a deeper linguistic awareness in the law students.
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| 13. |
- Blåsjö, Mona, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Studenternas examensarbeten
- 2006
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In: Textvård. - Stockholm : Norstedts Akademiska förlag. - 9172274727 ; , s. 73-84
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Allt fler svenskar ställs inför upgiften att skriva ett examensarbete på högskolan. Varför är det så svårt? Artikelförfattarna menar att många studenter har svårt att förstå uppgiftens karaktär: texten ska vara ett välargumenterat, faktabaserat inlägg i en pågående vetenskaplig diskussion. Också lärarna kan ha svårt att förmedla den insikten; den är på något sätt alltför självklar för dem.
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| 14. |
- Blåsjö, Mona, 1960-
(author)
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Studenters skrivande i två kunskapsbyggande miljöer
- 2004
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The subject of this study is student writing in its institutional setting, examining students’ texts, professional discourse and educational practices. Fieldwork for the study was conducted at the departments of History and Economics of Stockholm University. The general aim of the study is to increase our understanding of the relationships between student writing, educational settings and professional discourse. The theoretical framework is the sociocultural approach as outlined by Wertsch from Bakhtin and Vygotsky, and applied on writing research by above all Dysthe. The theoretical-methodological attempts are an operationalisation of the concept of dialogicity in different aspects and an application of the concept of mediational means at the linguistic level of text type or speech act.The type of dialogicity and epistemology of a setting is shown to have major influences on students’ writing. The epistemology of economics is defined as rationalistic, and that of history as critical-pluralistic. In economics, linear logical reasoning with clear-cut solutions is a key mediational means, while reasoning with a multitude of perspectives is given precedence in history. Students adjust their texts to the kind of dialogicity in the setting. However, in interviews, some students, mainly in economics, exhibit a resistance to the epistemology and mediational means of their discipline. This resistance seems not to influence their texts, but in all probability the depth of their learning. In addition, the socialisation seems to be a more prolonged process in economics. The reasons may be that the mediational means have a weak connection to students’ previous knowledge and that they are not collectively applied in economics to the same extent as in history.Thus, a pedagogical conclusion is that the important mediational means of a discipline should be collectively applied during study. Moreover, student writing should be considered in relation to students’ previous knowledge, their course of study and their future professional activity.
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| 15. |
- Bombarda, F., et al.
(author)
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Runaway electron beam control
- 2019
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 61:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Eriksson, Frida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Efficient generation of energetic ions in multi-ion plasmas by radio-frequency heating
- 2017
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In: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2481 .- 1745-2473. ; 13:10, s. 973-978
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe a new technique for the effcient generation of high-energy ions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in multi-ion plasmas. The discussed 'three-ion' scenarios are especially suited for strong wave absorption by a very low number of resonant ions. To observe this effect, the plasma composition has to be properly adjusted, as prescribed by theory. We demonstrate the potential of the method on the world-largest plasma magnetic confinement device, JET (Joint European Torus, Culham, UK), and the high-magnetic-field tokamak Alcator C-Mod (Cambridge, USA). The obtained results demonstrate effcient acceleration of 3He ions to high energies in dedicated hydrogen-deuterium mixtures. Simultaneously, effective plasma heating is observed, as a result of the slowing-down of the fast 3He ions. The developed technique is not only limited to laboratory plasmas, but can also be applied to explain observations of energetic ions in space-plasma environments, in particular, 3He-rich solar flares.
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Frida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Impact of fast ions on density peaking in JET : fluid and gyrokinetic modeling
- 2019
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 61:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of fast ions on turbulent particle transport, driven by ion temperature gradient (ITG)/trapped electron mode turbulence, is studied. Two neutral beam injection (NBI) heated JET discharges in different regimes are analyzed at the radial position rho(t) = 0.6, one of them an L-mode and the other one an H-mode discharge. Results obtained from the computationally efficient fluid model EDWM and the gyro-fluid model TGLF are compared to linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic GENE simulations as well as the experimentally obtained density peaking. In these models, the fast ions are treated as a dynamic species with a Maxwellian background distribution. The dependence of the zero particle flux density gradient (peaking factor) on fast ion density, temperature and corresponding gradients, is investigated. The simulations show that the inclusion of a fast ion species has a stabilizing influence on the ITG mode and reduces the peaking of the main ion and electron density profiles in the absence of sources. The models mostly reproduce the experimentally obtained density peaking for the L-mode discharge whereas the H-mode density peaking is significantly underpredicted, indicating the importance of the NBI particle source for the H-mode density profile.
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Frida, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Interpretative and predictive modelling of Joint European Torus collisionality scans
- 2019
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In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 61:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transport modelling of Joint European Torus (JET) dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments in various operational scenarios is presented. Interpretative simulations at a fixed radial position are combined with predictive JETTO simulations of temperatures and densities, using the TGLF transport model. The model includes electromagnetic effects and collisions as well as (E)over-right-arrow x (b)over-right-arrow shear in Miller geometry. Focus is on particle transport and the role of the neutral beam injection (NBI) particle source for the density peaking. The experimental 3-point collisionality scans include L-mode, and H-mode (D and H and higher beta D plasma) plasmas in a total of 12 discharges. Experimental results presented in (Tala et al 2017 44th EPS Conf.) indicate that for the H-mode scans, the NBI particle source plays an important role for the density peaking, whereas for the L-mode scan, the influence of the particle source is small. In general, both the interpretative and predictive transport simulations support the experimental conclusions on the role of the NBI particle source for the 12 JET discharges.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Fazendeiro, Luis, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Gyrokinetic simulations of turbulent transport in JET-like plasmas
- 2013
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In: 40th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics. ; 2, s. 1074-1077
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this work turbulent transport in JET-like plasma discharges is analyzed, with main emphasison impurity transport driven by ITG/TEM modes. Gyrokinetic (GK) simulations are performedusing the GENE code [1, 2], in both quasilinear (QL) and nonlinear (NL) mode,1 and the resultsare compared with a computationally efficient fluid model [3, 4]. Particle transport is quantifiedby locally finding density gradients (R/Ln ) that yield zero particle flux, signifying a balancebetween convective and diffusive transport.The impact of the magnetic equilibrium (circular, s − α and realistic magnetic geometry) onthe various models is discussed, as well as the effects of collisionality (in both fluid and GK)and the inclusion of a (2%) Carbon background (in GK), as per JET CFC wall conditions. Theeffect of sheared toroidal rotation was also investigated and found to be important, although notfor the particular JET discharge studied in this work.
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| 29. |
- Feridani, Amir, et al.
(author)
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Combined flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy for evaluation of BR96 antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization.
- 2007
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In: Cytometry Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4930 .- 1552-4922. ; 71A:6, s. 361-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are important tools in the management of tumor disease, and the discovery of antibodies with both specific cancer cell targeting and capacity to enter the cells by internalization are critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Method: Antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization properties of fluoroscein-conjugated mAb made against Lewis Y (BR96) were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by means of flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively, on cells from a rat tumor cell line (BN7005-H1D2). Results: The study demonstrated a specific binding of BR96 to LewisY (LeY) located in the cell membrane and as BR96/LeY immunocomplexes (BR96/LeY) internalized into the cytoplasm. BR96/LeY was internalized into about 15% of the cells, usually distributed throughout the cytoplasm, but also located close to the nuclei. Cytotoxic effects by BR96 were indicated, and CLSM visualized subpopulations containing cells with bound or internalized BR96/LeY that possessed morphologically pyknotic nuclei and disrupted DNA. Conclusion: The spatial-temporal pattern by BR96 cell targeting and internalization processes of BR96/LeY into the cancer cells expressing LeY was demonstrated by FCM and CLSM. Used together, the FCM and CLSM techniques provide a valuable tool for preclinical analyses of antibody targeting and their capacities as carriers of cytotoxic conjugates for the use in cancer therapy.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Fransson, Emil, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Comparing particle transport in JET and DIII-D plasmas: gyrokinetic and gyrofluid modelling
- 2021
-
In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 61:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Transport modelling, for two dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments at the Joint European Torus (JET) and DIII-D with three discharges each, is presented. Experimental data from JET (Tala et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 126030) and DIII-D (Mordijck et al 2020 Nucl. Fusion 60 066019) show a dissimilar dependence in the density peaking from the source and turbulent transport. The discharges from the JET collisionality scan show that the source is dominant for the density peaking, which is contrary to DIII-D where the transport is the main cause for the peaking. In this article, the different dependency on the source is studied by investigating the zero flux density gradient (peaking factor) at radial position rho(t) = 0.6 and by calculating the averaged perturbed diffusion and pinch between rho(t) = 0.5 and rho(t) = 0.8. Results show that the difference of the normalized temperature gradients have the largest and considerable impact on the peaking factor. The calculated diffusion and pinch showed good match with the experimental measured perturbed values. The calculated ratio of the particle balance pinch and diffusion explained the difference in peaking from turbulent transport, a high ratio for DIII-D yielding high peaking and a low ratio for JET yielding low peaking. However the particle balance diffusion, which suppresses the peaking from the source, was high for DIII-D and low for JET. Thusly, explaining the particle source much larger impact on the peaking at JET.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Fransson, Emil, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Upgrade and benchmark of quasi-linear transport model EDWM
- 2022
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In: Physics of Plasmas. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7674 .- 1070-664X. ; 29:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The verification of a new saturation rule applied to the quasi-linear fluid model EDWM (extended drift wave model) and the calibration of several other features are presented. As one of the computationally fastest first-principle-based core transport models, EDWM can include an arbitrary number of ions and charge states. This feature is especially important for experimental devices with plasma-facing components made of heavy elements, such as the upcoming ITER device. As a quasi-linear model, EDWM solves a linear dispersion relation to obtain the instabilities driving the turbulence and combines the linear description with an estimation of the saturation level of the electrostatic potential to determine the fluxes. A new saturation rule at the characteristic length combined with a spectral filter for the poloidal wavenumber dependency is developed. The shape of the filter has been fitted against the poloidal wavenumber dependency of the electrostatic potential from non-linear gyrokinetic simulations. Additionally, EDWM's collision frequency and safety factor dependencies, as well as the electron heat flux level, have been calibrated against gyrokinetic and gyrofluid results. Finally, the saturation level has been normalized against non-linear gyrokinetic simulations and later validated against experimental measured fluxes from 12 discharges at JET.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Enhanced radioimmunotargeting of 125I-labeled L6-biotin monoclonal antibody (MAb) by combining preload of cold L6 MAb and subsequent immunoadsorption in rats
- 1995
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In: Cancer Research. - 1538-7445. ; 55:23 Suppl, s. 5874-5880
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study investigates whether tumor:normal tissue uptake ratios of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can be further improved by a combination of extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) and preload with unlabeled idiotypic monoclonal antibody. Athymic rats, heterotransplanted with human lung carcinoma under the kidney capsule (SR tumor) and i.m. (IM tumor), were divided into four study groups: controls, ECIA, preload, and combined preload+ECIA. The preload+ECIA procedure reduced the whole-body and plasma activity by 48 and 89%, respectively. After such combined procedure, the uptake of 125I-labeled L6-biotin in SR tumors was unchanged, while the uptake in normal tissues was considerably reduced. Tumor (T):bone marrow ratio was then increased by 17.5 times (after ECIA) and by 4.5 times (24 h after ECIA). Similar enhancements were achieved for T:liver and T:kidney ratios. For the IM tumors, the ratios were not as high as for SR tumors. The effects on T:normal ratios of preload+ECIA in combination were synergistic. The combined procedure resulted both in an increased uptake and prolonged persistence of 125I-labeled L6-biotin in the SR tumors and also in a reduction of corresponding uptake values in organs critical for radiation.
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| 37. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Extracorporeal immunoadsorption from whole blood based on the avidin-biotin concept. Evaluation of a new method
- 1996
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 35:3, s. 309-312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study of 36 rats with rat colon adenocarcinoma transplants was carried out to investigate the efficacy of a new method of whole blood immunoadsorption (WBIA) in removing biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directly from unseparated blood, in order to increase 'the tumor/normal-tissue uptake ratio', as compared with extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) of antibodies from plasma. Compared with the ECIA system, the overall volume of the WBIA system (comprising only a pump, an adsorption column, a drop-chamber and tubings) was less (3.6 vs. 6.2 ml), and procedure duration 2 h less. The 17 rats undergoing the WBIA procedure, started 12 h after i.v. injection of 4.0-4.5 MBq 125I-BR96-biotin, manifested neither hemolysis nor any other complication; no signs of organ edema were found at dissection; whole body and blood radioactivity values were reduced by 51% and 89.5%, respectively. The WBIA method was as effective as ECIA, but technically simpler, safer and more reliable.
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| 38. |
- Garkavij, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Extracorporeal whole-blood immunoadsorption enhances radioimmunotargeting of iodine-125-labeled BR96-biotin monoclonal antibody
- 1997
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In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 38:6, s. 895-901
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the efficacy of tumor radioimmunotargeting with 125I-labeled BR96-biotin monoclonal antibody using a new method, whole-blood immunoadsorption (WBIA), based on direct adsorption of unbound monoclonal antibody (MAb) from blood without preceding separation of plasma. METHODS: Highly tumor-reactive, internalizing, chimeric BR96 MAb of isotype IgG1 binds to a tumor-associated Lewis-type (Le(Y)) cell surface antigen. Forty-six Brown Norwegian male rats were inoculated intramuscularly and beneath the liver or kidney capsule with syngeneic rat colon carcinoma BN7005, expressing Lewis-type antigen, and investigated. The rats were injected intravenously with 3.5-4.5 MBq 125I-labeled BR96-biotin. Twenty of the rats underwent WBIA starting 5 or 12 hr after injection. About six blood volumes were passed through an avidin-gel adsorption column during 2 hr. RESULTS: By using WBIA, whole-body radioactivity was reduced by 50%, and plasma activity by 85%. Both directly after completion of WBIA and 33 hr later, the activity uptake in tumors manifested only a nonsignificant decrease as compared with corresponding controls (p > 0.05) and had approximately similar time-activity curves. Uptake ratios for tumor (T):bone marrow, T:liver, T:kidney and T:lung were enhanced 2.3- to 3.5-fold in all three tumor models, as compared with controls. The ratio of liver tumor to bone marrow was improved from 10:1 to 30:1. CONCLUSION: This new method of WBIA yields significantly improved radioimmunotargeting of highly tumor-reactive, internalizing MAb BR96.
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| 39. |
- Garkavij, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Improving radioimmonotargeting of tumors. Variation in the amount of L6 MAb administered, combined with an immunoadsorption system (ECIA)
- 1993
-
In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 32:7-8, s. 853-859
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extracorporeal immunoadsorption (ECIA) is a new method for the selective removal of circulating radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAb) from plasma to increase the uptake in tumor versus normal tissues (T/N-ratio). To ascertain whether the amount of MAb affects T/N ratios immediately and 24 h after ECIA, we used a rat model with two tumor sites--one intramuscular (im) and one below the subrenal capsule (SR). Extracorporeal immunoadsorption was done with an avidin-agarose column after injection of 125I-labeled biotinylated L6 MAb. The animals received 10, 50 or 250 micrograms of L6 only (controls), or followed by ECIA. The efficacy of the procedure in removing plasma activity was 80-95%. For both tumor sites, the highest T/N-ratios were obtained with 10 micrograms L6. All T/N-ratios significantly improved for SR tumors by a factor ranging from 3.2 (lung) to 12.6 (bone marrow). The T/N-ratios were still elevated 24 h after ECIA. Injection of larger amounts of MAb, probably causing a higher degree of tumor saturation, will not necessarily improve the T/N ratio after ECIA.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hellström, Gunilla, 1939-
(author)
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Saco-SR-konflikten 1971 – en analys av opinionsbildning i tidningsledare
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to study what means are used in newspaper leaders (editorials) to influence public opinion. In order to obtain a wide range of such means, I have chosen material that has a clear timeframe and illustrates strong political antagonism, concerning the 1971 conflict between the Saco and SR unions and the Swedish state. Leaders from eight different newspapers with different party affiliations are analysed – six morning and two evening newspapers.What type of message leaders convey is examined mainly at the sentence level. Writers report what happened, assess the situation and analyse the causes and explanations for there being a labour conflict. They express criticism of those involved in various ways and exhort them to take recommended courses of action to resolve the conflict. Paragraphs can also be categorised in this way. How criticism is expressed is studied in detail because the material is rich in critical utterances of different types. Various theories about text types and speech act theory provide a theoretical background that is applied to the material. A number of different theories about what defines a genre are presented and tested on the leaders.The results of the investigation indicate that a large number of leaders from the morning newspapers are structured in a similar way, with the paragraph as the unit. They reveal a pattern, the normal pattern, where information is presented in a given order in the majority of morning leaders and the greatest number of message types is used. There is also a pattern of analysis/criticism, with critical and analytical paragraphs alternating and the analysis substantiating the criticism, as a rule.The few leaders in the morning newspapers that do not form a pattern may be strongly critical or almost solely analytical. One of the morning newspapers has many critical leaders that argue or incite. No analysis is made of evening newspaper leaders at the paragraph level since the paragraphs are short; instead, they are analysed as a whole, as are the argumentative leaders.The analysis shows that many leaders are structured in a similar way while at the same time there is considerable variation in the material, which is attributable to there being different types of editorials.
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| 42. |
- Henfridsson, Urban, et al.
(author)
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Wave energy potential in the Baltic Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea, with reflections on the Skagerrak
- 2007
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In: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 32:12, s. 2069-2084
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wave power, along with renewable energy-generating sources like tides and streams, is underestimated considering its advantageous physical properties and predictability. This paper examines possible examples of wave power installations in the Baltic Sea and the Danish part of the North Sea. Hindcasting data is used allowing estimations of wave energy generated and results show promising areas in the North Sea, but also several parts of the Baltic Sea are of interest. The study is based upon linear generator technique, placed on the seabed using point-absorbers arranged in arrays of up to several thousand units. The study aims at showing the physical possibilities of wave energy, including economical feasibility and environmental advantages of wave energy even in moderate wave climates. With discussion from two examples in the Baltic Sea, one in the Danish North Sea and a new pilot study site in the Swedish part of Skagerrak, this study show feasible illustrations of wave energy takeouts. Project examples vary in size due to distance to grid, grid voltage, and may thus be economically feasible. Examples also show considerations in societal and nature conservation matters, including aspects such as industrial and military interests, archaeological or marine reserves and local geology. The authors conclude that wave energy electric conversion is an option that needs more attention and which has several advantages compared to conventional renewable sources. Sound engineering, in combination with producer, consumer and broad societal perspective is advised for a sustainable development of wave energy conversion.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hermansson, Sven, et al.
(author)
-
Testbädd Mellanskalig Biorbränsleförbränning - en förstudie
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Conversion of biomass to heat and power plays an important role in the transition of the Swedish energy system from fossil based to renewables. For manufacturers and users of medium scale combustion plants (0.5 – approx. 15 MWth), a spectrum of challenges are accounted with both today’s and future flexible use of modern biomass fuels. Such challenges are e.g. fuel handling and processing together with combustion instabilities caused by new fuels with resulting ware-and-tear and elevated emission levels. However, the possibilities to test and try out new innovations is very limited, which is why a Test Bed has the potential to significantly contribute to the innovation growth within the sector. The purpose of this feasibility study therefore to investigate the prerequisites for the establishment of a Test Bed for Medium Scale Biomass Combustion. The fundament of the feasibility study is a survey of the existing infrastructure for testing and innovation development of medium scale biomass combustion, which could be further developed and interconnected. Furthermore, a broad inquiry has been performed among market actors, focusing on the present and future need together with existing conditions for taking part in the development of a test bed. These first two steps has then been synthesized into recommendations on how a test bed should be developed and exploited by relevant actors. The major conclusions and recommendations of the feasibility study are: A cost efficient and innovative Test Bed system for medium scale biomass combustion could be developed by enhanced cooperation between passive test-bed like plants and systems, industrial testing plants and research activities, Development of a test bed system is hindered by the fact that there is no clear receiver of such system on the market. Stake holder cooperation is today weak, which makes common investments and financing impossible There is no economic support for the erection of new, dedicated test bed facilities for medium scale biomass combustion, Pre-treatment of biomass raw material with the purpose of enhancing fuel quality simultaneously refining products from the biomass has been found to show good potential for further development of test beds. This study therefore recommends that such investigation should be taken under consideration.
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| 45. |
- Hållsten, Stina
(author)
-
Ingenjörer skriver : Verksamheter och texter i arbete och utbildning
- 2008
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The subject of this study is engineers’ activities, writing and texts in their profession and education. Fieldwork for the study was conducted in three professional workplaces and a major technical university (called Tekniska Institutet in the study).The aim of the study is to explore what kind of writing the engineers are supposed to handle and practice, situated in their professional environment, and to compare this with the writing practices and texts engineering students are prepared for in their higher education. The theoretical framework is a sociocultural approach inspired by Lave & Wenger (1991), Wenger (1998), Wertsch (1998) and Engeström (1987). The theoretical concepts of activity systems, mediational means or cultural tools and trajectory of practice are applied, partly on a linguistic level, to the writing and the work that engineers carry out in their professional community and the university.The engineers in the study write every day in their profession, in different roles, something they are not quite prepared for in their higher education. The study examines whether there are cultural tools that are typical for engineers and their work. One central construction is the list, which can be seen as a cultural tool on both a cognitive and a social or communicative level: the study shows that the list is used both to structure or construct content and to instruct readers, for example, or show them how a soft ware system or a computer programme is structured. The list is also used within the education community, in teachers’ instructions and course material as well as in the students’ texts, such as lab reports and different types of essays.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Joffrin, E., et al.
(author)
-
Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall
- 2019
-
In: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the past several years, the JET scientific programme (Pamela et al 2007 Fusion Eng. Des. 82 590) has been engaged in a multi-campaign effort, including experiments in D, H and T, leading up to 2020 and the first experiments with 50%/50% D-T mixtures since 1997 and the first ever D-T plasmas with the ITER mix of plasma-facing component materials. For this purpose, a concerted physics and technology programme was launched with a view to prepare the D-T campaign (DTE2). This paper addresses the key elements developed by the JET programme directly contributing to the D-T preparation. This intense preparation includes the review of the physics basis for the D-T operational scenarios, including the fusion power predictions through first principle and integrated modelling, and the impact of isotopes in the operation and physics of D-T plasmas (thermal and particle transport, high confinement mode (H-mode) access, Be and W erosion, fuel recovery, etc). This effort also requires improving several aspects of plasma operation for DTE2, such as real time control schemes, heat load control, disruption avoidance and a mitigation system (including the installation of a new shattered pellet injector), novel ion cyclotron resonance heating schemes (such as the three-ions scheme), new diagnostics (neutron camera and spectrometer, active Alfven eigenmode antennas, neutral gauges, radiation hard imaging systems...) and the calibration of the JET neutron diagnostics at 14 MeV for accurate fusion power measurement. The active preparation of JET for the 2020 D-T campaign provides an incomparable source of information and a basis for the future D-T operation of ITER, and it is also foreseen that a large number of key physics issues will be addressed in support of burning plasmas.
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| 48. |
- Kahlin, Linda
(author)
-
Sociala kategoriseringar i samspel : Hur kön, etnicitet och generation konstitueras i ungdomars samtal
- 2008
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to show how gender, ethnicity and generation membership categories are constituted in talk-in-interaction. The main material comprises seven video recordings of multi-participant conversations among school pupils, aged 16 to 19.An important theoretical term is intersectionality, i.e. the interplay between different social categories. The tools of analysis are mainly derived from conversation analysis and discursive psychology. Identity is seen as a dynamic phenomenon and I analyse the identities the participants themselves make relevant during the course of the conversations.The investigation, aided by membership categorisation analysis, is carried out into how social categories are negotiated and used in establishing identity. In the analyses, social categories in particular are used in order to constitute identities by the participants’ creating contrasts between in-group, we, and out-group, them. Category-bound activities are used to constitute social categories. The participants also use more specific resources for talk-in-interaction – for example, active voicing and extreme case formulations – to establish or negotiate social categories. Interactional strategies and tools are used in resistance to avoid being attributed membership in a certain category, and partly consist of various ways of renegotiating the implication of belonging to a certain category. Thus, generalising notions about social groups become more nuanced and the adolescents avoid being categorised as passive victims of cultural notions. Gender, ethnicity and generation membership are furthermore constituted through storytelling.To sum up, the above linguistic resources are used first and foremost for three different types of discursive work during the group conversations. First, the adolescents argue that they are unique and independent and therefore not dependent on cultural expectations. Secondly, they place themselves in relation to the categories by their enacting themselves as normal in various ways. Thirdly, the adolescents establish a positive self image by modifying or renegotiating the non-desirable activities associated with the categories.The results show how the categories have situational relevance and are dealt with locally, and invoke normative expectations as to how members of social groups ought to behave.
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| 49. |
- Karlsson, Anna-Malin, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Text i verksamhet : mot en samlad förståelse
- 2012
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In: Språk och stil. - Uppsala : Swedish Science Press. - 1101-1165 .- 2002-4010. ; 22:1, s. 110-134
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The majority of text researchers today view text as deeply embedded in context. Still, the question of how context should be treated in analysis, in order to achieve a “thick” theoretical understanding, remains substantially unanswered. In this article, a focus on the meso-level of context, the activity, is suggested as a way of contextualizing texts. This level has shown to be fruitful for explaining patterns and variation in conversation. The meso-level of activity can also be expected to be relevant for the participants of textual communication, which is a key factor when striving for what is sometimes called ecological validity. In the article, previous research and specific examples are discussed in two thematic sections, focusing on texts in text-mediated activities (e.g. academic research and education) and texts in practical activities (e.g. health care work), respectively. Based on these overviews, a unified analytical perspective and a possible stance for researchers interested in grounding their text analysis in a less ‘text-biased’ understanding of context are proposed. This perspective combines activity theory with a semiotic focus on text artefacts inspired by New Literacy Studies. Once the role of a text in the activity is established, and when goals and possible conflicts are identified, context-based concepts such as genre and discourse are suggested for linking activity to linguistic text structure
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| 50. |
- Kijewski, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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Random forest assessment of correlation between environmental factors and genetic differentiation of populations : Case of marine mussels Mytilus
- 2019
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In: Oceanologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0078-3234. ; 61:1, s. 131-142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The novel machine learning technique Random Forest (RF) was used to test if the genetic differentiation of populations of marine species may be related to any of the key environmental variables known to shape species distributions. The study was performed in North and Baltic Sea characterized by strong gradients of environmental factors and almost continuous distributions of Mytilus mussel populations. Assessment of the species identity was performed using four nuclear DNA markers, and previously published single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. A general pattern of cline variation was observed with increasing Mytilus trossulus share towards the eastern Baltic Sea. Average allele share rose to 61% in Hoga Kusten, Gulf of Bothnia. All Baltic Sea samples revealed a strong introgression of Mytilus edulis and a limited introgression of M. trossulus through the Danish Straits. The studied environmental variables described 67 and 68% of the variability in the allele frequencies of M. edulis and M. trossulus. Salinity defined over 50% of the variability in the gene frequencies of the studied Mytilus spp. populations. Changes along this environmental gradient were not gradual but instead a significant shift from gene dominance was found at a salinity of 12 PSU. Water temperature and the trophic status of the sea area had only moderate association with the gene frequencies. The obtained results showed that the novel machine learning technique can be successfully used for finding correlations between genetic differentiation of populations and environmental variables and for defining the functional form of these linkages.
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