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| 7. |
- von Walden, Ferdinand, et al.
(author)
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Effect of acute transcranial magnetic stimulation on intracellular signalling in human skeletal muscle
- 2020
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 52:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of an acute bout of transcranial electrical stimulation to induce anabolic signalling.DESIGN: Experimental intervention on healthy subjects.SUBJECTS: Ten healthy subjects, 5 women and 5 men (mean age (standard deviation (SD) 32 years (SD 4)).METHODS: The quadriceps muscle was stimulated at a frequency of 10 Hz for 10 s, followed by 20 s of rest, repeated 40 times over 20 min. Electromyography and force data were collected for all transcranial electrical stimulation sequences. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and 1 and 3 h after stimulation.RESULTS: One bout of transcranial electrical stimulation decreased phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308 (1 h: -29%, 3 h: -38%; p < 0.05) and mTOR phosphorylation at Ser2448 (1 h: -10%; ns, 3 h: -21%; p < 0.05), both in the anabolic pathway. Phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC and ULK1 were not affected. c-MYC gene expression was unchanged following transcranial electrical stimulation, but rDNA transcription decreased (1 h: -28%, 3 h: -19%; p < 0.05). PGC1α-ex1b mRNA increased (1 h: 2.3-fold, 3 h: 2.6-fold; p < 0.05), which also correlated with vastus lateralis electromyography activity, while other PGC-1α variants were unchanged.CONCLUSION: Acute transcranial electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle in weight-bearing healthy individuals did not induce anabolic signalling, and some signs of impaired muscle anabolism were detected, suggesting limited potential in preventing muscle wasting.
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| 11. |
- Alexandersson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Tro får inte ersätta vetenskap
- 2014
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In: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 12. |
- Alku, Paavo, et al.
(author)
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An amplitude quotient based method to analyze changes in the shape of the glottal pulse in the regulation of vocal intensity
- 2006
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In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 120:2, s. 1052-1062
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents an approach to visualizing intensity regulation in speech. The method expresses a voice sample in a two-dimensional space using amplitude-domain values extracted from the glottal flow estimated by inverse filtering. The two-dimensional presentation is obtained by expressing a time-domainmeasure of the glottal pulse, the amplitude quotient (AQ), as a function of the negative peak amplitude of the flow derivative (d(peak)). The regulation of vocal intensity was analyzed with the proposed method from voices varying from extremely soft to very loud with a SPL range of approximately 55 dB. When vocal intensity was increased, the speech samples first showed a rapidly decreasing trend as expressed on the proposed AQ-d(peak) graph. When intensity was further raised, the location of the samples converged toward a horizontal line, the asymptote of a hypothetical hyperbola. This behavior of the AQ-d(peak) graph indicates that the intensity regulation strategy changes from laryngeal to respiratory mechanisms and the method chosen makes it possible to quantify how control mechanisms underlying the regulation of vocal intensity change gradually between the two means. The proposed presentation constitutes an easy-to-implement method to visualize the function of voice production in intensity regulation because the only information needed is the glottal flow wave form estimated by inverse filtering the acoustic speech pressure signal.
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| 13. |
- Augstein, Frauke
(author)
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Mechanisms of plant root xylem developmental plasticity in response to water deficiency and salt
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Plants may be exposed to a variety of different environmental conditions including water deficiency and salt, both affecting the uptake of water into the plant. Water is taken up from the soil by the roots and distributed throughout the plant via the water conducting tissue, the xylem. Plants are remarkably plastic and have evolved different mechanisms to sense the environment and adjust their development accordingly. However, how xylem development may respond to water availability is not clear. In this thesis, I show how water deficiency and salt affect xylem development and how the observed phenotypic alterations are regulated on a molecular level. We found that upon water deficiency additional protoxylem strands were formed along with an early differentiation of the inner metaxylem. These phenotypes were regulated both by non-cell autonomous and cell autonomous signaling via the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). The expression of microRNA165 was induced by ABA signaling in the endodermis leading to downregulation of homeo domain leucine zipper class III (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors in the stele. This caused a shift in xylem identity from meta- to protoxylem and the formation of additional protoxylem strands. At the same time, cell autonomous ABA signaling upregulated several VASCULAR RELATED NAC DOMAIN (VND) transcription factors including VND7, which promoted the shift in xylem identity as well as VND2 and VND3, which promoted early differentiation of the inner metaxylem. In contrast, during an initial phase of salt stress, we observed the formation of protoxylem gaps specifically in response to ionic stress and distinct from ABA-signaling. We identified that protoxylem gaps were caused by lowered levels and signaling of the growth regulator gibberellin (GA). Downstream of GA-signaling, protoxylem gap formation upon salt was controlled by genes involved in secondary cell wall formation including the xylem master regulator VND6 and factors involved in cell wall modification. Salt tolerance assays suggested that protoxylem gaps may contribute to salt tolerance and the phenotypes that we observed upon water deficiency have been suggested to confer drought tolerance. We observed similar effects on xylem developmental plasticity in response to water deficiency and salt in various different dicot species indicating an evolutionary conservation. Thus, xylem development is of high relevance for breeding programs to generate plant varieties better adapted to a changing climate.
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| 14. |
- Berggren, Daniel Moreno, et al.
(author)
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Prognostic scoring systems for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in a population-based setting : a report from the Swedish MDS register
- 2018
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In: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 181:5, s. 614-627
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have highly variable outcomes and prognostic scoring systems are important tools for risk assessment and to guide therapeutic decisions. However, few population-based studies have compared the value of the different scoring systems. With data from the nationwide Swedish population-based MDS register we validated the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), revised IPSS (IPSS-R) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS). We also present population-based data on incidence, clinical characteristics including detailed cytogenetics and outcome from the register. The study encompassed 1329 patients reported to the register between 2009 and 2013, 14% of these had therapy-related MDS (t-MDS). Based on the MDS register, the yearly crude incidence of MDS in Sweden was 2.9 per 100000 inhabitants. IPSS-R had a significantly better prognostic power than IPSS (P < 0001). There was a trend for better prognostic power of IPSS-R compared to WPSS (P=0.05) and for WPSS compared to IPSS (P=0.07). IPSS-R was superior to both IPSS and WPSS for patients aged <= 70years. Patients with t-MDS had a worse outcome compared to de novo MDS (d-MDS), however, the validity of the prognostic scoring systems was comparable for d-MDS and t-MDS. In conclusion, population-based studies are important to validate prognostic scores in a real-world' setting. In our nationwide cohort, the IPSS-R showed the best predictive power.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bianchi, Matteo, et al.
(author)
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Whole-genome genotyping and resequencing reveal the association of a deletion in the complex interferon alpha gene cluster with hypothyroidism in dogs
- 2020
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In: BMC Genomics. - : BMC. - 1471-2164. ; 21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Hypothyroidism is a common complex endocrinopathy that typically has an autoimmune etiology, and it affects both humans and dogs. Genetic and environmental factors are both known to play important roles in the disease development. In this study, we sought to identify the genetic risk factors potentially involved in the susceptibility to the disease in the high-risk Giant Schnauzer dog breed.Results: By employing genome-wide association followed by fine-mapping (top variant p-value=5.7x10(-6)), integrated with whole-genome resequencing and copy number variation analysis, we detected a similar to 8.9 kbp deletion strongly associated (p-value=0.0001) with protection against development of hypothyroidism. The deletion is located between two predicted Interferon alpha (IFNA) genes and it may eliminate functional elements potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Remarkably, type I IFNs have been extensively associated to human autoimmune hypothyroidism and general autoimmunity. Nonetheless, the extreme genomic complexity of the associated region on CFA11 warrants further long-read sequencing and annotation efforts in order to ascribe functions to the identified deletion and to characterize the canine IFNA gene cluster in more detail.Conclusions: Our results expand the current knowledge on genetic determinants of canine hypothyroidism by revealing a significant link with the human counterpart disease, potentially translating into better diagnostic tools across species, and may contribute to improved canine breeding strategies.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Björkner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Subglottal pressure and NAQ variation in voice production of classically trained baritone singers
- 2005
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In: 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology. - Lisbon, Portugal. ; , s. 1057-1060
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The subglottal pressure (Ps) and voice source characteristics of five professional baritone singers were analyzed. Glottal adduction was estimated with amplitude quotient (AQ), defined as the ratio between peak-to-peak pulse amplitude and the negative peak of the differentiated flow glottogram, and with normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ), defined as AQ divided by fundamental period length. Previous studies show that NAQ and its variation with Ps represent an effective parameter in the analysis of voice source characteristics. Therefore, the present study aims at increasing our knowledge of these two parameters further by finding out how they vary with pitch and Ps in operatic baritone singers, singing at high and low pitch. Ten equally spaced Ps values were selected from three takes of the syllable [pae], repeated with a continuously decreasing vocal loudness and initiated at maximum vocal loudness. The vowel sounds following the selected Ps peaks were inverse filtered. Data on peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, maximum flow declination rate, AQ and NAQ will be presented.
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| 19. |
- Björkner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Subglottal Pressure and Normalized Amplitude Quotient Variation in Classically Trained Baritone Singers
- 2006
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In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 31:4, s. 157-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The subglottal pressure (Ps) and voice source characteristics of five professional baritone singers have been analyzed and the normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ), defined as the ratio between peak-to-peak pulse amplitude and the negative peak of the differentiated flow glottogram and normalized with respect to the period time, was used as an estimate of glottal adduction. The relationship between Ps and NAQ has been investigated in female subjects in two earlier studies. One of these revealed NAQ differences between both singing styles and phonation modes, and the other, based on register differences in female musical theatre singers, showed that NAQ differed between registers for the same PPs value. These studies thus suggest that NAQ and its variation with PPs represent a useful parameter in the analysis of voice source characteristics. The present study aims at increasing our knowledge of the NAQ parameter further by finding out how it varies with pitch and PPs in professional classically trained baritone singers, singing at high and low pitch (278 Hz and 139 Hz, respectively). Ten equally spaced Ps values were selected from three takes of the syllable [pae:], initiated at maximum vocal loudness and repeated with a continuously decreasing vocal loudness. The vowel sounds following the selected PPs peaks were inverse filtered. Data on peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, maximum flow declination rate and NAQ are presented.
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| 20. |
- Björkner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Voice source characteristics in different registers in classically trained female musical theatre singers
- 2004
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In: Proceedings of ICA 2004 : the 18th International Congress on Acoustics, Kyoto International Conference Hall, 4-9 April, Kyoto, Japan. - Kyoto, Japan. - 499019151X ; , s. 297-300
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Musical theatre singing requires the use of twovocal registers in the female voice. The voice source and subglottal pressure Pscharacteristics of these registers are analysed by inverse filtering. The relationship between Psand closed quotient Qclosed, peak-to-peak pulse amplitude Up-t-p, maximum flow declination rate MFDR and the normalised amplitude quotient NAQ were examined. Pswastypically slightly higher in chest than in head register . For typical tokens MFDR and Qclosed were significantly greater while NAQ and Up-t-p were significantly lower in chest than in head.
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| 21. |
- Björkner, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Voice source differences between registers in female musical theater singers
- 2006
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In: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 20:2, s. 187-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Musical theater singing typically requires women to use two vocal registers. Our investigation considered voice source and subglottal pressure P-s characteristics of the speech pressure signal recorded for a sequence of /pae/ syllables sung at constant pitch and decreasing vocal loudness in each register by seven female musical theater singers. Ten equally spaced P-s values were selected, and the relationships between P-s and several parameters were examined; closed-quotient (Q(closed)), peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (Up-t-p), amplitude of the negative peak of the differentiated flow glottogram. ie, the maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), and the normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ) [Up-t-p/(TO*MFDR)], where TO is the fundamental period. P, was typically slightly higher in chest than in head register. As P, influences the measured glottogram parameters, these were also compared at an approximately identical P-s of 11 cm H2O. Results showed that for typical tokens, MFDR and Q(closed) were significantly greater, whereas Up-t-p and therefore NAQ were significantly lower in chest than in head.
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| 24. |
- Borg, David, et al.
(author)
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Palliative short-course hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma : the phase II PALAESTRA trial
- 2020
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In: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X. ; 59:2, s. 212-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The majority of patients with incurable esophageal adenocarcinoma suffer from dysphagia. We assessed a novel treatment strategy with initial short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy with the primary aim to achieve long-term relief of dysphagia. Methods: This phase II trial included treatment-naîve patients with dysphagia due to esophageal adenocarcinoma not eligible for curative treatment. External beam radiotherapy with 20 Gy in five fractions to the primary tumor was followed by four cycles of chemotherapy (FOLFOX regimen). Dysphagia was assessed using a five-grade scale. Results: From October 2014 to May 2018 a total of 29 patients were enrolled. The rate of dysphagia improvement was 79%, median duration of improvement 6.7 months (12.2 months for responders) and median overall survival 9.9 months. In the pre-specified per protocol analysis (23 patients) the rate of dysphagia improvement was 91%, median duration of improvement 12.2 months (14.0 months for responders) and median overall survival 16.0 months. The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were neutropenia (29%), infection (25%), anorexia (11%), esophagitis (11%) and fatigue (11%). Conclusion: Initial palliative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy is a promising treatment strategy that can provide long-lasting relief of dysphagia in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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| 25. |
- Choong, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Sex difference in formation of propofol metabolites : a replication study
- 2013
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In: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7835 .- 1742-7843. ; 113:2, s. 126-131
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Women recover faster from propofol anaesthesia and have been described to have a higher incidence of awareness during surgery, compared to men - an effect that may be inherent in sex differences in propofol metabolism. In an observational study, 98 ASA I-II patients treated with continuous propofol infusion were recruited. The associations between sex and CYP2B6 and UGT1A9 polymorphisms with dose- and weight-adjusted area under the total plasma level time curves (AUC) for propofol, and its metabolites propofol glucuronide (PG), 4-hydroxypropofol (OHP) and hydroxyl glucuronide metabolites 4-hydroxypropofol-1-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q1G) and 4-hydroxypropofol-4-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q4G), were analysed. Significantly higher AUC of PG (1.3 times, p = 0.03), Q1G (2.9 times, p < 0.001), Q4G (2.4 times, p < 0.01) and OHP (4.6 times, p = 0.01) were found in women (n = 53) than in men (n = 45) after intravenous infusion of propofol using target-controlled infusion system. There was, however, no significant impact of gene polymorphisms on propofol biotransformation. The results, which are supported by a previous pilot study using a propofol bolus dose, suggest that, compared to men, more rapid propofol metabolism may occur in women - a factor that may contribute to the mentioned differences in the efficacy of propofol anaesthesia between male and female patients.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Cox Eriksson, Christine, 1956-
(author)
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Children's Vocabulary Development : The role of parental input, vocabulary composition and early communicative skills
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine the early vocabulary development of a sample of Swedish children in relation to parental input and early communicative skills. Three studies are situated in an overall description of early language development in children. The data analyzed in the thesis was collected within a larger project at Stockholm University (SPRINT- “Effects of enhanced parental input on young children’s vocabulary development and subsequent literacy development” [VR 2008-5094]).Data analysis was based on parental report via SECDI, the Swedish version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, and audio recordings. One study examined parental verbal interaction characteristics in three groups of children with varying vocabulary size at 18 months. The stability of vocabulary development at 18 and 24 months was investigated in a larger study, with focus on children’s vocabulary composition and grammatical abilities. The third study examined interrelations among early gestures, receptive and productive vocabulary, and grammar measured with M3L, i.e. three longest utterances, from 12 to 30 months.Overall results of the thesis highlight the importance of early language development. Variability in different characteristics in parental input is associated with variability in child vocabulary size. Children with large early vocabularies exhibit the most stability in vocabulary composition and the earliest grammatical development. Children’s vocabulary composition may reflect individual stylistic variation. Use of early gestures is associated differentially with receptive and productive vocabulary.Results of the thesis have implications for parents, child- and healthcare personnel, as well as researchers and educational practitioners. The results underscore the importance of high quality in adult-child interaction, with rich input fine-tuned to children’s developmental levels and age, together with high awareness of early language development.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Cox Eriksson, Christine, et al.
(author)
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Parental Language Input and Children's Vocabulary Development : A comparison of verbal input by Swedish mothers and fathers to children with low, average and large vocabularies at 18 months of age
- 2012
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Early vocabulary development in children lays the foundation for general language acquisition, including articulation, grammar and literacy. A great deal of recent research has shown the importance of early linguistic and communicative stimulation for word learning. The first phase of the SPRINT project at Stockholm University (“Effects of enhanced parental input on young children’s vocabulary development and subsequent literacy development”) aims to investigate the impact of a naturalistic family intervention on vocabulary development in Swedish children 18 to 36 months old. The general aim of the larger longitudinal study is to deliver a predictive model of environmental factors, including an education program for parents (the intervention), with emphasis on lexical development and subsequent literacy attainment, spanning the language development of children from 12 months through the first three years of school. The SPRINT project recognizes the importance of cultural context on language acquisition and is therefore part of an international network with representatives from seven countries aiming to share experiences and collaborate on comparative analyses of nation-specific data regarding children’s vocabulary development and reading acquisition. This will enable us to make international comparisons with the results of American studies such as Hart & Risley’s (1995) seminal work.Current analyses of data from the SPRINT project include an investigation of parental interaction style in relation to children’s vocabulary development. In this first study, a comparison is made of parental linguistic input directed to two sets of children chosen from the first intervention cohort. The two groups consist of children with low (0-25th percentile) and medium verbal ability (50-65th percentile) according to the Swedish version of the MacArthur CDI at age 1;6. Results, based on the analysis of audio recordings of parent-child interaction in four different everyday situations, indicate significant differences between the two groups of parents regarding the amount and diversity of input. In addition, the two groups of parents use positive interactive behaviors, such as affirming, imitating and commenting on their child’s communicative intent, to significantly different extents. The current analysis will be extended to include parental input by parents of children with high verbal ability at 18 months of age, the beginning of the three-month intervention period for the first of three intervention cohorts. The second and third cohorts started the intervention phase of the project when the children were 24 and 30 months of age, respectively. In addition, a statistical analysis of the vocabulary development of the children in the three intervention groups and a control group will be undertaken. A further extension of the project will be the development of a MOR grammar for Swedish, which will enable automatic morphosyntactic coding of material in the CHAT transcription format of the CHILDES database and thus facilitate computerized analysis of parent-child interaction. Current and future results of the longitudinal SPRINT project represent a unique opportunity for further research on children’s literacy development, from both a Swedish and an international perspective.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Edlund, Klara, et al.
(author)
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Body image and compulsive exercise : Are there associations with depression among university students?
- 2022
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In: Eating and Weight Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27:7, s. 2397-2405
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Mental health problems among university students have been reported to be significantly increasing and suggested to be associated with college drop-out. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise are both constructs relevant for mental health problems in general and eating disorders in particular. This study examined associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive exercise and self-reported symptoms of depression among Swedish university students.METHODS: Participants (n = 4262) are students in an ongoing cohort study, and data from the baseline assessment were used. Four linear regression models were built to explore the associations between body dissatisfaction, compulsive weight control exercise and depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Our findings showed that females reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction and compulsive exercise were associated with self-reported symptoms of depression in this non-clinical population. Results showed that compulsive exercise was negatively associated with reported symptoms of depression, while body dissatisfaction was positively associated with symptoms of depression.CONCLUSION: In line with previous research, there was a gender difference in body dissatisfaction where females displayed higher levels of dissatisfaction than males. Body dissatisfaction was positively associated with reported symptoms of depression, suggesting support of previous research indicating body dissatisfaction to increase mental health problems. Compulsive exercise was negatively associated with symptoms of depression suggesting a behavior negatively reinforced, supporting both constructs to be of interest for reported symptoms of depression in a non-clinical population of Swedish university students.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, cohort study.TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ID : NCT04465435.
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| 32. |
- Edlund, Klara, et al.
(author)
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Sustainable UNiversity Life (SUN) study : Protocol for a prospective cohort study of modifiable risk and prognostic factors for mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain among university students
- 2022
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain are common health problems among young adults including students. Little is known about the aetiology and prognosis of these problems in university students. We aim to determine the role of personal, sociodemographic, academic and environmental factors for risk and prognosis of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress as well as musculoskeletal pain in university students. The constructs that will be studied are based on the biopsychosocial model and psychopathology associated with disabling pain. This model acknowledges illness to consist of interrelated mechanisms categorised into biological, psychological, environmental and social cues.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cohort study aims to recruit around 5000 Swedish full-time students. Data will be collected using five online surveys during one academic year. A subgroup (n=1851) of the cohort, recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic, receive weekly text messages with three short questions assessing mood, worry and pain, sent through the web-based platform SMS-track . Statistical analyses will include Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox regression analyses, multinomial logistic regression analyses and generalised estimating equations. We will assess effect measure modification when relevant and conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of lost to follow-up.PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS: Due to opportunity and timing of the study, with relevance to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study further aims to address mental health problems, musculoskeletal pain and lifestyle in university students before and during the pandemic.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Sustainable UNiversity Life study was approved by the Swedish ethics authority (2019-03276; 2020-01449). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed research papers, reports, research conferences, student theses and stakeholder communications.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04465435.
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| 33. |
- Eklund, D. Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Homologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana SHI/STY/LRP1 genes control auxin biosynthesis and affect growth and development in the moss Physcomitrella patens
- 2010
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In: Development. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0950-1991 .- 1477-9129. ; 137:8, s. 1275-1284
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The plant hormone auxin plays fundamental roles in vascular plants. Although exogenous auxin also stimulates developmental transitions and growth in non-vascular plants, the effects of manipulating endogenous auxin levels have thus far not been reported. Here, we have altered the levels and sites of auxin production and accumulation in the moss Physcomitrella patens by changing the expression level of homologues of the Arabidopsis SHI/STY family proteins, which are positive regulators of auxin biosynthesis genes. Constitutive expression of PpSHI1 resulted in elevated auxin levels, increased and ectopic expression of the auxin response reporter GmGH3pro:GUS, and in an increased caulonema/chloronema ratio, an effect also induced by exogenous auxin application. In addition, we observed premature ageing and necrosis in cells ectopically expressing PpSHI1. Knockout of either of the two PpSHI genes resulted in reduced auxin levels and auxin biosynthesis rates in leafy shoots, reduced internode elongation, delayed ageing, a decreased caulonema/chloronema ratio and an increased number of axillary hairs, which constitute potential auxin biosynthesis sites. Some of the identified auxin functions appear to be analogous in vascular and non-vascular plants. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal expression of the PpSHI genes and GmGH3pro:GUS strongly overlap, suggesting that local auxin biosynthesis is important for the regulation of auxin peak formation in non-vascular plants.
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| 34. |
- Eklund, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Expression of Arabidopsis SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH Family Genes in Auxin Biosynthesis Zones of Aerial Organs Is Dependent on a GCC Box-Like Regulatory Element
- 2011
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In: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 157, s. 2069-2080
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plays a major role in growth responses to developmental and genetic signals as well as to environmental stimuli. Knowledge of its regulation, however, remains rudimentary, and few proteins acting as transcriptional modulators of auxin biosynthesis have been identified. We have previously shown that alteration in the expression level of the SHORT INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family member STY1 affects IAA biosynthesis rates and IAA levels and that STY1 acts as a transcriptional activator of genes encoding auxin biosynthesis enzymes. Here, we have analyzed the upstream regulation of SHI/STY family members to gain further insight into transcriptional regulation of auxin biosynthesis. We attempted to modulate the normal expression pattern of STY1 by mutating a putative regulatory element, a GCC box, located in the proximal promoter region and conserved in most SHI/STY genes in Arabidopsis. Mutations in the GCC box abolish expression in aerial organs of the adult plant. We also show that induction of the transcriptional activator DORNROSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) activates the transcription of STY1 and other SHI/STY family members and that this activation is dependent on a functional GCC box. Additionally, STY1 expression in the strong drnl-2 mutant or the drn drnl-1 puchi-1 triple mutant, carrying knockdown mutations in both DRNL and its close paralogue DRN as well as one of their closest homologs, PUCHI, was significantly reduced, suggesting that DRNL regulates STY1 during normal plant development and that several other genes might have redundant functions.
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| 35. |
- Eklund, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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The Arabidopsis thaliana STYLISH1 Protein Acts as a Transcriptional Activator Regulating Auxin Biosynthesis
- 2010
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In: The Plant Cell. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1040-4651 .- 1532-298X. ; 22:2, s. 349-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The establishment and maintenance of auxin maxima in vascular plants is regulated by auxin biosynthesis and polar intercellular auxin flow. The disruption of normal auxin biosynthesis in mouse-ear cress ( Arabidopsis thaliana) leads to severe abnormalities, suggesting that spatiotemporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis is fundamental for normal growth and development. We have shown previously that the induction of the SHORT-INTERNODES/STYLISH (SHI/STY) family member STY1 results in increased transcript levels of the YUCCA (YUC) family member YUC4 and also higher auxin levels and auxin biosynthesis rates in Arabidopsis seedlings. We have also shown previously that SHI/STY family members redundantly affect development of flowers and leaves. Here, we further examine the function of STY1 by analyzing its DNA and protein binding properties. Our results suggest that STY1, and most likely other SHI/STY members, are DNA binding transcriptional activators that target genes encoding proteins mediating auxin biosynthesis. This suggests that the SHI/STY family members are essential regulators of auxin-mediated leaf and flower development. Furthermore, the lack of a shoot apical meristem in seedlings carrying a fusion construct between STY1 and a repressor domain, SRDX, suggests that STY1, and other SHI/STY members, has a role in the formation and/or maintenance of the shoot apical meristem, possibly by regulating auxin levels in the embryo.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Eurenius, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Social-emotional problems among three-year-olds differ based on the child's gender and custody arrangement
- 2019
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In: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:6, s. 1087-1095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate mental health with respect to social-emotional problems among three-year-olds in relation to their gender, custody arrangements and place of residence.METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based design was used, encompassing 7,179 three-year-olds in northern Sweden during the period 2014-2017 from the regional Salut Register. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed based on parents' responses on the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), supplemented with items on gender, custody arrangement and place of residence.RESULTS: Parental-reported social-emotional problems were found in almost 10% of the children. Boys were reported to have more problems (12.3%) than girls (5.6%) (p<0.001). Parents were most concerned about children's eating habits and interactions at mealtimes. Parents not living together reported more problems among their children than those living together (p<0.001). When stratifying by custody arrangement, girls in rural areas living alternately with each parent had more problems compared to those in urban areas (p<0.008).CONCLUSION: Gender and custody arrangements appear to be important factors for social-emotional problems among three-year-olds. Thus, such conditions should receive attention during preschool age, preferably by a systematic preventive strategy within Child Health Care.
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- Feldmann, Eva-Maria, et al.
(author)
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Description of a novel approach to engineer cartilage with porous bacterial nanocellulose for reconstruction of a human auricle
- 2013
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In: Journal of Biomaterials Applications. - : SAGE Publications. - 0885-3282 .- 1530-8022. ; 28:4, s. 626-640
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we investigated the effects of human primary chondrocytes, derived from routine septorhino- and otoplasties on a novel nondegradable biomaterial. This biomaterial, porous bacterial nanocellulose, is produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Porosity is generated by paraffin beads embedded during the fermentation process. Human primary chondrocytes were able to adhere to bacterial nanocellulose and produce cartilaginous matrix proteins such as aggrecan (after 14 days) and collagen type II (after 21 days) in the presence of differentiation medium. Cells were located within the pores and in a dense cell layer covering the surface of the biomaterial. Cells were able to re-differentiate, as cell shape and extra cellular matrix gene expression showed a chondrogenic phenotype in three-dimensional bacterial nanocellulose culture. Collagen type I and versican expression decreased during three-dimensional culture. Variations in pore sizes of 150-300 mu m and 300-500 mu m did not influence cartilaginous extra cellular matrix synthesis. Varying seeding densities from 9.95x10(2) to 1.99x10(3)cells/mm(2) and 3.98x10(3)cells/mm(2) did not result in differences in quality of extra cellular matrix neo-synthesis. Our results demonstrated that both nasal and auricular chondrocytes are equally suitable to synthesize new extra cellular matrix on bacterial nanocellulose. Therefore, we propose both cell sources in combination with bacterial nanocellulose as promising candidates for the special needs of auricular reconstruction.
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- Gidlund, Eva-Karin, et al.
(author)
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Humanin skeletal muscle protein levels increase after resistance training in men with impaired glucose metabolism
- 2016
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In: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 4:23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Humanin (HN) is a mitochondrially encoded and secreted peptide linked to glucose metabolism and tissue protecting mechanisms. Whether skeletal muscle HN gene or protein expression is influenced by exercise remains unknown. In this intervention study we show, for the first time, that HN protein levels increase in human skeletal muscle following 12 weeks of resistance training in persons with prediabetes. Male subjects (n = 55) with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) were recruited and randomly assigned to resistance training, Nordic walking or a control group. The exercise interventions were performed three times per week for 12 weeks with progressively increased intensity during the intervention period. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and venous blood samples were taken before and after the intervention. Skeletal muscle and serum protein levels of HN were analyzed as well as skeletal muscle gene expression of the mitochondrially encoded gene MT-RNR2, containing the open reading frame for HN. To elucidate mitochondrial training adaptation, mtDNA, and nuclear DNA as well as Citrate synthase were measured. Skeletal muscle HN protein levels increased by 35% after 12 weeks of resistance training. No change in humanin protein levels was seen in serum in any of the intervention groups. There was a significant correlation between humanin levels in serum and the improvements in the 2 h glucose loading test in the resistance training group. The increase in HN protein levels in skeletal muscle after regular resistance training in prediabetic males may suggest a role for HN in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Given the preventative effect of exercise on diabetes type 2, the role of HN as a mitochondrially derived peptide and an exercise-responsive mitokine warrants further investigation.
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- Hedman, Linnéa, et al.
(author)
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Both environmental tobacco smoke and personal smoking is related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers.
- 2011
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In: Thorax. - London : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 66:1, s. 20-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been reported as a significant risk factor for childhood asthma. Among adults, personal smoking is a major cause of respiratory symptoms and diseases. The effects of these exposures on the prevalence of asthma and wheeze among teenagers are less well known.
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| 49. |
- Hedman, Linnéa, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Factors related to tobacco use among teenagers.
- 2007
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In: Respiratory medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:3, s. 496-502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To examine tobacco use among teenagers, identify factors related to tobacco use, as well as evaluate the outcome of a smoking prevention program. METHODS: From age 7/8 to 14/15, annual questionnaires about asthma and allergy have been completed in the OLIN paediatric study in Northern Sweden. From 12/13 years, questions about tobacco use, i.e. smoking and snuff, were added. A smoking prevention program was performed during 2 years. RESULTS: Any tobacco use increased from 5.0% at age 12/13 years, to 14.4% at age 14/15. At age 14/15 years, the prevalence of tobacco use was significantly higher among boys than girls (16.7 and 12.0%, respectively). More girls than boys smoked (8.9 and 2.8%, respectively), while use of snuff was more common among the boys (15.6 and 4.2%, respectively). Significant risk factors for smoking were any of the family members currently smoking, OR 6.1 (95% CI 4.0-9.3) and a physician-diagnosed asthma at the age of 14/15 years, OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.2-3.0). A protective factor against tobacco use was participation in sports, OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4). The prevention program did not result in less tobacco use, although it may have delayed smoking initiation. CONCLUSION: The patterns of tobacco use differed significantly between boys and girls. Though any tobacco use was more common among boys, girls were more likely to smoke, and boys were more likely to use snuff. Having asthma did not prevent the teenagers from smoking. Since having a smoking family member was the major risk factor for tobacco use, prevention programs should be directed at smoking families in addition to the individuals.
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| 50. |
- Hirsh, Åsa, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Mapping and Exploring High Impact Research Reviews on Teaching.
- 2018
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In: ECER Congress, Bolzano, Italy.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The project Research about teaching - Systematic mapping and analysis of research topographies, , started out in 2017. The aim is to increase and refine our knowledge about teaching and teaching research. By mapping and analyzing research reviews in leading scientific journals, the project addresses three main questions: What topics and theoretical and methodological approaches dominate (second-order) research about teaching? What are the most important results? And, how has the knowledge of teaching developed over time and in different contexts, according to these research reviews? The initial inventory of the field is now complete, and the main preliminary results are presented in the current paper.
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