| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Effectiveness and Costs of a Therapeutic Residential Care Program for Adolescents with a Serious Behavior Problem (MultifunC). Short-Term Results of a Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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In: Residential Treatment for Children & Youth. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0886-571X .- 1541-0358. ; 37:3, s. 226-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Although research has repeatedly shown that residential care for youth with a serious behavior problem has little rehabilitation success, there is a group of youth for whom residential care in a locked setting is necessary. In this article, a manualized therapeutic residential treatment model for adolescents with serious behavior problems, MultifunC, is evaluated. The program theory of MultifunC is based on a review of the literature and synthesis effective treatment components. This study included 80 youth aged 15–17 years with a medium high or high risk for reoffending. Half of the participants received MultifunC, and half treatment as usual (TAU). Although non-randomized, the two groups were found to be equivalent on important background variables. After 24 months, this first evaluation of MultifunC demonstrated that youth participating in MultifunC had a reduced need for residential care in a locked setting as well as out-of-home placement in general compared to youth in the TAU group. The economic analysis found MultifunC to be a cost-effective alternative to TAU due to the reduced need of residential care in locked settings. There were no significant effects on reoffending or psychiatric care.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Multisystemisk terapi för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem : Resultat efter två år
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Multisystemisk terapi (MST) är en strukturerad öppenvårdsbehandling som vänder sig till familjer med ungdomar som har beteendeproblem. MST har utvecklats i USA som ett alternativ till placering utom hemmet. MST lägger stor vikt vid att arbeta med alla de system som en ung människa finns i (t.ex. familjen, skolan kamratkretsen). Arbetet styrs av konkreta behandlingsmål som i sin tur bestämmer valet av interventioner. Behandlingen utvärderas regelbundet genom intervjuer med föräldrarna. MST-arbetet utförs inom små team bestående av tre till fyra terapeuter och en teamledare. Varje terapeut arbetar med familjen under fyra till sex månader. Terapeuterna/teamet finns tillgängliga dygnet runt.I den här studien jämförs MST med socialtjänstens traditionella insatser (t.ex. placering i dygnsvård, samtalsstöd, familjeterapi). Undersökningsgruppen utgörs av 156 ungdomar mellan 12 och 17 år med allvarliga beteendeproblem motsvarande kriterier i den psykiatriska diagnosen uppförandestörning (eng. conduct disorder). Ungdomarna har fördelats till MST eller traditionell behandling genom randomisering. Utvärderingen berör 27 kommunala förvaltningar och sammanlagt sex MST-team från Göteborg, Halmstad, Malmö och Stockholm. Totalt har elva olika mätinstrument använts för att beskriva ungdomarnas psykiska problem, normbrytande beteende (inkl. kriminalitet), drogbruk, sociala förmågor, förhållande till kamrater, familjerelationer, känsla av sammanhang samt föräldrarnas psykiska hälsa. Dessutom har information om insatser och dess kostnader inhämtats från socialtjänstens akter samt från Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS). I den här rapporten beskrivs ungdomarnas situation efter två år samt en ekonomisk analys av samhällets kostnader
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish Implementation of Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents: Does Treatment Experience Predict Treatment Adherence?
- 2014
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In: Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1537-4424 .- 1537-4416. ; 43:4, s. 643-655
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Treatment effects may not be observed if an empirically supported intervention is not administered with treatment adherence. This retrospective study investigated how therapists' adherence to Multisystemic therapy (MST) varied during a 6-year period in Sweden. Adherence was measured using the Therapist Adherence Measure, which was provided by caregivers. The associations between treatment adherence and therapist-reported posttreatment youth outcomes were also assessed. Retrospective adherence data were obtained for 973 families with youths between 12 and 17 years old who received MST from 68 therapists divided into 10 teams. Implementation of MST occurred in 2 waves between March 2003 and August 2009. Multilevel structural equation modelling was used to evaluate family-and cohort-level predictors and outcomes of treatment adherence. The results confirm previous research: Treatment adherence predicts MST treatment outcomes. With respect to the relationship between MST treatment experience and MST treatment adherence, the analysis showed mixed results. An increase in years that a team had been active predicted an increase in therapist adherence to MST. Therapists from the 2nd implementation wave had higher therapist adherence rates than therapists from the 1st implementation wave. Nevertheless, a therapists' experience with MST did not predict MST treatment adherence. The results suggest that the found links among treatment experience, treatment adherence, and treatment outcomes provide support for the hypothesis that the collective experience of the team members promotes treatment adherence. However, results are mixed and further research is needed.
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| 7. |
- Andrée Löfholm, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av Multisystemisk terapi för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem : resultat efter fem år
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Multisystemisk terapi (MST) är en strukturerad familje- och närmiljöbaserad öppenvårdsbehandling inom socialtjänsten för ungdomar med beteendeproblem. Det här är den tredje och sista delstudien i en utvärdering som undersökt hur MST har fungerat jämfört med socialtjänstens traditionella insatser. Undersökningsgruppen består av 156 ungdomar som genom randomisering fördelades till MST eller traditionell behandling. I den här rapporten undersöks ungdomarnas situation under en femårsperiod med hjälp av information från olika register.Resultaten visar att:Ungdomarna har fått ett stort antal insatser från socialtjänsten under femårsperioden, både inom öppenvård och i form av placeringar utom hemmet. Två av fem (39%) ungdomar har varit aktuella för en eller flera insatser under mer än två år sammantaget. Nästan hälften (47%) har vid något tillfälle varit placerade utom hemmet.Två tredjedelar (69%) av ungdomarna har dömts för ett eller flera brott under uppföljningsperioden. Vanligast var tillgreppsbrott, personbrott och narkotikabrott. Andelen ungdomar som lagfördes för brott varierade inte nämnvärt under de fem åren.Nästan fyra av tio ungdomar (38%) hade antingen fått vård inom psykiatrins öppen- eller slutenvård (26%) eller vård inom hälso- och sjukvården för missbruksproblematik (17%). Var femte ungdom (19%) har varit i slutenvård för missbruk och/eller psykiatri.Resultaten visar att MST och traditionella insatser var lika effektiva för den undersökta gruppen ungdomar.MST-gruppens ungdomar har i genomsnitt kostat samhället 112 000 mer än ungdomar som fått traditionella insatser. Totalt har de 156 ungdomarna lågt räknat kostat 154,7 miljoner under de fem åren.En av bakgrundsfaktorerna, kön, kan ha haft en differentierande effekt på behandlingen; flickor i MST-gruppen var mindre kriminellt belastade än de i den traditionella gruppen, medan det omvända förhållandet gällde för pojkarna. Detta resultat är dock mindre tillförlitligt och behöver följas upp i fortsatt forskning.Resultatens betydelse för socialtjänstens fortsatta utvecklingsarbete diskuteras avslutningsvis.
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| 8. |
- Ascher, Henry, 1953, et al.
(author)
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Stöd till ensamkommande barn och unga – effekter, erfarenheter och upplevelser
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Begreppet ensamkommande barn innefattar enligt svensk lag asylsökande barn under 18 år som vid ankomsten till mottagarlandet är skilda från såväl föräldrar som annan vuxen person som kan anses ha trätt in i föräldrarnas ställe, eller barn som efter ankomsten står utan sådan ställföreträdare. Vår systematiska genomgång av den vetenskapliga litteraturen har inte funnit några kontrollerade studier som har undersökt eller jämfört effekter av olika stödjande insatser för ensamkommande barn och unga. Vår systematiska genomgång av forskning som på olika sätt belyser ensamkommande barns och ungas erfarenheter och upplevelser av vad som främjar och hämmar deras sociala integrering, psykiska och fysiska hälsa och funktionsförmåga, har resulterat i sju övergripande teman (teman på nivå tre*): – Säkerhet och kontroll: En grundläggande förutsättning. Ensamkommande barns och ungas erfarenheter av trauma och förlust, i kombination med osäkerhet om framtiden, innebär en brist på grundläggande trygghet, kontroll och säkerhet. Det präglar starkt tillvaron och påverkar välbefinnandet och förmågan att hantera sin vardag och sina svårigheter samt att kunna se en framtid. – Det nya landet: Både möjligheter och svårigheter. Ensamkommande barn och unga uttrycker en stark motivation att utbilda sig, att anpassa sig till det nya landet och att ta vara på de möjligheter som finns. Samtidigt beskrivs strukturella och sociala hinder samt svårigheter kopplade till att befinna sig i en ny kulturell och samhällelig kontext. Allt detta kan hämma en positiv utveckling av hälsa, integration och funktionsförmåga. – Att hantera svårigheter: En balans mellan olika strategier. Copingstrategier (strategier för att med tankar och beteenden hantera svårigheter) såsom undvikande, flykt och positivt tänkande, kan fungera främjande men ibland också hindrande för hälsa, integration och funktionsförmåga. Religion kan upplevas som betydelsefull för välmående och förmåga att hantera svårigheter. – Vardagsmiljöer: Stödjande relationer, inflytande i boende och tillgång till skola och aktiviteter är viktigt. Ensamkommande barn och unga framhåller stöd, goda relationer och eget inflytande i boendet samt måltider i boendet som viktiga, oberoende av boendeform. Skolan upplevs som viktig för inlärning, välmående och relationer. Betydelsen av stöd och råd från vuxna i skola och i förhållande till skola och utbildning understryks. När det gäller skolan som plats för att utveckla relationer med jämnåriga beskrivs både positiva och negativa erfarenheter. Fritidsaktiviteter beskrivs som viktiga för att må bra, för att bygga sociala relationer och återskapa mening i tillvaron. – Relationer: Stöd och vägledning från vuxna är betydelsefullt, kontakt med jämnåriga viktigt men också svårt. Ensamkommande barn och unga lyfter betydelsen av vägledning, stöd, kontinuitet men också möjligheter till inflytande och självständighet i relation till vuxna. Relationer till jämnåriga upplevs som viktigt men också svårt. Relationer till biologisk familj innebär både saknad och stöd. Beroende på kvaliteten i de olika relationerna kan de fungera hämmande eller främjande för välbefinnande och utveckling. – Socialtjänst och hälso- och sjukvård: Varierande uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av stöd och behov. Ensamkommande barn och unga upplever socialtjänsten som viktig för grundläggande stöd, men också att stödet inte är tillräckligt. De uttrycker varierande uppfattningar om och erfarenheter av psykologiskt stöd från hälso- och sjukvården. – Identitet och tillhörighet: Att få ihop det förflutna, nuet och framtiden. Ensamkommande barn och unga strävar efter att både bevara modersmål och kultur och att anpassa sig till det nya landet samt att bevara relationer till personer i ursprungslandet och att stödja dem. De kan kämpa med att få ihop sin tillhörighet. Religion kan vara ett sätt att skapa en kontinuitet i tillvaron. * Teman på nivå tre är formulerade så att de centrala budskapen ska framgå. De har använts för att ordna och presentera resultatet på ett enkelt och läsvänligt sätt. Temana har kondenserats utifrån samtliga andra nivåns teman, oavsett evidensstyrka.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Berge, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Parental Awareness of Substance Use Among Adolescents in a Junior High School Sample
- 2015
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In: Journal of Drug Issues. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0426 .- 1945-1369. ; 45:3, s. 263-278
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a lack of studies assessing parental awareness of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and drug use in the general adolescent population. A total of 1,426 adolescents aged 14 to 16, and their parents, answered questions about adolescent substance use annually during junior high school. Sensitivity for parental report of adolescent substance use was low: 5.6% to 26% for drunkenness, 14.3% to 20.6% for cigarettes, and 4.9% to 12% for illicit drugs. Higher age and higher frequency of use were positively associated with parental awareness of drunkenness and cigarette use. Female sex was associated with higher parental awareness of drunkenness. Higher school performance was negatively associated with parental awareness of drunkenness in Grade 9 and with cigarette use in Grades 8 to 9. Parental awareness of adolescent drunkenness, and cigarette and illicit drug use in the general population is low. Factors of importance for parental awareness are identified.
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| 11. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem – Treatment Foster Care Oregon. En systematisk översikt och utvärdering inklusive ekonomiska och etiska aspekter
- 2018
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Varje år placeras ungefär 2 000 ungdomar på institution på grund av allvarliga beteendeproblem. Ungdomarna placeras då antingen på särskilda ungdomshem eller på kommunala eller privata Hem för vård eller boende (HVB). En alternativ placering för dessa ungdomar är i en så kallad behandlingsfamilj. Det är en tidsbegränsad insats där utbildade familjehemsföräldrar tillsammans med ett team bedriver behandling. En version av behandlingsfamilj är Treatment Foster Care Oregon (TFCO). TFCO finns i begränsad omfattning i Sverige sedan början av 2000-talet. Slutsatser När ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem placeras i TFCO, leder detta troligtvis till mindre fortsatt kriminalitet och färre placeringar på låst avdelning än när ungdomarna placeras på institution. Det är också möjligt att TFCO leder till färre kriminella kamrater, mindre användning av narkotika och bättre psykisk hälsa, än vid placering på institution. TFCO kostar i genomsnitt mindre än placering på särskilda ungdomshem och något mer än på HVB, om man räknar med att vårdtiderna är desamma. Väger man in antaganden om långsiktiga effekter är TFCO kostnadsbesparande för samhället jämfört med placering på särskilda ungdomshem eller HVB. Idag får cirka 30–40 ungdomar i Sverige årligen tillgång till TFCO. Om fler ska få tillgång måste fler behandlingsteam inrättas, vilket kortsiktigt medför kostnader för utbildning och certifiering. behandlingsfamiljer för ungdomar med allvarliga beteendeproblem – treatment foster care oregon Alternativet till behandlingsfamiljer är institutionsvård som ofta kompletteras med olika behandlingsmetoder. Kunskapen om metodernas nytta och risker är bristfällig eftersom det saknas studier. Ur ett etiskt perspektiv är det angeläget att få tillförlitlig kunskap om för- och nackdelar med de övriga kompletterande behandlingar som används.
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| 12. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Interventions in child welfare : A Swedish inventory
- 2023
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In: Child & Family Social Work. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 28:1, s. 117-124
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Swedish child welfare, there are no mandatory guidelines on what interventions to use. Local authorities are able to set their own criteria for implementing or designing interventions. We carried out a survey to identify interventions in use in Children's Social Services and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Care in Sweden. A total of 102 interventions were stated to have been in use, with between 31 and 45 different interventions for each of the four different child welfare populations. Of the 102 interventions, 56 were designed outside Sweden and later imported. Only 27 interventions were supported with some kind of research evidence. About half of the interventions targeted the child. Possible implications for practice and research are discussed.
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| 13. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Interventions in Foster Family Care: A Systematic Review
- 2020
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In: Research on social work practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581. ; 30:1, s. 3-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Foster family care is associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences for the child. A systematic review was conducted on interventions for foster children and foster careers. Method: A comprehensive search process was used to find eligible interventions evaluated in randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. The quality of studies was assessed with GRADE, and effects were synthesized using meta-analytic methods. Results: In all, 28 publications of 18 interventions, including 5,357 children, were identified. Only three specific interventions had sufficient confidence of evidence. No study had examined tools for foster parent selection nor had evaluated preservice programs related to outcomes. Discussion: These analyses provide new insights and hope into the field of systematic interventions in foster care. The overall results indicate that it is possible to improve eight outcomes but cannot point out which programs are superior. Ethically, social care organizations should systematically collect knowledge about effects and side effects.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bergström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Treatment Foster Care Oregon for seriously delinquent adolescents: A systematic review and assessment including economic and ethical aspects
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Approximately 2,000 adolescents are annually placed in residential care in Sweden due to their behavior problems. Those adolescents also have substantially increased risks of mental and physiological problems at time of care entry, while in care and in adulthood. An alternative to residential care is Treatment Foster Care Oregon, TFCO (previously called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care). TFCO has been available in Sweden since the beginning of the 2000s. This report reviews and synthesizes the evidence regarding TFCO for seriously delinquent adolescents.
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| 16. |
- Brunnberg, Elinor, 1948-
(author)
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I välfärdens skugga : socialt arbete med barn i Sverige och England
- 2001
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva skillnader och likheter i socialtjänstens och Personal social services arbete med barn i Sverige och England. Vid insamlandet av det empiriska materialet har två lokala områden - Örebro och Leicestershire framförallt fokuserats. I Örebro har även jämförelser över tid gjorts mellan 1992 och 1998/1999. Studiens design har varit att socialarbetare i Sverige och England, fått ta bedöma samma fiktiva fallbeskrivning - en vinjett. Socialarbetarna har även kvalitativt intervjuats och besvarat ett frågeformulär. I studien har även en enkät om tillgången på barnomsorg besvarats av 38 mellansvenska kommuner. Jämförelser har gjorts med det engelska countiet dvs. två befolkningsmässigt lika stora områden. Resultat från studien visar att den offentliga barnomsorgen i det engelska countiet är begränsad. En ministödsmodell där familjestödet och den offentliga barnomsorgen ges i begränsad omfattning tycks gälla. England är en 'femalecarer' stat. Familjestödet och den offentliga barnomsorgen är däremot i Sverige mer omfattande och kan sägas utgå från en behovsmodell. Sverige kan beskrivas som en 'dualcarer' stat där den andra vårdande parten förutom kvinnorna är staten. I en vinjettstudie där socialarbetare i de båda länderna bedömt ett utsatt barns situation reagerar svenska och engelska socialarbetare olika. De svenska socialarbetarna vill engagera sig i en mindre problemfylld situation än de engelska. I en sannolik misshandelssituation vill socialarbetarna i den svenska kommunen oftare än de engelska socialarbetarna omhänderta barnet. Vad som är 'det bästa' för barnet bedöms olika. Ett skyddande barnperspektiv tycks ha förstärkts i den svenska kommunen under 1990-talet. De svenska socialarbetarna ville 1998/1999 oftare än 1992 omhänderta och placera barnet någon annanstans än i familjen. Trots de skilda attityder svenska och engelska socialarbetare visar i vinjettstudien omhändertas förhållandevis ungefär lika många barn i verkligheten i Sverige och England. Den svenska socialtjänsten tycks vara mer accepterad och paternalistisk än den engelska, som är mer ifrågasatt och där familjeautonomin prioriteras samtidigt som staten även i England skyddar och ger stöd till barn i utsatta situationer. Synen på fysisk bestraffning av barn är olika. Även barnens levnadsvillkor skiljer sig åt bl.a. genom att betydligt fler engelska än svenska barn växer upp i fattigdom. Socialarbetarna i båda länderna bedömde sin professionella status på mellan eller låg nivå. De svenska socialarbetarna upplevde dock att de befann sig i medvind medan de engelska socialarbetarna befann sig i motvind.
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| 17. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(author)
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An empirical test of a diffusion framework for school-based prevention : the 21 Swedish junior high school study
- 2015
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In: Journal of community psychology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0090-4392 .- 1520-6629. ; 43:7, s. 811-831
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is a three year, quasi-experimental trial of an intervention diffusion framework. There were 11 intervention and 10 control junior high schools located in either a large Swedish city or the Swedish countryside. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to evaluate a two-level model (1337 students nested in 85 classrooms), outcomes: internalizing and externalizing problems, substance use, socio-emotional competence, and perception of a positive school environment. Results showed that framework-related benefits were predominately shown either for one gender or one gender living in a particular setting. Changes were also primarily of a buffering character, in which a subgroup of comparison participants showed a poorer pattern of change relative to intervention participants. Study results provide evidence for discourse about what is an optimal level of choice for intervention stakeholders to have when implementing interventions and provides an empirical test of a diffusion framework in routine practice, outside of the United States.
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| 18. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Tinkering with Perfection : Theory Development in the Intervention Cultural Adaptation Field
- 2012
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In: Child and Youth Care Forum. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1053-1890 .- 1573-3319. ; 41:2, s. 149-171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Testing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) outside of their home countryhas become increasingly commonplace. There is a need for theoretically guided researchon how to best create and test the effects of culturally adapted interventions.Objective To illustrate how the field might raise the scientific and practical value offuture effectiveness and dissemination trials of culturally adapted interventions, as well asto provide support for theoretically informed research on this subject to take greater root.Methods Nine theories that offer guidance on how to adapt existing EBIs for a newcultural group were summarized and evaluated.Results Commonalities among the selected theories included a focus on the need forcollaboration as part of the adaptation process and shared emphasis on taking systematicsteps to select an intervention to adapt, as well as calls for adaptations to be guided byspecific types of empirical studies. Among the theories, variability existed in terms of whatconstituted an adaptation.Conclusions As EBIs go global, intervention adaptation promises to be the subject ofsubstantial future scholarly attention. There is a need to develop systematic evidence-basedmethods that allow for some degree of adaptation, while still bringing about EBIs’ desiredbenefits.
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| 19. |
- Ferrer-Wreder, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Utvärdering av importerade interventioner
- 2012
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In: Att göra effektutvärderingar. - Stockholm : Gothia Förlag AB. - 9789172058385 ; , s. 205-222
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Bokinformation: Varje år berörs hundratusentals personer av psykosociala och pedagogiska interventioner. Det handlar exempelvis om behandling av missbruk, insatser för utsatta barn och läsundervisning i grundskolan. Endast undantagsvis har dessa interventioner utvärderats, vilket innebär att vi inte vet vilken effekt de har eller om de rentav kan skada. I antologin Att göra effektutvärderingar beskrivs hur man genomför effektutvärderingar, som ger kunskap om hur interventioner fungerar. Boken ger detaljerad och praktisk vägledning som är till nytta för alla som är intresserade av att lära sig mer om effektutvärderingar – både forskarstuderande och forskare som redan ansvarat för effektutvärderingar. Ämnen som tas upp är bland annat forskningsetik, studiedesign, mätinstrument, urval och rekrytering av undersökningspersoner, datainsamling, ekonomiska analyser, dataanalys och tolkning samt rapportskrivning. Bokens författare har lång erfarenhet inom området och representerar olika discipliner såsom psykologi, folkhälsovetenskap, socialt arbete, pedagogik, statistik, epidemiologi, sociologi, evolutionsbiologi, medicinsk vetenskap och datavetenskap. Redaktör för boken är Knut Sundell, docent i psykologi och socialråd på Socialstyrelsen, som har lång erfarenhet av att utvärdera interventioner inom förskola, skola och socialtjänst.
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| 20. |
- Forster, Martin, et al.
(author)
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A randomized controlled trial of a standardized behavior management intervention for students with externalizing behavior
- 2012
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In: Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1063-4266 .- 1538-4799. ; 20:3, s. 169-183
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study reports the results from a Swedish randomized controlled trial of a standardized behavior management intervention. The intervention targeted students with externalizing behavior in a regular education setting. First- and second-grade students (N = 100) from 38 schools were randomly assigned to either the intervention or an active comparison group. Observer, teacher, and peer ratings were collected at pretest, posttest (6 months later), and follow-up (14 months after pretest). Significant intervention effects were found on student externalizing behavior and teacher behavior management at both posttest and follow-up. The intervention effect on student externalizing behavior was mediated by change in teacher behavior. Moderating effects of demographic and classroom variables were explored, as well as the social validity of the intervention. The results are discussed in relation to cost-effectiveness and feasibility of behavioral interventions in typical school settings.
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| 21. |
- Forster, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Charlie och Komet : utvärdering av två lärarprogram för elever med beteendeproblem
- 2005
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I de flesta klasser finns det elever med beteendeproblem. Dessa elever beskrivs ofta som svåra att undervisa, de kräver lärarens oavbrutna uppmärksamhet och uppfattas rent allmänt som besvärliga. Att tidigt uppvisa beteendeproblem innebär samtidigt ökad risk för olika typer av svårigheter senare i livet. Denna rapport utvärderar hur två lärarbaserade program kan hjälpa dessa elever. Resultaten baseras på 135 lärare från 63 skolor med elever i årskurs 1 och 2. Lärarna rekryterades under tre på varandra följande terminer. Lärarna fördelades slumpmässigt till utbildning i programmet KOMET eller CHARLIE. En del av lärarna som fick CHARLIE fick vänta i sex månader innan utbildningen påbörjades. På så sätt kunde effekterna av programmen jämföras med utvecklingen i en klass utan program. Från varje klass valdes en elev med beteendeproblem ut, det vill säga 135 elever. Denna rapport handlar om programmens effekter för dessa elever. Lärarskattningar, kamratskattningar, självskattningar och observationer genomfördes efter randomiseringen, efter sex månader och efter 14 månader. Resultaten visar inga statistiskt säkerställda skillnader mellan grupperna efter sex månader. Efter 14 månader hade eleverna i KOMET-gruppen mindre beteendeproblem, i synnerhet hyperaktivitet. De hade även mindre kamratproblem. KOMET hade även positiva effekter på lärarnas beteenden efter 14 månader. Det var drygt dubbelt så stor chans att en elev i KOMETgruppen skulle bedömas som ett lyckat fall efter 14 månader jämfört med en elev i CHARLIEgruppen.
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| 22. |
- Forster, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Clinical Significance of Parent Training for Children with Conduct Problems
- 2012
-
In: International Journal of Conflict and Violence. - 1864-1385. ; 6:2, s. 187-200
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While there is a strong evidence base for behavioral parent training in the treatment ofchild conduct problems, the clinical impact is less well known. Meta-analyses report effect sizes in the medium range, but the common practice of reporting "small," "medium," and "large" effects can be misleading and difficult to understand for practitioners and clients. There is a need for more research addressing the clinical significance of behavioral parent training, which would help to bridge the gap between research and practice. In the first part of this report, a reanalysis in termsof clinical significance of two outcome studies published by the authors was conducted. In the second part, the results from the first part were compared to six outcome studies published by other authors. The median number needed to treat across studies was five, which means that forevery five treated children, one shows reliable change and moves from the dysfunctional to the functional population.
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| 23. |
- Forster, Martin, 1971-
(author)
-
When Cheap is Good : Cost-Effective Parent and Teacher Interventions for Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is strong empirical support for behavioral parent training (BPT) as an intervention for children with externalizing behavior problems (EBP). However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the effectiveness of BPT in routine care. Furthermore, most families in need of service do not gain access to it. Another issue of concern is that a sizable portion of children who take part in BPT does not show clinical significant improvement. With regard to behavioral teacher training (BTT) for students with EBP, there is a paucity of intervention trials using randomized design. The training procedures have rarely been standardized, which have resulted in interventions that are dependent upon heavy involvement of external consultants. To improve the accessibility to service for students with EBP, intervention models that are feasible for typical school personnel need to be developed. Study I investigated the effects of BPT in routine care. The participants were randomized to BPT with full practitioner support (BPT-P), self-administered BPT with minimal practitioner support (BPT-S), or a waitlist control group (WL). The study showed that BPT implemented by briefly trained social service employees (BPT-P) resulted in at least as large effects as previous efficacy studies. PMT-S also showed significant effects compared to the WL, but was less effective than PMT-P. Improvements in child behaviors were mediated by improved parenting behaviors. Study II investigated the effects of an enhanced version of the BPT-program from study I. The program targeted families with risk factors for non-response that were referred to service within the social services. The results showed strong intervention effects on child EBP and parent anxiety/depression for enhanced BPT compared to regular BPT. Study III used a randomized design to evaluate the effects of a standardized and feasible BTT program. At both posttest and follow-up, significant effects favoring the BTT-group over the active control group were found on student EBP, teacher behavior management, and peer problems. The study also showed that the effect on student EBP was mediated by change in teacher behavior management.
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| 24. |
- Galanti, Maria Rosaria, et al.
(author)
-
School environment and mental health in early adolescence - a longitudinal study in Sweden (KUPOL)
- 2016
-
In: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Longitudinal studies indicate strong associations between school proficiency and indicators of mental health throughout adulthood, but the mechanisms of such associations are not fully elucidated. The Kupol study is a prospective cohort study in Sweden set up in order to: (i) describe the association of school pedagogic and social environment and its specific dimensions with the risk of mental ill-health and psychiatric disorders in adolescence; (ii) evaluate the direct effects of school pedagogic and social environment on mental health and the effects mediated by the individual's academic achievements; and (iii) assess if school pedagogic and social environment are associated with mental ill-health through epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those involving genes regulating the response to stress.Methods: The Kupol cohort at baseline consists of 3959 children attending the 7th grade of compulsory school (13-14 years old) in 8 regions of central Sweden in the school years 2013-2014 or 2014-2015. Three follow-up surveys in subsequent years are planned. Teachers' and students' perceptions of the culture, climate and ethos of their schools, and students' mental ill-health are assessed at the whole school level by annual questionnaire surveys. In order to conduct epigenetic analyses saliva specimens are collected from a nested sample of students at inception and two years later. Further, class-, family-and child-level information is collected at baseline and during each year of follow-up. Self-reported information is being complemented with register data via record-linkages to national and regional health and administrative registers.Discussion: The topic being investigated is new, and the sample constitutes the largest adolescent cohort in Sweden involved in an ad hoc study. Epigenetic analyses centered on environmental cues to stress response are a thoroughly new approach. Finally a notable feature is the multi-informant and multi-method data collection, with surveys at the school, class, family, and student level. Collaboration and data access: interested investigators should contact the coordinating centre. Additional information is available on the study's website, http://kupolstudien.se/.
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| 25. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Blueprints in Sweden. Symptom load in Swedish adolescents in studies of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC).
- 2007
-
In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 61:6, s. 443-451
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to compare symptom load in youth groups treated with three Swedish Blueprint programmes - Functional Family Therapy (FFT), Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) - to see if symptom load matches the intensity of the treatment model as expected. These youth groups were also compared with in- and outpatients from child and adolescent psychiatry, and a normal comparison group. In addition, we compared the symptom load of their mothers. Symptom load was measured by the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) in the adolescents, and by the Symptom Checklist 90 in their mothers. The results showed that youth in the MST and MTFC studies had a higher symptom load than in the FFT study, and the same pattern of results was found in their mothers. It is concluded that there seems to be a reasonable correspondence between the offered resources and the symptom load among youth and parents; treatment methods with higher intensity have been offered to youth with higher symptom load. The correlation between internalized and externalized symptoms was high in all study groups. The MST and MTFC groups had an equally high total symptom load as the psychiatric inpatient sample.
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| 26. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Implementation of evidence-based models in social work practice: practitioners' perspectives on an MST trial in Sweden
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1067-828X .- 1547-0652. ; 17:3, s. 111-125
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The implementation of new treatment methods in social work practice is warranted. Moreover, little is known about professionals' attitudes toward the introduction of evidence-based practices into their communities. Therefore,this article reports on the implementation of a Swedish research project that evaluated Multisystemic Therapy (MST). All investigating social workers in a community-based social work practice and their supervisors completed a questionnaire concerning attitudes toward the research project, as well as attitudes toward MST as a treatment method. A large majority of participants were positive toward the research project, felt sufficiently informed, and thought that the implementation occurred at an appropriate pace. Likewise, participants felt positively toward the adoption of MST as a treatment method, toward evidence-based research in general, and in their affinity toward community-family-based services. On the other hand, investigating social workers differed in their practice attitudes. Potential reasons for these discrepancies, including the influence of top-down implementation, differences in experience, and differences due to the position held are discussed.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gustle, Lars-Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Multisystemic therapy project in Sweden: what factors affect the tendency of social workers to refer subjects to the research project?
- 2007
-
In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 16:4, s. 358-366
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines some of the factors that may have affected the tendency for social workers to refer adolescents to a randomised controlled study of multisystemic therapy (MST). If we are to improve integration between researchers and the clinical setting in the future, it is important to consider those factors that affect implementation of research projects and evidence-based treatment methods. Evidence-based methods that lack the support of clinicians will have problems surviving in clinical practice. In the present study, we found that social workers' treatment ideology was associated with referral rate. Social workers who sympathised with the ideology on which MST is based referred patients to the project to a greater extent. Moreover, we found that the perception of a good work climate and good social support correlated positively with the referral rate from the unit. The results suggest that when implementing evidence-based methods, or research projects on treatment methods, researchers should consider whether the method is consistent with the current treatment ideology within the unit. Working conditions in the unit should also be considered.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Hessle, Sven, et al.
(author)
-
Sociala barnavårdsutredningar
- 1996
-
In: Barnet i den sociala barnavården / Cebtrum för utvärdering av socialt arbete. - Sth : Liber. - 914700018X ; , s. 124-157
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 32. |
- Karlberg, Martin, 1969-
(author)
-
Skol-Komet : Tre utvärderingar av ett program för beteendeorienterat ledarskap i klassrummet
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Children who express externalizing behaviors in school are at greater risk of school failure and peer rejection. They are also at greater risk of developing antisocial behaviors, addiction to drugs, mental health problems and delinquency. Many teachers experience difficulties in working with pupils expressing externalizing behaviors. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate a classroom behavior management program called Comet. The main principle of Comet is to get the teacher to use effective strategies when the pupil who is targeted for intervention, and the rest of class, are behaving appropriately and inappropriately. Two versions of the program are evaluated in the thesis: Comet for teachers (Comet-T) and Comet for parents (Comet-P). Three studies are committed to evaluate Comet-T. In the first study Comet-T was compared to an active control group. 100 children (aged 8) were randomized into Comet-T or the control group. At post test and follow-up Comet-T received a better results in reducing externalizing problems, peer problems and teacher behavior management. An analysis of mediators showed that changes in teacher behaviors mediated externalizing behavior. In the second study, children (aged 6 -13) were randomized into two groups. 44 pupils received Comet-T and 42 pupils received a combined intervention consisting of Comet-T at school and Comet-P at home. At post test and follow-up the results show that the combination of Comet-T and Comet-P reduced the externalizing behaviors at home more than Comet-T (only). However, there were no significant differences between the two conditions regarding decrease in externalizing behaviors at school. In the third study Comet-T was compared to a brief version called Comet-TB. At post test Comet-TB had a greater reduction of externalizing behaviors compared to Comet-T. The studies conclude that teachers can use behavior management techniques to decrease externalizing behaviors in the classroom. Furthermore, teachers cannot rely on parent management programs in order to decrease externalizing problems in school. Instead, behavior problems in school need to be solved within school settings. Finally, even a brief program can be effective in order to decrease externalizing behaviors.
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| 33. |
- Karlberg, Martin, 1969-, et al.
(author)
-
Skolk : sund protest eller riskbeteende?
- 2004
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Synen på olovlig frånvaro från skolan – skolk – varierar. Grovt sett finns det två konkurrerande synsätt. Det ena betraktas skolk som berättigad protest mot en skola som inte förmår ge eleverna arbetsglädje och en sund reaktion på en skola som inte tillgodoser elevernas behov. Det andra synsättet är att skolk är ett uttryck för ungdomens en i hög grad riskfylld livssituation där skolmisslyckande går hand i hand med missbruk och kriminalitet. Den här rapporten belyser dessa två synsätt med hjälp av tidigare forskning och med data från Stockholms drogvaneinventering från 2002. Elever i grundskolans år 9 och gymnasiets år 2 som uppger att de skolkat jämförs med dem som inte gjort det vad gäller social bakgrund, drogvanor, annan kriminalitet samt skolanpassning. Resultaten visar att: · 34 procent av flickorna och 29 procent av pojkarna i grundskolans år nio hade skolkat minst en gång under den senaste tioveckorsperioden. Ungefär en elev per klass (fyra procent) hade skolkat mer än tio gånger. I gymnasieskolan hade 59 procent av flickorna och 57 procent av pojkarna skolkat under samma period. Ungefär var sextonde flicka och var tionde pojke i gymnasieskolans andra år hade skolkat mer än tio gånger. · Skolkarna var jämt fördelade över Stockholms alla stadsdelar. De skolkande eleverna kom oftare från hem med endast en förälder. Grundskoleleverna som skolkat mer än tio gånger hade dessutom oftare invandrarbakgrund och föräldrar med grundskola som högsta utbildning. Den övervägande majoriteten av skolkarna kom dock från helsvenska hem med föräldrar som förvärvsarbetade. · Skolkarna var som grupp betraktat avsevärt mer kriminella än övriga elever. Det gäller alla typer av undersökta brott, mängden brott, andel som debuterat tidigt med brottslighet och andel som åkt fast för polisen. Ungdomar som skolkat var också oftare själva offer för brottslighet. · Skolkarna var i högre utsträckning högkonsumenter av tobak, alkohol, lösningsmedel, narkotika, doping samt sömn-/lugnande medel utan läkarrecept. De var även överrepresenterade bland dem som debuterat tidigt med droger, en faktor som kraftigt ökar risken för framtida drogproblem. · De som skolkat trivdes något sämre i skolan, upplevde sig ha mindre kontroll över sin situation i skolan, hade mindre uthållighet, var oftare arga och irriterade, fuskade oftare i skolan samt mobbade oftare andra och blev själva oftare mobbade (notera att uppgifterna om mobbning gäller endast pojkar). Bland eleverna som skolkat var det även betydligt vanligare att sakna betyg i minst ett av kärnämnena svenska, engelska och matematik. · Skolkarna bestämde oftare själva när de skulle komma hem på kvällarna, färre av dem anförtrodde sig till föräldrarna vid problem och de umgicks mindre ofta med föräldrarna. Skolkarnas föräldrar kände mindre ofta till var barnen var på helgerna och vilka de umgicks med. De serverade också oftare sina ungdomar alkohol i hemmet. De ungdomar som skolkade umgicks oftare med kamrater som använder tobak, alkohol och narkotika respektive som hade åkt fast för polisen på grund av brottslighet. Flera av dem hade även debuterat sexuellt och det var vanligare bland dem att ha haft samlag utan preventivmedel. · Samtliga ovan uppräknade riskbeteenden ökade i förekomst ju mer ungdomarna hade skolkat. Det finns dock en liten grupp elever som skolkar regelbundet men som inte begått brott, använt droger etcetera. Sammantaget visar resultaten att de skolkande eleverna var kriminella i högre utsträckning än de som inte skolkat, flera av dem använde droger, de begick oftare allvarliga regelbrott i skolan och hade oftare ofullständiga betyg i kärnämnena, deras föräldrar hade sämre insyn i deras liv, de umgicks oftare med asociala kamrater och de hade oftare debuterat sexuellt samt haft oskyddad sex. Det finns således föga i resultaten som talar för att skolk ska betraktas som en konstruktiv, sund protest eller ett friskhetstecken. Resultaten talar istället för att skolk ska betraktas som en markör för en generell asocial karriär. Rapporten avslutas med en diskussion om skolans ansvar för att förebygga skolk.
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| 34. |
- Kling, Åsa, et al.
(author)
-
A Randomized Controlled Effectiveness Trial of Parent Management Training With Varying Degrees of Therapist Support
- 2010
-
In: Behavior Therapy. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 41:4, s. 530-542
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examined the effectiveness of a Swedish parent management training (PMT) intervention for parents of children aged 3 to 10 within the context of regular social service. Self-referred parents of 159 children (aged 3–10) with conduct problems were randomly assigned to either eleven practitioner-assisted group sessions (PMT-P), or a single instructional workshop followed by self-administration of the training material (PMT-S), or a waitlist control group. Intent-to-treat analyses showed that both PMT-P and PMT-S improved parent competence and reduced child conduct problems compared to the waitlist at posttest. Both training conditions showed further significant improvements at the 6-month follow-up. In direct comparison, PMT-P was superior to PMT-S on measures of child conduct problems at both posttest and follow-up. Improvement in child conduct was mediated by improvement in parent competencies and homework fidelity. The findings in this study have implications for large-scale dissemination of parent management training through different means of delivery.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Löfholm, Cecilia Andrée, et al.
(author)
-
Multisystemic therapy with conductdisordered young people: Stability of treatment outcomes two years after intake
- 2009
-
In: Evidence and Policy. - 1744-2648 .- 1744-2656. ; 5, s. 373-397
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transfer of successful interventions between different contexts is of increasing interest to policy makers, practitioners and researchers. This study considers the findings of a Swedish trial of murtisystemic therapy (MST) in relation to the findings of other such trials in the US and Norway. The trial assessed treatment outcomes two years after referral to MST or treatment as usual (TAU) for 156 young people meeting the diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder A mixed factorial design was used.With an intent-to-treat approach, the results showed a general decrease in psychiatric problems and antisocial behaviours among participants across treatments. There were no significant differences between the two groups, and the lack of treatment effect did not appear to be caused by site differences or variations in programme maturity. © The Policy Press.
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| 37. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Numbers of publications and citations for researchers in fields pertinent to the social services : a comparison of peer-reviewed journal publications across six disciplines
- 2022
-
In: Scientometrics. - : Springer. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 127, s. 6029-6046
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Timely dissemination of knowledge is essential and fosters development of knowledge both within academe and the wider society, not least for knowledge that serves practises outside of academia. Here, we compare six disciplines which provide health-related knowledge that serve the health and social services. Most previous research compares the size and impact of the body of publications belonging to each discipline, which ignores the distribution of seniority, productivity, and impact amongst researchers. Instead, we consider the whole population of academics in Sweden employed or active within each discipline, including those who have nil publications. The disciplines form three clusters, where researchers in Public Health and Nursing and Caring science claim about 15 articles per author, Psychology about 10, and Education, Sociology and Social Work less than four. Their numbers of citations follow the same pattern, and are substantially correlated with the number of articles. Tenured or full professors had about 50% more publications and citations per publication than had associate professors. The distributions indicate clear modes at 0, 4, and 16 publications for each cluster, and provide the proportions of researchers within each discipline who have no such publications at all. We discuss the implications of these results for policy, practice, and knowledge quality in the social services and the welfare sector.
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| 38. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(author)
-
Sex differences in scientific productivity and impact are largely explained by the proportion of highly productive individuals : a whole-population study of researchers across six disciplines in Sweden
- 2024
-
In: Studies in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 0307-5079 .- 1470-174X. ; 49:1, s. 119-140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sex differences in human performance have been documented across a wide array of human endeavours. Males tend to exhibit higher performance in intellectually demanding and competitive domains, and this difference tends to be more pronounced the higher the level of performance. Here, we analyse publishing performance for the whole population of associate and full professors in relatively sex-balanced disciplines, namely Education, Nursing and Caring Science, Psychology, Public Health, Sociology, and Social Work, comprising 426 women and 562 men. We find that sex differences in the number of publications, citations, and citations per publication were small across low and medium levels of productivity, but become more pronounced the higher the level of performance. In the top performing 10% the female proportion decreases from the average 43.2% to 26% (25 F, 71 M), which further decreases to 15% in the top 5%. The results are discussed with respect to the greater male variability hypothesis, sex differences in psychological traits, and environmental factors such as sex discrimination.
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| 39. |
- Modin, Bitte, et al.
(author)
-
Psychosocial working conditions, school sense of coherence and subjective health complaints : A multilevel analysis of ninth grade pupils in the Stockholm area
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 34:1, s. 129-139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores the psychosocial working conditions of 7930 Swedish 9th grade students, distributed over 475 classes and 130 schools, in relation to their subjective health using multilevel modeling. At the individual level, students with “strained” working conditions in school (i.e. those experiencing a high level of demands in combination with a low level of control) demonstrated significantly worse health compared to students in “low-strain” situations. “Strained” conditions in combination with a weak school-related sense of coherence were especially unfavourable for health. These findings remained significant when support from teachers, school marks, norm-breaking behaviours, family-relations and certain class- and school-contextual conditions were adjusted for. Thus, while demands are an essential part of school work, this study suggests that high levels of control and a strong school-related sense of coherence can protect against the more detrimental effects on health that high demands at school may cause.
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| 40. |
- Olsson, Tina M., et al.
(author)
-
Adapted, Adopted, and Novel Interventions : A Whole-Population Meta-Analytic Replication of Intervention Effects
- 2023
-
In: Research on social work practice. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7315 .- 1552-7581.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: A challenge to implementation is management of the adaptation-fidelity dilemma or the balance between adopting an intervention with fidelity while assuring fit when transferred between contexts. A prior meta-analysis found that adapted interventions produce larger effects than novel and adopted interventions. This study attempts to replicate and expand previous findings. Methods: Meta-analysis was used to compare effects across a whole-population of Swedish outcome studies. Main and subcategories are explored. Results: The 523 studies included adapted (22%), adopted (33%), and novel (45%) interventions. The largest effect was found for adapted followed by novel and adopted interventions. Interventions in the mental health setting showed the highest effects, followed by somatic healthcare and social services. Conclusions: These results replicate and expand earlier findings. Results were stable across settings with the exception of social services. Consistent with a growing body of evidence results suggest that context is important when transferring interventions across settings.
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| 41. |
- Olsson, Tina M., et al.
(author)
-
Publication bias, time-lag bias, and place-of-publication bias in social intervention research : An exploratory study of 527 Swedish articles published between 1990-2019
- 2023
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 18:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Publication and related biases constitute serious threats to the validity of research synthesis. If research syntheses are based on a biased selection of the available research, there is an increased risk of producing misleading results. The purpose fo this study is to explore the extent of positive outcome bias, time-lag bias, and place-of-publication bias in published research on the effects of psychological, social, and behavioral interventions. The results are based on 527 Swedish outcome trials published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2019. We found no difference in the number of studies reporting significant compared to non-significant findings or in the number of studies reporting strong effect sizes in the published literature. We found no evidence of time-lag bias or place-of-publication bias in our results. The average reported effect size remained constant over time as did the proportion of studies reporting significant effects.
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| 42. |
- Olsson, Tina M., 1971, et al.
(author)
-
Publication bias, time-lag bias, and place-of-publication bias in social intervention research: An exploratory study of 527 Swedish articles published between 1990– 2019
- 2023
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Publication and related biases constitute serious threats to the validity of research synthesis. If research syntheses are based on a biased selection of the available research, there is an increased risk of producing misleading results. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent of positive outcome bias, time-lag bias, and place-of-publication bias in published research on the effects of psychological, social, and behavioral interventions. The results are based on 527 Swedish outcome trials published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2019. We found no difference in the number of studies reporting significant compared to non-significant findings or in the number of studies reporting strong effect sizes in the published literature. We found no evidence of time-lag bias or place-of-publication bias in our results. The average reported effect size remained constant over time as did the proportion of studies reporting significant effects.
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| 43. |
- Olsson, Tina M., et al.
(author)
-
Research that guides practice : Outcome research in Swedish PhD theses across seven disciplines 1997-2012
- 2016
-
In: Prevention Science. - : Springer. - 1389-4986 .- 1573-6695. ; 17:4, s. 525-532
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The core of evidence-based practice (EBP) as advocated for within the practice arms of the health and social sciences is to promote the routine incorporation of the best available research evidence into practice efforts. This requires discipline-specific education that is not only grounded in professional practice but also prepares would-be scientists in the application of the sophisticated techniques that characterize today’s high research standards. Doctoral-level education is an important primer for future scientific endeavors across disciplines. This study examined 2334 theses published across Sweden in public health, criminology, nursing, psychiatry, psychology, social work, and sociology during the period 1997-2012. Of the theses reviewed, 13%aimed to investigate the effects of interventions. The highest percentage of effectiveness studies was found in nursing, public health, and psychology. The percentage of outcome research increased during the period. Controlled studies (with comparison group and pre-and post-test) occurred primarily within public health, nursing, psychiatry, and psychology. Of the 296 theses that included an intervention effectiveness study, 131 (44 %), or 5.6 % of all theses reviewed, met all four assessment criteria for quality. PhD education across seven disciplines in Sweden may be producing a professional core of scientists that is ill prepared to produce the type of research that is necessary to inform practice of the effects of its interventions as exposure to the rigors of quality effectiveness research is all but non-existent. This has implications for the advancement of an evidence-based practice and intervention science more broadly.
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| 44. |
- Olsson, Tina M., et al.
(author)
-
Systematic review and meta-analysis of noninstitutional psychosocial interventions to prevent juvenile criminal recidivism
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0022-006X .- 1939-2117. ; 89:6, s. 514-527
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To assess the effectiveness of noninstitutional psychosocial interventions in preventing recidivism among criminal adolescents. Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials assessing the impact on recidivism among juveniles aged 12–17. The included studies had a low to medium risk of bias and were published between 2000 and 2019. Standardized mean differences or risk differences were calculated. Results: We included 35 (20 randomized, 15 nonrandomized) studies evaluating 17 unique, noninstitutional psychosocial interventions. A meta-analysis found no significant reductions in recidivism for studied interventions compared to control conditions. Although single studies suggested some positive effects, the evidence provided by these studies was found to have very low certainty. Post hoc analyses indicated that studies including a low-intensity control condition might have stronger relative intervention effects compared to studies with medium or high-intensity control conditions. Conclusion: This systematic review did not find any one noninstitutional psychosocial intervention to be more effective than control treatments in reducing future criminality among juvenile offenders aged 12–17. We discuss the implications of the present findings for social work and child and adolescent psychiatry practices.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Plenty, Stephanie, et al.
(author)
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Graffiti : A Precursor to Future Deviant Behavior during Adolescence?
- 2015
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In: Deviant behavior. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0163-9625 .- 1521-0456. ; 36:7, s. 565-580
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines if graffiti initiation leads to greater deviant behavior. Swedish students (N = 1,010) completed questionnaires in grades 7, 8, and 9 (aged 14 to 16 years). Students who initiated tagging or graffiti art in grade 8 consistently reported higher rates of deviant behavior 12 months later. However, graffiti initiation did not increase the likelihood of most behaviors after the effect of confounding factors from the individual, peer, and family domains were accounted for. The findings indicate that other confounding risk factors should be considered when understanding links between graffiti involvement and future criminality.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Sundell, Knut, et al.
(author)
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Child Protection in Stockholm: : a local study of childhood prevalence of investigations and service delivery
- 2007
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In: Children and Youth Services Review. ; 29:2, s. 180-192
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Prevalence figures of child protection investigations and services are dominated by cross-sectional data and annual statistics. So far, no data exist on how many children are investigated or receive services at some time during childhood, from birth to age of majority. This study reports on Child Protection Authorities' (CPA) involvement in a random sample of children born from 1968 to 1975, who resided permanently in Stockholm (Sweden) from birth to age 18 (N = 2.297). Information is based on reviews of CPA case files, registering information of all referrals, investigations and social services received by those children until the age of 20. In the study population, 12% (n = 272) were objects of at least one child protection investigation during their childhood and 7% (n = 162) received social services at least once. When these figures are extrapolated to children who have at any time lived in Stockholm (including those born outside of Stockholm but moving to Stockholm and children born in Stockholm but migrated elsewhere), they increase to point estimates of 19% and 10%. The average total service time was about 5 years. Three out of four children receiving services were at one time or another in out-of-home care. 56% of the service receivers were re-referred to the CPA after terminated services. Implications for the findings are discussed.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Sundell, Knut, et al.
(author)
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Going Global : A Model for Evaluating Empirically Supported Family-Based Interventions in New Contexts
- 2014
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In: Evaluation & the Health Professions. - : SAGE Publications. - 0163-2787 .- 1552-3918. ; 37:2, s. 203-230
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The spread of evidence-based practice throughout the world has resulted in the wide adoption of empirically supported interventions (ESIs) and a growing number of controlled trials of imported and culturally adapted ESIs. This article is informed by outcome research on family-based interventions including programs listed in the American Blueprints Model and Promising Programs. Evidence from these controlled trials is mixed and, because it is comprised of both successful and unsuccessful replications of ESIs, it provides clues for the translation of promising programs in the future. At least four explanations appear plausible for the mixed results in replication trials. One has to do with methodological differences across trials. A second deals with ambiguities in the cultural adaptation process. A third explanation is that ESIs in failed replications have not been adequately implemented. A fourth source of variation derives from unanticipated contextual influences that might affect the effects of ESIs when transported to other cultures and countries. This article describes a model that allows for the differential examination of adaptations of interventions in new cultural contexts.
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