| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(author)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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In: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
- Svantesson, Jan-Olof, et al.
(author)
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Vokalisering av r i en sydsvensk idiolekt.
- 2003
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In: Grammatik i fokus : festskrift till Christer Platzack den 18 november 2003 = Grammar in focus : festschrift for Christer Platzack 18 November 2003. Vol. 1. - 9163145707
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
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| 3. |
- Swahn, Jan-Öjvind, et al.
(author)
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Fångad av en saga
- 2005
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In: Kammu - om ett folk i Laos. - 1401-1301. - 9197285048 ; 2006, s. 74-95
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Franzén, Vivan, et al.
(author)
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Remarks on the Mongolian Vowel system.
- 1999
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In: Return to the Silk Routes: Current Scandinavian research on Central Asia.. - 0710306083
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Gårding, Eva, et al.
(author)
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Tone 4 and Tone 3 discrimination in Modern Standard Chinese
- 1986
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In: Language and Speech. - 1756-6053. ; 29:3, s. 93-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Productions of tone 4 & tone 3 (mai/mai 'sell'/'buy') in comparable sentences suggests that although the two tones are realized in different ways by different speakers in different speech acts, some features are constant. Tone 3 is connected with a low pitch level throughout the second half of the vowel & tone 4 with a gradual fall over the main part of the vocalic segment. These observations were tested in a series of manipulations of pitch movements over mai from tone 4 to tone 3 in the sentence Song Yan mai niurou 'Song Yan sells beef'. The manipulated sentences were presented in a test, in which listeners (N = 18 native speakers) were asked if they heard mai or mai. The result confirmed the observed constant features & indicated in addition that it was important for both tones to have a clear reference. The identification of tone 4 was favored by an introductory rising or level part, & for tone 3 an introductory fall seemed to be important. Creaky voice is a concomitant but not a necessary feature of tone 3.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Horne, Merle, et al.
(author)
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Gösta Bruce 1947-2010 In Memoriam
- 2010
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In: Phonetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0031-8388 .- 1423-0321. ; 67:4, s. 268-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
- House, David, et al.
(author)
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On utterance-final intonation in tonal and non-tonal dialects of Kammu
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of Fonetik 2009. - Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University. ; , s. 78-81
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study we investigate utterance-final intonation in two dialects of Kammu, one tonal and one non-tonal. While the general patterns of utterance-final intonation are similar between the dialects, we do find clear evidence that the lexical tones of the tonal dialect restrict the pitch range and the realization of focus. Speaker engagement can have a strong effect on the utterance-final accent in both dialects.
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| 13. |
- House, David, et al.
(author)
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The Phrase-Final Accent in Kammu : Effects of Tone, Focus and Engagement
- 2009
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In: INTERSPEECH 2009. - BAIXAS : ISCA-INST SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC. ; , s. 2439-2442
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phrase-final accent can typically contain a multitude of simultaneous prosodic signals. In this study, aimed at separating the effects of lexical tone from phrase-final intonation, phrase-final accents of two dialects of Kammu were analyzed. Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken primarily in northern Laos, has dialects with lexical tones and dialects with no lexical tones. Both dialects seem to engage the phrase-final accent to simultaneously convey focus, phrase finality, utterance finality, and speaker engagement. Both dialects also show clear evidence of truncation phenomena. These results have implications for our understanding of the interaction between tone, intonation and phrase-finality.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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In the borderland between song and speech : Vocal expressions in oral cultures
- 2022
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Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This book focuses on vocal expressions in the borderland between song and speech. It spans across several linguistic and musical milieus in societies where oral transmission of culture dominates. ‘Vocal expression’ is an alternative word for ‘song’ which is free from bias based on cultural and research-related traditions. The borderland between song and speech is a segment of the larger continuum that extends from speech to song. These vocal expressions are endangered to the same degree as the languages they represent. Perspectives derived from ethnomusicology, prosody, syntax, and semantics are combined in the research, in which performance templates serve as an analytical tool. The focus is on the techniques that make performance possible and on the transmission of these techniques. The performance templates serve to organize the vocal expression of words by combining musical and linguistic conventions. It is shown that all the cultures studied have principles for organizing these parameters; but each does this in its own unique way while meeting a number of basic needs on the part of human society, particularly communal interaction and interaction with the spirit world. A working method is developed that makes it possible to gain qualitative knowledge from a large body of material within a comparatively limited period of time.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Boundary signaling in tonal and non-tonal dialects of Kammu
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of Fonetik, TMH-QPSR. ; , s. 117-120
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos is a language that has developed lexical tones rather recently, from the point of view of language history. One of the main dialects of this language is a tone language of the “East Asian” type with (high or low) tone on each syllable, while the other main dialect lacks lexical tones. The dialects differ only marginally in other respects. This type of language material allows us to investigate how the existence of lexical tones in a given language influences the use of intonation in that language, especially as a signal for focus and phrasing. We performed an introductory study of phrase intonation in tonal vs. non-tonal dialects of Kammu. As awaited we do find differences in boundary signaling. In both types of dialects the differentiation between (pragmatically) marked and unmarked boundaries is relevant. At marked phrase boundaries we find signaling of focus and of some expressive meanings. The difference between the two types of dialects is in the functional load of the intonational gestures. Thus in the tone dialects pragmatically marked boundaries are assigned high pitch, while in nontonal dialect it is a pitch fall that has a high pragmatic load.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of F0 range in spontaneous speech in Kammu tonal and non-tonal dialects
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the ICPhS XVII. - Hong Kong. ; , s. 1026-1029
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of lexical tones in a language imposes restrictions on its pitch range. Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos com-prises dialects with and without lexical tones and with no other major phonological differences. We use Kammu spontaneous speech to investigate differences in pitch range in the two dialects. The main finding is that tonal speakers exhibit a narrower pitch range. Thus, even at a high degree of engagement found in spontaneous speech, lexical tones impose restrictions on speakers’ pitch variation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Influence of lexical tones on intonation in Kammu
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of Interspeech 2010. - Makuhari, Japan. ; , s. 1740-1743, s. 1740-1743
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate how the presence of lexical tones influences the realization of focal accent and sentence intonation. The language studied is Kammu, a language particularly well suited for the study as it has both tonal and non-tonal dialects. The main finding is that lexical tone exerts an influence on both sentence and focal accent in the tonal dialect to such a strong degree that we can postulate a hierarchy where lexical tone is strongest followed by sentence accent, with focal accent exerting the weakest influence on the F0 contour.
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Intonation Adapts to Lexical Tone: The Case of Kammu
- 2012
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In: Phonetica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1423-0321 .- 0031-8388. ; 69:1-2, s. 28-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how lexical tones interact with intonation, using data from the Austroasiatic language Kammu, one of few languages with two dialects whose only major phonological difference is the presence or absence of lexical tones. Northern (and Western) Kammu have developed tones in connection with the merger of voiceless and voiced initial consonants, while the non-tonal Eastern dialect kept the segmental opposition with no tones. We found the following prosodic hierarchy: (1) lexical tones, (2) phrase-final boundary tone, (3) focus marking. The results strongly suggest that the intonational systems of the two Kammu dialects are basically identical, and that the main differences between the dialects are adaptations of intonation patterns to the lexical tones when the identities of the tones are jeopardized.
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| 28. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Kammu vocal genres (Laos)
- 2022
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In: In the borderland between song and speech : Vocal expressions in oral cultures - Vocal expressions in oral cultures. - 9789198557770 - 9789198557763 ; , s. 20-122
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Preservation of lexical tones in singing in a tone language
- 2014
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In: ; , s. 1357-1360
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lexical tones are important for expressing meaning and usually have high priority in tone languages. This can create conflicts with sentence intonation in spoken language and with melodic templates in singing since all of these are transmitted by pitch. The main question in this investigation is whether a language (in our case the Mon-Khmer language Kammu) with a simple two-tone system uses similar strategies for preserving lexical tones in singing and speech. We investigate the realization of lexical tones in a singing genre which can be described as recitation based on a partly predefined, though still flexible, melodic template. The contrast between High and Low tone is preserved, and is realized mainly at the beginning of the vowel. Apparently, the rest of the syllable rhyme serves either for strengthening the lexical contrast or for melodic purposes. Syllables are often reduplicated in singing, and the reduplicant ignores lexical tones. The preservation of lexical tones in Kammu singing, and their early timing close to the vowel onset, is very similar to what we have found for speech.
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| 33. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Prominence and Mora in Mongolian
- 2004
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In: Proceedings of International Conference on Speech Prosody 2004. ; , s. 65-68
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different opinions about Mongolian prominence structure can be found in the literature. The most puzzling problem is the nature of lexical stress in this language, and neither its placement nor its phonetic nature have been given any final description. We have earlier performed an acoustic investigation of vowel durations, quality and fO to find if any of these three parameters functions as signalling one particular syllable as the most prominent one. Basing ourself on this investigation we reject the existence of lexical stress in Mongolian and find prominence as functioning only at the phrasal level. In the present article two problems are investigated. Firstly, phrasal accentuation is analysed as signalled by tonal means, and we show that the timing of the tonal gestures is best described within a mora analysis of Mongolian. Secondly, we argue for an analysis where nasals in the syllable coda have a moraic function.
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| 34. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Prosodic boundaries and discourse structure in Kammu
- 2014
-
In: Proceedings from FONETIK 2014 Stockholm, June 9-11, 2014 (Perilus 24). - 0282-6690. - 9789163756627 - 9789163756634 ; , s. 71-76
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main function of sentence intonation in Kammu is to mark prosodic boundaries. There is no additional tonal marking of focus. It is of particular in- terest that the underlying intonation system is the same for both tonal (Northern Kammu) and non-tonal (Eastern Kammu) dialects. Prosodic boundaries in Kammu have three func- tions: they mark prosodic phrases, focus and speaker engagement. In this study we show that relationships between boundaries in terms of upstepping or its absence interact with information and discourse structure. This relationship has the same pattern in both tonal and non-tonal Kammu.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
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Prosodic signaling of information and discourse structure from a typological perspective
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences.. - Glasgow, UK : ICPHS. - 9780852619414 - 9780852619421
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between prosody and information/discourse structure in spontaneous spoken folk tales in the tonal Mon-Khmer language Northern Kammu, a language that behaves as a typical phrase language where available boundary tones are enhanced to mark information structuring. Topic is always placed before Comment by syntactic movement if necessary. There is a prosodic signaling of the boundary between Topic and Comment. Discourse structure is reflected in prosody, and we find higher boundary tones near the boundaries between Discourse Units. The results are dicussed in terms of a typology of spoken discourse.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
-
Speech and song : investigating the borderland
- 2014
-
In: Jahrbuch des Phonogrammarchivs der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. - 2413-3566. - 9783954048076 - 9783736948075 ; 4, s. 142-179
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Karlsson, Anastasia, et al.
(author)
-
Tone restricts F0 range and variation in Kammu
- 2011
-
In: TMH - QPSR. - Stockholm, Sweden. ; 51, s. 53-55, s. 53-55
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether the occurrence of lexical tones in a language imposes restrictions on its pitch range. We use data from Kammu, a Mon-Khmer language spoken in Northern Laos, which has one dialect with, and one without, lexical tones. The main finding is that speakers of the tonal dialect have a narrower pitch range, and also a smaller variation in pitch range.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lindell, Kristina, et al.
(author)
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Phonology of Kammu dialects
- 1981
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In: Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale. - 0153-3320. ; 9, s. 45-71
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Lundström, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Hrlìi singing and word-tones in Kammu
- 2008
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In: Working Papers (Lund University, Department of Linguistics). - 0280-526X. ; 53, s. 117-131
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 48. |
- Lundström, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Kammu som tonspråk
- 2005
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In: Årsbok; Kammu: om ett folk i Laos. ; 2006, s. 131-140
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
- Lundström, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Performance templates : Method, results, and implications
- 2022
-
In: In the borderland between song and speech : Vocal expressions in oral cultures - Vocal expressions in oral cultures. - : Manchester University Press. - 9789198557763 - 9789198557770 ; , s. 248-289
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 50. |
- Lundström, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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The borderland : Singing or speaking or both?
- 2022
-
In: In the borderland between song and speech : Vocal expressions in oral cultures - Vocal expressions in oral cultures. - 9789198557770 - 9789198557763 ; , s. 1-19
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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