| 1. |
- Andreasen, Laura, et al.
(author)
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Brugada syndrome-associated genetic loci are associated with J-point elevation and an increased risk of cardiac arrest
- 2018
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In: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-042X. ; 9:JUL
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: A previous genome-wide association study found three genetic loci, rs9388451, rs10428132, and rs11708996, to increase the risk of Brugada Syndrome (BrS). Since the effect of these loci in the general population is unknown, we aimed to investigate the effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and outcomes in the general population. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 6,161 individuals (median age 45 [interquartile range (IQR) 40-50] years, 49% males), with available digital ECGs, was genotyped and subsequently followed for a median period of 13 [IQR 12.6-13.4] years. Data on outcomes were collected from Danish administrative healthcare registries. Furthermore, ~400,000 persons from UK Biobank were investigated for associations between the three loci and cardiac arrest/ventricular fibrillation (VF). Results: Homozygote carriers of the C allele in rs6800541 intronic to SCN10A had a significantly larger J-point elevation (JPE) compared with wildtype carriers (11 vs. 6 μV, P < 0.001). There was an additive effect of carrying multiple BrS-associated risk alleles with an increased JPE in lead V1. None of the BrS-associated genetic loci predisposed to syncope, atrial fibrillation, or total mortality in the general Danish population. The rs9388451 genetic locus adjacent to the HEY2 gene was associated with cardiac arrest/VF in an analysis using the UK Biobank study (odds ratio = 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.18), P = 0.006). Conclusions: BrS-associated risk alleles increase the JPE in lead V1 in an additive manner, but was not associated with increased mortality or syncope in the general population of Denmark. However, the HEY2 risk allele increased the risk of cardiac arrest/VF in the larger population study of UK Biobank indicating an important role of this common genetic locus.
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| 2. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(author)
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Performance, health and behaviour of organic growing-finishing pigs in two different housing systems with or without access to pasture
- 2015
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In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 65, s. 158-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of two housing systems (deep litter and straw-flow), with and without access to pasture during the summer period, were studied in an organic growing-finishing pig herd. Performance, health, skin lesions and daytime pig activity were studied in 29 pens of 16 pigs (total of 464 pigs, in 4 batches). Data from 21 pens were used for comparisons of deep litter and straw-flow and data from 16 pens for comparisons of access/no access to pasture. Pigs in the deep litter system had a lower carcass meat percentage (56.6% vs. 57.3%) and more locomotion problems (4.4% vs. 0%) than pigs in the straw-flow system. No difference in daytime pig activity was detected between the two housing systems. Under moderate temperatures, pigs with access to pasture and fed a commercial organic feed inside the building were not more active during daytime behaviour studies (7.30 h-16.30 h) than pigs without access to pasture. However, at 17 weeks of age the pigs with pasture access spent 21% of their time on pasture, less time inside the pig house (20% vs. 33%) and less time on the outside concrete area (4% vs. 12%) than the pigs without pasture. No difference in performance was detected between pigs with and pigs without access to pasture.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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An experimental model for studying claw lesions in growing female pigs
- 2016
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 184, s. 58-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Problems with claw lesions leading to lameness are a growing concern in pig production. However, the causes and development of claw lesions are poorly understood and studies on prevention of claw lesion problems in gifts and sows are limited.This study tested a new experimental model which facilitates evaluation of the impact of different risk factors on pig feet lesions.The model consisted of using young gilts with a well-known background and promoting traumatic claw lesions for study purposes by increasing social and agonistic activity through regrouping on concrete flooring. Then claw lesions were assessed systematically and objectively on feet after slaughter. To test the model, two levels of exposure to concrete flooring were compared; normal activity in groups of gifts (no regrouping=NR) and increased activity in groups of gifts by performing several regroupings (repeated regrouping=RR).A total of 72 gilts (pairs of litter mates) in two batches, aged 4 months, were randomly distributed to the two treatments (NR and RR) in group pens (3 gilts per pen) with concrete flooring. The gilts were given approximately 200 g of straw per gilt every day. At 8, 9 and 10 months of age, half the gilts (36 animals) were regrouped with each other. At 11 months of age, all gifts in both treatments were slaughtered and the left rear foot from each was removed and collected for detailed studies of claw lesions. Lesions of the heel, transition heel/toe, white line, wall and toe and over-growth of the heel were assessed on the outer and inner digit. Blind scoring of claw lesions on a scale from 0 to 3 was carried out in laboratory conditions on cleaned claws. Body lesions were also blind-scored on a scale from 0 to 3 one week after the third regrouping.The results showed claw lesions on the soft and hard horn of the claws and significantly (p = 0.004) higher claw lesion score in RR gifts (0.40) than in NR gilts (0.23).It was concluded that as expected, regrouping gifts on concrete flooring resulted in both more numerous and more severe claw lesions than ungrouped gilts. Likewise, body lesion score was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in RR gilts (1.71) than NR gilts (0.46).It was also concluded that the proposed model could be a successful experimental design for challenging different risk factors, e.g. flooring and management, for development of claw lesions in pigs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Animal interaction and response to electronic sow feeding (ESF) in 3 different herds and effects of function settings to increase capacity
- 2011
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 137, s. 268-272
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ESF feeding technology is one of the available choices for the group housing of gestating sows. The general objective of this investigation was to study animal interaction and response to ESF feeding in 3 sow herds. The focus was on the effect of the EFS settings used to determine feeder capacity (feed delivery intervals, amount to be delivered, gate management), on animal interactions and attacks at the feeder, and on the occurrence of vulva lesions and skin injuries. More than 50 % of the sow visits to the feeder were non-feeding visits, and sows attacking a sow when she entered the feeder were noted in one third of the visits. When changing sows in the feeder, 4-6 sows queued at the entrance gate; it was found that one third of these had eaten previously. Vulva bites were seen in up to one third of the sows; many of these bites were serious, bleeding lesions. Feeder settings which increased the capacity, thus shortening the available feeding time, also resulted in significantly more sow queuing. In addition, the presence of serious vulva bites was more pronounced in the herd with the highest capacity settings. An increase in feed spillage and the presence of unusual bite lesions at the root of the tail were also attributed to settings for higher capacity (shorter available eating times). It was concluded that the biological function (how sows relate to the system) depended very much on the feeder settings
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Klövskador hos suggor : en pilotstudie för att öka förståelsen av hur skadorna uppkommer
- 2011
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In: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Klövskador hos suggor under sinperioden är ett växande bekymmer. Klövskador orsakar lidande för djuren och leder ofta till för tidig utslagning eftersom djurens produktion påverkas negativt. Att hålla suggorna lösgående i grupp jämfört med att ha suggorna fixerade ökar problemen. I denna pilotstudie har klövskador hos gyltor som omgrupperats vid tre tillfällen under tillväxten jämförts med klövskador hos gyltor som under tillväxten hållits i intakta grupper. Det utförda pilotförsöket visar tydligt på att en ökad aktivitet hos djuren i form av konflikter i samband med omgrupperingar, förutom fler bit- och rivskador också ger upphov till fler klövskador på djuren. De hittills erhållna resultaten är mycket intressanta och visar på att konflikter och annat aggressivt beteende, som ses bl a i samband med blandningar av djur, kan vara en starkt bidragande orsak till en hög förekomst av klövskador. Detta har inte dokumenterats tidigare. Omgrupperingar av djur kan användas som ”modell” för att öka belastningen på klövarna. En sådan ”modell” bör med framgång kunna användas i samband med tester av närmiljödetaljer (golvmaterial o d) som bedöms kunna ge mindre slitage på klövarna och en långsiktigt förbättrad klövhälsa hos våra suggor.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Pen hygiene, N, P and K budgets and calculated nitrogen emission for organic growing-finishing pigs in two different housing systems with and without pasture access
- 2014
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 165, s. 138-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of two housing systems (deep litter and straw-flow), with and without access to pasture during the summer period, were studied in an organic growing-finishing pig herd. Pen hygiene studies, N, P and K budgets and estimations of nitrogen emission were made for two batches (8 pens/batch and 16 pigs/pen) one during the winter period and one during the summer period. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in overall pen hygiene between the housing systems. During the growing period in the summer, the pen hygiene on the outdoor concrete area was significantly better (P < 0.05) when the pigs had access to pasture. In addition, the total pen hygiene (indoors+concrete area outdoors) tended (P=0.09) to be cleaner with access to pasture during the summer period. The N-losses of the amount of N excreted were the same (26-27%) during the winter period as during the summer period. The amount of N excreted was on average 6.0 kg N per pig during the winter, and 4.2 kg N per pig during the summer; this was equivalent to an N-emission of 1.5-1.6 kg N/pig during winter and 1.1-1.2 kg N/pig during summer. The difference was mainly due to a higher feed consumption and more straw usage during the winter. In comparison to the calculated N-emissions from a non-organic pig, this was approximately 3-4 times greater. In the present study, a 10% larger feed usage explained the differences in N-emission by a factor of 1.2, a 15% higher crude protein level explained the differences by a factor of 1.3 and finally a larger fouled area explained the differences by a factor of 2.3. Differences in temperature and airflow were not taken into account in these calculations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
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| 12. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
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| 13. |
- Prykhodko, Olena, et al.
(author)
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Hormonal and immune profiles in blood were unaffected by PHA provocation in suckling and weaning pigs
- 2010
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 133:1-3, s. 253-256
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The lectin, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), from red kidney beans has been shown as an inducer of growth and precocious gastrointestinal (Cl) maturation in suckling animals, thus better preparing piglets for the weaning procedure. PHA exposure results in the release of gut peptide hormones and/or activation of the Cl immune system. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of PHA provocation by studying changes in the blood/plasma levels of major gut hormones, immune parameters and acute phase proteins. Suckling, 9-10 day-old, littermate piglets were gavage fed PHA, either in purified or crude form or, as a control, alpha-lactalbumin (n = 5-6 pigs/group) and blood was obtained repeatedly during one week and after weaning at 5 weeks. No significant differences in the blood parameters between PHA-treated pigs in comparison to their time-matched controls were found during the first week after treatment. At weaning significant changes in hormonal (insulin) and immune (WBC) parameters and CRP were observed, however, these effects were independent of earlier PHA treatment. In conclusion, PHA, given enterally as a single dose, did not affect the basal blood parameters analysed, during both the suckling and post-weaning periods in piglets. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Rengman, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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An elemental diet fed, enteral or parenteral, does not support growth in young pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
- 2009
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In: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 28, s. 325-330
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: & aims: Young individuals with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) show growth reduction that can be reversed by dietary pancreatic enzyme supplementation. Here we investigated whether feeding an elemental diet could replace the growth-promoting effect of enzyme supplementation in EPI pigs. METHODS: Weaned pigs with intact pancreas (control) or pancreatic duct-ligated (EPI pigs) were given a commercial pig feed, a fat-enriched diet, or an elemental diet, intragastrically and intravenously, with or without porcine pancreatin (Creon((R))) supplementation for 1week. RESULTS: Control pigs, irrespective of receiving pig feed or an elemental diet, increased their body weight by 13.4-20.1%, while EPI pigs showed negligible weight gain. Giving a fat-enriched diet did not improve growth of the EPI pigs. However, if the EPI pigs were supplemented with pancreatin in combination with fat-enriched feed or the elemental diet, i.v., their body weight increased by 16.6 %and 8.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Control pigs maintained normal growth, independently of the diet being given in polymeric or elemental form, while EPI pigs showed impaired growth when receiving the same diets without enzyme supplementation. Pancreatic juice and enzyme preparations, in addition to their digestive properties, also appear to affect nutrient assimilation and anabolism in young individuals.
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| 17. |
- Rengman, Sofia, et al.
(author)
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The growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient young pigs fed an elemental diet is dependent on enteral pancreatin supplementation
- 2010
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 134:1-3, s. 50-52
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Young exocrine pancreas insufficient (EPI) pigs given a commercial feed (polymeric diet) show growth retardation that can be reversed by dietary supplementation with pancreatic enzymes. Our aim was to investigate if providing an elemental diet, mimicking a pre-digested diet, can support body growth in EPI-pigs. Thus, EPI-pigs, pancreatic duct-ligated at 12.2 +/- 2.6 weeks of age (15.3 +/- 4.8 kg), were fed for 6 days either a commercial polymeric pig feed or infused i.v. with an elemental diet, with or without oral supplementation with a porcine enzyme preparation (Creon (R)). The body weight (BW) gain was then compared at day 7. Control pigs (with intact pancreata) showed a 14.0 +/- 1.3% increase in BW independent of the diet, while EPI-pigs given the same diets either lost (polymeric diet) or slightly increased (elemental diet) their BW. In contrast, EPI-pigs fed the polymeric feed with Creon supplementation showed a normalised growth and EPI-pigs given the elemental diet with Creon supplementation gained 8.5 +/- 0.7% in BW. In conclusion, control pigs maintained a normal growth, independently of the diet being given in polymeric or elemental form, while EPI-pigs showed an impaired growth when receiving the same diets without oral enzyme supplementation. This suggests that pancreatic juice or enzyme preparations, in addition to their digestive properties, stimulate nutrient assimilation and anabolic processes in young fast-growing pigs. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Skov, Morten W., et al.
(author)
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Risk prediction of atrial fibrillation based on electrocardiographic interatrial block
- 2018
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 7:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background--The electrocardiographic interatrial block (IAB) has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to test whether IAB can improve risk prediction of AF for the individual person. Methods and Results--Digital ECGs of 152 759 primary care patients aged 50 to 90 years were collected from 2001 to 2011. We identified individuals with P-wave ≥120 ms and the presence of none, 1, 2, or 3 biphasic P-waves in inferior leads. Data on comorbidity, medication, and outcomes were obtained from nationwide registries. We observed a dose-response relationship between the number of biphasic P-waves in inferior leads and the hazard of AF during follow-up. Discrimination of the 10-year outcome of AF, measured by time-dependent area under the curve, was increased by 1.09% (95% confidence interval 0.43-1.74%) for individuals with cardiovascular disease at baseline (CVD) and 1.01% (95% confidence interval 0.40-1.62%) for individuals without CVD, when IAB was added to a conventional risk model for AF. The highest effect of IAB on the absolute risk of AF was observed in individuals aged 60 to 70 years with CVD. In this subgroup, the 10-year risk of AF was 50% in those with advanced IAB compared with 10% in those with a normal P-wave. In general, individuals with advanced IAB and no CVD had a higher risk of AF than patients with CVD and no IAB. Conclusions--IAB improves risk prediction of AF when added to a conventional risk model. Clinicians may consider monitoring patients with IAB more closely for the occurrence of AF, especially for high-risk subgroups.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Thomsson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Effects of crude red kidney bean lectin (phytohemagglutinin) exposure on performance, health, feeding behavior, and gut maturation of pigs at weaning
- 2007
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 85:2, s. 477-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to obtain information that could help to ease the weaning transition in commercial pig production. Before weaning, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the form of a crude preparation of red kidney bean lectin was fed by gavage to 24 crossbred [(Swedish Landrace x Yorkshire) x Hampshire] piglets, whereas 24 control piglets were fed -lactalbumin by gavage, to study the effect on growth, occurrence of postweaning diarrhea, feeding behavior, and some anatomical and physiological traits of the gastrointestinal tract. Within the litter, piglets were randomly assigned to PHA treatment or control and remained in the same pen from the beginning (PHA exposure at 7 d before weaning) until the end of the experiment (14 d post-weaning). Weaning took place at the age of 31 to 34 d. Pigs treated with PHA grew faster (P = 0.013) during the first week postweaning and tended to have lower total diarrhea scores (P = 0.10) than did control pigs. On d 5 after weaning, piglets treated with PHA spent more time eating (P = 0.028) than control pigs. No immunostimulating effect of PHA, measured by plasma immunoglobulin G, could be detected. An increase in the intestinal barrier properties before weaning, as a response to PHA treatment, was demonstrated in intestinal absorption studies using Na-fluorescein and BSA as gavage-fed markers. Less uptake (measured as plasma concentrations) of the marker molecule Na-fluorescein occurred during a 24-h study period, and numerically lower levels of BSA were observed compared with studies in control pigs of the same age. A total of 12 pigs (6 control, 6 PHA-treated) were euthanized on the day of weaning for analyses of gastrointestinal properties. The PHA-treated pigs tended to have a longer total small intestinal length (P = 0.063) than that of the control pigs. The enzyme profile of the jejunal epithelium responded to PHA exposure with a decrease in lactase activity and an increase in maltase and sucrase activities, which is similar to changes normally observed after weaning. No differences were found in the size of the pancreas or in its contents of trypsin and amylase. In conclusion, exposing piglets to crude, red kidney bean lectin for 3 d during the week before weaning led to changes in performance and small intestinal functional properties that would be expected to contribute to a more successful weaning.
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| 21. |
- van den Borne, Jost, et al.
(author)
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Exocrine pancreatic secretion in pigs fed sow's milk and milk replacer, and its relationship to growth performance
- 2007
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 85:2, s. 404-412
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of sow’s milk and 2 milk replacer diets (containing clotting or nonclotting protein sources) on exocrine pancreatic secretion, plasma cholecystokinin, and immunoreactive cationic trypsin in pigs. In addition, the relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and growth in milk-fed pigs was studied. In a changeover experiment, 9 chronically catheterized pigs of 6.6 ± 0.19 kg of BW were studied for 3 wk. Pigs were assigned to each of 3 diets. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was measured from the third to the seventh day on each diet. The protein content and trypsin activity of the pancreatic juice were measured. Blood samples were taken at 10 min before and after milk ingestion and were analyzed for cholecystokinin and immunoreactive cationic trypsin. Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion did not differ between pigs fed sow’s milk and those fed milk replacer, but the volume secreted was less for the pigs fed sow’s milk (0.75 vs. 1.03 mL·kg–1·h–1; P < 0.01). A postprandial response to milk intake was not observed. The 2 milk replacer diets did not affect exocrine pancreatic secretion differently. The average exocrine pancreatic secretion (volume, 0.94 mL·kg–1·h–1; protein, 4.28 mg·kg–1·h–1; trypsin, 1.65 U·kg–1·h–1) was intermediate between literature values for suckling and weaned pigs. Plasma cholecystokinin was elevated (18 pmol·L–1) and showed low correlations with the pancreatic secretion traits. Plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin was not significantly related to any of the pancreatic secretion traits and should therefore not be used as an indicator for exocrine pancreatic function in milk-fed pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion varied substantially among individual pigs (protein, 0.22 to 13.98 mg·kg–1·h–1). Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion showed a positive, nonlinear relationship with performance traits. It was concluded that neither specific sow’s milk ingredients nor the protein source are responsible for a low pancreatic protein secretion in suckling pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was positively correlated with ADG in pigs at an identical milk intake.
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| 22. |
- Vatn, Simen Svendsen, et al.
(author)
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Mucosal Gene Transcript Signatures in Treatment Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Comparative Analysis of Disease to Symptomatic and Healthy Controls in the European IBD-Character Cohort
- 2022
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In: Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1178-7023. ; 15, s. 5-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studies of the mucosal transcriptomic landscape have given new insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, the predictive biomarker potential of gene expression signatures has been explored. To further investigate the mucosal gene expression in IBD, we recruited a cohort of treatment naïve patients and compared them to both symptomatic and healthy controls.Methods: Altogether, 323 subjects were included: Crohn's disease (N = 75), ulcerative colitis (N = 87) and IBD unclassified (N = 3). Additionally, there were two control groups: symptomatic controls (N = 131) and healthy controls (N = 27). Mucosal biopsies were collected during ileocolonoscopy and gene expression in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa was explored. Gene expression profiling was performed using Agilent G3 Human Gene Expression 860K v3 One-Color microarray. We recorded information about treatment escalation to anti-TNF agents or surgery, and anti-TNF response, to explore predictive opportunities of the mucosal transcriptome.Results: Gene expression profiles in symptomatic controls in whom IBD had been excluded resembled that of IBD patients and diverged from that of healthy controls. In non-inflamed Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, gene set enrichment analysis revealed dysregulation of pathways involved in basic cellular biological processes. Mitochondria-associated pathways were dysregulated both in non-inflamed and inflamed Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (>2.6 normalized enrichment scores <-1.8). Gene expression signatures of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis did not predict time for treatment escalation (p = 0.175). No significant association was found between gene expression signatures and anti-TNF response.Conclusion: Non-inflamed samples are probably superior to inflamed samples when exploring gene expression signatures in IBD and might reveal underlying mechanisms central for disease initiation. The gene expression signatures of the control groups were related to if they were symptomatic or not, which may have important implications for future study designs.
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| 23. |
- Xing, Lucas Yixi, et al.
(author)
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The ABC-Stroke Risk Score and Effects of Atrial Fibrillation Screening on Stroke Prevention : Results From the Randomized LOOP Study
- 2024
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 13:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The ABC-stroke score is a risk scheme for prediction of stroke or systemic embolism (SE) in atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to examine whether the score could be useful in predicting stroke in AF-naïve individuals and risk stratifying for AF screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: The LOOP (Atrial Fibrillation Detected by Continuous ECG Monitoring Using Implantable Loop Recorder to Prevent Stroke in High-Risk Individuals) study randomized 6004 AF-naïve individuals aged 70 to 90 years with stroke risk factors to either screening with an implantable loop recorder and anticoagulation upon detection of new-onset AF episodes ≥6 minutes, or usual care. A total of 5781 participants had available ABC-stroke score at baseline and were included in this secondary analysis: 4170 (72.1%) with an estimated stroke/SE risk ≤1%/year versus 1611 (27.9%) with an estimated stroke/SE risk >1%/year. Having an annual ABC-stroke risk >1% was associated with stroke/SE, stroke/SE/cardiovascular death, and allcause death (hazard ratio, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.44–2.21], 2.17 [95% CI, 1.80–2.62], and 2.19 [95% CI, 1.87–2.56], respectively). For screening with implantable loop recorder versus usual care, no significant reduction in these study outcomes was obtained in any ABC-stroke risk groups (P>0.0500 for all), with no signal toward interaction (Pinteraction >0.2500 for all). Similar findings were yielded when assessing the ABC-stroke score as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS: In an elderly, AF-naïve population with additional stroke risk factors, a higher ABC-stroke score could identify individuals with increased stroke risk. However, this risk score may not be useful in pinpointing those more likely to benefit from AF screening and subsequent preventive treatment. These findings should be considered as hypothesis generating and warrant further study.
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