| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bakardjieva, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Digital Citizenship and Activism : Questions of Power and Participation Online
- 2012
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In: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems : Donau Universität. - 2075-9517. ; 4:1, s. i-iv
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government (JeDEM) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal (ISSN: 2075-9517) published twice a year. It addresses theory and practice in the areas of eDemocracy and Open Government as well as eGovernment, eParticipation, and eSociety. JeDEM publishes ongoing and completed research, case studies and project descriptions that are selected after a rigorous blind review by experts in the field.
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| 3. |
- Filimonov, Kirill, et al.
(author)
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Picturing the party : Instagram and party campaigning in the 2014 Swedish elections
- 2016
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In: Social Media + Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 2056-3051. ; 2:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores Swedish parties’ activities on Instagram during the 2014 elections. Understanding party campaign communication as highly strategic, that is, communication to persuade and mobilize voters in order to win the elections, we ask whether Instagram was used to (1) broadcast campaign messages, (2) mobilize supporters, (3) manage the party’s image, and (4) amplify and complement other campaign material (i.e., hybrid campaign use). With this study, we follow previous studies on the use of digital communication platforms in the hands of campaigning political actors, but we direct our attention to a new platform. We conducted a content analysis of 220 party postings on Instagram, collected during the hot phase of the campaign. The result shows that the platform was mainly used for broadcasting rather than for mobilization. The image the parties were presenting leaned toward personalization with a strong presence of top candidates in their postings. Top candidates were primarily displayed in a political/professional context. Finally, half of the analyzed postings showed signs of hybridized campaign practices. The presented findings give a first glimpse on how political parties use and perform on Instagram.
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| 4. |
- Klinger, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
-
Network Media Logic : Some Conceptual Considerations
- 2016
-
In: <em>Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics</em>. - New York : Routledge. - 113886076X ; , s. 23-38
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter we revisit our concept of network media logic and further develop it in relation with political logics. The perspective of network media logic is useful to explain how social media platforms change political communication without resorting to technological determinism or normalization. By relating network media logic to both mass media logics as well as political logics we are able outline how these are distinctly different, while still overlapping in terms of how political communication is produced, distributed and used. In this chapter we pay particular attention to how ideals, commercial imperatives, and technological affordances differ in news mass media and on social media platforms in terms of media production, media distribution and media usage.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Klinger, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
-
The Emergence of Network Media Logic in Political Communication : A Theoretical Approach
- 2015
-
In: New Media and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4448 .- 1461-7315. ; 17:8, s. 1241-1257
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we propose a concept of network media logic in order to discuss how online social media platforms change political communication without resorting to technological determinism or normalization. We argue that social media platforms operate with a distinctly different logic from that of traditional mass media, though overlapping with it. This is leading to different ways of producing content, distributing information and using media. By discussing the differences between traditional mass media and social media platforms in terms of production, consumption and use, we carve out the central elements of network media logic – that is, the rules/format of communication on social media platforms – and some consequences for political communication.
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| 7. |
- Klinger, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
-
The power of code : women and the making of the digital world
- 2021
-
In: Information, Communication and Society. - : Routledge. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 24:14, s. 2075-2090
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most research on gender and digital communication centers on how women use digital media, how they participate online, or how they are treated in online forums and social media. This article, in contrast, approaches gender from a behind the screen perspective. How algorithms and platforms are created, designed, and maintained, the affordances they provide for users and how they govern the ways users communicate with each other, has a major impact on digital communication. However, it is mostly men who create these technologies. Our study approaches technologies as socio-cultural, departing from the concept of network media logic. Empirically, it is based on (1) the review of a diverse body of literature from the history of programming, professional sociology, and computer science and documents such as the diversity reports from tech giants, as well as on (2) 64 semi-structured expert interviews conducted with male and female programmers in seven countries over a time-period of four years. Results show that the gender gap continues to run deep. We report results in four dimensions: professional culture, pervasive stereotypes, lack of role models and typical career paths.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Klinger, Ulrike, et al.
(author)
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Vernetzung als Problem : Social Media in der Politik
- 2014
-
In: European Journalism Observatory. ; Dezember:16
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Politiker und politische Parteien interessieren sich sehr dafür, das Internet und speziell soziale Netzwerke für ihre Kommunikation einzusetzen. Obwohl bislang unklar bleibt, wie viele zusätzliche Stimmen sich über Facebook, Twitter & Co gewinnen lassen, bieten diese Anwendungen ein großes Potential für Dialog, Image-Management und die gezielte Ansprache von potentiellen Wählern. Vor diesem Hintergrund scheint es zunächst überraschend, dass sich politische Akteure im Umgang mit Social Media so schwer tun. Empirische Studien belegen, dass Social Media, wenn überhaupt, zumeist als weiterer Kanal für einseitige Information eingesetzt werden. Dagegen findet kaum wirkliche Interaktion mit den Bürgern statt und ein großer Teil ihres Potentials bleibt ungenutzt.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Anders Olof, et al.
(author)
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Politicians online : Identifying current research opportunities
- 2014
-
In: First Monday. - : University of Illinois Libraries. - 1396-0466. ; 19:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For more than a decade, researchers have shown interest in how politicians make use of the Internet for a variety of purposes. Based on critical assessments of previous online political communication scholarship, this paper identifies a series of overlooked areas of research that should be of interest for researchers concerned with how politicians make use of online technologies. Specifically, three such research opportunities are introduced. First, we suggest that research should attempt to move beyond dichotomization, such as conceiving of the Internet as either bringing about revolutionary changes or having a normalizing effect. Second, while there is a considerable body of knowledge regarding the activity of politicians during election campaigns, relatively little is known about the day–to–day communicative uses of the Internet at the hands of politicians. The third section argues that as political communication research has typically focused on national or international levels of study, scholars within the field should also make efforts to contribute to our knowledge of online practices at the hands of politicians at regional and local levels — something we label as studies at the micro level. In synthesizing the literature available regarding the use of the Internet at the hands of politicians, the paper concludes suggesting routes ahead for interested scholars.
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| 11. |
- Lindqvist, Jakob, 1992, et al.
(author)
-
A General Framework for Ensemble Distribution Distillation
- 2020
-
In: 2020 IEEE 30th International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing (MLSP). - : IEEE. - 9781728166629 ; 2020-September
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ensembles of neural networks have shown to give better predictive performance and more reliable uncertainty estimates than individual networks. Additionally, ensembles allow the uncertainty to be decomposed into aleatoric (data) and epistemic (model) components, giving a more complete picture of the predictive uncertainty. Ensemble distillation is the process of compressing an ensemble into a single model, often resulting in a leaner model that still outperforms the individual ensemble members. Unfortunately, standard distillation erases the natural uncertainty decomposition of the ensemble. We present a general framework for distilling both regression and classification ensembles in a way that preserves the decomposition. We demonstrate the desired behaviour of our framework and show that its predictive performance is on par with standard distillation.
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| 12. |
- Lindqvist, Jakob, 1992, et al.
(author)
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Generalised Active Learning With Annotation Quality Selection
- 2023
-
In: IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, MLSP. - 2161-0371 .- 2161-0363. ; 2023-September
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we promote a general formulation of active learning (AL), wherein the typically binary decision to annotate a point or not is extended to selecting the qualities with which the points should be annotated. By linking the annotation quality to the cost of acquiring the label, we can trade a lower quality for a larger set of training samples, which may improve learning for the same annotation cost. To investigate this AL formulation, we introduce a concrete criterion, based on the mutual information (MI) between model parameters and noisy labels, for selecting annotation qualities for the entire dataset, before any labels are acquired. We illustrate the usefulness of our formulation with examples for both classification and regression and find that MI is a good candidate for a criterion, but its complexity limits its usefulness.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Neumayer, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Activism and radical politics in the digital age : Towards a typology
- 2016
-
In: Convergence. The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-8565 .- 1748-7382. ; 22:2, s. 131-146
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to develop a typology for evaluating different types of activism in the digital age, based on the ideal of radical democracy. Departing from this ideal, activism is approached in terms of processes of identification by establishing conflictual frontiers to outside Others as either adversaries or enemies. On the basis of these discussions, we outline a typology of four kinds of activists: the salon activist, the contentious activist, the law-abiding activist, and the Gandhian activist. The typology’s first axis, between antagonism and agonism, is derived from normative discussions in radical democracy concerning developing frontiers. The second axis, about readiness to engage in civil disobedience, is derived from a review of studies of different forms of online activism. The article concludes by suggesting that the different forms of political engagement online have to be taken into account when studying how online activism can contribute to social change.
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| 15. |
- Olmin, Amanda, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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Active Learning with Weak Supervision for Gaussian Processes
- 2023
-
In: Communications in Computer and Information Science. - Singapore : Springer Nature. - 1865-0937 .- 1865-0929. ; 1792 CCIS, s. 195-204
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Annotating data for supervised learning can be costly. When the annotation budget is limited, active learning can be used to select and annotate those observations that are likely to give the most gain in model performance. We propose an active learning algorithm that, in addition to selecting which observation to annotate, selects the precision of the annotation that is acquired. Assuming that annotations with low precision are cheaper to obtain, this allows the model to explore a larger part of the input space, with the same annotation budget. We build our acquisition function on the previously proposed BALD objective for Gaussian Processes, and empirically demonstrate the gains of being able to adjust the annotation precision in the active learning loop.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
-
Promoting social change through Infirmation Technology
- 2015
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PREFACEInformation and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of our daily life and correspondingly information technology finds a variety of applications in the planning, implementation and monitoring of several social development programs and projects. It is becoming among the most prevalent tools for international development and social change, including opening up new arenas for civic participation and protest in countries as diverse as Egypt (see chapter five), Spain (see chapter six), China (see chapter seven) and Russia (see chapter eight). It is to this development that the present volume speaks. In particular, we ask whether and what contextual circumstances are important for ICTs in promoting democracy and social change.The background to this subject matter can be found in the phenomenal increase of ICTs worldwide, not only in the West. Nowadays, when citizens around the Globe want to voice their opinions, define their political identities and change their life situations, they increasingly do so by using online platforms, mobile telephones and other information technologies. To start, the rise and spread of the Internet has been remarkable. The number of users has increased from 40 million in 1995 to 2,7 billion in 2013 according to ITU (International Telecommunication Union). This represents approximately 40 per cent of the world population. However, the Internet is surpassed another ICT here, the mobile telephone. Mobile cellular subscriptions reached more than 95 per cent of the world population (as per ITU data from 2014). Important to notice here, the rate of increase in penetration of the mobile phones has been higher in so-called developing countries rather than in so-called developed counties (as highlighted in chapter two). While the Internet is yet to achieve the same reach as mobile telephony, it is worth to mention the very fast increase in the use of so-called smart handheld devises in countries like India during the last couple of years is making it increasingly difficult to separate the two (Internet and Mobile Phone Devices). Indeed, mobile phone adoption probably will pave the way for digital connectivity, both through smart phones as well as through broadband connection via the mobile phone. For example, even though Internet connectivity is rather low among the citizens in East Africa, the ones who do get connected to the World Wide Web mostly use mobile and wireless broadband. This suggests that developing regions probably will leapfrog the fixed (cable/ fiber) broadband phase countries in the West have been through. This increase and social integration of ICTs around the Globe serves as a point of departure for chapters in this volume.It has been argued that the rise of ICTs is among the most important developments of the century, changing the ways societies function as well as its relations of power. The spread and diversity of ICTs together with their equally diverse applications in different domains of human life are posing a range of questions at every moment. Researchers around the Globe are working to take-up these questions and challenges. It is especially the raised expectations of democracy and social change that has accompanied this increase of ICTs worldwide that we want to address in this volume. The question on the potentials of ICTs to promote democracy and social change has sparked a debate between what is often labelled as techno-optimists and techno-pessimists. This debate is partly addressed in chapter three of the volume. But since this is perhaps the major dividing line of studies in ICTs, democracy and social change – it deserves a further mention here, as a background to the subject matter as well as to discern how the present volume relates to this debate.As always, whenever a new media technology is introduced, hopes and expectations (as well as outrage) are raised and invested into practices of this new media technology. Surely the emerging communication landscapes exhibit exciting possibilities for political discussion, protest mobilization and organization, offering citizens new channels for voicing concerns, speaking and acting together (participation in other words). The popular uprisings in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region have provided us with examples of how information circulation using online platforms can induce processes of democratization and political developments (see chapter five in this volume). Hence, the more techno-optimist stand of researchers and practitioners has argued that the long-raging debate over the potential of the digital technology, so- called “new” or “social” media and mobile telephony to invigorate citizens’ participation in a democracy and promote social change, is not a matter of speculation anymore. In particular, they argue that these ICTs lower the threshold for political participation and social change all over the world.Still there are many questions around the claim of ICTs as tools for democratic participation and social change. Most of the uprisings in the MENA region failed (in terms of that democracy has not yet been achieved, apart from Tunisia). Furthermore, it has been argued that labelling these uprisings as Twitter or Facebook revolutions is both uncritical and ignorant of the real dynamics behind theses uprisings. Indeed, even though we have access today to numerous examples of the use of the digital technology and mobile phones for democratic participation and social change, very few democratic movements and social change projects have succeed through ICTs alone.Alongside with high-profile protests and so-called “social media revolutions”, research in the field has also revolved around less conspicuously, and perhaps more mundane, E-Government/ E-Services projects, offering access to asserted citizen centric services and improved processing of government-to-citizen transactions. Addressing the subject matter of ICTs democracy and social change these more mundane government uses of ICTs are also of interest to us in this book. Here, optimists argue that ICTs have emerged as powerful tools for reaching to the ever-increasing information demands of our contemporary societies. Indeed, governments across the Globe – from countries like India (see chapter nine) to countries like Australia (see chapter ten) –are increasingly focusing on such projects and many success stories have been accounted for in the academic literature of remarkable developments of E-Government services in the last five years. On the other hand, more pessimistic voices have been raised in regards to E-Government and E-Services in relation to issues of surveillance and data privacy in light of Edward Snowden’s revelation of United States NSA (National Security Agency) massive data collection of private citizens. In this volume, the issue of surveillance (video surveillance in particular) is addressed in chapter four. Here we also need to mention that consumerism and corporate ownership of information technologies and so-called social media platforms have also raised concerns of whether users communication practices are capitalized on by non-accountable commercial enterprises (to some extent addressed in chapter three).Hence, on the one hand we are witnessing that increased access to ICTs has resulted in an array of new uses, innovative designs, practices and strategies often accompanied by success stories of democratic development and social change both in small and large scale. On the other hand, we are still groping in the dark when it comes to understanding the place of the ICTs in the shifting landscapes of democracy, government practices and social welfare around the Globe. We therefore invited scholarly research to shed light on these issues. In particular, we wanted to include two issues in relation to this long-raging debate between pessimists and optimist: 1) a focus on contextual matters and 2) research and researchers with a background in the global south. This is also how we situate this volume in the debate between techno-optimists and techno-pessimists. We contribute to the debate on how democracy and social change may be promoted through ICTs by 1) providing case studies in which contextual factors are highlighted and 2), by including studies and authors from four different continents (Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe). We are thus able to provide a broader perspective on the subject matter.Hence, the chapters in this volume provide examples of more optimist as well as more pessimist discourses on the roles of ICTs for promoting democracy and social change. We as editors have not wanted to put our foot down in this debate; we leave it to the reader to evaluate the benefits and constraints of ICTs in the contexts within which these chapters are written. As such this volume will serve very well as material for discussion in class as well as in study-circles. Indeed, the picture is often more complicated than fervent techno-optimists or techno-pessimists claim. The very different contexts within which ICTs are used and appropriated today make it difficult to generalize on an overall positive or negative “effect” of a communication platform and a technological practice. Therefore, we have asked the authors to rather focus on the contexts within which their cases are set. We strongly believe it is out of the contexts and cultures that ICTs are used and appropriated that they are best evaluated.We have also put explicit emphasis to include non-Western contexts and voices. As such, this volume taps into research in the field of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technology for Development). Development agencies and governments have started to take interest in the use of ICTs to further democracy also in so-called developing regions. Indeed, the field of ICT4D has also been informed by the increase of ICTs around the Globe. Examples tha
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Rosales, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Afrontant l’exclusió per edat a les empreses de tecnologia
- 2020
-
In: COMeIN: Revista de los Estudios de la Información y de la Comunicación. - Barcelona : Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. - 2014-2226. ; :105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hay muchos desafíos con la dataficación de las sociedades contemporáneas. Uno de ellos son los sesgos de diseño de los algoritmos que usan las plataformas digitales. Otro desafío se refiere a los sesgos de los datos que los algoritmos usan para tomar decisiones automatizadas y cómo se usan estas. Tanto el diseño algorítmico como los datos refuerzan la discriminación de los colectivos menos favorecidos, y particularmente de las personas mayores.
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| 21. |
- Rosales, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Digital Ageism : How it operates and approaches to tackling it
- 2023
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This anthology contributes to creating awareness on how digital ageism operates in relation to the widely spread symbolic representations of old and young age around digital technologies, the (lack of) representation of diverse older individuals in the design, development, and marketing of digital technologies and in the actual algorithms and datasets that constitute them. It also shows how individuals and institutions deal with digital ageism in everyday life.In the past decades, digital technologies permeated most aspects of everyday life. With a focus on how age is represented and experienced in relation to digital technologies leading to digital ageism, digitalisation’s reinforcement of spirals of exclusion and loss of autonomy of some collectives is explored, when it could be natural for a great part of society and represent a sort of improvement.The book addresses social science students and scholars interested in everyday digital technologies, society and the power struggles about it, providing insights from different parts of the globe. By using different methods and touching upon different aspects of digital ageism and how it plays out in contemporary connected data societies, this volume will raise awareness, challenge power, initiate discussions and spur further research into this field.
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| 22. |
- Rosales, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Digital Ageism in Data Societies
- 2023
-
In: Digital Ageism. - : Routledge. - 9781003323686 - 9781032271538 ; , s. 1-17
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In data societies, as everyday activities are mediated by digital technologies, individuals are thrown into a digital existence, even if they are not aware of their digital interactions. Digital technologies are not value-free or unbiased. Contemporary discourses about digital natives and late adopters contribute to reinforcing negative stereotypes about older users of digital technologies and influence the design, development, marketing and usage of digital technologies. Such discourses disregard how digital trajectories and personal circumstances influence media use in all stages of everyday life. Hence, occasional digital technology users, and older adults in particular, stand a higher risk of exclusion and loss of autonomy. In this chapter, we briefly introduce ageism and digital ageism in data societies, definitions and previous research as a background and introduction to the following chapters. Our aim is to underline how socio-technical and cultural analyses may contribute to raising awareness about digital ageism in data societies. Only by initiating a discussion may existing power relationships be challenged and contemporary inequalities understood.
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| 23. |
- Rosales, Andrea, et al.
(author)
-
Perceptions of age in contemporary tech
- 2021
-
In: Nordicom Review. - : Sciendo. - 1403-1108 .- 2001-5119. ; 42:1, s. 79-91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article attends to age stereotypes and ageism in contemporary tech. In academia, little attention has been devoted to this topic. Therefore, we intend to initiate a discussion around ageism in tech by studying perceptions of age in the tech industry. Our study is based on interviews with 18 tech workers around the world of varying age. According to our interviewees, tech workers over 35 are considered old in the tech industry. Older tech workers are expected to become managers, thought to become less interested in new technology, and expected to have more challenges when learning new software. We also look at how tech workers of different age groups experience entrepreneurial values of the company as a playground, staying hungry, and changing the future with technology, and how these values influence their professional careers. We conclude that ageism is reinforced in contemporary tech through several stereotypes related to age.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Russmann, Uta, et al.
(author)
-
No Interaction on Instagram : Political Parties Use of Instagram in the 2014 Swedish Election Campaign
- 2020
-
In: <em>Recent Developments in Internet Activism and Political Participation</em>. - Hershey, Pennsylvania : IGI Global. - 9781799847960 - 9781799847977
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter addresses a neglected issue within the field of social media and political communication. It focuses on interaction processes on Instagram asking how political parties used Instagram – a platform that is centered around images – when engaging in interaction with their followers on the platform. The focuses is on political parties’ use of Instagram in the 2014 Swedish national election campaign. This gives an impression of the first attempts of political parties’ use of this communication platform. The quantitative content analysis focuses on Instagram images including their captions and comments (posts) that Swedish parties published four weeks prior to Election Day. The results suggest that not much changes on Instagram compared to other social media platforms: Swedish political parties hardly used Instagram to interact with their followers and the very few interactions taking place did not contribute to the exchange of relevant and substantive information about politics. Interaction and deliberation is also not enhanced by the images.
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| 26. |
- Russmann, Uta, et al.
(author)
-
No Interaction on Instagram : Political Party Use of Instagram in the 2014 Swedish Election
- 2022
-
In: Research Anthology on Social Media’s Influence on Government, Politics, and Social Movements. - Hershey : IGI Global. - 9781668474723 - 9781668474730 ; , s. 659-667
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter addresses a neglected issue within the field of social media and political communication. It focuses on interaction processes on Instagram asking how political parties used Instagram—a platform that is centered around images—when engaging in interaction with their followers on the platform. The focus is on political parties' use of Instagram in the 2014 Swedish national election campaign. This gives an impression of the first attempts of political parties' use of this communication platform. The quantitative content analysis focuses on Instagram images including their captions and comments (posts) that Swedish parties published four weeks prior to Election Day. The results suggest that not much changes on Instagram compared to other social media platforms: Swedish political parties hardly used Instagram to interact with their followers, and the very few interactions taking place did not contribute to the exchange of relevant and substantive information about politics. Interaction and deliberation are also not enhanced by the images.
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| 27. |
- Sjudin, Jakob, et al.
(author)
-
Extended Object Tracking Using Sets of Trajectories with a PHD Filter
- 2021
-
In: Proceedings of 2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2021. ; , s. 961-968
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PHD filtering is a common and effective multiple object tracking (MOT) algorithm used in scenarios where the number of objects and their states are unknown. In scenarios where each object can generate multiple measurements per scan, some PHD filters can estimate the extent of the objects as well as their kinematic properties. Most of these approaches are, however, not able to inherently estimate trajectories and rely on ad-hoc methods, such as different labeling schemes, to build trajectories from the state estimates. This paper presents a Gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart mixture PHD filter that can directly estimate sets of trajectories of extended targets by expanding previous research on tracking sets of trajectories for point source objects to handle extended objects. The new filter is compared to an existing extended PHD filter that uses a labeling scheme to build trajectories, and it is shown that the new filter can estimate object trajectories more reliably.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Strand, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(author)
-
Challenging the legacy of the past and present intimate colonialization - a study of Ugandan LGBT plus activism in times of shrinking communicative space
- 2023
-
In: Information, Communication and Society. - : Routledge. - 1369-118X .- 1468-4462. ; 26:12, s. 2488-2505
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Through a mixed-methods approach consisting of a directed content analysis of five established LGBT+ organizations' use of Twitter and Facebook during a month in 2022, and semi-structured qualitative interviews with social media content producers, the study attempts to understand the role of self-controlled social media spaces in challenging the Uganda society's logics of oppression. The results indicate that self-controlled spaces are not used for disrupting the basis for repression - the local logic of oppression - or its cocoon of collective post-colonial amnesia. Nor were spaces used for re-constructive engaging with transnational and development partners' unwitting impact on global south actors' agency and legitimacy. Instead, with a few exceptions, spaces displayed a conspicuous uniform human rights advocacy rhetoric, and Western identity labels summarized in the LGBT+ acronym. The interviews with social media content producers suggest that the LGBT+ community's dependency on international support may sway actors into what we call performative visibility, in self-controlled spaces. The study concludes that future analysis of Global South based activist's use of social media spaces' affordances including its potential for supporting de-colonialization efforts, must approach use as relational to actors' dependency on key resources such as funding and protection through affiliation.
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| 30. |
- Strand, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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“Fake News” on Sexual Minorities is “Old News” : Study of Digital Platforms as Spaces for Challenging Inaccurate Reporting on Ugandan Sexual Minorities
- 2019
-
In: Ecquid Novi. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0256-0054 .- 1942-0773. ; 40:4, s. 77-95
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For sexual minorities in Africa, fake news is nothing new. However, with the arrival of self-controlled digital platforms, sexual minorities are presented with new ways to counter coverage that misrepresents the community. Inspired by affordance theory and agenda-setting theory, this study explores whether self-controlled digital platforms are used to challenge false media reports on sexual minorities in Uganda, and if so, to what extent. Through a cross-media research design, the largest English-language daily newspaper, the government-owned New Vision, is analysed and positioned against the main sexual minority network's (SMUG’s) public Facebook and Twitter accounts at two points in time in 2013/2014 and in 2018. The study finds that, although social media channels afford direct engagement with false media reports, the platforms are under-utilised as spaces regarding countering false reporting on LGBTQIs. Furthermore, this lack of engagement with the media was found to be stable over time.
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| 31. |
- Strand, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
-
Foreign norm entrepreneurs’ mis-and disinformation narratives on LGBT+ in Europe
- 2022
-
In: Medijska Istrazivanja. - : Media Research. - 1330-6928 .- 1846-6605. ; 28:2, s. 109-132
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With ample evidence that foreign state actors and non-state norm entrepreneurs are engaged in misinformation and disinformation campaigns challenging the European Union’s human rights framework on LGBT+, this study analyses the narratives that these actors disseminate. Based on two methods – a standard literature review of academic and “grey” literature, as well as complementary analysis of entries in the EUvsDisinfo database – the study identifies four main narratives that can be attributed to or are actively sponsored by non-European actors: 1) Opposing gender ideology and protecting God’s order, 2) Heteroactivism and the protection of the rights of the “natural” family, 3) LGBT+ rights as Western colonialism, and 4) LGBT+ rights as a threat to the rights of children. Even though EU’s strong protection of freedom of speech makes it challenging to address misinformation and disinformation that falls outside hate-speech legislation, this paper argues that exploring the following counter measures could be worthwhile: 1) harmonization of European legal frameworks, 2) financial scrutiny and 3) strengthened automatic detection, editorial policies, and community flagging, as well as the capacity to systematically deal with misinformation and disinformation campaign targeting LGBT+ across digital spaces in Europe.
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| 32. |
- Strand, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(author)
-
Towards a Situated Understanding of Vulnerability : An Analysis of Ugandan LGBT plus Exposure to Hate Crimes in Digital Spaces
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Homosexuality. - : Routledge. - 0091-8369 .- 1540-3602. ; 70:12, s. 2806-2827
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study maps Uganda LGBT+ experiences of online hate crime and analyzes how preexisting vulnerability morph in digital spaces. Based on field notes, workshop material, and interviews with 13 LGBT+ individuals, the study finds that digital presences in contexts where users are vulnerable due to state-sanctioned discrimination and social exclusion, digital arenas exacerbate users' vulnerability to hate crimes through their digital footprints. The longing for community and intimacy, together with in some cases an unfamiliarity with how digital media can be misused, appear to facilitate both the ideologically driven perpetrators hunting LGBT+, and Crime passionnel, where an (ex)partner miscalculates the implications of publishing private material. This study thus illustrates how digital spaces are not safe(r) spaces, where LGBT+ are free to playfully explore sexual orientation and gender non-conformity, away from society's abhorring gaze. Furthermore, contrary to what could be expected, LGBT+ individuals' vulnerability was most often not the result of an outside intruder hunting LGBT+ online. The article reiterates the importance of a situated approach, acknowledging the environmental influences when studying and addressing LGBT+ vulnerabilities in digital spaces.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Strand, Cecilia, 1972-, et al.
(author)
-
Western funding and its consequences for the Ugandan LGBT+ rights struggle : negotiating community dynamics and activism during Pride 2022
- 2023
-
In: Global LGBTQ Activism. - London : Routledge. - 9781032498577 - 9781032498560 - 9781003395805 ; , s. 43-62
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Uganda gained international notoriety in 2009 for introducing one of the world’s harshest bills proposing the death penalty for homosexuality. Against the backdrop that the Ugandan LGBT+ community has enjoyed moral and financial support from international partners for more than a decade, this chapter examines and discusses the potential unintentional consequences of external and prolonged support of LGBT+ activism. Furthermore, unintended and unintentional consequences are likely to have fluctuated over time depending on domestic politics and international priorities. Through historical sources, the first part of the chapter traces the emergence of organized resistance against state-sanctioned homophobia in Uganda, as well as the entrance of international support to the community. The gala provided examples of how international funding has unintended consequences and potentially distorts intra-community relations. It is, however, also important to highlight that despite prolonged and pronounced donor dependency, Pride 2022 signaled a significant degree of community agency.
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| 35. |
- Stypinska, Justyna, et al.
(author)
-
Silicon Valley ageism : ideologies and practices of expulsion in the technology industry
- 2023
-
In: Digital Ageism. - : Routledge. - 9781003323686 - 9781032271538 ; , s. 53-70
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter zooms in on the Silicon Valley, the US centre for innovative technology and home to 2000 technology companies. Inspired by the terminology of Sassen (2014), this chapter will describe how the technology industry has created a system of multiple modes of expulsions of “older” workers – from work relations, workspaces, ideologies and values, as well as digital products and services. The main purpose is to propose a theoretical framework guiding future empirical and critical research into the phenomenon of ageism, as well as other systems of oppression and discrimination in the technology industry. In this chapter, we propose a concept of “Silicon Valley Ageism” which is understood as negative attitudes, beliefs and behaviours towards adults perceived as “older” and manifested in interpersonal relations and institutional practices, as well as their narratives. This type of ageism can affect people already in their 30s. The aim of the chapter is to explore (1) what narratives of “older” age are constructed in Silicon Valley, (2) how this relates to workplace practices in the Valley and (3) how this has a bearing on the products and services coming out of Silicon Valley.
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| 36. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
A Double-Edged Sword. : Mobile phones and empowerment among market women in Kampala
- 2015
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we depart from studies on empowerment and its intersections with the informal economy and market women in the global south and promises of the mobile phone in so-called developing regions. Conducting an explorative study among market women in Kampala, the aim is to study what role (if any) the mobile phone plays for them in terms of empowerment. Our findings resonate with studies from other parts of the world, suggesting that while pivotal for their business endeavours, mobile phone practices are also embedded in patriarchal structures. The article ends by discussing how these market women navigate the tensions between using the phone for their business and in relations to their partner. In this way the article contributes with a more nuanced and context specific understanding of mobile phone practices and the empowerment of market women.
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| 37. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
A Study of Politicians in a Hybrid Media Setting During the 2014 Swedish Elections : A Logic Polarisation and Dissent
- 2020
-
In: Examining the Roles of IT and Social Media in Democratic Development and Social Change. - : IGI Global. - 9781799817918 ; , s. 92-114
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter attends to the interactions between campaigning politicians and traditional news media in an online space of social networking. Studying campaigning Parliamentarians on Twitter during the 2014 Swedish election, traditional news media and their online presences represented a form of authority. The interactions were often charged with emotions and could be understood as a way to negotiate status and group (party) belonging, something that is particularly important for campaigning politicians in a party-based democracy like Sweden. By studying the interactions between Parliamentarians and traditional news media, the study concludes that Parliamentarians were expected to be angry and upset with political opponents in front of their party comrades. Hence the mass media logic of conflict is transferred online and also with network media logic, favouring attention-maximising, witty one-liners. This foregrounds polarisation and dissent at the expense of discussion and debate.
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| 38. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
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Activist Capitals in Network Societies : Towards a Typology for Studying Networking Power in Contemporary Activist Demands
- 2014
-
In: First Monday. - : University of Illinois Libraries. - 1396-0466. ; 19:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Network societies are characterized by social media — media that are supposed to level out power hierarchies — making political participation more inclusive and equal. By developing a typology for studying networking power within activist demands in network societies, such techno–optimistic/deterministic assumptions are questioned. This typology is based on Bourdieu’s conceptual framework of social fields, habitus and capitals. It revolves around participating, mobilising, connecting and engaging capital and how these intersect, overlap and are used for negotiating recognition which I argue is of pivotal importance for upholding core positions among activists. Such core positions are related to networking power, i.e., knowing how and being in a position to network in order to decide about courses of events in the organisation of the demand/social field and its actions. This largely theoretical account is exemplified from an ethno– and nethnographic study of a group of middle–class activists in southern Stockholm using online platforms in tandem with more traditional off–line activist activities to organise and mobilise participation.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
Amplification and Virtual Back-Patting : The Rationalities of Social Media Uses in the Nina Larsson Web-Campaign
- 2014
-
In: Political Campaigning in the Information Age. - : IGI Global. - 9781466660625 - 9781466660632 ; , s. 51-65
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter intends to explore the rationalities of politicians' social media uses in web-campaigning in a party-based democracy. I will do this from an in-depth case study of a Swedish Liberal Party politician, Nina Larsson, who with the help of a PR- agency utilized several social media platforms in her campaign to become re-elected to the Swedish Parliament in 2010. By analysing how and for what purposes Larsson used social media in her web-campaign, this chapter concludes that even though discourses of instrumental rationality, to strategically target specific voter groups, and of communicative rationality, to establish loci for electorate-politician deliberations, were common to make her practices relevant, Nina primarily used social media to amplify certain offline news media texts by recirculating them in her social media networks as well as to commend and support other liberal party members. Hence from this case the chapter concludes that web-campaigning on social media are also used for expressive purposes, to negotiate and maintaing an attractive political image within the party hierarchy.
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| 42. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Approaches to Development in M4D Studies: : An overview of Major Approaches
- 2015
-
In: <em>Promoting social change through Information Technology</em>. - : IGI Global. ; , s. 26-48
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is no doubt that the proliferation of mobile phones in developing regions has opened up a range of possibilities and new avenues for individuals, governments, development agencies and civil society organisations. But we also know that development is a disputed concept and conveys a range of different connotations. Therefore in this chapter we examine the areas, where mobile phones are discussed as vehicles for development (i.e. M4D), and how mobile communication is related to the idea(s) of development today. To examine this, we have reviewed M4D articles in three major conference series and in open source journals during 2008-2012. Three dominant areas of M4D emerge out of our sample: livelihood, health and civic participation. Largely being based on an economic understanding of development and biased towards techno-determinism we conclude this chapter by suggesting a future path for studying the impact of mobile communication in developing regions, something what we label as a dialectical approach.
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| 43. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
Artificial intelligence is an oxymoron : The importance of an organic body when facing unknown situations as they unfold in the present moment
- 2023
-
In: AI & Society. - : Springer. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 38:1, s. 363-372
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Departing from popular imaginations around artificial intelligence (AI), this article engages in the I in the AI acronym but from perspectives outside of mathematics, computer science and machine learning. When intelligence is attended to here, it most often refers to narrow calculating tasks. This connotation to calculation provides AI an image of scientificity and objectivity, particularly attractive in societies with a pervasive desire for numbers. However, as is increasingly apparent today, when employed in more general areas of our messy socio-cultural realities, AI- powered automated systems often fail or have unintended consequences. This article will contribute to this critique of AI by attending to Nicholas of Cusa and his treatment of intelligence. According to him, intelligence is equally dependent on an ability to handle the unknown as it unfolds in the present moment. This suggests that intelligence is organic which ties Cusa to more contemporary discussions in tech philosophy, neurology, evolutionary biology, and cognitive sciences in which it is argued that intelligence is dependent on having—and acting through—an organic body. Understanding intelligence as organic thus suggests an oxymoronic relationship to artificial.
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| 44. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
Behind Digital Innovations
- 2022
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to discuss, evaluate, and address social consequences of digitalization, we need to study and understand key people and events behind today’s digital innovations. This research contributes to an ongoing discussion within critical data studies by focusing on humans and meeting places shaping digital innovations that are/will be realized in this connected and data-saturated society we find ourselves in. The focus will be on angel investors and venture capitalist, pitching events and conferences where innovators and investors meet and intermingle. I will present conclusions from pilot studies conducted in Sweden (Malmö, at MINC-Malmö Incubator), South Africa (Stellenbosch, at the LaunchLab) and the US (Austin, at SXSW – South by southwest conference & Silicon Valley, at Facebook and Google headquarters). The overall research question is how key people and events contribute to, and shape, current and future digital innovations. With my expertise coming from the Social Sciences, the focus will be on culture (in an anthropological understanding of culture) which in this project operationalized through norms, values, rituals, and imaginaries surrounding humans and meeting places behind digital innovations. What consequences does these norms, values, rituals, and imaginaries have in our digitalized societies? The project departs from the importance attributed to digital innovations, the promise they bring with a more connected world where digital innovations are believed to solve most, if not all, problems that our society faces such as climate change, infection tracing, increased polarization, and intolerance. I am still conducting these pilot studies (the last will be in June) and by the time of the conference I will have results to present.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Broadcasting achievements : Social media practices of Swedish parties in-between elections through the lens of direct representation
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Applied Journalism and Media Studies. - : Intellect Ltd.. - 2001-0818 .- 2049-9531. ; 9:2, s. 147-168
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inspired by Coleman's call for a more 'direct representation', we address two neglected issues within the field of social media and political communication. We study a nonelection period in Sweden (two randomly selected weeks in early 2016) and conduct a cross-platform comparison. The article is based on content analyses of the four prominent social media platforms: Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and Twitter. We seek to answer the following questions: do parties use social media platforms in-between elections? If so, for what purposes? Do parties use social media to interact in a direct manner with citizens? We focus on three different Swedish parties: the Social Democrats (incumbent), the Feminist Initiative (underdog) and the Sweden Democrats (populist right-wing). Our findings suggest a bleak direct representation in-between elections. Parties are more active on social media platforms during election campaigns. Twitter is the preferred platform, especially by the incumbent party for broadcasting achievements.
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| 47. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
Characteristics of Online Political Participation among Activists in Southern Stockholm
- 2011
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is empirically based in a (n)ethnographic study of a network middle-class activists in Aspudden and Midsommarkransen (southern Stockholm) acting for example to save the local bathhouse, lobby for a cultural centre, preserve green areas and the quality of life in the attractive and well located sister suburbs. The theoretical starting points will be found in the borderland between sociological theories of the network society (Castells), media and communication theories about mediatization and media logic (Altheide) and theories of norms, values, discipline and power (Foucault).The paper discusses the implications of increasing use of social networking sites for political participation emerging outside parliamentary arenas. The paper concludes that in tandem with the increase of social networking sites develops a new kind of network logic underlining identity negotiation as a dominant motivator for political participation online. This logic contributes to rationalized practices for expressions of affinity, which in turn disciplines the individual users to connectedness with like-minded people in the neighbourhood. This manifests itself more concretely through practices of joining e-mail lists, following twitter accounts, joining ning- and facebook groups. These practices does not necessarily mean that people in general will become more engaged in political actions in the neighbourhoods. However, when negotiating individuality through network visibility, referring and tying yourself to activist groups online, you will inevitably also become updated on their actions and hence may engage if suitable. In other words, online social networking makes them engagable.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Svensson, Jakob, 1976-
(author)
-
Coffee with the Algorithm : Imaginaries, maintenance and care in the everyday life of a news-ranking algorithm
- 2022
-
In: Everyday Automation. - London : Routledge. - 9781003170884 - 9780367773380 - 9780367773403 ; , s. 114-125
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter seeks to make sense of automated decision-making and the role of humans in it by zooming in on imaginaries of algorithmic automation and the socio-institutional practices these were embedded in, in the everyday life of a news-ranking algorithm. The study is set in the newsroom of a Swedish daily. Algorithms are understood as culture, as unstable and developed through a variety of imaginaries and social practices that people in institutions employ and engage in when navigating algorithmic automation. One such practice was Algorithm Coffee; involving regular meetings to discuss the working and potential bettering of the algorithm. Imaginaries revolved around technological solutionism, how the algorithm could solve the newspaper’s problem with profitability by automating tasks previously undertaken manually by an editor. Nevertheless, the algorithm was labelled editor-led, allowing human editors to still oversee some of its parameters. Thus the algorithm did not interfere with journalisms’ imagined democratic purpose. By attending to everyday social dynamics around the news-ranking algorithm, the chapter underlines how algorithms are caught up within a set of relations through which the meaning and boundaries of algorithmic automation is negotiated. Therefore, the chapter argues that the everyday impacts automation as much as automation impacts the everyday.
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| 50. |
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