| 1. |
- Fekete, Tünde, et al.
(author)
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Constraints for monocyte-derived dendritic cell functions under inflammatory conditions.
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 42:2, s. 458-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The activation of TLRs expressed by macrophages or DCs, in the long run, leads to persistently impaired functionality. TLR signals activate a wide range of negative feedback mechanisms; it is not known, however, which of these can lead to long-lasting tolerance for further stimulatory signals. In addition, it is not yet understood how the functionality of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) is influenced in inflamed tissues by the continuous presence of stimulatory signals during their differentiation. Here we studied the role of a wide range of DC-inhibitory mechanisms in a simple and robust model of MoDC inactivation induced by early TLR signals during differentiation. We show that the activation-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), IL-10, STAT3, miR146a and CD150 (SLAM) molecules possessed short-term inhibitory effects on cytokine production but did not induce persistent DC inactivation. On the contrary, the LPS-induced IRAK-1 downregulation could alone lead to persistent MoDC inactivation. Studying cellular functions in line with the activation-induced negative feedback mechanisms, we show that early activation of developing MoDCs allowed only a transient cytokine production that was followed by the downregulation of effector functions and the preservation of a tissue-resident non-migratory phenotype.
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| 2. |
- Irvine, Joe, et al.
(author)
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Innovation Strategy Development For Remote, Rural And Less Favoured Regions
- 2014
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In: Practitioners Proceedings 2014 University-IndustryInteraction Conference. - 9789491901126 ; , s. 51-70
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses the development of strategies to increase innovation in remote rural and less favouredregions. Many of the strategies aimed at developing innovation emanates from policy makers incentrally located urban conurbations and are assumed to be universally applicable. An example is thetriple helix model for economic development based around the idea of universities, business and publicsector organisations all coming together to foster innovation and economic prosperity.In many remote, rural and less-favoured localities there may not be a university or other knowledgeintensiveinstitution present. In fact, in some areas the public sector may also be weak and there may noteven be many local businesses operating. In those areas the social and community groups play the dominantrole.Therefore how can appropriate innovation strategies and policies be developed for remote, rural and lessfavoured regions that fully meet the needs of those areas? This question was addressed by theUNICREDS project.UNICREDS was an EU INTERREG IVC funded project including partners from remote, rural and lessfavoured regions from across the EU including the UK, Scandinavia and central Europe. The approachtaken by the project included assessments, a survey and reviews of best practice. This produced a largenumber of case studies and a wealth of insightful data on how innovation works in these regions andsuggested a new approach for future policy development in these regions.The main conclusion was that a one size fits all strategy for innovation is not effective for those regionswhose innovation system is not well advanced. For these areas much greater effort is required by policymakers to introduce locally developed processes and mechanisms that better reflect the needs of the majorregional stakeholders. Moreover, cultural and organisational innovations are also required within eachstakeholder to ensure a more effective contribution is made by universities to regional innovation processes.A new model aimed at assisting policy makers to develop innovation strategies for remote, rural and lessfavoured areas is also described.
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| 3. |
- Kolehmainen, Jari, et al.
(author)
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Quadruple Helix, Innovation and the Knowledge-Based Development : Lessons from Remote, Rural and Less-Favoured Regions
- 2016
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In: Journal of the Knowledge Economy. - New York : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 1868-7865 .- 1868-7873. ; 7:1, s. 23-42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses the dynamics of knowledge-based development of remote, rural and less-favoured regions. Many of the regional strategies and policies aimed at developing innovation emanate from policymakers in centrally located urban conurbations and are assumed to be universally applicable. An example is the classical “triple helix” model and its successors for economic development based around the idea of universities, business and public sector organisations all coming together to foster innovation and economic prosperity. In many remote, rural and less-favoured localities, there may not be a university or other knowledge-intensive institution present which makes a difference from the point of view of local development agendas. In many regions, also the business community may be scattered and insufficiently developed in terms of innovation. And furthermore, this kind of region may also have a weak public sector to enhance innovativeness. In such regions, social and community groups may often play the dominant entrepreneurial role. The community may also play a significant role in remote, rural and less-favoured regions where the basic elements of “triple helix” model are present. In this respect the concept of a “quadruple helix” is highly beneficial. This is the case, because innovation processes are becoming increasingly open to different stakeholders. In this paper, four illustrative cases of knowledge-based development processes and policies in remote, rural and less-favoured regions are analysed by using a “double-coin model of knowledge-based regional development” which places the quadruple helix model at the very heart of knowledge-based regional development.
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| 4. |
- Mearin, Maria Luisa, et al.
(author)
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ESPGHAN Position Paper on Management and Follow-up of Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease
- 2022
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In: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. - 0277-2116. ; 75:3, s. 369-386
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need for consensus on the recommendations for follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease. Objectives: To gather the current evidence and to offer recommendations for follow-up and management. Methods: The Special Interest Group on Celiac Diseases of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition formulated ten questions considered to be essential for follow-up care. A literature search (January 2010-March 2020) was performed in PubMed or Medline. Relevant publications were identified and potentially eligible studies were assessed. Statements and recommendations were developed and discussed by all coauthors. Recommendations were voted upon: joint agreement was set as at least 85%. Results: Publications (n = 2775) were identified and 164 were included. Using evidence or expert opinion, 37 recommendations were formulated on: The need to perform follow-up, its frequency and what should be assessed, how to assess adherence to the gluten-free diet, when to expect catch-up growth, how to treat anemia, how to approach persistent high serum levels of antibodies against tissue-transglutaminase, the indication to perform biopsies, assessment of quality of life, management of children with unclear diagnosis for which a gluten-challenge is indicated, children with associated type 1 diabetes or IgA deficiency, cases of potential celiac disease, which professionals should perform follow-up, how to improve the communication to patients and their parents/caregivers and transition from pediatric to adult health care. Conclusions: We offer recommendations to improve follow-up of children and adolescents with celiac disease and highlight gaps that should be investigated to further improve management.
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