SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Tarek A) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Tarek A)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 62
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Thomas, HS, et al. (författare)
  • 2019
  • swepub:Mat__t
  •  
2.
  •  
3.
  •  
4.
  • Drake, TM, et al. (författare)
  • Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
  •  
5.
  •  
6.
  • Murray, Christopher J. L., et al. (författare)
  • Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
  •  
7.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
  •  
8.
  • Sanchez, Erlan, et al. (författare)
  • Association of plasma biomarkers with cognition, cognitive decline, and daily function across and within neurodegenerative diseases: Results from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's and Dementia. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 20:3, s. 1753-1770
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether novel plasma biomarkers are associated with cognition, cognitive decline, and functional independence in activities of daily living across and within neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 were measured using ultra-sensitive Simoa immunoassays in 44 healthy controls and 480 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum disorders, or cerebrovascular disease (CVD). RESULTS: GFAP, NfL, and/or p-tau181 were elevated among all diseases compared to controls, and were broadly associated with worse baseline cognitive performance, greater cognitive decline, and/or lower functional independence. While GFAP, NfL, and p-tau181 were highly predictive across diseases, p-tau181 was more specific to the AD/MCI cohort. Sparse associations were found in the FTD and CVD cohorts and for Aβ42/40. DISCUSSION: GFAP, NfL, and p-tau181 are valuable predictors of cognition and function across common neurodegenerative diseases, and may be useful in specialized clinics and clinical trials.
  •  
9.
  • Andrén, Ove, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • MUC-1 gene is associated with prostate cancer death : a 20-year follow-up of a population-based study in Sweden
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Harcourt Publishers. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 97:6, s. 730-734
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anti-adhesion mucins have proven to play an important part in the biology of several types of cancer. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that altered expression of MUC-1 is associated with prostate cancer progression. We retrieved archival tumour tissue from a population-based cohort of 195 men with localised prostate cancer (T1a-b, Nx, M0) that has been followed for up to 20 years with watchful waiting. Semi-automated, quantitative immunohistochemistry was undertaken to evaluate MUC-1 expression. We modelled prostate cancer-specific death as a function of MUC-1 levels accounting for age, Gleason grade and tumour extent, and calculated age-adjusted and multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Men that had tumours with an MUC-intensity lower or higher than normal tissue had a higher risk of dying in prostate cancer, independent of tumour extent and Gleason score (HR 5.1 and 4.5, respectively). Adjustment for Gleason grade and tumour stage did not alter the results. Men with a Gleason score >=7 and MUC-1 deviating from the normal had a 17 (RR=17.1 95% confidence interval=2.3–128) times higher risk to die in prostate cancer compared with men with Gleason score <7 and normal MUC-1 intensity. In summary, our data show that MUC-1 is an independent prognostic marker for prostate cancer death.
  •  
10.
  • Jamil, Tarek S., et al. (författare)
  • Enhancement of TiO2 behavior on photocatalytic oxidation of MO dye using TiO2/AC under visible irradiation and sunlight radiation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1383-5866 .- 1873-3794. ; 98, s. 270-279
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The activated carbon loaded TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared and characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic efficiency of activated carbon loaded TiO2 was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of Methyl Orange (MO) dye in aqueous medium using visible and solar light. TiO2/AC exhibited higher photocatalytic oxidation efficiency of MO than that of naked TiO2. The various experimental parameters like initial dye concentration, amount of catalyst and solution pH for efficient dye degradation are investigated. Activity measurements performed under visible light and solar irradiation have shown good results for the photo degradation of MO in aqueous solution. The higher efficiency of TiO2/AC is due to synergy effect of activated carbon. Addition of high adsorption capacity activated carbon to photoactive titanium dioxide in photocatalytic degradation of dyes improves the efficiency of dye mineralization. The present catalysts show high adsorptivity and high photoactivity for the degradation of the MO dye and can be very easily separated from the solution by sedimentation or simple filtration and it can be used repeatedly for MO removal with preservation of its photoactivity.
  •  
11.
  • Samir, A., et al. (författare)
  • Splenomegaly versus pathological lung volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm; a linear regression analysis using CT volumetry
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2090-4762. ; 53:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Due to the paucity of scientific evidence, it is unclear among pulmonologists and physicians in critical care units if and when splenomegaly in novel coronavirus disease (2019) (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. This study aims to evaluate the significance of splenic volume during COVID-19 infection with or without cytokine storm and correlates splenic volume to the volume of pathological lung changes through linear regression analysis. Results: A retrospective study collected 509 polymerase chain reaction proved COVID-19 patients (399 males, 110 females; mean age 48 years, age range 24-78 years) between June and November 2021, without a history of splenic pathology. A control group of age and sex-matched 509 healthy subjects was used and analyzed according to the splenic volume. Five consulting radiologists evaluated initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations using lung CT volumetry and splenic volume calculation in consensus. Three consulting pulmonologists correlated the severity of clinical and laboratory findings, including oxygen requirements and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The T test results for comparison between the COVID-19 patients and the healthy subjects control group regarding the splenic volume were significant (Tvalue was - 4.731452 and p value was 0.00002). There was no significant correlation between the severity of the disease and normal-sized spleen (26% of patients, p= 0.916) or splenomegaly (24% of patients, p= 0.579). On the other hand, all patients with a small spleen or progressive splenomegaly during serial follow-up imaging had clinically severe disease with a statistically significant correlation (p= 0.017 and 0.003, respectively). Ninety-seven percent of patients with clinically mild disease and splenomegaly had 0-20% lung involvement (CT-severity score 1) while all patients with clinically severe disease and splenomegaly had 27-73% lung involvement (CT-severity score 2 and 3) (r = 0.305, p = 0.030). Conclusions: Splenomegaly is a non-specific sign that may be found during mild and severe COVID-19 infection, it was not statistically correlated with the clinical severity and a weak positive relationship was found between the splenic size and the CT-severity score of the pathological lung volume. On the other hand, the presence of splenic atrophy or progressive splenomegaly was correlated with severe COVID-19 presentation and "cytokine storm". Therefore, the splenic volume changes should not be overlooked in COVID-19 serial CT examinations, particularly in severe or critically ill patients with cytokine storms.
  •  
12.
  • Elrashdy, Fatma, et al. (författare)
  • Autoimmunity roots of the thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Autoimmunity Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9972 .- 1873-0183. ; 20:11
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although vaccination represents the most promising way to stop or contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and safety and effectiveness of available vaccines were proven, a small number of individuals who received anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed a prothrombotic syndrome. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) can be triggered by the adenoviral vector-based vaccine, whereas lipid nanoparticle-mRNA-based vaccines can induce rare cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although the main pathogenic mechanisms behind this rare phenomenon have not yet been identified, both host and vaccine factors might be involved, with pathology at least in part being related to the vaccine-triggered autoimmune reaction. In this review, we are considering some aspects related to pathogenesis, major risk factors, as well as peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.
  •  
13.
  • Ezzat, Kariem, et al. (författare)
  • PepFect 14, a novel cell-penetrating peptide for oligonucleotide delivery in solution and as solid formulation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 39:12, s. 5284-5298
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Numerous human genetic diseases are caused by mutations that give rise to aberrant alternative splicing. Recently, several of these debilitating disorders have been shown to be amenable for splice-correcting oligonucleotides (SCOs) that modify splicing patterns and restore the phenotype in experimental models. However, translational approaches are required to transform SCOs into usable drug products. In this study, we present a new cell-penetrating peptide, PepFect14 (PF14), which efficiently delivers SCOs to different cell models including HeLa pLuc705 and mdx mouse myotubes; a cell culture model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Non-covalent PF14-SCO nanocomplexes induce splice-correction at rates higher than the commercially available lipid-based vector Lipofectamine™ 2000 (LF2000) and remain active in the presence of serum. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating this delivery system into solid formulations that could be suitable for several therapeutic applications. Solid dispersion technique is utilized and the formed solid formulations are as active as the freshly prepared nanocomplexes in solution even when stored at an elevated temperatures for several weeks. In contrast, LF2000 drastically loses activity after being subjected to same procedure. This shows that using PF14 is a very promising translational approach for the delivery of SCOs in different pharmaceutical forms.
  •  
14.
  • Farag, Mohamed A., et al. (författare)
  • Phytochemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activities of Allium cepa Red cv. and A. sativum Subjected to Different Drying Methods : A Comparative MS-Based Metabolomics
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 22:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plants of the Allium genus produce sulphur compounds that give them a characteristic (alliaceous) flavour and mediate for their medicinal use. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Allium cepa red cv. and A. sativum in the context of three different drying processes were assessed using metabolomics. Bulbs were dried using either microwave, air drying, or freeze drying and further subjected to chemical analysis of their composition of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Volatiles were collected using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with 42 identified volatiles including 30 sulphur compounds, four nitriles, three aromatics, and three esters. Profiling of the polar non-volatile metabolites via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution MS (UPLC/MS) annotated 51 metabolites including dipeptides, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and fatty acids. Major peaks in GC/MS or UPLC/MS contributing to the discrimination between A. sativum and A. cepa red cv. were assigned to sulphur compounds and flavonoids. Whereas sulphur conjugates amounted to the major forms in A. sativum, flavonoids predominated in the chemical composition of A. cepa red cv. With regard to drying impact on Allium metabolites, notable and clear separations among specimens were revealed using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA scores plot of the UPLC/MS dataset showed closer metabolite composition of microwave dried specimens to freeze dried ones, and distant from air dried bulbs, observed in both A. cepa and A. sativum. Compared to GC/MS, the UPLC/MS derived PCA model was more consistent and better in assessing the impact of drying on Allium metabolism. A phthalate derivative was found exclusively in a commercial garlic preparation via GC/MS, of yet unknown origin. The freeze dried samples of both Allium species exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities compared to dried specimens with A. sativum being in general more active than A. cepa red cv.
  •  
15.
  • Ferreira, Silvia A, et al. (författare)
  • Bi-directional cell-pericellular matrix interactions direct stem cell fate
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Modifiable hydrogels have revealed tremendous insight into how physical characteristics of cells' 3D environment drive stem cell lineage specification. However, in native tissues, cells do not passively receive signals from their niche. Instead they actively probe and modify their pericellular space to suit their needs, yet the dynamics of cells' reciprocal interactions with their pericellular environment when encapsulated within hydrogels remains relatively unexplored. Here, we show that human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) encapsulated within hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels modify their surroundings by synthesizing, secreting and arranging proteins pericellularly or by degrading the hydrogel. hMSC's interactions with this local environment have a role in regulating hMSC fate, with a secreted proteinaceous pericellular matrix associated with adipogenesis, and degradation with osteogenesis. Our observations suggest that hMSC participate in a bi-directional interplay between the properties of their 3D milieu and their own secreted pericellular matrix, and that this combination of interactions drives fate.
  •  
16.
  • Hassan, Sk Sarif, et al. (författare)
  • A unique view of SARS-CoV-2 through the lens of ORF8 protein
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Computers in Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4825 .- 1879-0534. ; 133
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Immune evasion is one of the unique characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) attributed to its ORF8 protein. This protein modulates the adaptive host immunity through down regulation of MHC-1 (Major Histocompatibility Complex) molecules and innate immune responses by surpassing the host's interferon-mediated antiviral response. To understand the host's immune perspective in reference to the ORF8 protein, a comprehensive study of the ORF8 protein and mutations possessed by it have been performed. Chemical and structural properties of ORF8 proteins from different hosts, such as human, bat, and pangolin, suggest that the ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2 is much closer to ORF8 of Bat RaTG13-CoV than to that of Pangolin-CoV. Eighty-seven mutations across unique variants of ORF8 in SARS-CoV-2 can be grouped into four classes based on their predicted effects (Hussain et al., 2021) [1]. Based on the geo-locations and timescale of sample collection, a possible flow of mutations was built. Furthermore, conclusive flows of amalgamation of mutations were found upon sequence similarity analyses and consideration of the amino acid conservation phylogenies. Therefore, this study seeks to highlight the uniqueness of the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 through the ORF8.
  •  
17.
  • Kalaria, Raj, et al. (författare)
  • The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact.
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - 1552-5279.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs.
  •  
18.
  • Lundstrom, Kenneth, et al. (författare)
  • COVID-19 Vaccines and Thrombosis-Roadblock or Dead-End Street?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI. - 2218-273X. ; 11:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two adenovirus-based vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S, and two mRNA-based vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA.1273, have been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and are invaluable in preventing and reducing the incidence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Recent reports have pointed to thrombosis with associated thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect occurring at a low frequency in some individuals after vaccination. The causes of such events may be related to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with different C-type lectin receptors, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and the CD147 receptor, or to different soluble splice variants of the spike protein, adenovirus vector interactions with the CD46 receptor or platelet factor 4 antibodies. Similar findings have been reported for several viral diseases after vaccine administration. In addition, immunological mechanisms elicited by viral vectors related to cellular delivery could play a relevant role in individuals with certain genetic backgrounds. Although rare, the potential COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) requires immediate validation, especially in risk groups, such as the elderly, chronic smokers, and individuals with pre-existing incidences of thrombocytopenia; and if necessary, a reformulation of existing vaccines.
  •  
19.
  •  
20.
  • Rubin, Mark A., et al. (författare)
  • Decreased alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase expression in localized prostate cancer is associated with an increased rate of biochemical recurrence and cancer-specific death
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 18, s. 162A-162A
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • alpha-Methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) is overexpressed in prostate cancer relative to benign prostatic tissue. AMACR expression is highest in localized prostate cancer and decreases in metastatic prostate cancer. Herein, we explored the use of AMACR as a biomarker for aggressive prostate cancer. AMACR protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry using an image analysis system on two localized prostate cancer cohorts consisting of 204 men treated by radical prostatectomy and 188 men followed expectantly. The end points for the cohorts were time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure (i.e., elevation > 0.2 ng/mL) and time to prostate cancer death in the watchful waiting cohort. Using a regression tree method, optimal AMACR protein expression cutpoints were determined to best differentiate prostate cancer outcome in each of the cohorts separately. Cox proportional hazard models were then employed to examine the effect of the AMACR cutpoint on prostate cancer outcome, and adjusted for clinical variables. Lower AMACR tissue expression was associated with worse prostate cancer outcome, independent of clinical variables (hazard ratio, 3.7 for PSA failure; P = 0.018; hazard ratio, 4.1 for prostate cancer death, P = 0.0006). Among those with both low AMACR expression and high Gleason score, the risk of prostate cancer death was 18-fold higher (P = 0.006). The AMACR cutpoint developed using prostate cancer-specific death as the end point predicted PSA failures independent of Gleason score, PSA, and margin status. This is the first study to show that AMACR expression is significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and suggests that not all surrogate end points may be optimal to define biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer.
  •  
21.
  • Sayed, Mahmoud, et al. (författare)
  • Selective oxidation of trimethylolpropane to 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid using growing cells of Corynebacterium sp. ATCC 21245.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 221, s. 62-69
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multifunctional chemicals including hydroxycarboxylic acids are gaining increasing interest due to their growing applications in the polymer industry. One approach for their production is a biological selective oxidation of polyols, which is difficult to achieve by conventional chemical catalysis. In the present study, trimethylolpropane (TMP), a trihydric alcohol, was subjected to selective oxidation using growing cells of Corynebacterium sp. ATCC 21245as a biocatalyst and yielding the dihydroxy-monocarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid (BHMB). The study revealed that co-substrates are crucial for this reaction. Among the different evaluated co-substrates, a mixture of glucose, xylose and acetate at a ratio of 5:5:2 was found optimum. The optimal conditions for biotransformation were pH 8, 1v/v/m airflow and 500rpm stirring speed. In batch mode of operation, 70.6% of 5g/l TMP was converted to BHMB in 10 days. For recovery of the product the adsorption pattern of BHMB to the anion exchange resin, Ambersep(®)900 (OH(-)), was investigated in batch and column experiments giving maximum static and dynamic binding capacities of 135 and 144mg/g resin, respectively. BHMB was separated with 89.7% of recovery yield from the fermentation broth. The approach is applicable for selective oxidation of other highly branched polyols by biotransformation.
  •  
22.
  • Tarek, Mohamed, et al. (författare)
  • Epidemiology, Genetic Characterization, and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza H5N8 Viruses Circulating in Northern and Southern Parts of Egypt, 2017-2019
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 11:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simple Summary During 2020-2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were spreading rapidly, and two genetically distinct lineages were detected in Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. HPAI H5N8 viruses have been circulating in Egyptian poultry flocks since 2016. In this study, 74 commercial chicken farms tested positive for HPAI H5N8 virus. Genetic characterization of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) of Egyptian HPAI H5N8 viruses showed a relationship with those recently isolated in Europe. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 continue to circulate, causing huge economic losses and serious impact on poultry production worldwide. Recently, HPAIV H5N8 has been spreading rapidly, and a large number of HPAI H5N8 outbreaks have been reported in Eurasia 2020-2021. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of HPAI H5N8 virus at different geographical locations in Egypt from 2017 to 2019. This was followed by genetic and pathogenic studies. Our findings highlight the wide spread of HPAI H5N8 viruses in Egypt, including in 22 governorates. The genetic analyses of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments emphasized a phylogenetic relatedness between the Egyptian HPAI H5N8 viruses and viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b recently isolated in Europe. These findings suggest that a potential back transmission of Egyptian HPAI H5N8 virus has occurred from domestic poultry in Egypt to migratory wild birds, followed by further spread to different countries. This highlights the importance of continuous epidemiological and genetic studies of AIVs at the domestic-wild bird interface.
  •  
23.
  • Zahra, Maram Hussein, et al. (författare)
  • Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) : Food and Medicinal Plant with Potential In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Cancer Activities
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aim: Plants play an important role in anti-cancer drug discovery, therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of Alpinia zerumbet (A. zerumbet) flowers. Methods: The phytochemical and biological criteria of A. zerumbet were in vitro investigated as well as in mouse xenograft model. Results: A. zerumbet extracts, specially CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts, exhibited the highest potent anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The most active CH2Cl2 extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation leading to isolatation of the naturally occurring 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) which was characterized by IR, MS, H-1-NMR and C-13-NMR. A. zerumbet extracts, specially MeOH and CH2Cl2 extracts, exhibited significant inhibitory activity towards tumor volume (TV). Furthermore, A. zerumbet extracts declined the high level of malonaldehyde (MDA) as well as elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue homogenate. Moreover, DK showed anti-proliferative action on different human cancer cell lines. The recorded IC50 values against breast carcinoma (MCF-7), liver carcinoma (Hep-G2) and larynx carcinoma cells (HEP-2) were 3.08, 6.8, and 8.7 mu g/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings open the door for further investigations in order to explore the potential medicinal properties of A. zerumbet.
  •  
24.
  • Zrinzo, Ludvic, et al. (författare)
  • Targeting of the pedunculopontine nucleus by an MRI-guided approach : a cadaver study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - Wien : Springer. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 118:10, s. 1487-1495
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Laboratory evidence suggests that the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of gait. Translational research has led to reports on deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the rostral brainstem in parkinsonian patients. However, initial clinical results appear to be rather variable. Possible factors include patient selection and the wide variability in anatomical location of implanted electrodes. Clinical studies on PPN DBS efficacy would, therefore, benefit from an accurate and reproducible method of stereotactic localization of the nucleus. The present study evaluates the anatomical accuracy of a specific protocol for MRI-guided stereotactic targeting of the PPN in a human cadaver. Imaging at 1.5 and 9.4 T confirmed electrode location in the intended region as defined anatomically by the surrounding fiber tracts. The spatial relations of each electrode track to the nucleus were explored by subsequent histological examination. This confirmed that the neuropil surrounding each electrode track contained scattered large neurons morphologically consistent with those of the subnucleus dissipatus and compactus of the PPN. The results support the accuracy of the described specific MR imaging protocol.
  •  
25.
  • Adel, Amany, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 14:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since it was first discovered, the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 subtype has established linages infecting the poultry population globally and has become one of the most prevalent influenza subtypes in domestic poultry. Several different variants and genotypes of LPAI H9N2 viruses have been reported in Egypt, but little is known about their pathogenicity and how they have evolved. In this study, four different Egyptian LPAI H9N2 viruses were genetically and antigenically characterized and compared to representative H9N2 viruses from G1 lineage. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of three genetically distinct Egyptian LPAI H9N2 viruses was assessed by experimental infection in chickens. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the H9N2 virus of the Egy-2 G1-B lineage (pigeon-like) has become the dominant circulating H9N2 genotype in Egypt since 2016. Considerable variation in virus shedding at day 7 post-infections was detected in infected chickens, but no significant difference in pathogenicity was found between the infected groups. The rapid spread and emergence of new genotypes of the influenza viruses pinpoint the importance of continuous surveillance for the detection of novel reassortant viruses, as well as monitoring the viral evolution.
  •  
26.
  • Badr, Hussein O., et al. (författare)
  • Bottom-up, scalable synthesis of anatase nanofilament-based two-dimensional titanium carbo-oxide flakes
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Materials Today. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 1369-7021 .- 1873-4103. ; 54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer advantages that their 3D counterparts do not. The conventional method for the bulk synthesis of 2D materials has predominantly been through etching layered solids. Herein, we convert - through a bottom-up approach - 10 binary and ternary titanium carbides, nitrides, borides, phosphides, and silicides into 2D flakes by immersing them in a tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at temperatures in the 25-85 degrees C range. Based on X-ray diffraction, density functional theory, X-ray photoelectron, electron energy loss, Raman, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopies, transmission and scanning electron microscope images and selected area diffraction, we conclude that the resulting flakes are carbon containing anatase-based layers that are, in turn, comprised of approximate to 6 x 10 angstrom(2) nanofilaments in cross-section some of which are few microns long. Electrodes made from some of these films performed well in lithium-ion and lithium-sulphur systems. These materials also reduce the viability of cancer cells thus showing potential in biomedical applications. Synthesizing 2D materials, at near ambient conditions, with non-layered, inexpensive, green precursors (e.g., TiC) is paradigm shifting and will undoubtedly open new and exciting avenues of research and applications.
  •  
27.
  • Brown, Anthony M., et al. (författare)
  • Active Galactic Nuclei population studies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021) - GAI - Gamma Ray Indirect. - Trieste, Italy : Sissa Medialab. - 1824-8039. ; 395
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory is the next generation of ground-based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). Building on the strengths of current IACTs, CTA is designed to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity, with unprecedented angular and energy resolution. CTA will also increase the energy reach of IACTs, observing photons in the energy range from 20 GeV to beyond 100 TeV. These advances in performance will see CTA heralding in a new era for high-energy astrophysics, with the emphasis shifting from source discovery, to population studies and precision measurements. In this talk we discuss CTA’s ability to conduct source population studies of γ-ray bright active galactic nuclei and how this ability will enhance our understanding on the redshift evolution of this dominant γ-ray source class. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.
  •  
28.
  • Burchardi, Konrad B., et al. (författare)
  • Migrants, Ancestors, and Foreign Investments
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The Review of Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0034-6527 .- 1467-937X. ; 86:4, s. 1448-1486
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We use 130 years of data on historical migrations to the U.S. to show a causal effect of the ancestry composition of U.S. counties on foreign direct investment (FDI) sent and received by local firms. To isolate the causal effect of ancestry on FDI, we build a simple reduced-form model of migrations: Migrations from a foreign country to a U.S. county at a given time depend on (1) a push factor, causing emigration from that foreign country to the entire U.S., and (2) a pull factor, causing immigration from all origins into that U.S. county. The interaction between time-series variation in origin-specific push factors and destination-specific pull factors generates quasi-random variation in the allocation of migrants across U.S. counties. We find that doubling the number of residents with ancestry from a given foreign country relative to the mean increases the probability that at least one local firm engages in FDI with that country by 4 percentage points. We present evidence that this effect is primarily driven by a reduction in information frictions, and not by better contract enforcement, taste similarities, or a convergence in factor endowments.
  •  
29.
  • Burchardi, Konrad B., et al. (författare)
  • The Economic Impact of Social Ties : Evidence from German Reunification
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0033-5533 .- 1531-4650. ; 128:3, s. 1219-1271
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We use the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 to show that personal relationships which individuals maintain for noneconomic reasons can be an important determinant of regional economic growth. We show that West German households who had social ties to East Germany in 1989 experienced a persistent rise in their personal incomes after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Moreover, the presence of these households significantly affects economic performance at the regional level: it increases the returns to entrepreneurial activity, the share of households who become entrepreneurs, and the likelihood that firms based within a given West German region invest in East Germany. As a result, West German regions that (for idiosyncratic reasons) have a high concentration of households with social ties to the East exhibit substantially higher growth in income per capita in the early 1990s. A one standard deviation rise in the share of households with social ties to East Germany in 1989 is associated with a 4.7 percentage point rise in income per capita over six years. We interpret our findings as evidence of a causal link between social ties and regional economic development. JEL Codes: O10, O43, J61, L14, F20.
  •  
30.
  • Cournia, Zoe, et al. (författare)
  • Membrane Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics : a Perspective from Experiments and Theory
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Membrane Biology. - : Springer. - 0022-2631 .- 1432-1424. ; 248:4, s. 611-640
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Membrane proteins mediate processes that are fundamental for the flourishing of biological cells. Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes; receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment and membrane-embedded enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. Understanding these mechanisms of action requires knowledge of how the proteins couple to their fluid, hydrated lipid membrane environment. We present here current studies in computational and experimental membrane protein biophysics, and show how they address outstanding challenges in understanding the complex environmental effects on the structure, function, and dynamics of membrane proteins.
  •  
31.
  • Dishisha, Tarek, et al. (författare)
  • Improved propionic acid production from glycerol: combining cyclic batch-and sequential batch fermentations with optimal nutrient composition
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 176, s. 80-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Propionic acid was produced from glycerol using Propionibacterium acidipropionici. In this study, the impact of the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, and of different modes of high cell density fermentations on process kinetics and -efficiency was investigated. Three-way ANOVA analysis and batch cultivations at varying C/N ratios at pH 6.5 revealed that propionic acid production rate is significantly influenced by yeast extract concentration. Glycerol to yeast extract ratio (w w−1) of 3:1 was required for complete glycerol consumption, while maintaining the volumetric productivity. Using this optimum C/N ratio for propionic acid production in cyclic batch fermentation gave propionate yield up to 93 mol% and productivity of 0.53 g L−1 h−1. Moreover, sequential batch fermentation with cell recycling resulted in production rates exceeding 1 g L−1 h−1 at initial glycerol up to 120 g L−1, and a maximum of 1.63 g L−1 h−1 from 90 g L−1 glycerol.
  •  
32.
  • Eisenberg, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 22:12, s. 1428-1438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aging is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Here we show that oral supplementation of the natural polyamine spermidine extends the lifespan of mice and exerts cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy and preserving diastolic function in old mice. Spermidine feeding enhanced cardiac autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration, and it also improved the mechano-elastical properties of cardiomyocytes in vivo, coinciding with increased titin phosphorylation and suppressed subclinical inflammation. Spermidine feeding failed to provide cardioprotection in mice that lack the autophagy-related protein Atg5 in cardiomyocytes. In Dahl salt-sensitive rats that were fed a high-salt diet, a model for hypertension-induced congestive heart failure, spermidine feeding reduced systemic blood pressure, increased titin phosphorylation and prevented cardiac hypertrophy and a decline in diastolic function, thus delaying the progression to heart failure. In humans, high levels of dietary spermidine, as assessed from food questionnaires, correlated with reduced blood pressure and a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest a new and feasible strategy for protection against cardiovascular disease.
  •  
33.
  • El-Aarag, Bishoy, et al. (författare)
  • New metal complexes derived from diacetylmonoxime-n(4)antipyrinylthiosemicarbazone : Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antitumor activity against Ehrlich solid tumors induced in mice
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Arabian Journal of Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5352 .- 1878-5379. ; 14:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study aimed to synthesize new metal complexes of diacetylmonoxime-N(4)antipyrinylthiosemicarbazone ligand and evaluate their antitumor activity. New complexes with ferric, cobalt, nickel and copper ions were prepared. Elemental, 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–visible and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterize the obtained complexes 1–11. An in vivo tumor model was established to investigate the effect of the naked ligand and its metal complexes 2, 5 and 8. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumor was induced in mice through subcutaneous inoculation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The volumes of the formed solid tumors, the alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, albumin concentration in the serum, as well as the levels of Ki67 and p53 proteins in tumor and liver tissues were detected. All the tested complexes, especially complex 5, possessed proliferative inhibition manifested as the reduction of the tumor volume, Alanine aminotransferase & Aspartate aminotransferase activity, and the level of the Ki67 protein. Additionally, they restored the albumin concentration to normal levels as well increased the level of pro-apoptotic p53 protein. In conclusion, the antitumor activity of the newly synthesized metal complexes against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumors was proved to be mediated by the inhibition of Ki67 and induction of p53 proteins.
  •  
34.
  • El-Saied, Fathy, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Anti-Cancer Activity of New Metal Complexes Derived from Isatin-N(4)antipyrinethiosemicarbazone Ligand Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The current study aimed to synthesize new metal coordination complexes with potential biomedical applications. Metal complexes were prepared via the reaction of isatin-N(4)anti- pyrinethiosemicarbazone ligand 1 with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III) ions. The obtained metal complexes 2-12 were characterized using elemental, spectral (H-1-NMR, EPR, Mass, IR, UV-Vis) and thermal (TGA) techniques, as well as magnetic moment and molar conductance measurements. In addition, their geometries were studied using EPR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the in vivo anti-cancer activities of these complexes, the ligand 1 and its metal complexes 2, 7 and 9 were tested against solid tumors. The solid tumors were induced by subcutaneous (SC) injection of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in mice. The impact of the selected complexes on the reduction of tumor volume was determined. Also, the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cysteine aspartyl-specific protease-7 (caspase-7) in tumor and liver tissues of mice bearing EAC tumor were determined. Moreover, their effects on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin, and glucose levels were measured. The results revealed that the tested compounds, especially complex 9, reduced tumor volume, inhibited the expression of VEGF, and induced the expression of caspase-7. Additionally, they restored the levels of ALT, AST, albumin, and glucose close to their normal levels. Taken together, our newly synthesized metal complexes are promising anti-cancer agents against solid tumors induced by EAC cells as supported by the inhibition of VEGF and induction of caspase-7.
  •  
35.
  • El-Segaier, Milad, et al. (författare)
  • Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Neonates with Intracardiac and Great Vessels Thrombosis
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971. ; 36:8, s. 1582-1587
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Life-threatening intracardiac and great vessels thrombi are rare in neonates. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is used in adults to stimulate fibrinolysis and facilitate thrombus resolution. Its use in neonates, along with heparin, remains controversial because of potential risk of serious bleeding. We aim to present our experience with the use of thrombolytic agents in seven neonates and young infants. In a retrospective study, over a period of 6 years, the medical records of neonates and young infants, who were diagnosed with intracardiac and great vessels thrombi, were reviewed. The following factors were collected: demographic data, primary diagnosis, thrombus site, risk factors, method of diagnosis, thrombolytic and/or anticoagulation agent, route, dose and duration of treatment, complications, and outcome. Six neonates and one 45-day-old infant were analyzed. Age ranged from 5 to 45 days (median age 12 days), and median weight was 2.9 kg (range 0.9-3.8 kg). The thrombi were diagnosed by echocardiography in five and by angiography in two cases. All patients had life-threatening thrombi; four were treated with rTPA (0.5 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) and heparin infusions with complete dissolution of the thrombi, within a median time of 60 h (6-72 h), and without complications. The remaining three patients (two who were premature, at 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, and the third who had a deranged coagulation profile) were treated with unfractionated heparin due to fear of bleeding. The thrombi dissolved in the premature babies (within 2 weeks and 3 months, respectively) but embolized and resulted in the death of the third infant after 2 weeks of treatment. The current case series confirmed the effectiveness and safety of intravenous rTPA infusion, at the dosages used, in neonates and young infants with life-threatening thrombi.
  •  
36.
  • ElMeligy, Tarek Aly, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis, characterization, properties, first principles calculations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of bulk Mn5SiB2 and Fe5SiB2 ternary borides
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 888
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Herein, we synthesize fully dense, bulk, predominantly single-phase, polycrystalline samples of the layered ternary transition metal borides Mn5SiB2 and Fe5SiB2 by reactively hot-pressing Mn, Fe, FeB, Si, and B powders. The atomic structures were imaged using high-resolution scanning transmission electron mi-croscopy and revealed high-crystal quality. Elongated striped defects, confined below the nanometer in width, were observed. Selected area electron diffraction further accentuates the high-crystal quality by discrete spots of pattern, that is expected from a tetragonal crystal structure along the [001] zone axis. With Vickers hardness values of 12.1 +/- 0.4 GPa, and 12.7 +/- 0.1 GPa, for Mn5SiB2 and Fe5SiB2 respectively, these borides are relatively soft. The room temperature electrical resistivities were 1.5 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 mu Omega m, for Mn5SiB2 and Fe5SiB2, respectively. The binding energies of the Mn, Fe and Si measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy bolster the idea that the bonds are quite metallic in character. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the ground states of both compounds are ferromagnetic as observed experimentally. We also use DFT to predict the elastic and electronic properties. In both compounds, the density of states at the Fermi level are dominated by the d-orbitals of the transition metals. Neither material was readily machinable with conventional tooling, but is so with sharp cobalt steel bits or electro-discharge machining (EDM). (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
37.
  • Hariz, Marwan I, et al. (författare)
  • A quick and universal method for stereotactic visualization of the subthalamic nucleus before and after implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. - : S. Karger AG. - 1011-6125 .- 1423-0372. ; 80:1-4, s. 96-101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), it would be an advantage if the STN could be visualized with fast acquisition of MR images, allowing direct and individual targeting. We present a protocol for T2-weighted, nonvolumetric fast-acquisition MRI, implemented at 8 centers in 6 countries. Acquisition time varied between 3 min 5 s and 7 min 48 s according to the center, and imaging often provided visualization of the STN on axial and coronal scans. Postoperatively, the same imaging protocol permitted visualization of the target area and DBS electrodes with minimum artifacts. This imaging technique may contribute to a decrease in the number of electrode passes at surgery.
  •  
38.
  •  
39.
  • Hoban, Sean, et al. (författare)
  • Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 71:9, s. 964-976
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity-one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species' adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to knowledge gaps in key areas, including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends in genetic diversity change; the perceived high expense and low availability and the scattered nature of genetic data; and complicated concepts and information that are inaccessible to policymakers. However, numerous recent advances in knowledge, technology, databases, practice, and capacity have now set the stage for better integration of genetic diversity in policy instruments and conservation efforts. We review these developments and explore how they can support improved consideration of genetic diversity in global conservation policy commitments and enable countries to monitor, report on, and take action to maintain or restore genetic diversity.
  •  
40.
  •  
41.
  • Janssens, Rosanne, et al. (författare)
  • How can patient preferences be used and communicated in the regulatory evaluation of medicinal products? : Findings and recommendations from IMI PREFER and call to action
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Patients have unique insights and are (in-)directly affected by each decision taken throughout the life cycle of medicinal products. Patient preference studies (PPS) assess what matters most to patients, how much, and what trade-offs patients are willing to make. IMI PREFER was a six-year European public-private partnership under the Innovative Medicines Initiative that developed recommendations on how to assess and use PPS in medical product decision-making, including in the regulatory evaluation of medicinal products. This paper aims to summarize findings and recommendations from IMI PREFER regarding i) PPS applications in regulatory evaluation, ii) when and how to consult with regulators on PPS, iii) how to reflect PPS in regulatory communication and iv) barriers and open questions for PPS in regulatory decision-making.Methods: PREFER performed six literature reviews, 143 interviews and eight focus group discussions with regulators, patient representatives, industry representatives, Health Technology Assessment bodies, payers, academics, and clincians between October 2016 and May 2022.Results: i) With respect to PPS applications, prior to the conduct of clinical trials of medicinal products, PPS could inform regulators' understanding of patients' unmet needs and relevant endpoints during horizon scanning activities and scientific advice. During the evaluation of a marketing authorization application, PPS could inform: a) the assessment of whether a product meets an unmet need, b) whether patient-relevant clinical trial endpoints and outcomes were studied, c) the understanding of patient-relevant effect sizes and acceptable trade-offs, and d) the identification of key (un-)favorable effects and uncertainties. ii) With respect to consulting with regulators on PPS, PPS researchers should ideally have early discussions with regulators (e.g., during scientific advice) on the PPS design and research questions. iii) Regarding external PPS communication, PPS could be reflected in the assessment report and product information (e.g., the European Public Assessment Report and the Summary of Product Characteristics). iv) Barriers relevant to the use of PPS in regulatory evaluation include a lack of PPS use cases and demonstrated impact on regulatory decision-making, and need for (financial) incentives, guidance and quality criteria for implementing PPS results in regulatory decision-making. Open questions concerning regulatory PPS use include: a) should a product independent broad approach to the design of PPS be taken and/or a product-specific one, b) who should optimally be financing, designing, conducting, and coordinating PPS, c) when (within and/or outside clinical trials) to perform PPS, and d) how can PPS use best be operationalized in regulatory decisions.Conclusion: PPS have high potential to inform regulators on key unmet needs, endpoints, benefits, and risks that matter most to patients and their acceptable trade-offs. Regulatory guidelines, templates and checklists, together with incentives are needed to foster structural and transparent PPS submission and evaluation in regulatory decision-making. More PPS case studies should be conducted and submitted for regulatory assessment to enable regulatory discussion and increase regulators' experience with PPS implementation and communication in regulatory evaluations.
  •  
42.
  • Korany, Ahmed H., et al. (författare)
  • Comparative structural analysis of different mycobacteriophage-derived mycolylarabinogalactan esterases (Lysin B)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-273X. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mycobacteriophage endolysins have emerged as a potential alternative to the current antimycobacterial agents. This study focuses on mycolylarabinogalactan hydrolase (LysB) enzymes of the α/β-hydrolase family, which disrupt the unique mycolic acid layer of mycobacterium cell wall. Multiple sequence alignment and structural analysis studies showed LysB-D29, the only enzyme with a solved three-dimensional structure, to share several common features with esterases (lacking lid domain) and lipases (acting on long chain lipids). Sequence and structural comparisons of 30 LysB homology models showed great variation in domain organizations and total protein length with major differences in the loop-5 motif harboring the catalytic histidine residue. Docking of different p-nitrophenyl ligands (C4-C18) to LysB-3D models revealed that the differences in length and residues of loop-5 contributed towards wide diversity of active site conformations (long tunnels, deep and superficial funnels, shallow bowls, and a narrow buried cave) resembling that of lipases, cutinases, and esterases. A set of seven LysB enzymes were recombinantly produced; their activity against p-nitrophenyl esters could be related to their active site conformation and acyl binding site. LysB-D29 (long tunnel) showed the highest activity with long chain p-nitrophenyl palmitate followed by LysB-Omega (shallow bowl) and LysB-Saal (deep funnel).
  •  
43.
  • Lembrechts, Jonas J., et al. (författare)
  • Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models : From in-situ logging to remote sensing
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 28:11, s. 1578-1596
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim Although species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link species occurrences to free-air temperature data at coarse spatio-temporal resolution, the distribution of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal to their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse-grained free-air temperatures, satellite-measured land surface temperatures (LST) or in-situ-measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison of temperature data sources and their performance in SDMs is, however, currently lacking. Location Northern Scandinavia. Time period 1970-2017. Major taxa studied Higher plants. Methods We evaluated different sources of temperature data (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E-OBS, topoclimate and soil temperature from miniature data loggers), differing in spatial resolution (from 1 '' to 0.1 degrees), measurement focus (free-air, ground-surface or soil temperature) and temporal extent (year-long versus long-term averages), and used them to fit SDMs for 50 plant species with different growth forms in a high-latitudinal mountain region. Results Differences between these temperature data sources originating from measurement focus and temporal extent overshadow the effects of temporal climatic differences and spatio-temporal resolution, with elevational lapse rates ranging from -0.6 degrees C per 100 m for long-term free-air temperature data to -0.2 degrees C per 100 m for in-situ soil temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the performance of the temperature data in SDMs depended on the growth forms of species. The use of in-situ soil temperatures improved the explanatory power of our SDMs (R-2 on average +16%), especially for forbs and graminoids (R-2 +24 and +21% on average, respectively) compared with the other data sources. Main conclusions We suggest that future studies using SDMs should use the temperature dataset that best reflects the ecology of the species, rather than automatically using coarse-grained data from WorldClim or CHELSA.
  •  
44.
  • Lochner, Michelle, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing the LSST Observing Strategy for Dark Energy Science : DESC Recommendations for the Wide-Fast-Deep Survey
  • 2018
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cosmology is one of the four science pillars of LSST, which promises to be transformative for our understanding of dark energy and dark matter. The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) has been tasked with deriving constraints on cosmological parameters from LSST data. Each of the cosmological probes for LSST is heavily impacted by the choice of observing strategy. This white paper is written by the LSST DESC Observing Strategy Task Force (OSTF), which represents the entire collaboration, and aims to make recommendations on observing strategy that will benefit all cosmological analyses with LSST. It is accompanied by the DESC DDF (Deep Drilling Fields) white paper (Scolnic et al.). We use a variety of metrics to understand the effects of the observing strategy on measurements of weak lensing, large-scale structure, clusters, photometric redshifts, supernovae, strong lensing and kilonovae. In order to reduce systematic uncertainties, we conclude that the current baseline observing strategy needs to be significantly modified to result in the best possible cosmological constraints. We provide some key recommendations: moving the WFD (Wide-Fast-Deep) footprint to avoid regions of high extinction, taking visit pairs in different filters, changing the 2x15s snaps to a single exposure to improve efficiency, focusing on strategies that reduce long gaps (>15 days) between observations, and prioritizing spatial uniformity at several intervals during the 10-year survey.
  •  
45.
  •  
46.
  • O'Brien, David, et al. (författare)
  • Bringing together approaches to reporting on within species genetic diversity
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 59:9, s. 2227-2233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic diversity is one of the three main levels of biodiversity recognised in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Fundamental for species adaptation to environmental change, genetic diversity is nonetheless under-reported within global and national indicators. When it is reported, the focus is often narrow and confined to domesticated or other commercial species.Several approaches have recently been developed to address this shortfall in reporting on genetic diversity of wild species. While multiplicity of approaches is helpful in any development process, it can also lead to confusion among policy makers and heighten a perception that conservation genetics is too abstract to be of use to organisations and governments.As the developers of five of the different approaches, we have come together to explain how various approaches relate to each other and propose a scorecard, as a unifying reporting mechanism for genetic diversity.Policy implications. We believe the proposed combined approach captures the strengths of its components and is practical for all nations and subnational governments. It is scalable and can be used to evaluate species conservation projects as well as genetic conservation projects.
  •  
47.
  • Pemberton, Hugh G., et al. (författare)
  • Automated quantitative MRI volumetry reports support diagnostic interpretation in dementia : a multi-rater, clinical accuracy study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 31:7, s. 5312-5323
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives We examined whether providing a quantitative report (QReport) of regional brain volumes improves radiologists' accuracy and confidence in detecting volume loss, and in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), compared with visual assessment alone. Methods Our forced-choice multi-rater clinical accuracy study used MRI from 16 AD patients, 14 FTD patients, and 15 healthy controls; age range 52-81. Our QReport was presented to raters with regional grey matter volumes plotted as percentiles against data from a normative population (n = 461). Nine raters with varying radiological experience (3 each: consultants, registrars, 'non-clinical image analysts') assessed each case twice (with and without the QReport). Raters were blinded to clinical and demographic information; they classified scans as 'normal' or 'abnormal' and if 'abnormal' as 'AD' or 'FTD'. Results The QReport improved sensitivity for detecting volume loss and AD across all raters combined (p = 0.015* and p = 0.002*, respectively). Only the consultant group's accuracy increased significantly when using the QReport (p = 0.02*). Overall, raters' agreement (Cohen's kappa) with the 'gold standard' was not significantly affected by the QReport; only the consultant group improved significantly (kappa(s) 0.41 -> 0.55, p = 0.04*). Cronbach's alpha for interrater agreement improved from 0.886 to 0.925, corresponding to an improvement from 'good' to 'excellent'. Conclusion Our QReport referencing single-subject results to normative data alongside visual assessment improved sensitivity, accuracy, and interrater agreement for detecting volume loss. The QReport was most effective in the consultants, suggesting that experience is needed to fully benefit from the additional information provided by quantitative analyses.
  •  
48.
  • Peng, Jiaxin, et al. (författare)
  • DNNARA : A Deep Neural Network Accelerator using Residue Arithmetic and Integrated Photonics
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the 49th International Conference on Parallel Processing. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450388160 ; , s. 1-11
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are currently used in many fields, including critical real-time applications. Due to its compute-intensive nature, speeding up DNNs has become an important topic in current research. We propose a hybrid opto-electronic computing architecture targeting the acceleration of DNNs based on the residue number system (RNS). In this novel architecture, we combine the use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and RNS for efficient execution. WDM is used to enable a high level of parallelism while reducing the number of optical components needed to decrease the area of the accelerator. Moreover, RNS is used to generate optical components with short optical critical paths. In addition to speed, this has the advantage of lowering the optical losses and reducing the need for high laser power. Our RNS compute modules use one-hot encoding and thus enable fast switching between the electrical and optical domains. In this work, we demonstrate how to implement the different DNN computational kernels using WDM-enabled RNS based integrated photonics. We provide an accelerator architecture that uses our designed components and perform design space exploration to select efficient architecture parameters. Compared to memristor crossbars, our residue matrix-vector multiplication unit has two orders of magnitude higher peak performance. Our experimental evaluation using DNN benchmarks illustrates that our architecture can perform more than 19 times faster than the state of the art GPUs under the same power budget. © 2020 ACM.
  •  
49.
  • Rems, Lea, et al. (författare)
  • The contribution of lipid peroxidation to membrane permeability in electropermeabilization : A molecular dynamics study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Bioelectrochemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1567-5394 .- 1878-562X. ; 125, s. 46-57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electroporation or electropermeabilization is a technique that enables transient increase in the cell membrane permeability by exposing cells to pulsed electric field. However, the molecular mechanisms of the long-lived cell membrane permeability, which persists on the minutes time scale after the pulse treatment, remain elusive. Experimental studies have suggested that lipid peroxidation could present a mechanism of this prolonged membrane permeabilization. In this study we make the first important step in quantifying the possible contribution of lipid peroxidation to electropermeabilization. We use free energy calculations to quantify the permeability and conductance of bilayers, containing an increasing percentage of hydroperoxide lipid derivatives, to sodium and chloride ions. We then compare our calculations to experimental measurements on electropermeabilized cells. Our results show that the permeability and conductance increase dramatically by several orders of magnitude in peroxidized bilayers. Yet this increase is not sufficient to reasonably account for the entire range of experimental measurements. Nevertheless, lipid peroxidation might be considered an important mechanism of prolonged membrane permeabilization, if exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses leads to secondary lipid peroxidation products. Our analysis calls for experimental studies, which will determine the type and amount of lipid peroxidation products in electropermeabilized cell membranes.
  •  
50.
  • Sayed, Mahmoud, et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced selective oxidation of trimethylolpropane to 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid using Corynebacterium sp. ATCC 21245
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-5113. ; 63, s. 1-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)butyric acid (BHMB) is an important multifunctional chemical for the emerging bio-based polymer industry. It can be produced from trimethylolpropane (TMP) by selective oxidation using growing cells of Corynebacterium sp. ATCC 21245. However, this process is limited by the low volumetric productivity and low concentration of the final product. In the present study, we performed sequential batch operation with cell recycling in media containing glycerol, acetic acid, and increasing concentrations of yeast extract. This approach enhanced the conversion of 10 and 15g/L TMP to 11.0 and 16.3g/L BHMB at rates of 0.50 and 0.20g/L.h, respectively. Applying a cell bleeding strategy resulted in an overall 10-fold improvement in productivity. The consequently prolonged biocatalyst viability resulted in a quantitative conversion of 20g/L TMP to 22.3g/L BHMB and a yield of 1.10gBHMB/gTMP (100% molar yield). This work facilitates further studies of the selective oxidation on other industrially important polyols.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 62
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (54)
bokkapitel (3)
konferensbidrag (2)
annan publikation (1)
forskningsöversikt (1)
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (58)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (3)
Författare/redaktör
Ahmed, H. (5)
King, S. (5)
Ademuyiwa, A (5)
Arnaud, AP (5)
Tabiri, S (5)
Scalabre, A (5)
visa fler...
Kumar, S (4)
Lopez, M. (4)
Mohan, M. (4)
Abdelkader, M. (4)
Roy, S (4)
O'Neill, S (4)
Ali, A. (4)
Sallinen, V (4)
Rezaei, Nima (4)
Hariz, Marwan I. (4)
Koyanagi, Ai (4)
Dishisha, Tarek (4)
Coccolini, F (4)
Ansaloni, L (4)
Modolo, MM (4)
Pata, F (4)
Khatri, C (4)
Di Saverio, S (4)
Agarwal, A (4)
Alakaloko, F (4)
Drake, TM (4)
Harrison, EM (4)
Roslani, AC (4)
Shu, S (4)
Soreide, K (4)
Mihanovic, J (4)
Mohammed, MM (4)
Saad, MM (4)
Sakr, A (4)
Ballouhey, Q (4)
Ahmed, A (4)
Bondurri, A (4)
Maffioli, A (4)
Bradulskis, S (4)
Olori, S (4)
Bhangu, A (4)
Gash, K (4)
Schmitt, F. (4)
Jones, C (4)
Paludi, MA (4)
Benevento, A (4)
Müller, C. (4)
Ismail, M (4)
Reda, A (4)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Uppsala universitet (15)
Karolinska Institutet (15)
Stockholms universitet (14)
Lunds universitet (12)
Umeå universitet (10)
Linköpings universitet (5)
visa fler...
Göteborgs universitet (3)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (2)
Mälardalens universitet (2)
Örebro universitet (2)
Luleå tekniska universitet (1)
Högskolan i Halmstad (1)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (1)
Linnéuniversitetet (1)
Högskolan Dalarna (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (62)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (27)
Naturvetenskap (26)
Teknik (9)
Lantbruksvetenskap (2)
Samhällsvetenskap (2)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy