| 1. |
- Gotfredsen, Klaus, et al.
(author)
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Implants and/or teeth: consensus statements and recommendations.
- 2008
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In: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 35:Suppl 1, s. 2-8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In August 23-25, 2007, the Scandinavian Society for Prosthetic Dentistry in collaboration with the Danish Society of Oral Implantology arranged a consensus conference on the topic 'Implants and/or teeth'. It was preceded by a workshop in which eight focused questions were raised and answered in eight review articles using a systematic approach. Twenty-eight academicians and clinicians discussed the eight review papers with the purpose to reach consensus on questions relevant for the topic. At the conference the consensus statements were presented as well as lectures based on the review articles. In this article the methods used at the consensus workshop are briefly described followed by the statements with comments.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kjellberg, Heidrun, 1953, et al.
(author)
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Condylar height on panoramic radiographs. A methodologic study with a clinical application.
- 1994
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In: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357. ; 52:1, s. 43-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop and apply a reliable method of measuring the effects of condylar lesions quantitatively on panoramic radiographs. Three different types of machines were tested. Two dry skulls were exposed in six positions in each machine, and the relative size of the condyle in relation to ramus height was calculated. The results showed good validity for the reference points used. The head position did not contribute to the variation in the measurements, but the type of panoramic machine had some influence. It was concluded that the method may be applied when calculating condylar ratios, provided that the same panoramic machine is used. The relative height of the condyle in relation to ramus height was measured bilaterally in three groups of children, with either normal or postnormal occlusion or with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), to detect possible asymmetries and define differences in the relative condylar height. The JCA group had a significantly shorter relative condylar height, and asymmetries were commoner than in the other two groups.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Löfstrand Tideström, Britta, 1940-, et al.
(author)
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Breathing obstruction in relation to craniofacial and dental arch morphology in 4-year-old children
- 1999
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In: European Journal of Orthodontics. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 21:4, s. 323-332
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The prevalence of breathing obstruction was determined in a cohort of 4-year-old children. Craniofacial morphology was studied in obstructed children and compared with data from a control group of 4-year-old children with ideal occlusion. Dental arch morphology was compared in obstructed and non-obstructed children in the group. Parents of 95.5 per cent of the study base of 644 children answered a questionnaire concerning their child's nocturnal behaviour and related questions. The 48 children who, based on parental report, snored every night or stopped breathing when snoring (the 'snoring group'), showed a higher rate of disturbed sleep, mouth-breathing, and a history of throat infections as compared with the rest of the cohort. These children were examined by both an orthodontist and an otorhinolaryngologist and, when indicated, they were also monitored in a sleep laboratory. Twenty-eight of the children were diagnosed as having a breathing obstruction (4.3 per cent of the cohort) and six children (0.9 per cent) had sleep apnoea (mean apnoea-hypopnoea index of 17.3), using the same definition as that for adults. Cephalometric values among the obstructed children differed from those of a Swedish sample of the same age with ideal occlusion. Thy had a smaller cranial base angle and a lower ratio of posterior/anterior total face height. Small, but not significant differences were seen for NSL-ML and NL-ML. Compared with 48 asymptomatic children from the same cohort, the obstructed children had a narrower maxilla, a deeper palatal height, and a shorter lower dental arch. In addition, the prevalence of lateral crossbite was significantly higher among the obstructed children.
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| 6. |
- Odman, J, et al.
(author)
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Osseointegrated implants as orthodontic anchorage in the treatment of partially edentulous adult patients.
- 1994
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In: European journal of orthodontics. - 0141-5387. ; 16:3, s. 187-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In nine partially edentulous adult patients, mean age 47 years (range 17-64 years) 23 osseointegrated implants were used as orthodontic anchorage to perform the following types of orthodontic tooth movements: tipping, torquing, rotation, intrusion, extrusion, and those associated with bodily movements. The total orthodontic treatment period varied between 4 and 33 months (x = 17 months). Pre-operatively, at the start and end of orthodontic treatment, and at the annual controls, clinical as well as biometric and radiographic (panoramic, lateral cephalograms and periapical radiographs) recordings were performed. The osseointegrated anchorage units were used as reference points for measurements of two- and three-dimensional tooth movements with a co-ordinate machine. The 2-D tooth movements varied between 0.2 and 6.2 mm, whereas movements in the third dimension, extrusion and intrusion, ranged from 0.0 to 13.5 mm. The movement in space for the individual tooth was observed to be, as a mean, 3.9 mm (range 0.6-18.7 mm). However, the osseointegrated titanium implants (fixtures) used as orthodontic anchorage remained in position when orthodontically loaded for the various tooth movements. After completion of the orthodontic treatment the fixtures served as abutments for permanent prosthetic constructions.
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| 7. |
- Robertsson, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Aesthetic evaluation in subjects treated due to congenitally missing maxillary laterals. A comparison of perception in patients, parents and dentists
- 2010
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. ; 34, s. 177-186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The treatment of the congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor is a challenge to the dental profession. The demand for optimal orthodontic and prosthetic treatment is high because the condition has an impact on facial aesthetic. The aims of the present study were to determine how different outcome of treatment were perceived by professionals and laypeople and to identify situations that caused dissatisfaction or satisfaction after space closure or tooth replacement. A panel of four groups (patients with missing laterals, parents to these subjects, patients with other malocclusion and general dental practitioners) were included. Sixteen cases with uni- or bilateral missing maxillary lateral incisors, treated with space closure or with prosthetic replacements were presented photographically to the panel. The prosthetic replacements included resin-bonded bridges, porcelain bonded to gold bridges and implants. The panel was asked to rate the overall appearance of the mouth, to rank up to three disturbing features and to rank the most important treatment goals in case of treatment need. An obvious difference between the panel groups was found. The general practitioners were less critical than laypeople in rating the overall appearance. Amongst dentists the tooth colour, the tooth shape and asymmetry were the most disturbing factors whilst laypeople were disturbed by colour, spacing and tooth shape. Half of the dentists did not find any treatment need whilst the corresponding figure amongst laypeople was 19 per cent.When a treatment need was confirmed the most common treatment goals amongst dentists were to change the colour or the shape of the teeth. The laypeople wanted to change the colour, the space condition or the shape of the teeth. The study has shown that professionals and laypeople are of different opinion when rating treatment outcome in cases with missing maxillary laterals. Careful planning to achieve optimal aesthetics should be performed.
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| 8. |
- Rythén, Marianne, et al.
(author)
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Dento-alveolar characteristics in adolescents born extremely preterm
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 35:4, s. 475-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It has been shown that children born extremely preterm (EPT) often suffer from medical complications and growth restrictions in early childhood. Catchup growth diminishes these effects but the children are known to have lower weight, height, and head circumference as school children. Effects on enamel development have been shown. How this affects the dento-alveolar outcome during adolescence is not known. Forty EPT children with a gestational age (GA) of less than 29 weeks, at 12-16 years of age, and matched healthy controls born at term, with a GA of 37-43 weeks, were examined. Data from the clinical examination, dental casts, and bitewing radiographs were collected and compared. Malocclusion was noted, and dento-alveolar length, width, palatal height, and mesio-distal tooth width were measured. Medical diagnoses, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disturbances were noted at the time of the survey. The two groups were compared with an epidemiological normal reference material. The results showed no differences between the controls and reference material. Angle Class II was the most frequent malocclusion associated with morbidity, neurological, and neuropsychiatric disturbances, followed by deep bite and overjet. Three or more malocclusions were almost twice as common among the EPT children compared with the controls. Significantly smaller incisors, canines, and first molars were found. In summary, the EPT children, during adolescence, had medical aberrations as well as dento-alveolar effects opposed to the healthy children born at term. Dentists should be aware of this and treatment plans should be made in due time.
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| 9. |
- Sennerby, Lars, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Tissue reactions towards titanium implants inserted in growing jaws. A histological study in the pig.
- 1993
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In: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 0905-7161. ; 4:2, s. 65-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this investigation, the tissue reactions towards titanium implants inserted in growing jaws of pigs were studied by means of histology. At the age of 12 weeks, 5 test pigs each received 4 Brånemark System titanium implants (fixtures). The fixtures were inserted immediately after extraction of the mesial root of the second deciduous premolar (P2) and the deciduous canine (C) on one side of the mandible and the mesial root of the first deciduous premolar (P1) on the other side. The fourth implant was placed after extraction of the deciduous lateral incisor (L) on one side in the upper jaw. Furthermore, 1 pig in which no extractions or fixture installations were performed served as a control. All pigs were followed for 165 days with clinical, radiographic and biometric examinations, the results of which have been previously presented. In this study, 10-microns-thick ground sections were produced for histology after the jaws had been fixed by immersion in formalin and further processed and embedded in plastic resin. Six of the fixtures originally inserted were lost during the experimental period, and the remaining implants were found to be involved with mineralized bone to varying degrees. Regarding the fixture-to-teeth relationship, it was found that, in the premolar region of the lower jaw, the teeth were positioned superior to and buccally angulated in relation to the fixtures. In the upper jaw, the implants were positioned below the adjacent teeth but centrally in the alveolar process. Tooth germs adjacent to the fixture had a displaced eruption path, buccally or lingually to the fixture. If the bud developed in close contact with the fixture, a changed morphology of the germ could be observed.
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| 10. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
-
Agenesi av laterala incisiven i överkäken. Ortodontisk luckslutning eller implantat?
- 2009
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In: Aktuel Nordisk Odontologi 2009. - 0105-0141. ; 2009, s. 193-204
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dentofacial utveckling och växt är en komplicerad process med kontinuerliga förändringar från barn- och ungdomsperioden upp till det unga vuxna och även vuxna stadiet. I denna komplexa region skall vi ta ställning till det alternativ (ortodontisk luckslutning eller ersättning med implantat eller annan protetisk teknik) som är det mest lämpade för patienten med saknade överkäkslateraler och dennes krav på optimal estetik. En genomgång av litteraturen liksom klinisk erfarenhet visar att dessa alternativ har både för- och nackdelar. Vi behöver således fler prospektiva studier med långa uppföljningstider (5 – 10 år och gärna längre) för att erhålla bättre vägledning i detta val. Till dess får vi förlita oss till den kunskap vi idag har. Viktigt är dock att ett beslut fattas av ett team specialister, helst redan i barn- och ungdomsperioden, och att patienten informeras om varje moment i den totala behandlingen.
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| 11. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Damage to Tooth-Supporting Tissues in Orthodontics
- 2004
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In: Graber, T., Eliades, T. & Athanasiou, A. (eds). Risk management in orthodontics: experts guide to malpractice. - Chicago : Quintessence. - 0867154314
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 12. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Dentoalveolar development in subjects with normal occlusion. A longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.
- 2009
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In: European journal of orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2210 .- 0141-5387. ; 31:2, s. 109-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine dentoalveolar development in subjects with an 'ideal' (normal) occlusion. The material comprised 436 study casts of 189 male and 247 female subjects of Swedish origin between the ages of 5 and 31 years with no history of orthodontic treatment. Tooth width, and arch length, width, and depth, as well as palatal height were measured. The data were analysed with a Student's t-test. The results verified that continuous changes of the dental arches occur from the primary until the adult period, with individual variations. This change could be interpreted as a biological migration of the dentition, resulting in anterior crowding especially in the mandible, even in subjects with congenitally missing third molars. The occlusion should be regarded as a dynamic rather than a stable interrelationship between facial structures. This natural development has to be considered in orthodontic treatment planning as well as in assessment of stability following orthodontic treatment. A continuous increase of palatal height up to adulthood seems to be an effect of a slow continuous eruption of the teeth. This finding is also of significance in explaining the infraposition of implant-supported crowns.
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| 13. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Orthodontic aspects
- 2013
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In: A textbook of fixed prosthodontics: the Scandinavian approach. Editors: Nilner K, Karlsson S, Dahl B. - 9789172057968 ; , s. 111-127
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 14. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Orthodontic space closure versus implant placement in subjects with missing teeth
- 2008
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In: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 0305-182X .- 1365-2842. ; 35:Supplement 1, s. 64-71
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to give a systematic review of the alternatives orthodontic space closure and implant placement in young adults with missing teeth. A literary search was made in the MEDLINE (Pub Med) database from 1990 to 2007. Totally 146 articles were found. Only studies in the English language or other languages with an English abstract were accepted, which reduced the number to 91 articles. Among them, only 1 prospective and 3 retrospective articles, 2 review papers and 5 case reports with discussion were found. The others presented one or two cases, or focused on treatment planning of missing teeth in general. Consequently, they were excluded. Moreover, a manual search of bibliographies in relevant journals gave no additional information. Thus, only 11 relevant articles were accepted. This systematic review clearly will show, that both alternatives (space closure or implant placement) present advantages as well as disadvantages. Knowledge about tissue reaction of orthodontic space closure and dento-facial development (including continuous changes of the dentition and its supporting tissues) are significant factors in the choice of treatment. Thus, we need more research on basic level and clinical follow-up studies of large samples.
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| 15. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Ortodonti
- 2014
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In: Ämneshistorisk dokumentation vid Göteborgs universitet. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789198142815 ; , s. 29-32
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 16. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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[Osseointegrated implants in adolescents. A three year study]
- 1995
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In: Nederlands tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde. - 0028-2200. ; 102:10, s. 383-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 15 adolescents (age 13.2 to 19.4 years) in the late dental stage implants (n = 27) were chosen to replace missing teeth due to congenital absence or trauma. The patients were followed for at least 3 years. No fixture losses occurred. Only minor loss of bone support at the fixture was observed, while adjacent tooth surfaces showed some loss. Infra-occlusion of the implant restorations was noticed in patients with residual craniofacial growth. Thus, the dental and skeletal maturation, and not the chronological age, must be taken into account to avoid infra-occlusion. Furthermore it is important to gain enough space for the fixture in the mesio-distal direction in order to avoid the risk of marginal bone loss at teeth adjacent to the implants.
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| 17. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Osseointegrated implants in adolescents. An alternative in replacing missing teeth?
- 1994
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In: European journal of orthodontics. - 0141-5387. ; 16:2, s. 84-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 15 adolescents (13 years 2 months-19 years 4 months) in the late dental stage, Brånemark implants (n = 27) were chosen to replace missing teeth due to congenital absence or trauma. The patients were followed for at least 3 years, at yearly intervals, biometrically and radiographically. No fixture losses occurred. Only minor loss of bone support at the fixtures was observed, while adjacent tooth surfaces showed some loss in some cases. Infra-occlusion of the implant restorations was noticed in patients with residual craniofacial growth. Thus, the dental and skeletal maturation, and not the chronological age of the patient, must be taken into consideration to avoid infra-occlusion of the fixture crown. Furthermore, it is important to gain enough space for the fixture in the mesio-distal direction, to avoid the risk of marginal bone loss at teeth that are adjacent to it.
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| 18. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Posterior crossbite and temporomandibulardisorders (TMDs): need for orthodontic treatment?
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 34:6, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to update the bibliography as regards concept of 'TMD' and 'posterior crossbite', and try to find out if there is any association between some special signs / symptoms of TMD and type of posterior crossbite. Literature search from 1970 to 2009, due to specified criterion, resulted in 14 publications, which were found relevant for the present systematic review. An association between TMD and posterior crossbite (Yes-group) was reported as often as absence of such a relationship (No-group). The samples in the two groups showed similarities as well as differences with respect to number, gender and age. Most articles reported only on 'presence' or 'absence' of crossbite, and only few on type of crossbite opposite to a thorough account of clinical signs and symptoms of TMD. This review seems, however, to state that a functional posterior crossbite (mandibular guidance with midline deviation) is associated with headache, TMJ- and muscular pain, and clicking. As evident from the discussion, such type needs orthodontic treatment to rehabilitate (1) the asymmetric muscular activity between the crossbite- and non-crossbite sides, and (2) the changed condyle / temporal relationship caused by mandibular deviation. Whether this treatment also will avoid future TMD- problems can be answered only after clinical follow-up studies have been performed.
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| 19. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Reply
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 35:5, s. 714-714
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 20. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Roentgen-cephalometric standards for a Swedish population. A longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.
- 2005
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In: European journal of orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 27, s. 370-389
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study was performed to establish age- and gender-specific cephalometric normative data for a Swedish population. The material comprised 469 lateral cephalograms from two groups of subjects of Swedish origin between 5 and 31 years of age. All subjects (males and females) were diagnosed as 'normal' according to specified criteria and with no history of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms and body height measurements were taken at 5, 7, 10 and 13 years of age in one group (group E) (longitudinal follow-up). The same registrations were made in the other group (group U) at 7, 10 and13 years of age (mixed longitudinal type). Those 13 year olds were re-examined at 16, 19 and 31 years of age (longitudinal follow-up). No significant differences between age groups in the two samples were found. Therefore, subjects of the same age were combined. The study is hence regarded as a longitudinal follow-up from 5 to 31 years of age. The subjects were also grouped into dental development stages to widen the applicability of the cephalometric data.The craniofacial distances were constantly larger in males than in females, while no statistical differences as regards angular measurements were seen between genders. Distances as well as angular measurements varied with the different developmental periods. The results clearly verify that facial pattern changes existed during the observation period, with a growth acceleration of most distances between the 13 and 16 year recordings.
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| 21. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Single implants in the upper incisor region and their relationship to the adjacent teeth. An 8-year follow-up study.
- 1999
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In: Clinical oral implants research. - 0905-7161. ; 10:5, s. 346-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to find out if implant-supported crowns in the upper incisor region run the risk of coming into an infraoccluded position later in life. Ten adolescents with 15 implant-supported crowns were included in the study. The age of the patients at the implant surgery ranged between 14 and 19 years. They were followed up during an 8-year period. No implant loss was observed. A good or acceptable aesthetic appearance at the last observation was found in most subjects. In some of them a change in the vertical position of the implant-supported crown, resulting in infraocclusion, could be registered, especially in subjects with no incisor contact. Throughout the follow-up period, only minor loss of marginal bone support was observed at the implants. At the teeth adjacent to the implant, a reduction of the marginal bone level was observed in some patients. Of importance to consider in single implant therapy is that a fixed chronological age is no guidance for implant placement, due to a slight continuous eruption of the adjacent teeth post adolescence. An orthodontic treatment should be performed not only in order to gain space in the implant area, but also to attain good incisor stability to reduce the risk of infraocclusion of the implant-supported crown. Furthermore, 3 cases will exemplify that infraocclusion also may occur in patients who had received single implants at adult ages.
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| 22. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Temporo-Mandibular Dysfunction and Malocclusion:is There Any Association?
- 2006
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In: Rev Int Ortop Func. ; 2:9/10, s. 713-743
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Different opinions have been presented about associations between TMD and Malocclusion. The aim of the present review was first of all to analyze the concepts of TMD and occlusion/malocclusion, and then to discuss any association between them. The reported prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD and incidence of malocclusion vary greatly, due to variations in number and age of the subjects and diagnostic critera. Another problem is the difficulty in defining symptoms and signs qualitatively (mild, moderate, severe). Occlusion as well as malocclusion is changing during the years of growth and development, and functional aspects of occlusion neither are consistent. Thus, registrations of TMD and malocclusion have to fulfill special criteria in studies with the aim to investigate any association between them. The present critical review will indicate that significant association exist between moderate / severe signs of TMD and unilateral functional crossbite, anterior open bite, large maxillary overjet (>6mm), and Angle Class III cases. Indication for orthodontic treatment of these anomalies is a question left open for a future paper.
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| 23. |
- Thilander, Birgit, et al.
(author)
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Tissue Reactions in Orthodontics
- 2005
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In: Graber, T. [et al.] (eds). Orthodontics : current principles and techniques. - St. Louis, Mo. : Mosby. - 0323026214 ; , s. 145-219
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 24. |
- Thilander, Birgit
(author)
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Tissue reactions in orthodontics
- 2011
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In: Orthodontics. Current principles and techniques. 5th ed. Graber L, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL. ; :Chapter 9, s. 247-286
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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