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| 4. |
- Allen, K. D., et al.
(author)
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Osteoarthritis: Models for appropriate care across the disease continuum
- 2016
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In: Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6942. ; 30:3, s. 503-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. Despite the existence of evidence-based treatments and guidelines, substantial gaps remain in the quality of OA management. There is underutilization of behavioral and rehabilitative strategies to prevent and treat OA as well as a lack of processes to tailor treatment selection according to patient characteristics and preferences. There are emerging efforts in multiple countries to implement models of OA care, particularly focused on improving nonsurgical management. Although these programs vary in content and setting, key lessons learned include the importance of support from all stakeholders, consistent program delivery and tools, a coherent team to run the program, and a defined plan for outcome assessment. Efforts are still needed to develop, deliver, and evaluate models of care across the spectrum of OA, from prevention through end-stage disease, in order to improve care for this highly prevalent global condition. © 2016
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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"It's like a puzzle" : Pregnant women's perceptions of professional support in midwifery care
- 2016
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In: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 29:6, s. e110-e118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ProblemPregnant women are not always satisfied with the professional support they receive during their midwifery care. More knowledge is needed to understand what professional support pregnant women need for childbirth and parenting.BackgroundChildbearing and the transition to becoming a parent is a sensitive period in one's life during which one should have the opportunity to receive professional support. Professional support does not always correspond to pregnant women's needs. To understand pregnant women's needs for professional support within midwifery care, it is crucial to further illuminate women's experiences of this support.AimTo explore pregnant women's perceptions of professional support in midwifery care.MethodsA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Fifteen women were interviewed during gestational weeks 36–38. Data was analysed using phenomenography.FindingsThe women perceived professional support in midwifery care to be reassuring and emotional, to consist of reliable information, and to be mediated with pedagogical creativity. The professional support facilitated new social contacts, partner involvement and contributed to mental preparedness. The findings of the study were presented in six categories and the category Professional support contributes to mental preparedness was influenced by the five other categories.ConclusionPregnant women prepare for childbirth and parenting by using several different types of professional support in midwifery care: a strategy that could be described as piecing together a puzzle. When the women put the puzzle together, each type of professional support works as a valuable piece in the whole puzzle. Through this, professional support could contribute to women's mental preparedness for childbirth and parenting.
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| 8. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden in 1973, 1983, and 1993 : II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings
- 1995
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:6, s. 243-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this epidemiological study was to analyse various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of two cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983. In 1973, 1983, and 1993 a random sample of 1000, 1104, and 1078 individuals, respectively were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. In 1983 and 1993 80-year-olds were also included. All subjects were inhabitants of the community of Jönköping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, endodontic treatment, and periapical status. The number of edentulous individuals was reduced by half from 1973 to 1993 and is now 8% in the age groups 40-70 years. The mean number of teeth has increased and up to the age of 50 years the individuals had more or less complete dentitions. During the 20-year period there was generally decreasing number of carious lesions and restorations. In the 15- and 20-year-olds, however, there was an increasing number of decayed/filled tooth surfaces in 1993 compared to 1983. Furthermore, after the age of 50 there was an increase in number of restored tooth surfaces. As regards secondary caries there was an increase for the 10- and 15-year-olds between 1983 and 1993. For all other age groups there were only minor differences. Generally restorations exhibited a high quality and 85-90% had no proximal overhangs. In 1973 this figure was about 60%. Concerning the frequency of tooth surfaces exhibiting plaque and gingival inflammation there was a considerable decrease from 1973 to 1983, but during the period from 1983 to 1993 there seems to be no improvement. In some age groups there was even a significant increase in plaque (15-year-olds) and gingivitis (3-, 5-, 15-, 20-, and 60-year-olds). The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (> 4 mm) increased with age. In 1993 the bone level at the age of 40 years corresponded to the bone level at the age of 20 years in 1973. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth was lower in 1993 in all age groups than in 1973 and 1983. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth with periapical or juxtaradicular destructions was unchanged in all three studies. The comparison of the three studies from 1973, 1983, and 1993 shows that there has been a great improvement in oral health over this 20-year period. In 1993, however, the increasing number of decayed/filled tooth surfaces in the 15- and 20-year-olds and an increase in plaque and gingivitis in some younger age groups calls for special attention.
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| 9. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden in 1973, 1983, and 1993 : I. Review of findings on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health
- 1995
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:6, s. 225-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare data on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in three cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973, 1983, and 1993. The 1973 study constituted a random sample of 1000 individuals evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The same age groups with addition of a group of 80-year-olds were included in the 1983 and 1993 studies which comprised 1104 and 1078 individuals, respectively. A questionnaire (23-101 questions) about dental care habits and knowledge of oral health was used in connection with a clinical and radiographic examination. The same questions were used in all the three studies. An addition to the 1993 investigation was questions concerning ethnographic background. In 1993 approximately 95% of all individuals were visiting the dentist on a regular basis every or every second year. The 30-year-olds, however, did not visit a dentist as regularly in 1993 as in 1983. The 70- and 80-year-olds visited a dentist more regularly in 1993 than in 1983. An increased number of adults in all age groups, except for the 70-year-olds, received their dental care in the Public Dental Service in 1993 compared to 1983 and 1973. Most 40-year-olds and older, however, received their dental care by private practitioners. About 80% of all adults in 1993 were enrolled in a recall system on the dentist's initiative while in 1973 most appointments were based on the patient's own initiative. The number of individuals who felt discomfort at the prospect of an appointment with the dentist was more or less the same in 1973, 1983, and 1993. The knowledge of the etiology of dental diseases has not changed much between 1973 and 1993. The frequency of toothbrushing has increased since 1973 and in 1993 more than 95% of all individuals brushed their teeth daily. The use of dental floss and toothpicks as well as disclosing tablets decreased in 1993 compared to 1983. Almost all individuals in 1993 used fluoride toothpaste. The use of topical fluorides and fluoride tablets in children had decreased considerably in 1993 compared to 1983.
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| 13. |
- Nolan, Lee, et al.
(author)
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Age and gender differences in postural control
- 2004
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In: XVth Congress of the International society of electrophysiology & kinesiology, ISEK 2004. - Roma : Medimond international proceedings. - 9788875870553
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 14. |
- Pensierosoa, S, et al.
(author)
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Timing of HAART defines the integrity of memory B cells and the longevity of humoral responses in HIV-1 vertically-infected children
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 106:19, s. 7939-7944
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HIV-1 infection induces a progressive disruption of the B cell compartment impairing long-term immune responses to routine immunizations. Depletion of specific memory B cell pools occurs during the 1st stages of the infection and cannot be reestablished by antiretroviral treatment. We reasoned that an early control of viral replication through treatment could preserve the normal development of the memory B cell compartment and responses to routine childhood vaccines. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of different highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) schedules in 70 HIV-1 vertically-infected pediatric subjects by B cell phenotypic analyses, antigen-specific B cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and ELISA for common vaccination and HIV-1 antigens. Initiation of HAART within the 1st year of life permits the normal development and maintenance of the memory B cell compartment. On the contrary, memory B cells from patients treated later in time are remarkably reduced and their function is compromised regardless of viral control. A cause for concern is that both late-treated HIV-1 controllers and noncontrollers loose protective antibody titers against common vaccination antigens. Timing of HAART initiation is the major factor predicting the longevity of B cell responses in vaccinated HIV-1-infected children.
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| 17. |
- Thorstensson, Carina A., et al.
(author)
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Eight weeks of exercise reduced knee adduction moment during one-leg rise in patients with early knee osteoarthritis
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundReduced functional performance is a risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis, and peak knee adduction moment is associated with radiographic progression. Knee adduction moment can be reduced by high tibial osteotomy. The effect of dynamic stabilization through increased muscle performance is not known.AimsTo study the effect from exercise on external peak knee adduction moment during one-leg rise, and the relationship between peak knee adduction moment during one-leg rise and maximum number of one-leg rise.Methods13 patients, aged 48–63, with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis underwent 8 weeks of supervised exercise, aiming at increasing neuromuscular control and lower extremity strength. The maximum number of one-leg rise from a stool (48 cm), 3-dimensional gait analysis and self-estimated knee symptoms were assessed before and after exercise intervention. Peak external knee adduction moment during one-leg rise and gait was calculated using a Vicon system. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used as assessment of knee symptoms. Patients defined their most symptomatic knee as index knee.ResultsPeak knee adduction moment during one-leg rise was reduced for the index knee from 0.57 Nm/kg at baseline to 0.51 after 8 weeks of exercise (p=0.04). The change for the opposite knee was not significant (from 0.58 to 0.56 Nm/kg, p=0.23). No significant changes were seen for index or opposite knees in peak adduction moment during gait (p>0.40). A higher maximum number of one-leg rise was correlated to a lower peak adduction moment for the index knee at baseline (rs =-0.35, p=0.24) and follow up (rs = -0.65, p=0.03). For the opposite knee the correlation was similar at baseline (rs= -0.47, p=0.10), and no correlation was seen at follow up (rs = 0.13, p=0.70). Correlations for change over time were poor (-0.43 to -0.03) and not significant (p>0.20). Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis had higher peak adduction moment in their opposite knee, than patients without symptoms at baseline (0.72 (0.09) vs. 0.50 (0.11), p=0.01) and follow-up (0.66 (0.14) vs. 0.51 (0.07), p=0.04). The differences for the index knee pointed in the same direction, however not significant (p>0.28).ConclusionPeak knee adduction moment in the most symptomatic knee of middle-aged patients with early signs of knee osteoarthritis can be reduced by exercise. Improved muscular performance might reduce the risk of radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis. It seem of importance to reduce pain prior to starting exercising. A lower maximum number of one-leg rise is associated with higher peak knee adduction moment and has the potential to serve as a surrogate in studies where 3-dimensional analysis is not feasible.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Aasa, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Vowel quantity in West Swedish - the villain of the piece?
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of the Swedish Phonetics Conference FONETIK 2000.. ; , s. 17-20
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper consists of two, somewhat disparate parts. In the first part, some experiences of two years of fieldwork are summarized, concentrating, as the subtitle suggests, on the very heart of phonetic fieldwork: the encounters and interviews with the informants. As a result of the fieldwork, the project now has access to recordings from approximately 1300 speakers of more than 100 dialects of Swedish. We are currently initiating research on various aspects of the sound patterns of these dialects. The second part of the paper is meant to give an overview of some of our research plans for the near future.
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| 20. |
- Ahmed, R K S, et al.
(author)
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Antigen-specific beta-chemokine production and CD8(+) T-cell noncytotoxic antiviral activity in HIV-2-infected individuals
- 2005
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 61:1, s. 63-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2) is less pathogenic than HIV-1, and the disease progression in HIV-2-infected individuals seems to be similar to that seen in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. Cell-mediated immune responses and the production of noncytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell antiviral factors (CAF) and beta-chemokines have been correlated to protection against HIV-1 and associated with asymptomatic infection and slower disease progression. We investigated the antigen-induced beta-chemokine production in HIV-2-infected patients living in Sweden and in Guinea-Bissau. We also compared in vitro CD8(+) T-cell-mediated noncytotoxic antiviral activity against beta-chemokine-sensitive R5 virus (HIV-1(Bal)) and beta-chemokine-insensitive X4 virus (HIV-1(IIIB)) in HIV-2-infected patients with that in HIV-1-infected patients. HIV-2-specific beta-chemokine production was demonstrated in a majority of the HIV-2-infected subjects. CD8(+) T cells of both HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected individuals suppressed R5 virus replication in vitro in a similar manner, while the inhibition of X4 virus replication seemed to be more frequent and of a higher magnitude among HIV-2-infected patients compared to HIV-1-infected subjects. Taken together, our results indicate that the production of CD8(+) T-cell noncytotoxic antiviral factors may contribute to the low transmission of the virus and slower disease progression in HIV-2-infected patients.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(author)
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Abdominal and hip flexor muscle activation during various training exercises.
- 1997
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025 .- 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 75:2, s. 115-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether 38 different static and dynamic training exercises trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(author)
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Diverging intramuscular activity patterns in back and abdominal muscles during trunk rotation.
- 2002
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In: Spine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1528-1159 .- 0362-2436. ; 27:6, s. E152-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: An intramuscular electromyographic study was performed on trunk rotations during sitting and standing. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to provide new information on activation levels for deep trunk muscles in various unresisted and resisted trunk rotations. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: Frequent daily trunk twisting and decreased maximal strength during trunk rotation have been associated with low back pain or sciatic pain. However, the involvement of deep trunk muscles during different trunk rotations is relatively unknown. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated. Fine-wire electrodes were inserted, under ultrasound guidance, into psoas, quadratus lumborum, the superficial medial lumbar erector spinae (ES-s, multifidus) and its deep lateral portion (ES-d, iliocostalis), iliacus, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, and obliquus internus. RESULTS: The highest involvement for all muscles was observed on the ipsilateral side, in maximal trunk twists with shoulder resistance, except obliquus externus, which showed a dominant contralateral side, and rectus abdominis, which was little activated in all rotations. In contrast, maximal trunk twist without shoulder resistance, i.e., freely performed, resulted generally in lower levels for all muscles involved and in a shift of side dominance for the lumbar muscles quadratus lumborum, psoas, and ES-s. CONCLUSIONS: During trunk rotations the activity patterns for various trunk muscles could drastically change, and even be the opposite, between the two body sides, within the same type of task, depending on several factors such as initial position, effort level, sitting or standing, and external shoulder resistance.
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| 23. |
- Andersson, Eva A
(author)
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EMG and strength in trunk and hip muscles
- 1997
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to study the myouelectric activity of all major muscles involved in the movements and stabilization of the trunk, pelvis and hips during training exercises, postures, motor tasks, maximal strength performance and locomotion. By use of ultra-sound, EMG electrodes could be guided safely and accurately into muscles situated even close to the spinal column, such as psoas, quadratus lumborum and deep parts of erector spinae. A task specific variation in activation levels were seen between muscle synergies, as well as between individual muscles within a synergy. Selective engagement of the abdominal muscles could be achieved in trunk flexion sit-ups, that is lifting only the upper trunk from the floor. An even higher activation of abdominal muscles was needed for static stabilization of the trunk and pelvis during hip flexion sit-ups, whereas single leg lifts were performed without involvement of the abdominal muscles. A selective activation of either the iliacus or psoas muscle was observed, for example in certain types of training exercises and in walking and running. Applying bending moments to the spine, resulted in a grading of the muscle activation response according to mechanical advantage, that is highest in the quadratus lumborum in lateral loading and in the superficial erector spinae in ventral loading. An exception was the most forward flexed position in standing where the superficial erector spinae "relaxed" but quadratus lumborum remained active. In general, the level of EMG in maximal efforts was maintained at the same high level irrespective of position in the range of motion, despite a marked variation in strength output. This position-dependency, as well as the strength values as such, varied in a specific way in groups of athletes, related to previous background. These data contribute to the understanding of muscle function and motor control of the trunk , pelvis and hips. They are also of relevance when evaluating and designing tests and training programs in rehabilitation and sport contexts as well as for improving biomechanical models of spinal loading.
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(author)
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Intramuscular EMG from the hip flexor muscles during human locomotion.
- 1997
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In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 161:3, s. 361-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate the activation pattern of five major hip flexor muscles and its adaptation to changing speed and mode of progression. A total of 11 healthy subjects performed walking and running on a motor-driven treadmill at speeds ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 m s-1. Intramuscular fine-wire electrodes were used to record myoelectric signals from the iliacus, psoas, sartorius, rectus femoris and tensor fascia latae muscles. The basic pattern, with respect to number of activation periods, remained the same irrespective of speed and mode of progression. However, differences in the relative duration and timing of onset of activation occurred between individual muscles. Over the speed range in walking, a progressively earlier onset was generally seen for the activation period related to hip flexion. Changes in EMG amplitude were measured in the iliacus and psoas muscles and showed a marked increase and difference between walking and running at speeds above 2.0 m s-1. Thus, the alternating flexion-extension movements at the hip during locomotion appear to be governed by a rather fixed 'neural program' which normally only needs minor modulations to accomplish the adjustments accompanying an increase in speed of progression as well as a change from walking to running.
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Eva A, et al.
(author)
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Relative EMG levels in training exercises for abdominal and hip flexor muscles.
- 1998
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5505 .- 1940-2228. ; 30:3, s. 175-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main purpose of our study was to compare systematically EMG levels in sub-maximal training exercises for the trunk and hip flexor muscles with those voluntarily attainable in corresponding situations. Six healthy subjects performed three types of standardized training exercises, whose static positions, movement velocity and range of motion were reproduced during maximal voluntary isokinetic strength tests. EMG was recorded with wire electrodes from the iliacus muscle and with surface electrodes from the rectus femoris, sartorius, rectus abdominis, obliquus externus and internus muscles. The relative EMG values demonstrated a task dependency which could differ between individual muscles. The maximal voluntary activation levels were relatively constant across conditions. Exceptions were present, particularly for the rectus femoris and iliacus muscles. These findings highlight the consequences of using different methods of normalizing EMG. The relative EMG values presented may serve as guidelines when selecting training exercises for specific trunk and hip flexor muscles in sports and rehabilitation.
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| 31. |
- Biberfeld, G, et al.
(author)
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Enzyme immunoassays for the demonstration of antibodies to HIV-2SBL-6669 and HTLV-IV (SIVmac).
- 1988
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In: AIDS. - 0269-9370 .- 1473-5571. ; 2:3, s. 195-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed for the demonstration of antibodies to HIV-2 using disrupted virions of the SBL-6669 isolate of HIV-2 and the so-called human T-lymphotropic virus type IV (HTLV-IV), recently found to be identical with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac), as antigens. Three hundred sera from West African subjects, attending an outward clinic in Bissau for examination of suspected tuberculosis, were tested by these two assays as well as by a commercially available anti-HIV-2 ELISA (ELAVIA II). Fifty of these sera were positive in all three ELISAs as well as in Western blot tests against HTLV-IV. Thirty-eight of these positive sera were also tested by an anti-HIV-2 Western blot kit (LAV-Blot II) with positive results. The ELISAs based on SBL-6669 and HTLV-IV antigens had a specificity of 99.6% (one false positive among 250 negative sera) whereas the specificity of ELAVIA II was 94.6% using the recommended cut-off value and 98.4% using a higher cut-off value. Another 58 sera from West African patients, clinically suspected of having AIDS or HIV-related disease, were tested for HIV-2/HTLV-IV antibodies by Western blot and by ELISA against SBL-6669 and HTLV-IV antigens; all of the 30 sera which were positive by Western blot were found to be positive in both ELISAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 32. |
- Bjerkefors, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Shoulder muscle strength in paraplegics before and after kayak ergometer training
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 97:5, s. 613-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose was to investigate if shoulder muscle strength in post-rehabilitated persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) was affected by kayak ergometer training and to compare shoulder strength in persons with SCI and able-bodied persons. Ten persons with SCI (7 males and 3 females, injury levels T3-T12) performed 60 min kayak ergometer training three times a week for 10 weeks with progressively increased intensity. Maximal voluntary concentric contractions were performed during six shoulder movements: flexion and extension (range of motion 65 degrees ), abduction and adduction (65 degrees ), and external and internal rotation (60 degrees ), with an angular velocity of 30 degrees s(-1). Position specific strength was assessed at three shoulder angles (at the beginning, middle and end of the range of motion) in the respective movements. Test-retests were performed for all measurements before the training and the mean intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.941 (95% CI 0.928-0.954). There was a main effect of kayak ergometer training with increased shoulder muscle strength after training in persons with SCI. The improvements were independent of shoulder movement, and occurred in the beginning and middle positions. A tendency towards lower shoulder muscle strength was observed in the SCI group compared to a matched reference group of able-bodied persons. Thus, it appears that post-rehabilitated persons with SCI have not managed to fully regain/maintain their shoulder muscle strength on a similar level as that of able-bodied persons, and are able to improve their shoulder muscle strength after a period of kayak ergometer training.
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| 33. |
- Bonnard, M, et al.
(author)
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Different strategies to compensate for the effects of fatigue revealed by neuromuscular adaptation processes in humans.
- 1994
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In: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 166:1, s. 101-5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An initially submaximal hopping task was maintained with the same global power output until it became the maximal performance; since there was no decrease in performance, any change in behavior occurring with fatigue characterizes the strategies allowing to compensate for the effects of fatigue. In a prolonged hopping task, fatigue is likely to be most prominent in the ankle extensor muscles since they are the main contributors to vertical propulsion in the hop. With fatigue, all subjects landed with more flexed knees and with an increased activity in the biarticular rectus femoris muscle indicating some compensation between the knee and ankle joint. Furthermore, two different strategies appeared to further compensate for the important fatigue of the ankle extensor muscles: one was organized across joints and consisted in a heavier reliance of the knee extensor vastus lateralis, and the other was organized within the fatigued joint and consisted in an earlier preactivation of the gastrocnemius. As a consequence, two different adaptations of the ground reaction force profiles appeared at the end of the session; each being related to one of these two strategies.
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| 34. |
- Brorsson, S., 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Two different sets of handexercises improved grip strength after after eight weeks in patients with arthritis
- 2014
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Books. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 73:Suppl. 2, s. 1210-1210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Hand function measured as grip force and finger extension force is often impaired in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hand osteoarthritis (HOA) affecting performance of daily activities why hand exercises are recommended. A number of hand exercises are often used in the clinic but there is little information about “the effects of a minimal set of hand exercises” and if the choice of exercises is important to improve strength and function in the hand.Objectives To study the effect on grip- and finger extension strength and patient reported hand function from two different sets of handexercises performed over 8 weeks using a randomized study design.Methods Female patients with arthritis (RA and HOA, n=121) were randomly assigned to two different sets of handexercises (HE) for 8 weeks. The four hand exercises applied in the program were exercises commonly used in traditional hand training programs. The exercises were split into two groups depending on if the muscle activation (measured with EMG) were greater in forearm flexor (HE I, n=62) or in extensor muscles (HE II, n=59) (REF). HE I: isolated finger opposition (digits II-V) and rolling the putty with a flat hand, HE II: squeezing the putty and finger extension with putty resistance. The two HE were performed daily and each set was repeated 15 times, training time per day was maximum 5 minutes 7 days/week.Grip strength was measured with Grippit and finger extension strength with EX-it both validated instruments (unit: N). Pain was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 0-10 (best to worst). Hand functions were evaluated with the patient reported questionnaire Quick Disability Arm Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), 0-100 (best to worst).Results Mean grip strength (p=0.01) and mean finger extension force (p=0.004) increased after the training period in the group using HE I. In HE II the mean finger extension force increased (p=0.044), table 1. Hand function was stable over the training period.Table 1.Descriptive data of finger extension (EXIT) force and grip strength in the right hand, hand function (QuickDASH) and VAS pain presented as mean ± SD (min–max)Conclusions Five daily minutes with two hand exercises resulted increased grip strength and finger extension force after eight weeks. We suggest that hand exercises should be combined and selected to improve both flexor and extensor muscle strength of the forearm.
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| 36. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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Expecting parents’ use of digital sources in preparation for parenthood in a digitalised society – a systematic review
- 2022
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In: Digital Health. - : Sage Publications. - 2055-2076. ; 8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundIn today's society, people are experiencing the rapid development of digitalisation. Expecting parents may have difficulties evaluating the information online; they are not always sure which sources of information are trustworthy, and this exacerbates their feelings of anxiety. More research is needed to broaden the knowledge about how their use of digital sources may influence their health.QuestionThe focus of this study was to explore expecting parents’ use of digital sources and how this influences their health during pregnancy.MethodsA systematic review covered the thematic analysis of 39 articles.FindingsThe analysis resulted in the following theme: The digitalised society involves both opportunities and challenges, and expecting parents express a need for a variety of digital sources to improve their health, and sub-themes: Digital sources could promote parents’ health and well-being in a digitalised society; Consuming digital health information facilitates understanding, different feelings and social connections; and A variety of digital sources may facilitate parental identification and adaption to parenthood.ConclusionDifferent digital sources in our digitalised society mean access to information and opportunities to extend social connections for expecting parents. This can promote their ability to understand and adapt to parenthood, as well as to improve their health and well-being and make the parental transition. However, professional support during face-to-face consultations cannot always be exchanged to digital sources. It is important to base digital sources devoted to expecting parents and digitalisation overall on multi-sectorial collaborations and coordination between different organisations and the digital sources they provide.
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| 37. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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How partners of pregnant women use their social networks when preparing for childbirth and parenthood : A qualitative study
- 2020
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In: Nordic journal of nursing research. - : Sage Publications. - 2057-1585 .- 2057-1593. ; 41:1, s. 25-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social contextual circumstances have an influence on parental transition, and social support has been shown to facilitate the transition to parenthood, among other states. Further knowledge is, however, needed to explore how partners of pregnant women use their social networks during pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how partners of pregnant women use their social networks when preparing for childbirth and parenting. Within this study, a social network is defined as social connections such as family, friends and significant others. In total, 14 partners (expectant fathers and co-mothers) were interviewed. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. EQUATOR Network guidelines and the COREQ checklist were applied. The analysis resulted in one theme of meaning: Partners use their social networks to receive social support, which facilitates understanding about how to prepare for childbirth and parenthood, which was described through three sub-themes. The results highlight the importance of social networks for partners when preparing for childbirth and parenthood. Professionals should aim to strengthen and extend partners’ social networks and access to social support. This could be done not only to support partners to attend parental classes, but also to participate socially as well as engage with other expectant parents within the classes.
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| 38. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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Kvalitet i parrelation hos förstagångsmammor och partners i relation till graviditet och de första sex månaderna av föräldraskap
- 2021
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bakgrund:Att genomgå föräldratransition och bli förälder har beskrivits som en av de mest omfattande livsförändringarna i en människas liv. Föräldratransition medför nya relationer inom föräldrarnas sociala nätverk. För föräldrarna bildas nya roller i parrelationen eftersom de går från att endast vara partners till att även vara föräldrar tillsammans. Denna livsförändring kan medföra en försämring i den uppfattade kvaliteten i parrelationen. Föräldrarnas tillgång till socialt stöd och deras känsla av sammanhang kan ha inverkan på deras förmåga att uppfatta kvalitet i parrelationen. Syfte:Att utforska faktorer associerade med kvalitet i parrelation hos förstagångsmammor och partners i relation till graviditet och de första sex månaderna av föräldraskap. Metod:En prospektiv longitudinell kohortstudie med enkätundersökningar vid: graviditetsvecka 25; första veckan och sex månader efter förlossning. Förändringar i uppfattad kvalitet i parrelation (QDR36), känsla av sammanhang (SOC-13) samt socialt stöd (MSPSS) utforskades. Multipla linjära regressioner genomfördes för att utforska faktorer associerade med kvalitet i parrelation. Resultat:Totalt ingick 302 föräldrar i studien. Både förstagångsmammor och partners rapporterade en lägre kvalitet i parrelation och högre känsla av sammanhang sex månader efter förlossning, jämfört med under graviditet. Förstagångsmammors högre kvalitet i parrelation var associerat med deras: 1) partners mer positiva känsla inför föräldraskap; 2) högre uppfattade sociala stöd samt 3) känsla av sammanhang under graviditet och 4) mer positiva förändring i känsla av sammanhang mellan graviditet och sex månader efter förlossning. Partners högre kvalitet i parrelation var associerat med deras mer positiva förändring i uppfattat socialt stöd mellan graviditet och sex månader efter förlossning. Konklusion:Liknande mönster i förändring över tid i relation till kvalitet i parrelation och känsla av sammanhang framkom för förstagångsmammor och partners. Detta indikerar att föräldratransition har en positiv inverkan på föräldrars förmåga att hantera sin livssituation även fast deras kvalitet i parrelation sjunker under föräldratransitionen.
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| 39. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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Midwives' Experiences of Providing the "Inspirational Lecture" as a Care Intervention for Expectant Parents : A Qualitative Study
- 2020
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In: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In most Western countries, ordinary parental classes exist and have become a well-established form of professional support within midwifery care, even though some of these classes lack evidence of benefits for the parents. A Swedish randomized controlled trial including an intervention as a pilot study, revealed that a type of parental preparatory professional support provided for expectant parents, the "inspirational lecture," showed a tendency to be beneficial for parents' birth experience, and their perceived quality of parental couple relationship. However, there is no previous research on the midwives' experiences from providing the inspirational lecture. Carrying out research on midwives' experiences from providing the lecture, could bring future opportunities to provide a work-integrated learning (WIL) related to professionals' skills, and the pedagogic used. Aim: To elucidate midwives' experiences about providing the inspirational lecture as a care intervention for expectant parents. Methods: Midwives were interviewed and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The midwives strived to put childbirth into a comprehensive and manageable context for the expectant parents, during the inspirational lecture. For this, different approaches were used to make expectant parents understand how the parents themselves can be engaged participants in their own birth. Conclusion and Clinical Implications: The midwives used the inspirational lecture to provide the expectant parents with knowledge about how they, as a parental couple, could cooperate and feel safe in relation to the upcoming birth. This could be understood as if the midwives were striving to facilitate the integrative power of the parental couple, which is the couples' ability to gather their joint power. These results can assist midwives and serve as a reference for providing parental classes for expectant parents with a focus on promoting both the parents' individual as well as mutual skills.
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| 40. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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Parents' Experiences of Receiving Professional Support Through Extended Home Visits During Pregnancy and Early Childhood : A Phenomenographic Study
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: While becoming a parent can be challenging for all, it can particularly be challenging for those parents and children who are in a vulnerable situation—e.g., in families whose members have problems related to health, relationships, or socioeconomic status. It is essential for health care professionals to identify the more vulnerable families at an early stage. Home visits are one cost-effective way of identifying and supporting such families. This study describes the parental experiences of an intervention that involves professional support in the form of extended home visits. The aim of the study is to describe the parents' understanding of their experiences of receiving professional support through extended home visits both during pregnancy and the first 15 months of their child's life. Methods/Design: A phenomenographic approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 parents who had received the intervention. The interviews were analyzed using the seven-step phenomenography model described by Sjöström and Dahlgren. Results: The following three descriptive categories emerged from the analysis: (1) conceptions concerning the meaning of the physical environment, (2) conceptions concerning extended home visits promoting feelings of self-confidence in the parental role, and (3) conceptions concerning extended home visits promoting parental participation and relations. Conclusion and Clinical Implications: Extended home visits as a form of professional support appear to promote parental self-confidence in parenting ability, giving parents a feeling of security that facilitates conversation with professionals. Children and their entire families had natural roles during home visits, which allowed the children to behave more characteristically. Furthermore, the home visits were understood to facilitate social support through social activities at the child health center as well as integration into Swedish society for migrant parents. Professional support should be adjusted to the unique individual needs of parents, which demands a variety of supportive interventions—for example, reorganizing one or two of the regular clinical visits currently being scheduled as home visits instead.
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| 41. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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Quality of couple relationship among first-time mothers and partners, during pregnancy and the first six months of parenthood
- 2018
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 17, s. 56-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- HighlightsSocial support is associated with first-time mothers’ and partners’ perceived quality of couple relationship six months after birth.Sense of Coherence is associated with first-time mothers’ perceived quality of couple relationship six months after birth.First-time mothers’ and partners’ Sense of Coherence increase between pregnancy and six months after birth.Partners’ feelings for parenthood is associated with first-time mothers’ perception of quality of couple relationship six months after birth.First-time mothers’ and partners’ perceived quality of couple relationship is decreasing after childbirth.
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| 42. |
- Bäckström, Caroline A., et al.
(author)
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'To be able to support her, I must feel calm and safe' : Pregnant women's partners perceptions of professional support during pregnancy
- 2017
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In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Professional support does not always meet the needs of expectant fathers or co-mothers. The way in which professional support is offered during pregnancy varies internationally, depending on the country. In order to attain a greater understanding of partners' experiences of professional support, it is necessary to further illuminate their perceptions of it. The aim of this study was therefore to explore pregnant women's partners' perceptions of professional support during pregnancy.Methods: Qualitative research design. Partners of pregnant women were interviewed during gestational week 36-38. Individual semi-structured interviews were used to explore the partners' perceptions. The data was analysed using a phenomenographic approach. The study was performed in a county in south-western Sweden; the data collection was conducted from November 2014 to February 2015. Fourteen partners (expectant fathers and co-mothers) of women who were expectant first-time mothers with singleton pregnancies, were interviewed.Results: The findings of the study are presented through four descriptive categories: Ability to absorb adequate information; Possibility to meet and share with other expectant parents; Confirmation of the partner's importance; and Influence on the couple relationship. Using a theoretical assumption of the relationship between the categories showed that the fourth category was influenced by the other three categories.Conclusions: The partners perceived that professional support during pregnancy could influence the couple relationship. The partners' ability to communicate and to experience togetherness with the women increased when the expectant couple received professional support together. The support created also possibilities to meet and share experiences with other expectant parents. In contrast, a lack of support was found to contribute to partners' feelings of unimportance. It was essential that the midwives included the partners by confirming that they were individuals who had different needs for various types of professional support. The partners perceived it easier to absorb information when it was adequate and given with a pedagogic that made the partners become interested and emotionally engaged.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(author)
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Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, trunk muscle activation and force during isokinetic lifting and lowering.
- 1994
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In: European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. - 0301-5548 .- 1432-1025. ; 68:4, s. 315-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), force and electromyographic (EMG) activity from the abdominal (intra-muscular) and trunk extensor (surface) muscles were measured in seven male subjects during maximal and sub-maximal sagittal lifting and lowering with straight arms and legs. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to provide five constant velocities (0.12-0.96 m.s-1) of lifting (pulling against the resistance of the motor) and lowering (resisting the downward pull of the motor). For the maximal efforts, position-specific lowering force was greater than lifting force at each respective velocity. In contrast, corresponding IAPs during lowering were less than those during lifting. Highest mean force occurred during slow lowering (1547 N at 0.24 m.s-1) while highest IAP occurred during the fastest lifts (17.8 kPa at 0.48-0.96 m.s-1). Among the abdominal muscles, the highest level of activity and the best correlation to variations in IAP (r = 0.970 over velocities) was demonstrated by the transversus abdominis muscle. At each velocity the EMG activity of the primary trunk and hip extensors was less during lowering (eccentric muscle action) than lifting (concentric muscle action) despite higher levels of force (r between -0.896 and -0.851). Sub-maximal efforts resulted in IAP increasing linearly with increasing lifting or lowering force (r = 0.918 and 0.882, respectively). However, at any given force IAP was less during lowering than lifting. This difference was negated if force and IAP were expressed relative to their respective lifting and lowering maxima.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 47. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(author)
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Observations on intra-abdominal pressure and patterns of abdominal intra-muscular activity in man.
- 1992
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In: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 144:4, s. 409-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to investigate possible relationships between activities of the individual muscles of the ventrolateral abdominal wall and the development of pressure within the abdominal cavity. Intra-muscular activity was recorded bilaterally from transversus abdominis, obliquus internus, obliquus externus and rectus abdominis with fine-wire electrodes guided into place using real-time ultrasound. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured intragastrically using a micro tip pressure transducer. Six males were studied during loading and movement tasks with varied levels of intra-abdominal pressure. During both maximal voluntary isometric trunk flexion and extension, transversus abdominis activity and intra-abdominal pressure remained constant, while all other abdominal muscles showed a marked reduction during extension. When maximal isometric trunk flexor or extensor torques were imposed upon a maximal Valsalva manoeuvre, transversus abdominis activity and intra-abdominal pressure remained comparable within and across conditions, whereas obliquus internus, obliquus externus and rectus abdominis activities either markedly increased (flexion) or decreased (extension). Trunk twisting movements showed reciprocal patterns of activity between the left and right sides of transversus abdominis, indicating an ability for torque development. During trunk flexion--extension, transversus abdominis showed less distinguished changes of activity possibly relating to a general stabilizing function. In varied pulsed Valsalva manoeuvres, changes in peak intra-abdominal pressure were correlated with mean amplitude electromyograms of all abdominal muscles, excluding rectus abdominis. It is concluded that the co-ordinative patterns shown between the muscles of the ventrolateral abdominal wall are task specific based upon demands of movement, torque and stabilization. It appears that transversus abdominis is the abdominal muscle whose activity is most consistently related to changes in intra-abdominal pressure.
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| 48. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(author)
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The effect of an abdominal muscle training program on intra-abdominal pressure.
- 1994
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - 0036-5505 .- 1940-2228. ; 26:2, s. 79-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of 10 weeks' specific abdominal strength training (resisted trunk rotations) on intra-abdominal pressure was investigated in 10 healthy males. Isometric rotational force, trunk flexor and extensor torque and intra-abdominal pressure were measured as well as intra-abdominal pressure responses to Valsalva manoeuvres, maximal pulsed pressures, drop jumps and trunk perturbations. The rotational strength increased 29.7% after training without significant change in intra-abdominal pressure. The isometric flexor strength did not change, while the extensor strength increased 11.0%. Valsalva and pulsed pressures increased 11.6 and 9.2%, respectively. The rate of intra-abdominal pressure development during pulsed pressures, drop jumps and trunk perturbations increased after training. The level of intra-abdominal pressure during the latter two tasks remained unchanged. It is concluded that an increase in strength of the trunk rotators with training improves the ability to generate higher levels of voluntarily induced intra-abdominal pressure and increases the rate of intra-abdominal pressure development during functional situations.
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| 49. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(author)
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The influence of sudden perturbations on trunk muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure while standing.
- 1994
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In: Experimental Brain Research. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 98:2, s. 336-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unexpected ventral and dorsal perturbations and expected, self-induced ventral perturbations were delivered to the trunk by suddenly loading a vest strapped to the torso. Six male subjects were measured for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and intra-muscular electromyography of the transversus abdominis (TrA), obliquus internus abdominis (OI), obliquus externus abdominis (OE) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. Erector spinae (ES) activity was recorded using surface electromyography. Displacements of the trunk and head were registered using a video-based system. Unexpected ventral loading produced activity in TrA, OI, OE and RA, and an IAP increase well in advance of activity from ES. Expected ventral loading produced pre-activation of all muscles and an increased IAP prior to the perturbation. The TrA was always the first muscle active in both the unexpected and self-loading conditions. Of the two ventral loading conditions, forward displacement of the trunk was significantly reduced during the self-loading. Unexpected dorsal loading produced coincident activation of TrA, OI, OE, RA and ES. These results indicate a response of the trunk muscles to sudden expected and unexpected ventral loadings other than the anticipated immediate extensor torque production through ES activation. It is suggested that the increase in IAP is a mechanism designed to improve the stability of the trunk through a stiffening of the whole segment.
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| 50. |
- Cresswell, A G, et al.
(author)
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The role of the abdominal musculature in the elevation of the intra-abdominal pressure during specified tasks.
- 1989
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In: Ergonomics. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 32:10, s. 1237-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A series of standardized tasks, isometric trunk flexion and extension and maximal Valsalva manoeuvres, were used to evaluate the role of the abdominal musculature in developing an increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Seven male subjects were measured for IAP, myoelectric activity of rectus abdominis (RA), obliquus externus and internus (OE and OI respectively), erector spinae (ES) and isometric trunk torque. IAPs in all experimental conditions were markedly greater than those that occurred while relaxed. In isometric trunk flexion, IAPs were increased with accompanying high levels of activity from the abdominal muscles. In contrast, little activity from the abdominal muscles occurred during isometric trunk extension, although levels of IAP were similar to those found in the isometric flexion condition. With maximal voluntary pressurization (Valsalva manoeuvre) slightly higher levels of IAP than those found in torque conditions were recorded, this pressure being produced with abdominal activities (OE and OI) less than one fourth their recorded maximum. When isometric torque tasks were added to the Valsalva manoeuvre, patterns of muscle activity (RA, OE, OI and ES) were significantly altered. For Valsalva with isometric trunk extension, activity from OE and OI was reduced while IAPs remained fairly constant. These findings indicate that in tasks where an IAP extension moment is warranted, abdominal pressure can be increased without the development of a large counter-moment produced by the dual action of the trunk flexors. Activation of other muscles such as the diaphragm and transversus abdominis is suggested as helping provide control over the level of IAP during controlled trunk tasks.
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