| 1. |
- Berg, R. C., et al.
(author)
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Barebacking among men who have sex with men recruited through a Swedish website: associations with sexual activities at last sexual encounter
- 2013
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In: Eurosurveillance. - 1560-7917. ; 18:13, s. 11-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The research topic of barebacking emerged in the mid-1990s. Since then, a multitude of studies, largely from the United States, have produced invaluable knowledge of factors that help explain the behaviour among men who have sex with men (MSM), and that may contribute to HIV risk reduction programming and advice to counsellors working with barebackers. Given the scant empirical research about barebacking among European MSM, we conducted a survey among 3,634 MSM recruited through a web community in Nordic countries. The objectives of the study were twofold: to describe the sexual activities associated with barebacking behaviour at last sexual encounter, and to evaluate the relationship of barebacking with relevant variables. Men who reported barebacking (n=356) and men who did not (n=3,278) were compared. On the basis of the results of the analyses, the socio-sexual profile of barebackers drawn was one that is at increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections due to their sexual practices, particularly unprotected anal intercourse, but also group sex and rimming. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of engaging in barebacking was higher for MSM who reported more frequent HIV testing (odds ratio (OR)=5.16), a higher number of female sex partners (OR=16.80), using gay cruising places (OR=1.51) and gay chat rooms (OR=2.11).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Berg, RC, et al.
(author)
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The effectiveness of MI4MSM: how useful is motivational interviewing as an HIV risk prevention program for men who have sex with men? A systematic review
- 2011
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In: Aids education and prevention. - 0899-9546. ; 23:6, s. 533-549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Among men who have sex with men (MSM), the principal risk practice for HIV infection is unprotected anal intercourse, often engaged in under the influence of alcohol and other substances. Both behaviors are targeted through the much-used counseling approach motivational interviewing (MI). We conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions adapting the principles and techniques of MI on HIV risk behaviors for MSM. Ten randomized controlled trials, which included 6,051 participants at baseline, were eligible for inclusion. Nine outcomes, of which seven were for sexual behavior outcomes, were sufficiently similar to compute meta-analyses. With the exception of one outcome, drinks per day at short-term follow-up, there were no significant differences between the groups receiving MI and the control groups. The effectiveness of MI as a prevention strategy for HIV risk behaviors among MSM is uncertain and continued work to craft more effective HIV prevention programming for this group should be done.
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| 4. |
- Cooper, Al, et al.
(author)
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Predicting the future of Internet sex : Online sexual activities in Sweden
- 2003
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Carfax Publishing. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 18:3, s. 277-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is the first large-scale study of Internet sexuality conducted outside the USA. The questionnaire was administered in the Swedish language and utilized responses from one of the most popular portals (Passagen) in Sweden. Responses from 3,614 people were analysed, with a gender distribution of 55% males and 45% females. This is exactly the same percentages as found in the overall use of the Internet in Sweden (Nielsen/Net Ratings, January, 2002) and participation by females allowed for a more detailed examination of their involvement in online sexual activities. A factor analysis found that there were two major and coherent factors that accounted for over one-third of the variance for all participants. These were called 'Seeking partners', and 'Accessing erotica'. The article details several ways these factors were influenced by gender and age. These results also provided corroboration for several important patterns of OSA reported in earlier studies. Sweden might be an especially fortuitous place to do this type of research as the pervasiveness and acceptance of Internet usage is higher than in the USA, and among the highest in the world. It was postulated that these findings might provide an indication of how OSA might evolve in other societies as their populations increasingly spend time online.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hammarström, Sofia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Identification and risk assessment of Swedish youth at risk of chlamydia.
- 2015
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In: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 43:4, s. 399-407
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to identify youth at high risk of chlamydia including variables related to sexual health and negative experiences of sexuality.
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| 7. |
- Hedin, Ulla-Carin, 1945, et al.
(author)
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När man måste säga ifrån. Om kritik och whistleblowing i offentliga organisationer
- 2008
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I boken analyseras processen från att någon framför kritik till konsekvenser på längre sikt. På så vis vill författarna öka medvetenheten om hur destruktiva processer inom en arbetsorganisation ser ut och om hur man kan förhindra dem. Men författarna vidgar också perspektivet. Hur hänger det som sker inom organisationerna samman med förhållanden i samhället i stort.
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| 8. |
- Izugbara, Chimaroke, et al.
(author)
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Ethnicity, livelihoods, masculinity, and health among Luo men in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya
- 2013
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In: Ethnicity and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1355-7858 .- 1465-3419. ; 18:5, s. 483-498
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Previous research suggests that ethnic self-identity has little consequence for objective health outcomes compared to the structural dimensions of ethnicity. Methods. Using qualitative data, we investigated perceptions of ethnicity in relation to health among Luo men in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. Results. While recognizing the complicated cultural origin of poor health, responding Luo men stressed on gender and everyday livelihood situations as being more critical for their health than Luo customs. Recognition of the structural causes of ill-health among the men overlapped with lay notions derived from particular expressions of Luo culture in urban slum contexts. To some extent, respondents regarded the performance of their sense of ethnic identity as protective, though they also admitted to the health-damaging repercussions of some of the ways they enacted aspects of Luo culture. Conclusion. Ethnic beliefs that link particular enactments of local customs with health outcomes may motivate the performance of cultural identity in ways that can produce critical health outcomes. Keywords: Kenya; Luo men; masculinity; poor health; slums; cultural beliefs; poverty
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| 9. |
- Izugbara, Chimaroke, et al.
(author)
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Men, masculinity, and community development in Kenyan slums
- 2014
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In: Community Development. - : Routledge. - 1557-5330 .- 1944-7485. ; 45:1, s. 32-44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited research on masculinity in relation to community development. Using ethnographic and interview data from two slums in Kenya and building on one of the more well-known definitions of community development, we explore men?s narratives of themselves in relation to community development. We highlight how men's cognizance of the structural and contextual constraints to the development of their communities intersected with both a feeling that they have helped to hamper community development and an adamant sense of their own criticality and centrality in ensuring it. While repudiating the idea that they have to change in order for their community to progress, men also generally hinged community development on their tenacious pursuit of traditional masculinity scripts. The rejection of mainstream masculinity norms as the basis for community progress will not resonate consistently among men. Social and community development work with men that fails to acknowledge them as gendered people may not succeed. © 2014 Community Development Society.
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| 10. |
- Lindroth, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Unequal sexual health : differences between detained youth and their same aged peers
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 41:7, s. 722-728
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To describe sexual health risks in an understudied group, youth in detention, and compare these to sexual health risks among non-detained youth. In addition, variables predicting adverse sexual health outcomes are sought and compared. Methods: In 2009, a self-administered questionnaire on sexuality was conducted amongst youth in Sweden. In 2010, the same Internet-based questionnaire was applied in a study at Swedish detention centres. In this article, sexually active youth aged 15–20 years in the two groups are compared and bivariate logistic regression analyses are conducted in order to find predictors of adverse sexual health outcomes, among detainees and non-detainees respectively. Results: Major differences between the detained and the non-detained concerning a majority of risk-taking variables exist. Conclusions: Although detained youth display several risky sexual behaviors, no specific risk factors are found in a logistic regression analysis. However, this is a vulnerable group. The mere fact that an adolescent is placed at a detention centre should be an imperative for professionals to address the subject of sexual health and safer sex. Furthermore, the results will be used in a forthcoming sex education curriculum tailored especially at detained youth. This is one, but by far not the only way to minimize the health inequalities that are presented in this study.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Månsson, Sven-Axel, et al.
(author)
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Kärlek och sex på Internet
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Baksidestext: Internet har på många sätt kommit att påverka sexualiteten i det moderna samhället. Ibland talas det om sex på nätet som nästa stora revolution. Men hittills har vi haft förhållandevis lite kunskap om vilken betydelse denna revolution har i människors vardagsliv. Med denna rapport klarnar bilden något. Här redovisas en studie av drygt 1 800 svenskars användning av nätet för kärleks- och sexuella syften. Rapporten ingår i ett större forskningsprojekt som sedan år 2002 pågår vid Institutionen för socialt arbete vid Göteborgs universitet samt vid Enheten för socialt arbete vid Malmö Högskola.
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| 13. |
- Persson, K.I., et al.
(author)
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Experimentals, bottoms, risk-reducers and clubbers: exploring diverse sexual practice in an Internet-active high-risk behaviour group of men who have sex with men in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Culture, Health and Sexuality. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1058 .- 1464-5351. ; 18:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2015 Taylor & Francis This study aimed to identify sub-groups of men who have sex with men at high risk of HIV infection. Data from the Swedish MSM2013 survey were analysed with a focus on respondents (n = 714) who reported having had unprotected anal intercourse with male casual partner(s) in the past 12 months. Weighted Latent Class Analysis with covariates and distal outcomes was conducted to identify sub-groups of men sharing the same sexual practice characteristics. Four latent classes emerged: experimentals, bottoms, risk-reducers and clubbers. Experimentals appeared to differ most from the other classes. They had extensive experience of barebacking, the use of poppers and fisting. Higher number of casual male sex partners and reporting having HIV were predictors for belonging to experimentals. No evidence for an association between self-rated HIV prevention knowledge and taking less part in risky practices was found. Hence, knowledge-intensive interventions may not be the best fit for reducing HIV transmission. This diversity of men based on similar sexual practice patterns should be taken into account when designing future HIV prevention interventions.
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| 14. |
- Persson, K. I., et al.
(author)
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Motivators and barriers for HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Sweden
- 2016
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In: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 25:23-24, s. 3605-3618
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To explore motivators and barriers to HIV testing and to assess the factors associated with testing among men who have sex with men. Background: Previous research has considered fear, worries and structural barriers as hindrances to HIV testing among men who have sex with men. However, few studies have included assessments of actual HIV testing when exploring barriers or motivators for such testing. Design: The design of the study was a stratified cross-sectional online survey (n=2373). Method: Factor analysis was conducted to analyse the barriers and motivators for HIV testing. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors for HIV testing. Results: Many men who have sex with men test for HIV regularly, and specific reasons for testing were having unprotected sex or starting/ending a relationship. A lack of awareness and a perception of being at low risk for exposure were common reasons for never being tested. Fear and anxiety as well as barriers related to the use of test services remain important hindrances for testing. Predictors associated with having been tested within the past 12months were: younger age (15–25years old compared with 47+); knowledge on where to take an HIV test on short notice as well as having talked with a counsellor, having received condoms for free, or having had unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners within the last 12months. Conclusion: Easily accessible test services offering testing and counselling on short notice should be available for all men who have sex with men. Outreach activities, distribution of free condoms and testing at venues where men who have sex with men meet are important prevention add-ons that can contribute to increased awareness about HIV and testing. Relevance to clinical practice: Test services must ensure confidentiality and health care professionals who meet men who have sex with men for testing need competency with regards to men who have sex with men sexual health needs. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 15. |
- Persson, K. I., et al.
(author)
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Place and practice: Sexual risk behaviour while travelling abroad among Swedish men who have sex with men
- 2018
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In: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 1477-8939 .- 1873-0442. ; 25, s. 58-64
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The proportion of newly diagnosed HIV and STI cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) that were contracted abroad has been increasing in Sweden. The present study explored factors associated with casual unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and travelling abroad among MSM. Methods: A cross-sectional stratified survey with 2751 MSM was conducted. The frequency of sexual practices among men who had casual UAI abroad (< 12 months) with that of men who had casual UAI only in Sweden were compared and factors associated with casual UAI abroad were identified through regression analysis. Results: Factors associated with casual UAI abroad within the previous 12 months were: visit a gay sauna (OR 6.15, 95% CI 3.43-11.06), visit gay cafe/bar/pub (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.62-6.48), experience of UAI with a foreign visitor (OR 4.80, 95% CI 2.37-9.75), living with HIV (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.15-6.48), reporting poor overall health (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.13-4.44), being born outside Sweden (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.08-4.53), and being vaccinated against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or both (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.13-3.27). Conclusion: MSM who engage in casual UAI abroad need to increase their understanding of related risks and that risk varies with place and practice. Health care professionals should address the preventive needs of traveling MSM and offer counselling and STI-preventive measures.
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| 16. |
- Petersson, Frida, et al.
(author)
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Party and play in the closet? Exploring club drug use among Swedish men who have sex with men
- 2016
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In: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 51:9, s. 1093-1103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a population that is less frequently the target of drug research in a Scandinavian context. Objectives This study aims to explore: (1) the existence of club drug use among a sample of Swedish MSM, and (2) associations between club drug use and sociodemographic, sociosexual and sexual risk behaviour. Methods The data used in the analysis are drawn from a larger European study on MSM and HIV. The analytic sample consisted of 3,004 MSM who resided in Sweden at the time they answered the questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to perform the analysis. The primary outcome variable was a dichotomous measure of having used club drugs in the past 12 months vs. not. The independent variables were categorised into three domains, sociodemographic, sociosexual and sexual risk behaviour. The analysis was undertaken as a univariable analysis (with Chi-square tests and Pearson’s biserial correlation). Results Results show that club drug use exists in the Swedish MSM population and is particularly prevalent among gay identified, younger MSM from metropolitan areas, and among men with diagnosed HIV or other STIs. Moreover, club drug use was common among the men that had more sexual partners and took more sexual risks. These men were also more likely to have been diagnosed with an STI. Conclusions MSM who use club drugs have to be acknowledged in the Swedish drug policy context, as well as within clinical practice. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the social and contextual dimensions involved in club drug use among Swedish MSM
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ross, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Gay Community Involvement: Its Interrelationships and Associations With Internet Use and HIV Risk Behaviors in Swedish Men Who Have Sex With Men
- 2014
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In: Journal of Homosexuality. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0091-8369 .- 1540-3602. ; 61:2, s. 323-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We measured aspects of “community involvement” chosen for men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sweden (gay places, media accessed, Internet, gay festivals, and social engagement, measured as proportion of gay friends) in two Swedish Internet-based samples from 2006 (n = 3,202) and 2008 (n = 4,715). Data showed low to moderate reliability with a moderate (0.57) alpha coefficient. While there is moderate internal consistency, as might be anticipated from measures of actual community involvement, they can be treated as scales. The Internet scale indicated the lowest reliability, perhaps due to respondents having Internet sites of primary choice, rather than a high level of usage across several sites. A hypothesized lack of correlation between traditional domains of the gay community and the Internet did not appear: correlations between the Internet measure and the other measures were positive and significant, but among the lowest correlations obtained between the community measures, ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. Those who use the Internet extensively are less likely to be involved in other aspects of the community. Sexual risk was associated with high social engagement at sexual meeting sites and with Internetuse. Gay community involvement, including the Internet community, may be complex and associated with both increase in HIV sexual risk behaviors (by measuring use of sexual risk sites) and preventive measures (HIV testing).
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ross, Michael W., et al.
(author)
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Characteristics of Men and Women who Complete or Exit from an On-line Internet Sexuality Questionnaire. A study of instrument dropout biases
- 2002
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In: Journal of Sex Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-4499 .- 1559-8519. ; 40:4, s. 396-402
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study compared respondents who completed an Internet sexuality questionnaire and those who dropped out before completion. The study was in Swedish and comprised 3,614 respondents over a 2-week period (53% males, 47% females). There were significant differences between males, of whom 51% dropped out before completion of the 175-item questionnaire, and females, of whom 43% dropped out. Dropout in both genders followed a curve of negative acceleration. The data suggest that dropout is likely to be significant and gender and demographically biased, and to occur significantly earlier for men than for women. Geography, education, sexual orientation, age, relationship status, living arrangements, and Internet connection speed were related to dropout for men, while only relationship status and living arrangements, which were in the opposite direction from men, were related to dropout in women.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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EMIS 2010 Sverige. Svenska resultat från den europeiska undersökningen EMIS 2010 : en studie om män som har sex med män
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med rapporten är att redogöra för det svenska resultatet av EMIS-studien samt att jämföra dess data med tidigare svenska data om män som har sex med män (MSM). Totalt svarade 3 269 personer boende i Sverige på EMIS-enkäten, varav svaren från 3 089 män i åldrarna 15–79 år ingår i denna rapport. EMIS visar att kunskapsläget är högt när det gäller hiv, STI och hur man skyddar sig, liksom var man kan testa sig samt få samtalsstöd och råd. Samtidigt är det vanligt med oskyddade samlag, oftast med en stadig partner men även med en icke-stadig partner och särskilt bland de unga männen. Resultatet indikerar även att socioekonomiska faktorer har betydelse för dem som är mer riskutsatta. MSM som har oskyddat sex är i större utsträckning utan sysselsättning, och de har oftare än andra använt droger eller alkohol i samband med sex, debuterat tidigare sexuellt, haft en könssjukdom (STI) samt haft fler partner eller fått betalt för att ha sex. Detta betyder att det preventiva arbetet till MSM även bör riktas och formas med särskilt fokus på de MSM som uppvisar en eller några av dessa riskfaktorer.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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Hiv-risktagande bland MSM
- 1999
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In: Nationella folkhälsostämman 1999, Folkhälsoinstitutet Stockholm.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 29. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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HIV-risktagande bland MSM i Sverige
- 2002
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In: Nationella folkhälsostämman 2002, Folkhälsoinstitutet Stockholm.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 30. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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Internet and HIV risk taking among MSM
- 2000
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In: Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Midcontinent Region Annual Conference: 19-21 maj, 2000, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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MSM-enkäten. Riskhandlingar, hivtest och preventiva behov bland män som har sex med män
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten innehåller en presentation av resultat från MSM-enkäten 2008. Syftet med MSM-enkäten är att kartlägga sexuella beteenden, hivtestningsvanor, kunskapsbehov samt behov av hiv/STIpreventiva insatser bland män som har sex med andra män. Resultatet från enkäten utgör ett underlag för utformandet av en uppdaterad hivprevention.
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| 37. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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Person, relation och situation - riskhandlingar, hivtest och preventiva behov bland män som har sex med män
- 2008
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten innehåller resultat från en enkät om sexuella handlingar, hivtestningsvanor, kunskapsbehov samt behov av hivpreventiva insatser bland män som har sex med andra män (MSM). Drygt hälften av männen har under det senaste året haft oskyddade samlag. Enkäten visar dessutom att när männen har samlag är oskyddade samlag mer förekommande än samlag med kondom. I hivepidemins tredje decennium kan vi se att det bland MSM finns olika sätt att hantera risker för hivöverföring. Det finns män som endast har oskyddade samlag inom en parrelation samtidigt som det finns män som väljer att ha oskyddade samlag med någon man bedömer ha samma hivstatus som en själv. Enkäten visar att erfarenheter av hivtest skiljer sig åt mellan männen. För det första har vi en grupp män som inte hivtestat sig eller som är osäkra på sin hivstatus. Dessa män har i högre grad utsatt sig för risker för hivöverföring. För det andra visar enkäten att männen bemöttes på olika sätt den senaste gången de testade sig. En del av männen erbjöds samtal och kompletterande test av andra sexuellt överförda infektioner (STI). Andra män fick inte några erbjudanden alls utöver testet. Enkäten visar tydliga skillnader mellan de mottagningar som är specialinriktade på hiv/STI och övriga mottagningar inom sjukvården (t.ex. vårdcentraler). Männen som hivtestade sig vid en mottagning som inte är specialinriktad mot hiv/STI fick betydligt färre möjligheter till rådgivande samtal i samband med sitt hivtest. Resultatet pekar mot att det finns geografiska orättvisor, eftersom de specialinriktade hiv/STI-mottagningarna i regel endast finns i storstadsregionerna.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Sexuell hälsa i Stockholms län
- 2011
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In: Hälso- och sjukvårdsförvaltningen Folkhälsorapport.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 41. |
- Tikkanen, Ronny, 1968
(author)
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Stop HIV! Erfarenheter av kampanjsamverkan och onsitetestning riktad till män som har sex med män
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport belyser samarbetet i den s k Stophivgruppen, en samverkansgrupp mellan myndigheter och frivilligorganisationer i Stockholms län som arbetar för att förebygga hiv och STI bland män som har sex med män. Stophivgruppen har genomfört gemensamma kampanjer och initierat ”onsitetestning” på festivalområdet under Stockholm Pride. Rapporten bygger på intervjuer med deltagarna i gruppen och på en enkätundersökning som genomfördes i anslutning till onsitetestningen under Stockholm Pride 2007.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Wallander, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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The problem of non-response in population surveys on the topic of HIV and sexuality : a comparative study
- 2015
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford Academic. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 25:1, s. 172-177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Throughout the Western world, response rates are falling in population surveys. The aim of the study was to explore for the presence of non-response bias in two Swedish research projects on HIV [‘HIV in Sweden’ (HIS11)] and sexuality [‘Sex and health’ (UngKAB09)]. Methods: The study used four data sets (two from each project), each of which had been generated using different methods. By comparing means and percentages on 15 items across the data sets, we explore the potential presence of non-response bias due to interest in the survey topic (topic salience), and discuss the suitability of two increasingly common methods for recruiting respondents: the pre-recruited probability web panel and the self-selected web survey. Results: While a higher proportion of the respondents in the HIS11 substudies had been tested for HIV and were inclined to perceive themselves as being at high risk of HIV infection, the respondents in the UngKAB09 substudies were on average more sexually active. Further, while there was little variation in the results between the HIS11 substudies (postal/web survey and prerecruited web panel), there were some fairly large differences in the results between the UngKAB09 substudies (web surveys, one of which was based on a self-selected sample). Conclusion: The study concludes that (i) there are signs of non-response bias that may be due to topic salience, (ii) while care must be taken when using self-selection sampling methods, the pre-recruited probability web panel might provide a cost- and time-effective alternative for recruiting respondents in future population surveys.
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