1. |
- Oggiano, Florian, et al.
(author)
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Overlapping morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic features of superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor and PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor.
- 2022
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In: Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. - : Elsevier BV. - 1530-0285. ; 35:6, s. 767-776
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT) is a recently recognized soft tissue tumor that is considered to be of borderline malignancy. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains incompletely understood, but it has been suggested that SCD34FT overlaps with tumors showing fusions involving the PRDM10 gene. Previous analyses of PRDM10-rearranged tumors have demonstrated that they have a distinct gene expression profile, resulting in high expression of CADM3 (also known as SynCam3), which can be detected immunohistochemically. Here, we investigated a series (n=43) of SCD34FT or PRDM10-rearranged tumors and potential mimics (n=226) with regard to morphological, genetic, and immunohistochemical features. The results show that SCD34FT and PRDM10-rearranged tumor are morphologically indistinguishable; 41 of 43 tumors of both entities are CADM3-positive. Hence, we suggest that they constitute a single entity, preferably referred to as SCD34FT. Expression of CADM3 was only rarely seen in other soft tissue tumors, except in tumors with Schwann cell differentiation. Thus, IHC for CADM3, in combination with the characteristic morphological features, is a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of SCD34FT.
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2. |
- Presneau, Nadege, et al.
(author)
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Role of the transcription factor T (brachyury) in the pathogenesis of sporadic chordoma: a genetic and functional-based study
- 2011
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In: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417. ; 223:3, s. 327-335
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A variety of analyses, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and array CGH (aCGH), have been performed on a series of chordomas from 181 patients. Twelve of 181 (7%) tumours displayed amplification of the T locus and an additional two cases showed focal amplification; 70/181 (39%) tumours were polysomic for chromosome 6, and 8/181 (4.5%) primary tumours showed a minor allelic gain of T as assessed by FISH. No germline alteration of the T locus was identified in non-neoplastic tissue from 40 patients. Copy number gain of T was seen in a similar percentage of sacrococcygeal, mobile spine and base of skull tumours. Knockdown of T in the cell line, U-CH1, which showed polysomy of chromosome 6 involving 6q27, resulted in a marked decrease in cell proliferation and morphological features consistent with a senescence-like phenotype. The U-CH1 cell line was validated as representing chordoma by the generation of xenografts, which showed typical chordoma morphology and immunohistochemistry in the NOD/SCID/interleukin 2 receptor [IL2r]gamma(null) mouse model. In conclusion, chromosomal aberrations resulting in gain of the T locus are common in sporadic chordomas and expression of this gene is critical for proliferation of chordoma cells in vitro. Copyright (C) 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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3. |
- Puls, Florian, et al.
(author)
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PRDM10 -rearranged Soft Tissue Tumor : A Clinicopathologic Study of 9 Cases
- 2019
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In: American Journal of Surgical Pathology. - 0147-5185. ; 43:4, s. 504-513
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gene fusion transcripts containing PRDM10 were recently identified in low-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS). Here, we describe the morphologic and clinical features of 9 such tumors from 5 men and 4 women (age: 20 to 61 y). Three cases had previously been diagnosed as UPS, 3 as superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT), 2 as pleomorphic liposarcoma, and 1 as pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor. The tumors were located in the superficial and deep soft tissues of the thigh/knee region (4 cases), shoulder (2 cases), foot, trunk, and perineum (1 case each) ranging in size from 1 to 6 cm. All showed poorly defined cellular fascicles of pleomorphic cells within a fibrous stroma with frequent myxoid change and a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. All displayed highly pleomorphic nuclear features, but a low mitotic count. Most tumors were well circumscribed. One of 9 tumors recurred locally, but none metastasized. Immunohistochemically, all were CD34+ and showed nuclear positivity for PRDM10; focal positivity for cytokeratins was seen in 5/6 cases. PRDM10 immunoreactivity was evaluated in 50 soft tissue tumors that could mimic PRDM10- rearranged tumors, including 4 cases exhibiting histologic features within the spectrum of SCD34FT. Except for 2/6 pleomorphic liposarcomas and 1/4 myxofibrosarcomas, other tumors did not show nuclear positivity but displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. In conclusion, PRDM10-rearranged soft tissue tumor is characterized by pleomorphic morphology and a low mitotic count. Its morphologic spectrum overlaps with SCD34FT. Clinical features of this small series suggest an indolent behavior, justifying its distinction from UPS and other sarcomas.
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4. |
- Romeo, Salvatore, et al.
(author)
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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and fibrosarcoma of bone: a re-assessment in the light of currently employed morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular approaches
- 2012
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In: Virchows Archiv: an international journal of pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2307. ; 461:5, s. 561-570
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and fibrosarcoma (FS) of bone are rare malignant tumours and contentious entities. Sixty seven cases labelled as bone MFH (57) and bone FS (10) were retrieved from five bone tumour referral centres and reviewed to determine whether recent advances allowed for reclassification and identification of histological subgroups with distinct clinical behaviour. A panel of immunostains was applied: smooth muscle actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, cytokeratin AE1-AE3, CD31, CD34, CD68, CD163, CD45, S100 and epithelial membrane antigen. Additional fluorescence in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry were performed whenever appropriate. All cases were reviewed by six bone and soft tissue pathologists and a consensus was reached. Follow-up for 43 patients (median 42 months, range 6-223 months) was available. Initial histological diagnosis was reformulated in 18 cases (26.8 %). Seven cases were reclassified as leiomyosarcoma, six as osteosarcoma, three as myxofibrosarcoma and one each as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma. One case showed a peculiar biphasic phenotype with epithelioid nests and myofibroblastic spindle cells. Among the remaining 48 cases, which met the WHO criteria for bone FS and bone MFH, we identified five subgroups. Seven cases were reclassified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and 11 as UPS with incomplete myogenic differentiation due to positivity for at least one myogenic marker. Six were reclassified as spindle cell sarcoma not otherwise specified. Among the remaining 24 cases, we identified a further two recurrent morphologic patterns: eight cases demonstrated a myoepithelioma-like phenotype and 16 cases a myofibroblastic phenotype. One of the myoepithelioma-like cases harboured a EWSR1-NFATC2 fusion. It appears that bone MFH and bone FS represent at best exclusion diagnoses.
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5. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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6. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(author)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
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In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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