| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
-
In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
-
In: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(author)
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Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
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| 6. |
- Antoniou, Antonis C., et al.
(author)
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Common alleles at 6q25.1 and 1p11.2 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2011
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In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 20:16, s. 3304-3321
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r(2) = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [ hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.23, P-trend = 4.5 x 10(-9) for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.40, P-trend = 1.3 x 10(-8) for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.
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| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
In: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 8. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(author)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
In: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 9. |
- Cruz, Jose Almeida, et al.
(author)
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RNA-Puzzles : A CASP-like evaluation of RNA three-dimensional structure prediction
- 2012
-
In: RNA. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1355-8382 .- 1469-9001. ; 18:4, s. 610-625
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the results of a first, collective, blind experiment in RNA three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, encompassing three prediction puzzles. The goals are to assess the leading edge of RNA structure prediction techniques; compare existing methods and tools; and evaluate their relative strengths, weaknesses, and limitations in terms of sequence length and structural complexity. The results should give potential users insight into the suitability of available methods for different applications and facilitate efforts in the RNA structure prediction community in ongoing efforts to improve prediction tools. We also report the creation of an automated evaluation pipeline to facilitate the analysis of future RNA structure prediction exercises.
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| 10. |
- De Luca, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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On the generalizability of diffusion MRI signal representations across acquisition parameters, sequences and tissue types : Chronicles of the MEMENTO challenge
- 2021
-
In: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 240
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has become an invaluable tool to assess the microstructural organization of brain tissue. Depending on the specific acquisition settings, the dMRI signal encodes specific properties of the underlying diffusion process. In the last two decades, several signal representations have been proposed to fit the dMRI signal and decode such properties. Most methods, however, are tested and developed on a limited amount of data, and their applicability to other acquisition schemes remains unknown. With this work, we aimed to shed light on the generalizability of existing dMRI signal representations to different diffusion encoding parameters and brain tissue types. To this end, we organized a community challenge - named MEMENTO, making available the same datasets for fair comparisons across algorithms and techniques. We considered two state-of-the-art diffusion datasets, including single-diffusion-encoding (SDE) spin-echo data from a human brain with over 3820 unique diffusion weightings (the MASSIVE dataset), and double (oscillating) diffusion encoding data (DDE/DODE) of a mouse brain including over 2520 unique data points. A subset of the data sampled in 5 different voxels was openly distributed, and the challenge participants were asked to predict the remaining part of the data. After one year, eight participant teams submitted a total of 80 signal fits. For each submission, we evaluated the mean squared error, the variance of the prediction error and the Bayesian information criteria. The received submissions predicted either multi-shell SDE data (37%) or DODE data (22%), followed by cartesian SDE data (19%) and DDE (18%). Most submissions predicted the signals measured with SDE remarkably well, with the exception of low and very strong diffusion weightings. The prediction of DDE and DODE data seemed more challenging, likely because none of the submissions explicitly accounted for diffusion time and frequency. Next to the choice of the model, decisions on fit procedure and hyperparameters play a major role in the prediction performance, highlighting the importance of optimizing and reporting such choices. This work is a community effort to highlight strength and limitations of the field at representing dMRI acquired with trending encoding schemes, gaining insights into how different models generalize to different tissue types and fiber configurations over a large range of diffusion encodings.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(author)
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Association of Cerebral Amyloid-β Aggregation With Cognitive Functioning in Persons Without Dementia.
- 2018
-
In: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 84-95
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early event in Alzheimer disease (AD). Understanding the association between amyloid aggregation and cognitive manifestation in persons without dementia is important for a better understanding of the course of AD and for the design of prevention trials.To investigate whether amyloid-β aggregation is associated with cognitive functioning in persons without dementia.This cross-sectional study included 2908 participants with normal cognition and 4133 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from 53 studies in the multicenter Amyloid Biomarker Study. Normal cognition was defined as having no cognitive concerns for which medical help was sought and scores within the normal range on cognitive tests. Mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed according to published criteria. Study inclusion began in 2013 and is ongoing. Data analysis was performed in January 2017.Global cognitive performance as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and episodic memory performance as assessed by a verbal word learning test. Amyloid aggregation was measured with positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and dichotomized as negative (normal) or positive (abnormal) according to study-specific cutoffs. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between amyloid aggregation and low cognitive scores (MMSE score ≤27 or memory z score≤-1.28) and to assess whether this association was moderated by age, sex, educational level, or apolipoprotein E genotype.Among 2908 persons with normal cognition (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [12.8] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory scores after age 70 years (mean difference in amyloid positive vs negative, 4% [95% CI, 0%-7%] at 72 years and 21% [95% CI, 10%-33%] at 90 years) but was not associated with low MMSE scores (mean difference, 3% [95% CI, -1% to 6%], P=.16). Among 4133 patients with MCI (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [8.5] years), amyloid positivity was associated with low memory (mean difference, 16% [95% CI, 12%-20%], P<.001) and low MMSE (mean difference, 14% [95% CI, 12%-17%], P<.001) scores, and this association decreased with age. Low cognitive scores had limited utility for screening of amyloid positivity in persons with normal cognition and those with MCI. In persons with normal cognition, the age-related increase in low memory score paralleled the age-related increase in amyloid positivity with an intervening period of 10 to 15 years.Although low memory scores are an early marker of amyloid positivity, their value as a screening measure for early AD among persons without dementia is limited.
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| 13. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence of cerebral amyloid pathology in persons without dementia: a meta-analysis.
- 2015
-
In: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 313:19, s. 1924-38
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cerebral amyloid-β aggregation is an early pathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD), starting decades before dementia onset. Estimates of the prevalence of amyloid pathology in persons without dementia are needed to understand the development of AD and to design prevention studies.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(author)
-
Megahertz-rate Ultrafast X-ray Scattering and Holographic Imaging at the European XFEL
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence, and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, we present the results from the first megahertz repetition rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL. We illustrate the experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at MHz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative examples, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Nevertheless, our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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| 17. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(author)
-
Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 1454-1464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Adamov, Alexander, et al.
(author)
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An analysis of lockergoga ransomware
- 2019
-
In: 2019 IEEE East-West Design and Test Symposium, EWDTS 2019. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728110035
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper contains an analysis of the LockerGoga ransomware that was used in the range of targeted cyberattacks in the first half of 2019 against Norsk Hydra-A world top 5 aluminum manufacturer, as well as the US chemical enterprises Hexion, and Momentive-Those companies are only the tip of the iceberg that reported the attack to the public. The ransomware was executed by attackers from inside a corporate network to encrypt the data on enterprise servers and, thus, taking down the information control systems. The intruders asked for a ransom to release a master key and decryption tool that can be used to decrypt the affected files. The purpose of the analysis is to find out tactics and techniques used by the LockerGoga ransomware during the cryptolocker attack as well as an encryption model to answer the question if the encrypted files can be decrypted with or without paying a ransom. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in an analysis methodology that is based on various reverse engineering techniques such as multi-process debugging and using open source code of a cryptographic library to find out a ransomware encryption model. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 21. |
- Bahr, Ahmed, et al.
(author)
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Quaternary diborides-improving the oxidation resistance of TiB2 +/- z coatings by disilicide alloying
- 2023
-
In: Materials Research Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2166-3831. ; 11:9, s. 733-741
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To overcome the limited oxidation resistance of the emerging class of transition metal borides, we suggest within this study novel quaternary diborides, Ti-TM-Si-B-2 +/- z (TM = Ta, Mo), achieving the compromise between excellent oxidation resistance and requirements of hard coatings. Single-phase AlB2-type structured Ti-TM-Si-B-2 +/- z films (3-5 mu m) are sputter-deposited from TiB2/TMSi2 targets. The Ti-Ta-Si-B-2 +/- z coatings exhibit 36 GPa in hardness, while maintaining strongly retarded oxidation kinetics till 1000 degrees C. Ti-Mo-Si-B-2 +/- z coatings preserve a hardness up to 27 GPa, although outperforming all their counterparts by featuring outstanding oxidation resistance with 440nm oxide scale thickness after 1 h at 1200 degrees C. First report on quaternary Ti-TM-Si-B-2 +/- z coatings stabilized in hexagonal AlB2-prototype structures. These hard coating materials exhibit unprecedented oxidation resistance up to 1200 degrees C due to the formation of Si-rich scales.
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| 22. |
- Bangalore, Sripal, et al.
(author)
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Management of Coronary Disease in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease.
- 2020
-
In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 382:17, s. 1608-1618
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease.METHODS: We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest.RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P = 0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P = 0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA-CKD ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01985360.).
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| 23. |
- Bernaczyk, Arkadiusz, et al.
(author)
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Investigations on the Characterization of Various Adhesive Joints by Means of Nanoindentation and Computer Tomography
- 2022
-
In: Materials. - : MDPI. - 1996-1944. ; 15:23, s. 8604-8604
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanical properties of cured wood adhesive films were tested in a dry state by means of nanoindentation. These studies have found that the application of adhesives have an effect on the accuracy of the hardness and elastic modulus determination. The highest values of hardness among the tested adhesives at 20 °C have condensation resins: MF (0.64 GPa) and RPF (0.52 GPa). Then the decreasing EPI (0.43 GPa), PUR (0.23 GPa) and PVAc (0.14 GPa) adhesives. The values of the elastic modulus look a little bit different. The highest values among the tested adhesives at 20 °C have EPI (11.97 GPa), followed by MF (10.54 GPa), RPF (7.98 GPa), PVAc (4.71 GPa) and PUR (3.37 GPa). X-ray micro-computed tomography was used to evaluate the adhesive joint by the determination of the voids. It has been proven that this value depends on the type of adhesive, glue quantity and reactivity. The highest values of the void ratio achieve the PUR (17.26%) adhesives, then PVAc (13.97%), RRF (6.88%), MF (1.78%) and EPI (0.03%). The ratio of the gaps increases with the higher joint thickness. A too high proportion of voids may weaken the adhesive joint.
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| 24. |
- Bielecki, Tomasz R., et al.
(author)
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A Bottom-Up Dynamic Model of Portfolio Credit Risk. Part I: Markov Copula Perspective
- 2014
-
In: Recent Advances in Financial Engineering 2012. - New Jersey London Hong Kong : World Scientific. - 9789814571630 ; , s. 25-49
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider a bottom-up Markovian copula model of portfolio credit risk where instantaneous contagion is possible in the form of simultaneous defaults. Due to the Markovian copula nature of the model, calibration of marginals and dependence parameters can be performed separately using a two-steps procedure, much like in a standard static copula set-up. In this sense this model solves the bottom-up top-down puzzle which the CDO industry had been trying to do for a long time. It can be applied to any dynamic credit issue like consistent valuation and hedging of CDSs, CDOs and counterparty risk on credit portfolios.
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| 25. |
- Bielecki, Tomasz R., et al.
(author)
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A Bottom-Up Dynamic Model of Portfolio Credit Risk. Part II: Common-Shock Interpretation, Calibration and Hedging Issues
- 2014
-
In: Recent Advances in Financial Engineering 2012. - New Jersey London Hong Kong : World Scientific. - 9789814571630 ; , s. 51-73
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we prove that the conditional dependence structure of default times in the Markov model of [4] belongs to the class of Marshall- Olkin copulas. This allows us to derive a factor representation in terms of “common-shocks”, the latter beeing able to trigger simultaneous defaults in some pre-specified groups of obligors. This representation depends on the current default state of the credit portfolio so that fast convolution pricing schemes can be exploited for pricing and hedging credit portfolio derivatives. As emphasized in [4], the innovative breakthrough of this dynamic bottom-up model is a suitable decoupling property between the dependence structure and the default marginals as in [10] (like in static copula models but here in a full-flesh dynamic “Markov copula” model). Given the fast deterministic pricing schemes of the present paper, the model can then be jointly calibrated to single-name and portfolio data in two steps, as opposed to a global joint optimization procedures involving all the model parameters at the same time which would be untractable numerically. We illustrate this numerically by results of calibration against market data from CDO tranches as well as individual CDS spreads. We also discuss hedging sensitivities computed in the models thus calibrated.
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| 26. |
- Bielecki, Tomasz R., et al.
(author)
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A Bottom-Up Dynamic Model of Portfolio Credit Risk with Stochastic Intensities and Random Recoveries
- 2014
-
In: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0361-0926 .- 1532-415X. ; 43:7, s. 1362-1389
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Bielecki et al. (2014a), the authors introduced a Markov copula model of portfolio credit risk where pricing and hedging can be done in a sound theoretical and practical way. Further theoretical backgrounds and practical details are developed in Bielecki et al. (2014b,c) where numerical illustrations assumed deterministic intensities and constant recoveries. In the present paper, we show how to incorporate stochastic default intensities and random recoveries in the bottom-up modeling framework of Bielecki et al. (2014a) while preserving numerical tractability. These two features are of primary importance for applications like CVA computations on credit derivatives (Assefa et al., 2011; Bielecki et al., 2012), as CVA is sensitive to the stochastic nature of credit spreads and random recoveries allow to achieve satisfactory calibration even for “badly behaved” data sets. This article is thus a complement to Bielecki et al. (2014a), Bielecki et al. (2014b) and Bielecki et al. (2014c).
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| 27. |
- Bielecki, Tomasz R., et al.
(author)
-
A Markov Copula Model of Portfolio Credit Risk with Stochastic Intensities and Random Recoveries
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In [4], the authors introduced a Markov copula model of portfolio credit risk. This model solves the top-down versus bottom-up puzzle in achieving efficient joint calibration to single-name CDS and to multi-name CDO tranches data. In [4], we studied a general model, that allows for stochastic default intensities and for random recoveries, and we conducted empirical study of our model using both deterministic and stochastic default intensities, as well as deterministic and random recoveries only. Since, in case of some “badly behaved” data sets a satisfactory calibration accuracy can only be achieved through the use of random recoveries, and, since for important applications, such as CVA computations for credit derivatives, the use of stochastic intensities is advocated by practitioners, efficient implementation of our model that would account for these two issues is very important. However, the details behind the implementation of the loss distribution in the case with random recoveries were not provided in [4]. Neither were the details on the stochastic default intensities given there. This paper is thus a complement to [4], with a focus on a detailed description of the methodology that we used so to implement these two model features: random recoveries and stochastic intensities.
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| 28. |
- Bielecki, Tomasz R., et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic Hedging of Portfolio Credit Risk in a Markov Copula Model
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-3239 .- 1573-2878. ; 161:1, s. 90-102
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We devise a bottom-up dynamic model of portfolio credit risk where instantaneous contagion is represented by the possibility of simultaneous defaults. Due to a Markovian copula nature of the model, calibration of marginals and dependence parameters can be performed separately using a two-step procedure, much like in a standard static copula setup. In this sense this solves the bottom-up top-down puzzle which the CDO industry had been trying to do for a long time. This model can be used for any dynamic portfolio credit risk issue, such as dynamic hedging of CDOs by CDSs, or CVA computations on credit portfolios.
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| 29. |
- Boldock, Emma, et al.
(author)
-
Human skin commensals augment Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis.
- 2018
-
In: Nature microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 3:8, s. 881-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- All bacterial infections occur within a polymicrobial environment, from which a pathogen population emerges to establish disease within a host. Emphasis has been placed on prevention of pathogen dominance by competing microflora acting as probiotics1. Here we show that the virulence of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is augmented by native, polymicrobial, commensal skin flora and individual species acting as 'proinfectious agents'. The outcome is pathogen proliferation, but not commensal. Pathogenesis augmentation can be mediated by particulate cell wall peptidoglycan, reducing the S. aureus infectious dose by over 1,000-fold. This phenomenon occurs using a range of S. aureus strains and infection models and is not mediated by established receptor-mediated pathways including Nod1, Nod2, Myd88 and the NLPR3 inflammasome. During mouse sepsis, augmentation depends on liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) that capture and internalize both the pathogen and the proinfectious agent, leading to reduced production of reactive oxygen species, pathogen survival and subsequent multiple liver abscess formation. The augmented infection model more closely resembles the natural situation and establishes the role of resident environmental microflora in the initiation of disease by an invading pathogen. As the human microflora is ubiquitous2, its role in increasing susceptibility to infection by S. aureus highlights potential strategies for disease prevention.
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| 30. |
- Botan, Alexandru, et al.
(author)
-
Toward Atomistic Resolution Structure of Phosphatidylcholine Headgroup and Glycerol Backbone at Different Ambient Conditions
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 119:49, s. 15075-15088
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phospholipids are essential building blocks of biological membranes. Despite a vast amount of very accurate experimental data, the atomistic resolution structures sampled by the glycerol backbone and choline headgroup in phoshatidylcholine bilayers are not known. Atomistic resolution molecular dynamics simulations have the potential to resolve the structures, and to give an arrestingly intuitive interpretation of the experimental data, but only if the simulations reproduce the data within experimental accuracy. In the present work, we simulated phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers with 13 different atomistic models, and compared simulations with NMR. experiments in terms of the highly structurally sensitive C-H bond vector order parameters. Focusing on the glycerol backbone and choline headgroups, we showed that the order parameter comparison can be used to judge the atomistic resolution structural accuracy of the models. Accurate models, in turn, allow molecular dynamics simulations to be used as an interpretation tool that translates these NMR data into a dynamic three-dimensional representation of biomolecules in biologically relevant conditions. In addition to lipid bilayers in fully hydrated conditions, we reviewed previous experimental data for dehydrated bilayers and cholesterol-containing bilayers, and interpreted them with simulations. Although none of the existing models reached experimental accuracy, by critically comparing them we were able to distill relevant chemical information: (1) increase of choline order parameters indicates the P-N vector tilting more parallel to the membrane, and (2) cholesterol induces only minor changes to the PC (glycerol backbone) structure. This work has been done as a fully open collaboration, using nmrlipids.blogspot.fi as a communication platform; all the scientific contributions were made publicly on this blog. During the open research process, the repository holding our simulation trajectories and files (https://zenodo.org/collection/user-nmrlipids) has become the most extensive publicly available collection of molecular dynamics simulation trajectories of lipid bilayers.
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| 31. |
- Brütt, Katharina, et al.
(author)
-
Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
- 2023
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
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| 32. |
- Dakovski, Georgi L., et al.
(author)
-
Anomalous femtosecond quasiparticle dynamics of hidden order state in URu(2)Si(2)
- 2011
-
In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:16, s. 161103-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- At T(0) = 17.5 K an exotic phase emerges from a heavy fermion state in URu(2)Si(2). The nature of this hidden order (HO) phase has so far evaded explanation. Formation of an unknown quasiparticle (QP) structure is believed to be responsible for the massive removal of entropy at the HO transition, however, experiments and ab initio calculations have been unable to reveal the essential character of the QP. Here we use femtosecond pump-probe time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) to elucidate the ultrafast dynamics of the QP. We show how the Fermi surface is renormalized by shifting states away from the Fermi level at specific locations, characterized by vector q(< 110 >) = 0.56 +/- 0.08 angstrom(-1). Measurements of the temperature-time response reveal that, upon entering the HO, the QP lifetime in those locations increases from 42 fs to few hundred fs. The formation of the long-lived QPs is identified here as a principal actor of the HO.
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| 33. |
- Das, Anirban, et al.
(author)
-
Combined immunotherapy improves outcome for replication repair deficient (RRD) high-grade glioma failing anti-PD1 monotherapy: A report from the International RRD Consortium.
- 2024
-
In: Cancer discovery. - 2159-8290. ; 14:2, s. 258-273
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI) is effective for replication-repair deficient, high-grade gliomas (RRD-HGG). Clinical/biologic impact of immune-directed approaches after failing ICI-monotherapy are unknown. We performed an international study on 75 patients treated with anti-PD1; 20 are progression-free (median follow-up: 3.7-years). After 2nd-progression/recurrence (n=55), continuing ICI-based salvage prolonged survival to 11.6-months (n=38; p<0.001), particularly for those with extreme mutation burden (p=0.03). Delayed, sustained responses were observed, associated with changes in mutational spectra and immune-microenvironment. Response to re-irradiation was explained by an absence of deleterious post-radiation indel signatures (ID8). Increased CTLA4-expression over time, and subsequent CTLA4-inhibition resulted in response/stable disease in 75%. RAS-MAPK-pathway inhibition led to reinvigoration of peripheral immune and radiological responses. Local (flare) and systemic immune adverse events were frequent (biallelic mismatch-repair deficiency > Lynch syndrome). We provide mechanistic rationale for the sustained benefit in RRD-HGG from immune-directed/ synergistic salvage therapies. Future approaches need to be tailored to patient and tumor biology.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Galván, Ignacio Fdez., et al.
(author)
-
OpenMolcas : From Source Code to Insight
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 15:11, s. 5925-5964
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this Article we describe the OpenMolcas environment and invite the computational chemistry community to collaborate. The open-source project already includes a large number of new developments realized during the transition from the commercial MOLCAS product to the open-source platform. The paper initially describes the technical details of the new software development platform. This is followed by brief presentations of many new methods, implementations, and features of the OpenMolcas program suite. These developments include novel wave function methods such as stochastic complete active space self-consistent field, density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods, and hybrid multiconfigurational wave function and density functional theory models. Some of these implementations include an array of additional options and functionalities. The paper proceeds and describes developments related to explorations of potential energy surfaces. Here we present methods for the optimization of conical intersections, the simulation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, and interfaces to tools for semiclassical and quantum mechanical nuclear dynamics. Furthermore, the Article describes features unique to simulations of spectroscopic and magnetic phenomena such as the exact semiclassical description of the interaction between light and matter, various X-ray processes, magnetic circular dichroism, and properties. Finally, the paper describes a number of built-in and add-on features to support the OpenMolcas platform with postcalculation analysis and visualization, a multiscale simulation option using frozen-density embedding theory, and new electronic and muonic basis sets.
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| 36. |
- Giacco, Domenico, et al.
(author)
-
Caregivers' appraisals of patients' involuntary hospital treatment : European multicentre study
- 2012
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : The Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 201:6, s. 486-491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Mental health policies emphasise that caregivers' views of involuntary psychiatric treatment should be taken into account. However, there is little evidence on how caregivers view such treatment.Aims: To explore caregivers' satisfaction with the involuntary hospital treatment of patients and what factors are associated with caregivers' appraisals of treatment.Method: A multicentre prospective study was carried out in eight European countries. Involuntarily admitted patients and their caregivers rated their appraisal of treatment using the Client Assessment of Treatment Scale 1 month after admission.Results: A total of 336 patients and their caregivers participated. Caregivers' appraisals of treatment were positive (mean of 8.5 on a scale from 0 to 10) and moderately correlated with patients' views. More positive caregivers' views were associated with greater patients' symptom improvement.Conclusions: Caregivers' appraisals of involuntary in-patient treatment are rather favourable. Their correlation with patients' symptom improvement may underline their relevance in clinical practice.
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| 37. |
- Hess, Timo, et al.
(author)
-
Dissecting the genetic heterogeneity of gastric cancer
- 2023
-
In: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 92
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is clinically heterogenous according to location (cardia/non-cardia) and histopathology (diffuse/intestinal). We aimed to characterize the genetic risk architecture of GC according to its subtypes. Another aim was to examine whether cardia GC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and its precursor lesion Barrett's oesophagus (BO), which are all located at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), share polygenic risk architecture.Methods: We did a meta-analysis of ten European genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of GC and its subtypes. All patients had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. For the identification of risk genes among GWAS loci we did a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) study from gastric corpus and antrum mucosa. To test whether cardia GC and OAC/BO share genetic aetiology we also used a European GWAS sample with OAC/BO.Findings: Our GWAS consisting of 5816 patients and 10,999 controls highlights the genetic heterogeneity of GC according to its subtypes. We newly identified two and replicated five GC risk loci, all of them with subtype-specific association. The gastric transcriptome data consisting of 361 corpus and 342 antrum mucosa samples revealed that an upregulated expression of MUC1, ANKRD50, PTGER4, and PSCA are plausible GC-pathomechanisms at four GWAS loci. At another risk locus, we found that the blood-group 0 exerts protective effects for non-cardia and diffuse GC, while blood-group A increases risk for both GC subtypes. Furthermore, our GWAS on cardia GC and OAC/BO (10,279 patients, 16,527 controls) showed that both cancer entities share genetic aetiology at the polygenic level and identified two new risk loci on the single-marker level.Interpretation: Our findings show that the pathophysiology of GC is genetically heterogenous according to location and histopathology. Moreover, our findings point to common molecular mechanisms underlying cardia GC and OAC/BO.
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| 38. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(author)
-
No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
-
In: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 39. |
- Hussain, Ghulam, et al.
(author)
-
Pentagonal nanowires from topological crystalline insulators : a platform for intrinsic core-shell nanowires and higher-order topology
- 2024
-
In: Nanoscale Horizons. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2055-6764 .- 2055-6756.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the experimental realization of Pb1-xSnx Te pentagonal nanowires (NWs) with [110] orientation using molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the structural stability of NWs of SnTe and PbTe in three different structural phases: cubic, pentagonal with [001] orientation and pentagonal with [110] orientation. Within a semiclassical approach, we show that the interplay between ionic and covalent bonds favors the formation of pentagonal NWs. Additionally, we find that this pentagonal structure is more likely to occur in tellurides than in selenides. The disclination and twin boundary cause the electronic states originating from the NW core region to generate a conducting band connecting the valence and conduction bands, creating a symmetry-enforced metallic phase. The metallic core band has opposite slopes in the cases of Sn and Te twin boundaries, while the bands from the shell are insulating. We finally study the electronic and topological properties of pentagonal NWs unveiling their potential as a new platform for higher-order topology and fractional charge. These pentagonal NWs represent a unique case of intrinsic core-shell one-dimensional nanostructures with distinct structural, electronic and topological properties between the core and the shell region. (a) Scanning transmission electron microscopy image of a pentagonal nanowire; the inset shows the disclination and core chain (CC). The red bands from the core connect the valence and conduction bands for (b) cation and (c) anion twin-boundaries.
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| 40. |
- Islam, Rajibul, et al.
(author)
-
Engineering axion insulator and other topological phases in superlattices without inversion symmetry
- 2023
-
In: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 107:12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study theoretically the interplay between magnetism and topology in three-dimensional HgTe/MnTe superlattices stacked along the (001) axis. Our results show the evolution of the magnetic topological phases with respect to the magnetic configurations. An axion insulator phase is observed for the antiferromagnetic order with the out-of-plane Néel vector direction below a critical thickness of MnTe, which is the ground state among all magnetic configurations. Defining T as the time-reversal symmetry, this axion insulator phase is protected by a magnetic twofold rotational symmetry C2⋅T. We find that the axion insulator phase evolves into a trivial insulator as we increase the number of the magnetic MnTe layers, and we present an estimate of the critical thickness of the MnTe film above which the axion insulator phase is absent. By switching the Néel vector direction into the ab plane, the system realizes different antiferromagnetic topological insulators depending on the thickness of MnTe. These phases feature gapless surface Dirac cones shifted away from high-symmetry points on surfaces perpendicular to the Néel vector direction of the magnetic layers. In the presence of ferromagnetism, the system realizes a magnetic Weyl semimetal and a ferromagnetic semimetal for out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization directions, respectively. We observe large anomalous Hall conductivity in the presence of ferromagnetism in the three-dimensional superlattice.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Janknecht, Rebecca, et al.
(author)
-
A Strategy to Enhance the B-Solubility and Mechanical Properties of Ti-B-N Thin Films
- 2024
-
In: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 271
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Ti–B–N system offers a wide range of possible meta(stable) phases, making it interesting for science and industry. However, the solubility for B within the face-centered cubic (fcc)-TiN lattice is rather limited and less studied, especially without forming B-rich phases. Therefore, we address how chemistries along the TiN–TiB2 or TiN–TiB tie-line influence this B-solubility. The variation between these two tie-lines is realized through non-reactive co-sputtering of a TiN, TiB2, and Ti target. We show that for variations along the TiN–TiB tie-line, even 8.9 at.% B (equivalent to 19.3 at.% non-metal fractions) can fully be incorporated into the fcc-TiNy lattice without forming other B-containing phases. The combination of detailed microstructural characterization through X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy with ab initio calculations of fcc-Ti1-xNBx, fcc-TiN1-xBx, and fcc-TiN1-2xBx solid solutions indicates that B essentially substitutes N.The single-phase fcc-TiB0.17N0.69 (the highest B-containing sample along the TiN–TiB tie-line studied) exhibits the highest hardness H of 37.1±1.9 GPa combined with the highest fracture toughness KIC of 3.0±0.2 MPa·m1/2 among the samples studied. These are markedly above those of B-free TiN0.87 having H = 29.2±2.1 GPa and KIC = 2.7±<0.1 MPa·m1/2.
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| 43. |
- Jansen, Willemijn J, et al.
(author)
-
Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum.
- 2022
-
In: JAMA neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6157 .- 2168-6149. ; 79:3, s. 228-243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One characteristic histopathological event in Alzheimer disease (AD) is cerebral amyloid aggregation, which can be detected by biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and on positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Prevalence estimates of amyloid pathology are important for health care planning and clinical trial design.To estimate the prevalence of amyloid abnormality in persons with normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia and to examine the potential implications of cutoff methods, biomarker modality (CSF or PET), age, sex, APOE genotype, educational level, geographical region, and dementia severity for these estimates.This cross-sectional, individual-participant pooled study included participants from 85 Amyloid Biomarker Study cohorts. Data collection was performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Participants had normal cognition, subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or clinical AD dementia. Normal cognition and subjective cognitive decline were defined by normal scores on cognitive tests, with the presence of cognitive complaints defining subjective cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment and clinical AD dementia were diagnosed according to published criteria.Alzheimer disease biomarkers detected on PET or in CSF.Amyloid measurements were dichotomized as normal or abnormal using cohort-provided cutoffs for CSF or PET or by visual reading for PET. Adjusted data-driven cutoffs for abnormal amyloid were calculated using gaussian mixture modeling. Prevalence of amyloid abnormality was estimated according to age, sex, cognitive status, biomarker modality, APOE carrier status, educational level, geographical location, and dementia severity using generalized estimating equations.Among the 19097 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.1 [9.8] years; 10148 women [53.1%]) included, 10139 (53.1%) underwent an amyloid PET scan and 8958 (46.9%) had an amyloid CSF measurement. Using cohort-provided cutoffs, amyloid abnormality prevalences were similar to 2015 estimates for individuals without dementia and were similar across PET- and CSF-based estimates (24%; 95% CI, 21%-28%) in participants with normal cognition, 27% (95% CI, 21%-33%) in participants with subjective cognitive decline, and 51% (95% CI, 46%-56%) in participants with mild cognitive impairment, whereas for clinical AD dementia the estimates were higher for PET than CSF (87% vs 79%; mean difference, 8%; 95% CI, 0%-16%; P=.04). Gaussian mixture modeling-based cutoffs for amyloid measures on PET scans were similar to cohort-provided cutoffs and were not adjusted. Adjusted CSF cutoffs resulted in a 10% higher amyloid abnormality prevalence than PET-based estimates in persons with normal cognition (mean difference, 9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.004), subjective cognitive decline (9%; 95% CI, 3%-15%; P=.005), and mild cognitive impairment (10%; 95% CI, 3%-17%; P=.004), whereas the estimates were comparable in persons with clinical AD dementia (mean difference, 4%; 95% CI, -2% to 9%; P=.18).This study found that CSF-based estimates using adjusted data-driven cutoffs were up to 10% higher than PET-based estimates in people without dementia, whereas the results were similar among people with dementia. This finding suggests that preclinical and prodromal AD may be more prevalent than previously estimated, which has important implications for clinical trial recruitment strategies and health care planning policies.
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| 44. |
- Jones, Steven, 1990, et al.
(author)
-
Strong Transient Flows Generated by Thermoplasmonic Bubble Nucleation
- 2020
-
In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 14:12, s. 17468-17475
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The challenge of inducing and controlling localized fluid flows for generic force actuation and for achieving efficient mass transport in microfluidics is key to the development of next-generation miniaturized systems for chemistry and life sciences. Here we demonstrate a methodology for the robust generation and precise quantification of extremely strong flow transients driven by vapor bubble nucleation on spatially isolated plasmonic nanoantennas excited by light. The system is capable of producing peak flow speeds of the order mm/s at modulation rates up to ∼100 Hz in water, thus allowing for a variety of high-throughput applications. Analysis of flow dynamics and fluid viscosity dependence indicates that the transient originates in the rapid bubble expansion that follows nucleation rather than being strictly thermocapillary in nature.
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| 45. |
- Kalisova, Lucie, et al.
(author)
-
Do patient and ward-related characteristics influence the use of coercive measures? : Results from the EUNOMIA international study
- 2014
-
In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 49:10, s. 1619-1629
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to identify whether selected patient and ward-related factors are associated with the use of coercive measures. Data were collected as part of the EUNOMIA international collaborative study on the use of coercive measures in ten European countries.Involuntarily admitted patients (N = 2,027) were divided into two groups. The first group (N = 770) included patients that had been subject to at least one of these coercive measures during hospitalization: restraint, and/or seclusion, and/or forced medication; the other group (N = 1,257) included patients who had not received any coercive measure during hospitalization. To identify predictors of use of coercive measures, both patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and centre-related characteristics were tested in a multivariate logistic regression model, controlled for countries' effect.The frequency of the use of coercive measures varied significantly across countries, being higher in Poland, Italy and Greece. Patients who received coercive measures were more frequently male and with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder (F20-F29). According to the regression model, patients with higher levels of psychotic and hostility symptoms, and of perceived coercion had a higher risk to be coerced at admission. Controlling for countries' effect, the risk of being coerced was higher in Poland. Patients' sociodemographic characteristics and ward-related factors were not identifying as possible predictors because they did not enter the model.The use of coercive measures varied significantly in the participating countries. Clinical factors, such as high levels of psychotic symptoms and high levels of perceived coercion at admission were associated with the use of coercive measures, when controlling for countries' effect. These factors should be taken into consideration by programs aimed at reducing the use of coercive measures in psychiatric wards.
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| 46. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 47. |
- Marto, João Pedro, et al.
(author)
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Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.
- 2023
-
In: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- COVID-19-related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower the efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with AIS and COVID-19.This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with AIS receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021 tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. With a doubly robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT).Of a total of 15,128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19; of those, 5,848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only and 9,280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour mortality (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86), and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33). Patients with COVID-19 also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60).Patients with AIS and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 patients receiving treatment. Current available data do not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in patients with COVID-19 or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring, and establishing prognosis.The study was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04895462.
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| 48. |
- Orlecka-Sikora, Beata, et al.
(author)
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An open data infrastructure for the study of anthropogenic hazards linked to georesource exploitation
- 2020
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In: Scientific Data. - : Springer. - 2052-4463. ; 7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mining, water-reservoir impoundment, underground gas storage, geothermal energy exploitation and hydrocarbon extraction have the potential to cause rock deformation and earthquakes, which may be hazardous for people, infrastructure and the environment. Restricted access to data constitutes a barrier to assessing and mitigating the associated hazards. Thematic Core Service Anthropogenic Hazards (TCS AH) of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) provides a novel e-research infrastructure. The core of this infrastructure, the IS-EPOS Platform (tcs.ah-epos.eu) connected to international data storage nodes offers open access to large grouped datasets (here termed episodes), comprising geoscientific and associated data from industrial activity along with a large set of embedded applications for their efficient data processing, analysis and visualization. The novel team-working features of the IS-EPOS Platform facilitate collaborative and interdisciplinary scientific research, public understanding of science, citizen science applications, knowledge dissemination, data-informed policy-making and the teaching of anthropogenic hazards related to georesource exploitation. TCS AH is one of 10 thematic core services forming EPOS, a solid earth science European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) (www.epos-ip.org).
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| 49. |
- Polley, Craig M., et al.
(author)
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Fragility of the Dirac Cone Splitting in Topological Crystalline Insulator Heterostructures
- 2018
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In: ACS Nano. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 12:1, s. 617-626
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The "double Dirac cone" 2D topological interface states found on the (001) faces of topological crystalline insulators such as Pb1-xSnxSe feature degeneracies located away from time reversal invariant momenta and are a manifestation of both mirror symmetry protection and valley interactions. Similar shifted degeneracies in 1D interface states have been highlighted as a potential basis for a topological transistor, but realizing such a device will require a detailed understanding of the intervalley physics involved. In addition, the operation of this or similar devices outside of ultrahigh vacuum will require encapsulation, and the consequences of this for the topological interface state must be understood. Here we address both topics for the case of 2D surface states using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We examine bulk Pb1-xSnxSe(001) crystals overgrown with PbSe, realizing trivial/topological heterostructures. We demonstrate that the valley interaction that splits the two Dirac cones at each (X) over bar is extremely sensitive to atomic-scale details of the surface, exhibiting non-monotonic changes as PbSe deposition proceeds. This includes an apparent total collapse of the splitting for sub-monolayer coverage, eliminating the Lifshitz transition. For a large overlayer thickness we observe quantized PbSe states, possibly reflecting a symmetry confinement mechanism at the buried topological interface.
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| 50. |
- Sapota, Tomasz, et al.
(author)
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A late Cenozoic Earth’s crust and climate dynamics record from Lake Baikal
- 2004
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In: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 32:4, s. 341-349
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The sedimentary record from Lake Baikal (Siberia, Russia) has been an important source of information about paleoclimatic variability in the northern hemisphere and dynamics of continental rift development. A lack of reliable chronology has, however, been a major obstacle to fully utilizing the Baikal archive for time scales beyond about 4-5 Myr. In this paper we use the distribution of 10Be to establish a new chronology for the longest core drilled in Lake Baikal so far. The 10Be-based chronology spans the last 8 Myr and provides better constraints on sedimentation rates and consequently on an east-west tectonic extension in the lake, which has been apparently coeval with other rifts in Asia that are related to the Tibetan plateau uplift. Our data also show higher 10Be flux in the sediment section older then 5 Myr compared with the younger period. This can be explained partly by warm and humid climatic conditions of the Miocene and partly by a high cosmic ray flux to the Earth resulting from possible low geomagnetic field intensity during that time.
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