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1.
  • Patrignani, C., et al. (author)
  • REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS : Particle Data Group
  • 2016
  • In: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 40:10
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.
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2.
  • Olive, K. A., et al. (author)
  • REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
  • 2014
  • In: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 38:9
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
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3.
  • Beringer, J., et al. (author)
  • REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
  • 2012
  • In: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 86:1, s. 010001-
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, V-cb & V-ub, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov.
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4.
  • Nakamura, K., et al. (author)
  • Review Of Particle Physics
  • 2010
  • In: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 37:7A, s. 1-1422
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.1b1.gov.
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5.
  • Amsler, C., et al. (author)
  • Review of particle physics
  • 2008
  • In: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 667:1-5, s. 1-1
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
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6.
  • Revel, A., et al. (author)
  • Extending the Southern Shore of the Island of Inversion to F-28
  • 2020
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 124:15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Detailed spectroscopy of the neutron-unbound nucleus F-28 has been performed for the first time following proton/neutron removal from Ne-29/F-29 beams at energies around 230 MeV=nucleon. The invariant-mass spectra were reconstructed for both the F-27((*)) + n and F-26((*)) + 2n coincidences and revealed a series of well-defined resonances. A near-threshold state was observed in both reactions and is identified as the F-28 ground state, with S-n(F-28) = -199(6) keV, while analysis of the 2n decay channel allowed a considerably improved S-n(F-27) = 1620(60) keV to be deduced. Comparison with shell-model predictions and eikonal-model reaction calculations have allowed spin-parity assignments to be proposed for some of the lower-lying levels of F-28. Importantly, in the case of the ground state, the reconstructed F-27 + n momentum distribution following neutron removal from F-29 indicates that it arises mainly from the 1p(3/2) neutron intruder configuration. This demonstrates that the island of inversion around N = 20 includes F-28, and most probably F-29, and suggests that O-28 is not doubly magic.
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7.
  • Browne, F., et al. (author)
  • Pairing Forces Govern Population of Doubly Magic Ca-54 from Direct Reactions
  • 2021
  • In: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 126:25
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Direct proton-knockout reactions of Sc-55 at similar to 220 MeV/nucleon were studied at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Populated states of Ca-54 were investigated through -ray and invariant-mass spectroscopy. Level energies were calculated from the nuclear shell model employing a phenomenological intemucleon interaction. Theoretical cross sections to states were calculated from distorted-wave impulse approximation estimates multiplied by the shell model spectroscopic factors, which describe the wave function overlap of the Sc-55 ground state with states in Ca-54. Despite the calculations showing a significant amplitude of excited neutron configurations in the ground-state of Sc-55, valence proton removals populated predominantly the ground state of Ca-54. This counterintuitive result is attributed to pairing effects leading to a dominance of the ground-state spectroscopic factor. Owing to the ubiquity of the pairing interaction, this argument should be generally applicable to direct knockout reactions from odd-even to even-even nuclei.
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8.
  • Hagiwara, K, et al. (author)
  • Review of particle physics
  • 2002
  • In: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 66:1
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review) Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website http //pdg 1b1 gov.
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9.
  • Bickerton, A. S. T., et al. (author)
  • Adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in insulin-resistant men
  • 2008
  • In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 51:8, s. 1466-1474
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis Increased NEFA production and concentrations may underlie insulin resistance. We examined systemic and adipose tissue NEFA metabolism in insulin-resistant overweight men (BM1 25-35 kg/m(2)). Methods In a cohort study we examined NEFA concentrations in men in the upper quartile of fasting insulin (n = 124) and in men with fasting insulin below the median (n 159). In a metabolic study we examined NEFA metabolism in the fasting and postprandial states, in ten insulin-resistant men and ten controls. Results In the cohort study, fasting NEFA concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups (median values: insulin-resistant men, 410 mu mol/l; controls, 445 2 mu mol/l). However, triacylglycerol concentrations differed markedly (1.84 vs 1.18 mmol/l respectively, p<0.001). In the metabolic study, arterial NEFA concentrations again did not differ between groups, whereas triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly higher in insulin-resistant men. Systemic NEFA production and the release of NEFA from subcutaneous adipose tissue, expressed per unit of fat mass, were both reduced in insulin-resistant men compared with controls (fasting values by 32%, p=0.02, and 44%, p=0.04 respectively). 3-Hydroxybutyrate concentrations, an index of hepatic fat oxidation and ketogenesis, were lower (p=0.03). Conclusions/interpretation Adipose tissue NEFA output is not increased (per unit weight of tissue) in insulin resistance. On the contrary, it appears to be suppressed by high fasting insulin concentrations. Alterations in triacylglycerol metabolism are more marked than those in NEFA metabolism. and are indicative of altered metabolic partitioning of fatty acids (decreased oxidation, increased esterification) in the liver.
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  • Chatillon, A., et al. (author)
  • Accurate measurements of fission-fragment yields in U-234,U-235,U-236,U-238(gamma,f) with the SOFIA set-up
  • 2016
  • In: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. - 9782759819706 ; 111
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • SOFIA (Studies On Fission with Aladin) is a new experimental set-up dedicated to accurate measurement of fission-fragments isotopic yields. It is located at GSI, the only place to use inverse kinematics at relativistic energies in order to study the (gamma,f) electromagnetic-induced fission. The SOFIA set-up is a large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer, which allows to fully identify both fission fragments in coincidence on the whole fission-fragment range. This paper will report on fission yields obtained in U-234,U-235,U-236,U-238(gamma,f) reactions.
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15.
  • Denison, H, et al. (author)
  • Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibition with AZD7687 alters lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut with intolerable side effects : a randomized clinical trial
  • 2014
  • In: Diabetes, obesity and metabolism. - : Wiley. - 1462-8902 .- 1463-1326. ; 16:4, s. 334-343
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AIM:Inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a potential treatment modality for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, based on preclinical data suggesting it is associated with insulin sensitization and weight loss. This randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study in 62 overweight men explored the effects and tolerability of AZD7687, a reversible and selective DGAT1 inhibitor.METHODS:Multiple doses of AZD7687 (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/day, n = 6 or n = 12 for each) or placebo (n = 20) were administered for 1 week. Postprandial serum triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured for 8 hours after a standardized 45% fat meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were measured and a paracetamol challenge was performed to assess gastric emptying.RESULTS:Dose-dependent reductions in postprandial serum TAG were demonstrated with AZD7687 doses ≥5 mg compared with placebo (p < 0.01). Significant (p < 0.001) increases in plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels were seen at these doses, but no clear effect on gastric emptying was demonstrated at end of treatment. With AZD7687doses >5 mg/day, gastrointestinal (GI) side effects increased; 11/18 of these participants discontinued treatment owing to diarrhoea.CONCLUSIONS:Altered lipid handling and hormone secretion in the gut were demonstrated during 1-week treatment with the DGAT1 inhibitor AZD7687. However, the apparent lack of therapeutic window owing to GI side effects of AZD7687, particularly diarrhoea, makes the utility of DGAT1 inhibition as a novel treatment for diabetes and obesity questionable.
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16.
  • Grente, L., et al. (author)
  • The SOFIA experiment: Measurement of 236U fission fragment yields in inverse kinematics
  • 2016
  • In: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. ; 122:01006
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The SOFIA (Studies On FIssion with Aladin) experiment aims at measuring fission-fragments isotopic yields with high accuracy using inverse kinematics at relativistic energies. This experimental technique allows to fully identify the fission fragments in nuclear charge and mass number, thus providing very accurate isotopic yields for low energy fission of a large variety of fissioning systems. This report focuses on the latest results obtained with this set-up concerning electromagnetic-induced fission of 236U.
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17.
  • Hagmar, L, et al. (author)
  • Health effects of occupational exposure to acrylamide using hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of internal dose
  • 2001
  • In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 27:4, s. 219-226
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the health effects of occupational acrylamide exposure using hemoglobin (Hb) adducts as biomarkers of internal dose. METHODS: Two hundred and ten tunnel workers exposed for about 2 months to a chemical-grouting agent containing acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide underwent a health examination. Blood samples were drawn for the analysis of Hb adducts of acrylamide. Fifty workers claiming recently developed or deteriorated symptoms of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were referred to a neurophysiological examination. Workers with Hb-adduct levels exceeding 0.3 nmol/g globin attended follow-up examinations 6, 12, and 18 months after exposure cessation. RESULTS: Forty-seven workers had Hb-adduct levels within the normal background range (0.02-0.07 nmol/g globin), while the remaining 163 had increased levels up to a maximum of 17.7 nmol/g globin. Clear-cut dose-response associations were found between the Hb-adduct levels and PNS symptoms. Thirty-nine percent of those with Hb-adduct levels exceeding 1 nmol/g globin experienced tingling or numbness in their hands or feet. A no-observed adverse effect level of 0.51 nmol/g globin was estimated for numbness or tingling in the feet or legs. For 23 workers there was strong evidence of PNS impairment due to occupational exposure to acrylamide. All but two had recovered 18 months after the cessation of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to a grouting agent containing acrylamide resulted in PNS symptoms and signs. The use of Hb adducts of acrylamide as a biomarker of internal dose revealed strong dose-response associations. The PNS symptoms were, however, generally mild, and in almost all cases they were reversible.
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  • Kesteloot, N., et al. (author)
  • Deformation and mixing of coexisting shapes in neutron-deficient polonium isotopes
  • 2015
  • In: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 92:5
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Coulomb-excitation experiments are performed with postaccelerated beams of neutron-deficient Po-196,Po-198,Po-200,Po-202 isotopes at the REX-ISOLDE facility. A set of matrix elements, coupling the low-lying states in these isotopes, is extracted. In the two heaviest isotopes, Po-196,Po-198, the transitional and diagonal matrix elements of the 2(1)(+) state are determined. In Po-196,Po-198 multistep Coulomb excitation is observed, populating the 4(1)(+), 0(2)(+), and 2(2)(+) states. The experimental results are compared to the results from the measurement of mean-square charge radii in polonium isotopes, confirming the onset of deformation from Po-196 onwards. Three model descriptions are used to compare to the data. Calculations with the beyond-mean-field model, the interacting boson model, and the general Bohr Hamiltonian model show partial agreement with the experimental data. Finally, calculations with a phenomenological two-level mixing model hint at the mixing of a spherical structure with a weakly deformed rotational structure.
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  • Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al. (author)
  • The Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE): an overview of operated childhood cataract in Sweden and Denmark
  • 2018
  • In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 96:1, s. 51-55
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: To report basic epidemiological data concerning surgically treated childhood cataract in Sweden and Denmark. Methods: Data were derived from the Paediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), a binational, web-based surgical register representing Sweden and Denmark. All children operated before 8years of age between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 were included. Age-specific prevalence per 100000 population was calculated. Results: A total 574 operations in 213 boys (51.7%) and 199 girls (48.3%), altogether 412 children, were registered, the vast majority (n=395/412; 95.9%) being individuals with congenital/infantile cataract. Of these 412, a total of 294 (147 boys and 147 girls) were Swedish and 118 (66 boys and 52 girls) were Danish. The age-specific prevalence of operated cataract in Sweden was 31/100 000 and in Denmark 28/100 000. In 454 of 574 eyes (79.1%), the cataract was dense. Altogether, 266 of 574 (46.3%) were operated during the first year of life, 193 during the first 12weeks representing 33.6% of all operations. A primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was done in altogether 411 of 574 eyes (71,6%). In total, 210 unilateral cataract operations (210/574; 36.6%) were performed. Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) was present in 64 of 193 (33.1%) of those with a congenital unilateral cataract. In 84 individuals (84/395; 21.3%) with congenital or infantile cataract, a coexisting disorder was found. Conclusion: The age-specific binational prevalence of operated congenital/infantile cataract in Sweden and Denmark is 30/100000. About half of the operations are performed within the first year of life, one-third within the first 3months. In our study population, a primary IOL was implanted in the majority of cases. © 2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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  • Parikh, Hemang, et al. (author)
  • TXNIP regulates peripheral glucose metabolism in humans
  • 2007
  • In: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676. ; 4:5, s. 868-879
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and action. Impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is believed to be one of the earliest features in the natural history of T2DM, although underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Methods and Findings We combined human insulin/glucose clamp physiological studies with genome-wide expression profiling to identify thioredoxin interacting protein ( TXNIP) as a gene whose expression is powerfully suppressed by insulin yet stimulated by glucose. In healthy individuals, its expression was inversely correlated to total body measures of glucose uptake. Forced expression of TXNIP in cultured adipocytes significantly reduced glucose uptake, while silencing with RNA interference in adipocytes and in skeletal muscle enhanced glucose uptake, confirming that the gene product is also a regulator of glucose uptake. TXNIP expression is consistently elevated in the muscle of prediabetics and diabetics, although in a panel of 4,450 Scandinavian individuals, we found no evidence for association between common genetic variation in the TXNIP gene and T2DM. Conclusions TXNIP regulates both insulin-dependent and insulin- independent pathways of glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. Combined with recent studies that have implicated TXNIP in pancreatic beta-cell glucose toxicity, our data suggest that TXNIP might play a key role in defective glucose homeostasis preceding overt T2DM.
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  • Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al. (author)
  • Development and validation of a new clinical decision support tool to optimize screening for retinopathy of prematurity
  • 2022
  • In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 106:11, s. 1573-1580
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND/AIMS: Prematurely born infants undergo costly, stressful eye examinations to uncover the small fraction with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that needs treatment to prevent blindness. The aim was to develop a prediction tool (DIGIROP-Screen) with 100% sensitivity and high specificity to safely reduce screening of those infants not needing treatment. DIGIROP-Screen was compared with four other ROP models based on longitudinal weights.METHODS: Data, including infants born at 24-30 weeks of gestational age (GA), for DIGIROP-Screen development (DevGroup, N=6991) originate from the Swedish National Registry for ROP. Three international cohorts comprised the external validation groups (ValGroups, N=1241). Multivariable logistic regressions, over postnatal ages (PNAs) 6-14 weeks, were validated. Predictors were birth characteristics, status and age at first diagnosed ROP and essential interactions.RESULTS: ROP treatment was required in 287 (4.1%)/6991 infants in DevGroup and 49 (3.9%)/1241 in ValGroups. To allow 100% sensitivity in DevGroup, specificity at birth was 53.1% and cumulatively 60.5% at PNA 8 weeks. Applying the same cut-offs in ValGroups, specificities were similar (46.3% and 53.5%). One infant with severe malformations in ValGroups was incorrectly classified as not needing screening. For all other infants, at PNA 6-14 weeks, sensitivity was 100%. In other published models, sensitivity ranged from 88.5% to 100% and specificity ranged from 9.6% to 45.2%.CONCLUSIONS: DIGIROP-Screen, a clinical decision support tool using readily available birth and ROP screening data for infants born GA 24-30 weeks, in the European and North American populations tested can safely identify infants not needing ROP screening. DIGIROP-Screen had equal or higher sensitivity and specificity compared with other models. DIGIROP-Screen should be tested in any new cohort for validation and if not validated it can be modified using the same statistical approaches applied to a specific clinical setting.
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  • Pivodic, Aldina, 1978, et al. (author)
  • Validation of DIGIROP models and decision support tool for prediction of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity on a contemporary Swedish cohort
  • 2023
  • In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 107:8, s. 1132-1138
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background/Aims Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is currently diagnosed through repeated eye examinations to find the low percentage of infants that fulfil treatment criteria to reduce vision loss. A prediction model for severe ROP requiring treatment that might sensitively and specifically identify infants that develop severe ROP, DIGIROP-Birth, was developed using birth characteristics. DIGIROP-Screen additionally incorporates first signs of ROP in different models over time. The aim was to validate DIGIROP-Birth, DIGIROP-Screen and their decision support tool on a contemporary Swedish cohort. Methods Data were retrieved from the Swedish national registry for ROP (2018-2019) and two Swedish regions (2020), including 1082 infants born at gestational age (GA) 24 to <31 weeks. The predictors were GA at birth, sex, standardised birth weight and age at the first sign of ROP. The outcome was ROP treatment. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI were described. Results For DIGIROP-Birth, the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.95); for DIGIROP-Screen, it ranged between 0.93 and 0.97. The specificity was 49.9% (95% CI 46.7 to 53.0) and the sensitivity was 96.5% (95% CI 87.9 to 99.6) for the tool applied at birth. For DIGIROP-Screen, the cumulative specificity ranged between 50.0% and 78.7%. One infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome who fulfilled criteria for ROP treatment and had no missed/incomplete examinations was incorrectly flagged as not needing screening. Conclusions DIGIROP-Birth and DIGIROP-Screen showed high predictive ability in a contemporary Swedish cohort. At birth, 50% of the infants born at 24 to <31 weeks of gestation were predicted to have low risk of severe ROP and could potentially be released from ROP screening examinations. All routinely screened treated infants, excluding those screened for clinical indications of severe illness, were correctly flagged as needing ROP screening.
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  • Bott, Lukas Thomas, et al. (author)
  • Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12
  • 2023
  • In: NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 279
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 within the FAIR Phase-0 program at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. From this we will extract the photon dissociation cross section O-16(alpha,gamma)C-12, which is the time reversed reaction to C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. With this indirect method, we aim to improve on the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies than measured so far. The expected low cross section for the Coulomb dissociation reaction and close magnetic rigidity of beam and fragments demand a high precision measurement. Hence, new detector systems were built and radical changes to the (RB)-B-3 setup were necessary to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam. All tracking detectors were designed to let the unreacted O-16 ions pass, while detecting the C-12 and He-4.
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  • Eklöf, Mats, 1953, et al. (author)
  • Feedback of workplace data to individual workers, workgroups or supervisors as a way to stimulate working environment activity: a cluster randomized controlled study.
  • 2004
  • In: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 77:7, s. 505-14
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To test whether feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working-environment data during one short session with individual, groups or supervisors of white-collar computer workers had an effect on activity to modify workplace design, working technique and psychosocial aspects of work. METHODS: A total of 36 workgroups from nine organizations representing different trades was randomized (stratified for organization) to three feedback conditions or control with no feedback. Data were collected 1 month before and 6 months after feedback sessions. The effects studied were: (1) change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification regarding workplace design or working technique; (2) change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification regarding psychosocial aspects; (3) average number of modification types regarding workplace design or working technique per individual in a workgroup; (4) average number of modification types regarding psychosocial aspects per individual in a workgroup. RESULTS: All feedback conditions differed positively from controls regarding change in the proportion of workgroup members who reported any modification in workplace design or working technique. No such effect was found for psychosocial aspects. For change in average number of psychosocial modification types per individual in a workgroup an effect was observed for feedback to supervisors. No intervention effect was observed for the average number of modifications in workplace design or working technique per individual in a workgroup. CONCLUSION: Feedback and discussion of ergonomic and psychosocial working-environment data during one short session with individual, groups or supervisors of white-collar computer workers may have a positive effect on how many people in a workgroup modify (or have modifications done regarding) workplace design and working technique. Feedback to supervisors may have an effect on the average number of psychosocial modification types per individual in a workgroup. Feedback to group supervisors appeared to be the most cost-effective variant.
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  • Hagberg, Mats, 1951, et al. (author)
  • Incidence of self-reported reduced productivity owing to musculoskeletal symptoms: association with workplace and individual factors among computer users.
  • 2007
  • In: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 50:11, s. 1820-34
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and identify possible risk factors for self-reported reduced productivity owing to musculoskeletal symptoms among computer users. DESIGN: a cohort study with a baseline questionnaire and monthly follow ups during 10 months. METHODS: the study base consisted of 1,283 computer users, 636 men and 896 women. Ergonomists observed workstation characteristics before entering the cohort. Cases were defined as subjects reporting reduced productivity or reporting being on sick leave owing to musculoskeletal symptoms. RESULTS: women had approximately two times the incidence of self-reported reduced productivity owing to symptoms in the neck, shoulder and in the forearm/hand than men. There was no difference in gender for the incidence of self-reported reduced productivity owing to back symptoms. Working overtime and job demands were risk factors for self-reported reduced productivity owing to neck and back symptoms. Physical exercise fewer than 8 times the last month was a risk factor for self-reported reduced productivity owing to neck, shoulder and forearm/hand symptoms. Computer mouse use for more than 0.5 h/day was a risk factor for self-reported reduced productivity owing to shoulder and forearm/hand symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: risk factors for self-reported reduced productivity owing to musculoskeletal symptoms included life style factors, such as overweight and low physical exercise, occupational factors, such as overtime, job demands and computer mouse operating time.
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32.
  • Holmström, Gerd E., et al. (author)
  • Swedish National Register for Retinopathy of Prematurity (SWEDROP) and the Evaluation of Screening in Sweden
  • 2012
  • In: Archives of Ophthalmology. - Chicago, USA : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-9950. ; 130:11, s. 1418-1424
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: To evaluate screening for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sweden and to investigate possible modifications of the present screening guidelines. Methods: Infants in Sweden with a gestational age (GA) of 31 weeks + 6 days or less are screened for ROP. Data from the Swedish national register for ROP (SWEDROP) during 2008 and 2009 were extracted and compared with a national perinatal quality register. Results: In SWEDROP, there were 1791 infants born before a GA of 32weeks from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2009. Another 70 infants were registered in the perinatal quality register but not in SWEDROP (drop-out rate, 3.8% [70 of 1861 infants]). Seven infants died before termination of screening. In the final study cohort (1784 infants), 15.6% had mild ROP and 8.5% had severe ROP. Treatment was performed in 4.4% of the infants, none of whom had a GA at birth of more than 28 weeks. Nine infants with a GA of more than 28 weeks at birth developed stage 3 ROP, which regressed spontaneously. The total number of examinations was 9286 (964 in infants with a GA of 31 weeks), and the mean (range) number of examinations of each infant was 5.2 (1-30). Conclusions: The SWEDROP, a quality register for ROP, has a national coverage (ie, participation) of 96%. Data from 2008 to 2009 show that it seems possible to reduce the upper limit for screening in Sweden by 1 week, including only infants with a GA of 30 weeks + 6 days or less. However, such a change should be combined with a strong recommendation to neonatologists to refer also severely ill and more "mature" infants.
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33.
  • Holmström, Gerd, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of new guidelines for ROP screening in Sweden using SWEDROP - a national quality register
  • 2015
  • In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 93:3, s. 265-268
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PurposeTo investigate whether recent Swedish guidelines for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening, that is, a gestational age (GA) at birth of <31weeks (w), are applicable in a new national cohort of prematurely born infants. MethodsSWEDROP is a national register for ROP, initiated in 2006. The present paper reports on data from the register on various aspects of screening for ROP in infants born between 2010 and 2011 and compares the results with those for a previously published cohort born between 2008 and 2009. ResultsDuring the study period, 1744 infants were screened for ROP. Mean GA was 28.4w (22-31), and mean birth weight was 1239g (382-2615). Screening started at postnatal age (PNA) 5.4w (0.4-13.3) and postmenstrual age (PMA) 33.8 w (24.9-50.1) Mean number of examinations was 5.4 per infant (1-38). Mild (stages 1-2) and severe ( stage 3) ROP was found in 15.4% and 8.7%, respectively. Treatment was performed in 4.2% (73/1744) of the infants, but in none with a GA of 30weeks or more. The first treatment was performed at a mean PNA and PMA of 12.7 w (7.7-25.4) and 37.4 w (32.1-51.4), respectively. ConclusionsRecently introduced new guidelines for ROP screening in Sweden remain applicable. Reassuringly, in infants born between 2010 and 2011, incidence of ROP, frequency and timing of treatment, frequency and timing of examinations and national coverage of ROP screening remained almost identical to those for a previous cohort from 2008 to 2009. The two SWEDROP cohorts provide a basis for discussion among Swedish ophthalmologists and neonatologists on the question of further lowering the upper screening limit with 1week.
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34.
  • Holmström, Gerd, et al. (author)
  • Five years of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in Sweden: results from SWEDROP, a national quality register
  • 2016
  • In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - London, UK : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 100:12, s. 1656-1661
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background/aims Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a sight-threatening disease, requiring efficient screening and treatment. The present study aims to describe various aspects on treatment for ROP in Sweden. Methods Data on treatment for ROP in infants born in 2008-2012 were extracted from Swedish national register for retinopathy of prematurity, a web-based national register. Results During 2008-2012, 3488 infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of <31 weeks had been screened for ROP in Sweden. Altogether, 30.3% (1057/3488) of the infants developed ROP and 5.2% (181/3488) were treated. Type 1 ROP was found in at least one eye in 83.2% (149/179) of the treated infants. One third of the eyes (32.2% right, 29.9% left eyes) were treated more than once. Laser was the only treatment in 90% of the eyes. Mean number of laser spots at first laser session was 1177 and 1386 in right and left eyes, respectively. Number of laser spots correlated negatively with GA at birth (p=0.01). There was no change in frequency of treatment or number of laser spots during the 5-year period. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections were performed in 28 eyes, encircling band was used in five eyes and vitrectomies were performed in seven eyes. Twenty-six retinal surgeons performed 9.4 (range 1-37) treatment sessions in the 181 infants. Conclusions The present study reveals similar incidences of ROP and frequencies of treatment during the 5-year study period. Many surgeons were involved in treatment of a rather limited number of infants. The results call for national discussions on organisation of ROP treatment.
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36.
  • Hyrskyluoto, A., et al. (author)
  • Sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE084 is protective against mutant huntingtin-induced cell degeneration : involvement of calpastatin and the NF-kappa B pathway
  • 2013
  • In: Cell Death and Disease. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-4889. ; 4
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Alterations in mitochondria and increased oxidative stress are associated with the disease progression in Huntington's disease (HD). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative damage are linked through the close communication between the ER and mitochondria. Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a chaperone protein in the ER that is involved in ER stress regulation, but little is known about its role in HD or the mechanisms for cell protection. Here we show that the Sig-1R agonist, PRE084 increases cell survival and counteracts the deleterious effects caused by N-terminal mutant huntingtin proteins in neuronal PC6.3 cells. Particularly, PRE084 increased the levels of cellular antioxidants by activating the NF-kappa B pathway that is compromised by the expression of mutant huntingtin proteins. These results show that the Sig-1R agonist has beneficial effects in models of HD and that compounds affecting the Sig-1R may be promising targets for future drug development in HD.
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37.
  • Johansson, Lovisa, et al. (author)
  • Variation in the adiponutrin gene influences its expression and associates with obesity.
  • 2006
  • In: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 55:3, s. 826-833
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Adiponutrin is one of three recently identified adipocyte lipases. Surprisingly, these proteins also retain transacylase activity, a hitherto unknown pathway of triacylglycerol synthesis in the adipocytes. This may enable them to participate in both anabolic and catabolic processes. The adiponutrin gene (ADPN) is downregulated by fasting and upregulated by refeeding, suggesting a role in lipogenesis. Experiments in human adipocytes confirmed that the gene is upregulated in response to insulin in a glucose-dependent fashion. Obese subjects had increased levels of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue ADPN mRNA. Visceral ADPN mRNA expression was correlated to measures of insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment). We also studied genetic variation in ADPN and its relation to obesity, lipolysis, and mRNA expression. Two ADPN polymorphisms showed association with obesity. Carriers of the obesity-associated variants showed a lesser increase in the levels of adipose tissue ADPN mRNA and an increased basal lipolysis. Our results suggest that obese subjects that are insulin resistant and/or carriers of the obesity-associated ADPN alleles fail to upregulate the gene and that upregulation of adiponutrin may be an appropriate response to orchestrate energy excess.
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38.
  • Klingspor, L., et al. (author)
  • Epidemiology of fungaemia in Sweden: A nationwide retrospective observational survey
  • 2018
  • In: Mycoses. - : Wiley. - 0933-7407 .- 1439-0507. ; 61:10, s. 777-785
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • ObjectivesTo identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates to identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates in Sweden. MethodsThe study was a retrospective, observational nationwide laboratory-based surveillance for fungaemia and fungal meningitis and was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. ResultsIn total, 488 Candida blood culture isolates were obtained from 471 patients (58% males). Compared to our previous study, the incidence of candidaemia has increased from 4.2/100000 (2005-2006) to 4.7/100000 population/year (2015-2016). The three most common Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures were Candida albicans (54.7%), Candida glabrata (19.7%) and species in the Candida parapsilosis complex (9.4%). Candida resistance to fluconazole was 2% in C.albicans and between 0% and 100%, in non-albicans species other than C.glabrata and C.krusei. Resistance to voriconazole was rare, except for C.glabrata, C.krusei and C.tropicalis. Resistance to anidulafungin was 3.8% while no Candida isolate was resistant to amphotericin B. ConclusionsWe report an overall increase in candidaemia but a minor decrease of C.albicans while C.glabrata and C.parapsilosis remain constant over this 10-year period.
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39.
  • Larsson, Eva, 1961-, et al. (author)
  • Ophthalmological outcome of 6.5 years children treated for retinopathy of prematurity: a Swedish register study
  • 2024
  • In: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 108:1, s. 137-142
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AimsTo determine the ophthalmological outcome at 6.5 years of age in children treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and registered in the national Swedish National Register for ROP register. MethodsData on ROP, treatment and ophthalmological outcome were retrieved from the register. Visual acuity (VA), refractive errors and strabismus, together with visual impairment (VI) and any significant eye problem, defined as VA >0.5 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) and/or strabismus and/or any refractive error were analysed. Risk factors such as sex, gestational age (GA), birth weight SD score, number of treatments and retreatments, postnatal age and postmenstrual age at first treatment were analysed. ResultsFollow-up data were available in 232 of 270 children born between 2007 and 2014 who had been treated for ROP. VI (VA >0.5 logMAR) was found in 32 (14%), strabismus in 82 (38%), refractive errors in 114 (52%) and significant eye problem in 143 (65%) children. Retreatment was a risk factor for VI and refractive errors. Male sex and neonatal brain lesion were risk factors for strabismus. An additional week of GA at birth reduced the risk for refractive errors, strabismus and significant eye problems. ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed a high number of eye problems in children treated for ROP, emphasising the need for long-term follow-up. Retreatment of ROP was a risk factor for VI, and emphasises the importance of an accurate first treatment for the long-term ophthalmological outcome.
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40.
  • Lindegård Andersson, Agneta, 1955, et al. (author)
  • Concordance between VDU-users' ratings of comfort and perceived exertion with experts' observations of workplace layout and working postures.
  • 2005
  • In: Applied ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 36:3, s. 319-25
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concordance (agreement) between VDU-users' ratings of comfort and ergonomists' observations of workplace layout, and the concordance between VDU-users' ratings of perceived exertion and ergonomists' observations of working postures during VDU-work. The study population consisted of 853 symptom free subjects. Data on perceived comfort in different dimensions and data regarding perceived exertion in different body locations were collected by means of a questionnaire. Data concerning workplace layout and working postures were collected with an observation protocol, by an ergonomist. Concordance between ratings of comfort and observations of workplace layout was reasonably good for the chair and the keyboard (0.60, 0.58) and good regarding the screen and the input device (0.72, 0.61). Concordance between ratings of perceived exertion and observations of working postures indicated good agreement (0.63-0.77) for all measured body locations (neck, shoulder, wrist and trunk). In conclusion ratings of comfort and perceived exertion could be used as cost-efficient and user-friendly methods for practitioners to identify high exposure to poor workplace layout and poor working postures.
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41.
  • Magnusson, Gunilla, 1968, et al. (author)
  • Evaluation of screening procedures for congenital cataracts.
  • 2003
  • In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 92:12, s. 1468-73
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of two different Swedish screening procedures for early detection of congenital cataracts in comparison with no screening. METHODS: Children born between January 1992 and December 1998 in Swedish regions with an established eye-screening routine procedure, diagnosed with congenital cataract, and operated on before 1 y of age, were included in a retrospective study. Age at referral and age at time of the operation were compared between regions using different screening procedures: screening in the maternity wards (Region 1), at the well-baby clinics (Region 2) and one region without any screening (Region 3). RESULTS: Seventy-two children were included in the study. Concerning early diagnosis and surgery, Region 1 differed significantly from Regions 2 and 3, which were more similar and were combined for further analysis. The difference in detected cases was greatest at 21 d of age (55% vs 18%; p < 0.001), but persisted even at 100 d of age (78% vs 64%; p < 0.02). Region 1 screening resulted in more and earlier cases detected than the other two regions (22 vs 15 per 100,000 births). In 72% of all cases, surgery was performed in response to referrals from either the maternity wards (36%), or the well-baby clinics (36%). However, half of the cases from the well-baby clinics were detected too late, i.e. at > 100 d. CONCLUSION: Eye screening in the maternity ward is preferable to well-baby clinic screening and to no screening at all, since it leads to early detection. Screening should also be performed routinely at well-baby clinics within the period when successful treatment is possible.
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42.
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43.
  • Nyström, Alf, et al. (author)
  • The Swedish National Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE): incidence and onset of postoperative glaucoma
  • 2020
  • In: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 98:7, s. 654-661
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose The aim was to report cumulative incidence and time of onset of postoperative glaucoma in a paediatric early cataract surgery cohort. Methods Data were retrieved from the Pediatric Cataract Register (PECARE), a prospective register of Swedish cataract operations before 8 years of age. All eyes with surgery between January 2007 and December 2014 and a registered follow-up were included. Cataracts caused by uveitis, trauma or coexisting congenital glaucoma were excluded. Glaucoma was defined as early onset if diagnosed within a year after surgery and late onset if diagnosed later. Results The study included 288 eyes in 207 children (106 girls), 81 with bilateral and 126 with unilateral cataracts, with a mean follow-up of 3.31 +/- 1.77 years. Of the 288, 168 (58.3%) had surgery before 3 months of age; most of these 92.3% (155/168) were defined as dense, 208 (72.2%) were below 1 year of age. Cumulative incidence of surgically treated glaucoma among individuals was 23.7% (49/207). Median time to glaucoma onset was 0.91 years (range: 0.05-4.97 years) for eyes. Early-onset glaucoma was found in 98 % (63/64), and late onset in 2% (1/64). Conclusion In this paediatric cataract cohort, a majority of eyes had surgery before 3 months of age (58.3%). Secondary glaucoma-onset peaked within the first postoperative year, with a cumulative incidence of 23.7%. Surgery performed after the first month of life, resulted in a lower glaucoma rate. Long-term follow-up will reveal whether the low rate of late-onset glaucoma with early surgery will last, and if so, the consequences.
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