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| 2. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(author)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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- 2017
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In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Adrian-Martinez, S., et al.
(author)
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A first search for coincident gravitational waves and high energy neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007
- 2013
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In: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.
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| 6. |
- Evans, P. A., et al.
(author)
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Swift Follow-up Observations of Candidate Gravitational-wave Transient Events
- 2012
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In: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 203:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present the first multi-wavelength follow-up observations of two candidate gravitational-wave (GW) transient events recorded by LIGO and Virgo in their 2009-2010 science run. The events were selected with low latency by the network of GW detectors (within less than 10 minutes) and their candidate sky locations were observed by the Swift observatory (within 12 hr). Image transient detection was used to analyze the collected electromagnetic data, which were found to be consistent with background. Off-line analysis of the GW data alone has also established that the selected GW events show no evidence of an astrophysical origin; one of them is consistent with background and the other one was a test, part of a "blind injection challenge." With this work we demonstrate the feasibility of rapid follow-ups of GW transients and establish the sensitivity improvement joint electromagnetic and GW observations could bring. This is a first step toward an electromagnetic follow-up program in the regime of routine detections with the advanced GW instruments expected within this decade. In that regime, multi-wavelength observations will play a significant role in completing the astrophysical identification of GW sources. We present the methods and results from this first combined analysis and discuss its implications in terms of sensitivity for the present and future instruments.
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| 7. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(author)
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Parameter estimation for compact binary coalescence signals with the first generation gravitational-wave detector network
- 2013
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 88:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Compact binary systems with neutron stars or black holes are one of the most promising sources for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Gravitational radiation encodes rich information about source physics; thus parameter estimation and model selection are crucial analysis steps for any detection candidate events. Detailed models of the anticipated waveforms enable inference on several parameters, such as component masses, spins, sky location and distance, that are essential for new astrophysical studies of these sources. However, accurate measurements of these parameters and discrimination of models describing the underlying physics are complicated by artifacts in the data, uncertainties in the waveform models and in the calibration of the detectors. Here we report such measurements on a selection of simulated signals added either in hardware or software to the data collected by the two LIGO instruments and the Virgo detector during their most recent joint science run, including a "blind injection'' where the signal was not initially revealed to the collaboration. We exemplify the ability to extract information about the source physics on signals that cover the neutron-star and black-hole binary parameter space over the component mass range 1M(circle dot)-25M(circle dot) and the full range of spin parameters. The cases reported in this study provide a snapshot of the status of parameter estimation in preparation for the operation of advanced detectors.
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| 8. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(author)
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Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown in LIGO-Virgo data from 2009-2010
- 2013
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report a search for gravitational waves from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of binary black holes (BBH) with total mass between 25 and 100 solar masses, in data taken at the LIGO and Virgo observatories between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010. The maximum sensitive distance of the detectors over this period for a (20, 20)M-circle dot coalescence was 300 Mpc. No gravitational wave signals were found. We thus report upper limits on the astrophysical coalescence rates of BBH as a function of the component masses for nonspinning components, and also evaluate the dependence of the search sensitivity on component spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We find an upper limit at 90% confidence on the coalescence rate of BBH with nonspinning components of mass between 19 and 28M(circle dot) of 3:3 x 10(-7) mergers Mpc(-3) yr(-1).
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| 9. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(author)
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The characterization of Virgo data and its impact on gravitational-wave searches
- 2012
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In: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6382 .- 0264-9381. ; 29:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Between 2007 and 2010 Virgo collected data in coincidence with the LIGO and GEO gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. These data have been searched for GWs emitted by cataclysmic phenomena in the universe, by non-axisymmetric rotating neutron stars or from a stochastic background in the frequency band of the detectors. The sensitivity of GW searches is limited by noise produced by the detector or its environment. It is therefore crucial to characterize the various noise sources in a GW detector. This paper reviews the Virgo detector noise sources, noise propagation, and conversion mechanisms which were identified in the three first Virgo observing runs. In many cases, these investigations allowed us to mitigate noise sources in the detector, or to selectively flag noise events and discard them from the data. We present examples from the joint LIGO-GEO-Virgo GW searches to show how well noise transients and narrow spectral lines have been identified and excluded from the Virgo data. We also discuss how detector characterization can improve the astrophysical reach of GW searches.
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| 10. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(author)
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Einstein@Home all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S5 data
- 2013
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In: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents results of an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range [50, 1190] Hz and with frequency derivative range of similar to[-20, 1.1] x 10(-10) Hz s(-1) for the fifth LIGO science run (S5). The search uses a noncoherent Hough-transform method to combine the information from coherent searches on time scales of about one day. Because these searches are very computationally intensive, they have been carried out with the Einstein@Home volunteer distributed computing project. Postprocessing identifies eight candidate signals; deeper follow-up studies rule them out. Hence, since no gravitational wave signals have been found, we report upper limits on the intrinsic gravitational wave strain amplitude h(0). For example, in the 0.5 Hz-wide band at 152.5 Hz, we can exclude the presence of signals with h(0) greater than 7.6 x 10(-25) at a 90% confidence level. This search is about a factor 3 more sensitive than the previous Einstein@Home search of early S5 LIGO data.
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| 22. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(author)
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Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials
- 2021
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.io/QESV4/). We systematically identified unpublished RCTs (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane COVID-registry up to June 11, 2020), and published RCTs (PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv up to October 16, 2020). All-cause mortality has been extracted (publications/preprints) or requested from investigators and combined in random-effects meta-analyses, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Prespecified subgroup analyses include patient setting, diagnostic confirmation, control type, and publication status. Sixty-three trials were potentially eligible. We included 14 unpublished trials (1308 patients) and 14 publications/preprints (9011 patients). Results for hydroxychloroquine are dominated by RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY, two highly pragmatic trials, which employed relatively high doses and included 4716 and 1853 patients, respectively (67% of the total sample size). The combined OR on all-cause mortality for hydroxychloroquine is 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.20; I-2=0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and for chloroquine 1.77 (95%CI: 0.15, 21.13, I-2=0%; 4 trials; 307 patients). We identified no subgroup effects. We found that treatment with hydroxychloroquine is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients, and there is no benefit of chloroquine. Findings have unclear generalizability to outpatients, children, pregnant women, and people with comorbidities. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been investigated as a potential treatment for Covid-19 in several clinical trials. Here the authors report a meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials, and show that treatment with hydroxychloroquine for patients with Covid-19 was associated with increased mortality, and there was no benefit from chloroquine.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Grossmann, Igor, et al.
(author)
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Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
- 2023
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In: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 7, s. 484-501
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender-career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.
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| 25. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 26. |
- Boakye, K., et al.
(author)
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Perceived built environment characteristics associated with walking and cycling across 355 communities in 21 countries
- 2023
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In: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751. ; 132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research examining built environment (BE) characteristics and walking/cycling behaviors has been conducted primarily in high-income countries and conclusions cannot be applied directly to low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated perceived BE characteristics and walking/cycling behaviors across 355 urban communities in 21 low-, middle-, and high- income countries using individual data for 39,908 adults in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study. The 1-week long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure walking/cycling behaviors. Perceived BE characteristics were measured using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Mixed effects logistic regression models examined associations between BE measures and walking for transport (≥150 min/wk), walking for leisure (≥150 min/wk), and any cycling for transport, controlling for individual, household, and community factors. Land-use mix diversity, land-use mix access, and street connectivity were associated with higher odds of walking for transport. Land-use mix diversity, land-use mix access, safety from traffic and safety from crime were associated with higher odds of walking for leisure. Land-use mix diversity, land-use mix access, and aesthetics were associated with higher odds of cycling. Differences in associations were observed by country-income status. Our findings can help guide policy makers globally to implement BE design to encourage walking and cycling behaviors.
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| 27. |
- Carey, L. M., et al.
(author)
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STroke imAging pRevention and treatment (START): A longitudinal stroke cohort study: Clinical trials protocol
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 10:4, s. 636-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- RationaleStroke and poststroke depression are common and have a profound and ongoing impact on an individual's quality of life. However, reliable biological correlates of poststroke depression and functional outcome have not been well established in humans. AimsOur aim is to identify biological factors, molecular and imaging, associated with poststroke depression and recovery that may be used to guide more targeted interventions. DesignIn a longitudinal cohort study of 200 stroke survivors, the START - STroke imAging pRevention and Treatment cohort, we will examine the relationship between gene expression, regulator proteins, depression, and functional outcome. Stroke survivors will be investigated at baseline, 24h, three-days, three-months, and 12 months poststroke for blood-based biological associates and at days 3-7, three-months, and 12 months for depression and functional outcomes. A sub-group (n=100), the PrePARE: Prediction and Prevention to Achieve optimal Recovery Endpoints after stroke cohort, will also be investigated for functional and structural changes in putative depression-related brain networks and for additional cognition and activity participation outcomes. Stroke severity, diet, and lifestyle factors that may influence depression will be monitored. The impact of depression on stroke outcomes and participation in previous life activities will be quantified. Study OutcomesClinical significance lies in the identification of biological factors associated with functional outcome to guide prevention and inform personalized and targeted treatments. Evidence of associations between depression, gene expression and regulator proteins, functional and structural brain changes, lifestyle and functional outcome will provide new insights for mechanism-based models of poststroke depression.
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| 28. |
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| 30. |
- Murphy, A., et al.
(author)
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The household economic burden of non-communicable diseases in 18 countries
- 2020
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In: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. In 2014, the United Nations committed to reducing premature mortality from NCDs, including by reducing the burden of healthcare costs. Since 2014, the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study has been collecting health expenditure data from households with NCDs in 18 countries. Methods Using data from the PURE Study, we estimated risk of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment among households with at least one person with NCDs (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer and respiratory diseases; n=17 435), with hypertension only (a leading risk factor for NCDs; n=11 831) or with neither (n=22 654) by country income group: high-income countries (Canada and Sweden), upper middle income countries (UMICs: Brazil, Chile, Malaysia, Poland, South Africa and Turkey), lower middle income countries (LMICs: the Philippines, Colombia, India, Iran and the Occupied Palestinian Territory) and low-income countries (LICs: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Zimbabwe and Tanzania) and China. Results The prevalence of catastrophic spending and impoverishment is highest among households with NCDs in LMICs and China. After adjusting for covariates that might drive health expenditure, the absolute risk of catastrophic spending is higher in households with NCDs compared with no NCDs in LMICs (risk difference=1.71%; 95% CI 0.75 to 2.67), UMICs (0.82%; 95% CI 0.37 to 1.27) and China (7.52%; 95% CI 5.88 to 9.16). A similar pattern is observed in UMICs and China for impoverishment. A high proportion of those with NCDs in LICs, especially women (38.7% compared with 12.6% in men), reported not taking medication due to costs. Conclusions Our findings show that financial protection from healthcare costs for people with NCDs is inadequate, particularly in LMICs and China. While the burden of NCD care may appear greatest in LMICs and China, the burden in LICs may be masked by care foregone due to costs. The high proportion of women reporting foregone care due to cost may in part explain gender inequality in treatment of NCDs. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Huang, Jianpan, et al.
(author)
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Altered d-glucose in brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid of early Alzheimer's disease detected by dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI
- 2020
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In: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Altered cerebral glucose uptake is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach was developed to simultaneously monitor d-glucose uptake and clearance in both brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We observed substantially higher uptake in parenchyma of young (6 months) transgenic AD mice compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Notably lower uptakes were observed in parenchyma and CSF of old (16 months) AD mice. Both young and old AD mice had an obviously slower CSF clearance than age-matched WT mice. This resembles recent reports of the hampered CSF clearance that leads to protein accumulation in the brain. These findings suggest that DGE MRI can identify altered glucose uptake and clearance in young AD mice upon the emergence of amyloid plaques. DGE MRI of brain parenchyma and CSF has potential for early AD stratification, especially at 3T clinical field strength MRI.
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| 33. |
- Kopp, Reinhard, et al.
(author)
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Multicenter Analysis of Endovascular Aortic Arch In Situ Stent-Graft Fenestrations for Aortic Arch Pathologies
- 2019
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In: Annals of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-5096. ; 59, s. 36-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In situ fenestration of aortic stent grafts for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms is a new option for endovascular aortic arch repair. So far, only few reports have shown perioperative and short-term results of in situ fenestrations for aortic arch diseases. We present the multicenter experience with the aortic arch in situ fenestration technique documented in the AARCHIF registry for treatment of aortic arch aneurysms or localized type A aortic dissections and analyzed perioperative outcome and midterm follow-up. Methods: Patients with aortic arch pathologies treated by aortic arch in situ fenestration with proximal stent graft landing in aortic arch Ishimura zones 0 and 1 were included in the registry. Stent-graft in situ fenestrations were created using needles or radiofrequency or laser catheters and completed by implantation of covered connecting stent grafts. Single in situ fenestrations for the left subclavian artery (LSA) were excluded. Results: Between 06/2009 and 03/2017, twenty-five patients were treated by in situ stent-graft fenestrations for aortic arch pathologies at 9 institutions in 7 different countries, 3 of them as bailout procedures for stent-graft malplacement. In situ fenestrations were performed for the brachiocephalic trunk (n = 20), the left common carotid artery (n = 21) and the LSA (n = 9). Technical success for intended in situ fenestrations was 94.0% (47/50), with additional supraaortic bypass procedures performed in 14 patients. Perioperative mortality occurred in 1 (4.0%) patient, treated as a bailout procedure and 3 (12.0%) perioperative strokes were observed. One proximal aortic stent-graft nonalignment and 4 type III endoleaks, 2 early and 2 late, required reeintervention. During follow-up (1–118 months), the diameter of aortic arch aneurysms decreased from 61.5 ± 4.1 mm to 48.4 ± 3.2 mm (P = 0.02) and, so far, 6 patients died from diseases unrelated to their aortic arch pathologies with a mean survival time of 79.5 months and 3 endovascular reinterventions for distal aortic expansion were performed. Cerebrovascular event (n = 4) was the most relevant prognostic factor for mortality during midterm follow-up (P = 0.003). Conclusions: The aortic arch in situ fenestration technique for endovascular aortic arch repair seems to be valuable treatment option for selected patients, although initial consideration of other treatment options is mandatory. Data about long-term durability are required.
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| 34. |
- Steinmuller, S. J., et al.
(author)
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Effect of substrate roughness on the magnetic properties of thin fcc Co films
- 2007
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In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 76:5, s. 054429-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a study of the influence of substrate roughness on the magnetic properties of thin fcc Co films (7 and 17 nm thick) grown on Cu(001)/Si(001). A significant decrease in cubic anisotropy with increasing film roughness was observed with Brillouin light scattering and magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry. In addition, the rougher samples showed a substantial broadening of the spin wave peaks. Both effects were found to be more pronounced for the thinner Co layers. Our observations are discussed in the framework of a theoretical model which takes into account the morphology of the Co films as measured by atomic force microscopy. While roughness effects are usually discussed in the context of Néel's "orange-peel" model, we propose a qualitatively different effect in this work whereby the magnetization follows coherently the substrate morphology ("undulating" state) resulting in the absence of magnetic surface charges. This magnetic configuration gives rise to a reduction in the magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial thin films, which is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
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| 35. |
- Tse, L. A., et al.
(author)
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Timing and Length of Nocturnal Sleep and Daytime Napping and Associations With Obesity Types in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries
- 2021
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In: Jama Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Obesity is a growing public health threat leading to serious health consequences. Late bedtime and sleep loss are common in modern society, but their associations with specific obesity types are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To assess whether sleep timing and napping behavior are associated with increased obesity, independent of nocturnal sleep length. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This large, multinational, population-based cross-sectional study used data of participants from 60 study centers in 26 countries with varying income levels as part of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. Participants were aged 35 to 70 years and were mainly recruited during 2005 and 2009. Data analysis occurred from October 2020 through March 2021. EXPOSURES Sleep timing (ie, bedtime and wake-up time), nocturnal sleep duration, daytime napping. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were prevalence of obesity, specified as general obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 30 or greater, and abdominal obesity, defined as waist circumference greater than 102 cmfor men or greater than 88 cm for women. Multilevel logistic regression models with random effects for study centerswere performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Overall, 136 652 participants (81 652 [59.8%] women; mean [SD] age, 51.0 [9.8] years) were included in analysis. A total of 27 195 participants (19.9%) had general obesity, and 37 024 participants (27.1%) had abdominal obesity. The mean (SD) nocturnal sleep duration was 7.8 (1.4) hours, and the median (interquartile range) midsleep time was 2:15 AM (1:30 AM-3:00 AM). A total of 19 660 participants (14.4%) had late bedtime behavior (ie, midnight or later). Compared with bedtime between 8 PM and 10 PM, late bedtime was associated with general obesity (AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.29) and abdominal obesity (AOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12-1.28), particularly among participants who went to bed between 2 AM and 6 AM (general obesity: AOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54; abdominal obesity: AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21-1.58). Short nocturnal sleep of less than 6 hours was associated with general obesity (eg, <5 hours: AOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.43), but longer napping was associated with higher abdominal obesity prevalence (eg, >= 1 hours: AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.31-1.47). Neither going to bed during the day (ie, before 8PM) nor wake-up time was associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that late nocturnal bedtime and short nocturnal sleep were associated with increased risk of obesity prevalence, while longer daytime napping did not reduce the risk but was associated with higher risk of abdominal obesity. Strategic weight control programs should also encourage earlier bedtime and avoid short nocturnal sleep to mitigate obesity epidemic.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Zhukova, Nataliya, et al.
(author)
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WNT activation by lithium abrogates TP53 mutation associated radiation resistance in medulloblastoma
- 2014
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In: Acta neuropathologica communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TP53 mutations confer subgroup specific poor survival for children with medulloblastoma. We hypothesized that WNT activation which is associated with improved survival for such children abrogates TP53 related radioresistance and can be used to sensitize TP53 mutant tumors for radiation. We examined the subgroup-specific role of TP53 mutations in a cohort of 314 patients treated with radiation. TP53 wild-type or mutant human medulloblastoma cell-lines and normal neural stem cells were used to test radioresistance of TP53 mutations and the radiosensitizing effect of WNT activation on tumors and the developing brain. Children with WNT/TP53 mutant medulloblastoma had higher 5-year survival than those with SHH/TP53 mutant tumours (100% and 36.6%±8.7%, respectively (p<0.001)). Introduction of TP53 mutation into medulloblastoma cells induced radioresistance (survival fractions at 2Gy (SF2) of 89%±2% vs. 57.4%±1.8% (p<0.01)). In contrast, beta-catenin mutation sensitized TP53 mutant cells to radiation (p<0.05). Lithium, an activator of the WNT pathway, sensitized TP53 mutant medulloblastoma to radiation (SF2 of 43.5%±1.5% in lithium treated cells vs. 56.6±3% (p<0.01)) accompanied by increased number of gammaH2AX foci. Normal neural stem cells were protected from lithium induced radiation damage (SF2 of 33%±8% for lithium treated cells vs. 27%±3% for untreated controls (p=0.05). Poor survival of patients with TP53 mutant medulloblastoma may be related to radiation resistance. Since constitutive activation of the WNT pathway by lithium sensitizes TP53 mutant medulloblastoma cells and protect normal neural stem cells from radiation, this oral drug may represent an attractive novel therapy for high-risk medulloblastomas.
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| 39. |
- Cavalleri, Matteo, 1973-
(author)
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Local Structure of Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ordinary yet unique, water is the substance on which life is based. Water seems, at first sight, to be a very simple molecule, consisting of two hydrogen atoms attached to one oxygen. Its small size belies the complexity of its action and its numerous anomalies, central to a broad class of important phenomena, ranging from global current circulation, terrestrial water and CO2 cycles to corrosion and wetting. The explanation of this complex behavior comes from water's unique ability to form extensive three-dimensional networks of hydrogen-bonds, whose nature and structures, in spite of a great deal of efforts involving a plethora of experimental and theoretical techniques, still lacks a complete scientific understanding.This thesis is devoted to the study of the local structure of hydrogen-bonded liquids, with a particular emphasis on water, taking advantage of a combination of core-level spectroscopies and density functional theory spectra calculations. X-ray absorption, in particular, is found to be sensitive to the local hydrogen-bond environment, thus offering a very promising tool for spectroscopic identification of specific structural configurations in water, alcohols and aqueous solutions. More specifically, the characteristic spectroscopic signature of the broken hydrogen-bond at the hydrogen side is used to analyze the structure of bulk water, leading to the finding that most molecules are arranged in two hydrogen-bond configurations, in contrast to the picture provided by molecular dynamics simulations. At the liquid-vapor interface, an interplay of surface sensitive measurements and theoretical calculations enables us to distinguish a new interfacial species in equilibrium with the gas. In a similar approach the cluster form of the excess proton in highly concentrated acid solutions and the different coordination of methanol at the vacuum interface and in the bulk can also be clearly identified.Finally the ability of core-level spectroscopies, aided by sophisticated density functional theory calculations, to directly probe the valence electronic structure of a system is used to observe the nature of the interaction between water molecules and solvated ions in solution. Water around transition metal ions is found to interact with the solute via orbital mixing with the metal d-orbitals. The hydrogen-bond between water molecules is explained in terms of electrostatic interactions enhanced by charge rehybridization in which charge transfer between connecting molecules is shown to be fundamental.
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| 40. |
- Duong, MyLinh, et al.
(author)
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Differences and agreement between two portable hand-held spirometers across diverse community-based populations in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.
- 2022
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In: PLOS global public health. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2767-3375. ; 2:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Portable spirometers are commonly used in longitudinal epidemiological studies to measure and track the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). During the course of the study, it may be necessary to replace spirometers with a different model. This raise questions regarding the comparability of measurements from different devices. We examined the correlation, mean differences and agreement between two different spirometers, across diverse populations and different participant characteristics.From June 2015 to Jan 2018, a total of 4,603 adults were enrolled from 628 communities in 18 countries and 7 regions of the world. Each participant performed concurrent measurements from the MicroGP and EasyOne spirometer. Measurements were compared by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method.Approximately 65% of the participants achieved clinically acceptable quality measurements. Overall correlations between paired FEV1 (ICC 0.88 [95% CI 0.87, 0.88]) and FVC (ICC 0.84 [0.83, 0.85]) were high. Mean differences between paired FEV1 (-0.038 L [-0.053, -0.023]) and FVC (0.033 L [0.012, 0.054]) were small. The 95% limits of agreement were wide but unbiased (FEV1 984, -1060; FVC 1460, -1394). Similar findings were observed across regions. The source of variation between spirometers was mainly at the participant level. Older age, higher body mass index, tobacco smoking and known COPD/asthma did not adversely impact on the inter-device variability. Furthermore, there were small and acceptable mean differences between paired FEV1 and FVC z-scores using the Global Lung Initiative normative values, suggesting minimal impact on lung function interpretation.In this multicenter, diverse community-based cohort study, measurements from two portable spirometers provided good correlation, small and unbiased differences between measurements. These data support their interchangeable use across diverse populations to provide accurate trends in serial lung function measurements in epidemiological studies.
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| 41. |
- He, Xiaoyu, et al.
(author)
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Dual-optimization strategy engineered Ti-based metal-organic framework with Fe active sites for highly-selective CO2 photoreduction to formic acid
- 2023
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In: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increasing CO2 conversion efficiency over metal-organic framework (MOF) based photocatalysts is of great significance to promote the carbon capture and utilization. In this work, a dual-benefit design strategy is deployed in the synthesis of a new two-dimensional Fe/Ti-BPDC MOF photocatalyst with atomically dispersed Fe sites. This catalyst demonstrated an excellent catalytic performance in the visible-light-driven CO2 conversion to HCOOH, achieving a high yield of 703.9 μmol g-1 h-1 at a selectivity greater than 99.7%. This is attributed to the ‘dual-optimization’ achieved by this catalyst to sustain the supply of photogenerated electrons and to effectively activate CO2. Specifically, the Fe/Ti-BPDC catalyst provides a high proportion of effective photogenerated electrons for the CO2 photocatalysis process via a unique electron transfer mechanism. Meanwhile, the strong O/Fe affinity between CO2 and atomically dispersed Fe active sites not only enables a fast CO2 activation, but also dictates the intermediate reaction pathways towards high HCOOH selectivity.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hystad, P., et al.
(author)
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Associations of outdoor fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular disease in 157 436 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study
- 2020
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In: Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 4:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Most studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM5) and cardiovascular disease are from high-income countries with relatively low PM25 concentrations. It is unclear whether risks are similar in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and how outdoor PM contributes to the global burden of cardiovascular disease. In our analysis of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to come, middle-income, and low-income countries. Methods In this multinational, prospective cohort study, we studied 157 436 adults aged 35-70 years who were enrolled in the PURE study in countries with ambient PM25 estimates, for whom follow-up data were available. Cox proportional hazard frailty models were used to estimate the associations between long-term mean community outdoor PM concentrations and cardiovascular disease events ( fatal and non-fatal), cardiovascular disease mortality, and other non-accidental mortality. Findings Between Jan 1, 2003, and July 14, 2018, 157 436 adults from 747 communities in 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries were enrolled and followed up, of whom 140 020 participants resided in LMICs. During a median follow-up period of 9 center dot 3 years (IQR 7 center dot 8-10 center dot 8; corresponding to 1 center dot 4 million person-years), we documented 9996 non-accidental deaths, of which 3219 were attributed to cardiovascular disease. 9152 (5 center dot 8%) of 157 436 participants had cardiovascular disease events (fatal and non-fatal incident cardiovascular disease), including 4083 myocardial infarctions and 4139 strokes. Mean 3-year PM25 at cohort baseline was 47 center dot 5 mu g/m(3) (range 6-140). In models adjusted for individual, household, and geographical factors, a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM25 was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease events (hazard ratio 1 center dot 05 [95% CI 1 center dot 03-1 center dot 07]), myocardial infarction (1 center dot 03 [1 center dot 00-1 center dot 05]), stroke (1 center dot 07 [1 center dot 04-1 center dot 10]), and cardiovascular disease mortality (1 center dot 03 [1 center dot 00-1 center dot 05]). Results were similar for LMICs and communities with high PM25 concentrations (>35 mu g/m(3)). The population attributable fraction for PM25 in the PURE cohort was 13 center dot 9% (95% CI 8 center dot 8-18 center dot 6) for cardiovascular disease events, 8 center dot 4% (0 center dot 0-15 center dot 4) for myocardial infarction, 19 center dot 6% (13 center dot 0-25 center dot 8) for stroke, and 8 center dot 3% (0 center dot 0-15 center dot 2) for cardiovascular disease mortality. We identified no consistent associations between PM25 and risk for non-cardiovascular disease deaths. Interpretation Long-term outdoor PM25 concentrations were associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease in adults aged 35-70 years. Air pollution is an important global risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a need exists to reduce air pollution concentrations, especially in LMICs, where air pollution levels are highest. Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Ng, Kevin K. W., et al.
(author)
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Perceived Frequency of Aperiodic Vibrotactile Stimuli Depends on Temporal Encoding
- 2018
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In: HAPTICS: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS, PT I. - Cham : SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG. - 9783319934457 - 9783319934440 ; , s. 199-208
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mechanical transients and events arising during dexterous manipulation are detected by tactile afferents. Naturally occurring vibrotactile stimuli have a mix of frequencies, which creates complex afferent discharge patterns. Psychophysical correlates of these complex discharge patterns could be useful tools to gain greater insights into tactile coding and the principles of signal processing in the nervous system. In a previous study, we discovered that frequency perception of periodic bursting stimuli depended on the duration of the silent gap between spike bursts. Here, we investigated the perceived frequency of aperiodic vibrotactile stimuli. We found that perceived frequency was lower than the mean discharge rate of the afferents. This supports a hypothesis stemming from our previous work, that within spike trains consisting of mixed length inter-spike intervals, the contribution of a given interval to perceived frequency is weighted by its length. Thus, the present study reveals that frequency perception of both periodic and aperiodic stimuli is encoded by sophisticated processing of individual inter-spike intervals, rather than based on detection of periodicity or spike counting.
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| 46. |
- Nilsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Discovery of 4 '-azido-2 '-deoxy-2 '-C-methyl cytidine and prodrugs thereof : A potent inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus replication
- 2012
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In: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 22:9, s. 3265-3268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 4'-Azido-2'-deoxy-2'-methylcytidine (14) is a potent nucleoside inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, displaying an EC50 value of 1.2 mu M and showing moderate in vivo bioavailability in rat (F = 14%). Here we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-methylcytidine and prodrug derivatives thereof. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Shaw, Dawn M., et al.
(author)
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Theoretical X-ray absorption investigation of the uniaxial compression of hexagonal graphite
- 2007
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In: Canadian journal of chemistry (Print). - 0008-4042 .- 1480-3291. ; 85:10, s. 837-842
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The X-ray absorption (XAS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra for the intermediate structures along uniaxial c-axis compression of hexagonal graphite are studied with the first-principles pseudopotential plane wave method. Comparison with experiment is made whenever results are available. A transformation from graphite to a new carbon phase was observed in the simulation. The new phase consists of alternating linkages of the graphite layers via the formation of C-C sigma bonds. The calculated XAS and XRD reproduced most but not all of the features observed in a recent experiment. Comments are made on the reliability of the computational procedures to reproduce the XAS of these structures.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Tse, T., et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal changes in activity participation in the first year post-stroke and association with depressive symptoms
- 2019
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:21, s. 2548-2555
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research question: 1. Does activity participation improve over time in the first year after stroke? 2. What is the association of depressive symptoms on retained activity participation 12-months post-stroke adjusting for neurological stroke severity and age? 3. Is an improvement in activity participation associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms between 3- and 12-months post-stroke? Design: Longitudinal observational study of activity participation and depressive symptoms in ischemic stroke survivors. Participants: A total of 100 stroke survivors with mild neurological stroke severity. Methods: A total of 100 stroke survivors were recruited from five metropolitan hospitals and assessed at 3- and 12-months post-stroke using measures of activity participation (Activity Card Sort-Australia (ACS-Aus)) and depressive symptoms (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale Structured Interview Guide (MADRS-SIGMA)). Results: There was a significant association between time (pre-stroke to 3-months post-stroke) and current activity participation (-5.2 activities 95% CI -6.8 to -3.5, p < 0.01) and time (pre-stroke to 12-months) and current activity participation (-2.1 activities 95% CI -3.7 to -0.5, p = 0.01). At 12-months post-stroke, a one-point increase in depressive symptoms was associated with a median decrease of 0.3% (95% CI -1.4% to -0.1%, p = 0.02) of retained overall activity participation, assuming similar neurological stroke severity and age. A decrease in depressive symptoms between 3- and 12-months post-stroke was associated with an improvement of 0.31 (95% CI -0.5 to -0.1, p = 0.01) in current activity participation. Conclusions: Activity participation improves during the first year of recovery post-stroke in stroke survivors with mild neurological stroke severity and is associated with depressive symptoms over time and at 12-months post-stroke.
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