| 1. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 4. |
- Romanelli, F, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last IAEA Conference JET has been in operation for one year with a programmatic focus on the qualification of ITER operating scenarios, the consolidation of ITER design choices and preparation for plasma operation with the ITER-like wall presently being installed in JET. Good progress has been achieved, including stationary ELMy H-mode operation at 4.5 MA. The high confinement hybrid scenario has been extended to high triangularity, lower ρ*and to pulse lengths comparable to the resistive time. The steady-state scenario has also been extended to lower ρ*and ν*and optimized to simultaneously achieve, under stationary conditions, ITER-like values of all other relevant normalized parameters. A dedicated helium campaign has allowed key aspects of plasma control and H-mode operation for the ITER non-activated phase to be evaluated. Effective sawtooth control by fast ions has been demonstrated with3He minority ICRH, a scenario with negligible minority current drive. Edge localized mode (ELM) control studies using external n = 1 and n = 2 perturbation fields have found a resonance effect in ELM frequency for specific q95values. Complete ELM suppression has, however, not been observed, even with an edge Chirikov parameter larger than 1. Pellet ELM pacing has been demonstrated and the minimum pellet size needed to trigger an ELM has been estimated. For both natural and mitigated ELMs a broadening of the divertor ELM-wetted area with increasing ELM size has been found. In disruption studies with massive gas injection up to 50% of the thermal energy could be radiated before, and 20% during, the thermal quench. Halo currents could be reduced by 60% and, using argon/deuterium and neon/deuterium gas mixtures, runaway electron generation could be avoided. Most objectives of the ITER-like ICRH antenna have been demonstrated; matching with closely packed straps, ELM resilience, scattering matrix arc detection and operation at high power density (6.2 MW m-2) and antenna strap voltages (42 kV). Coupling measurements are in very good agreement with TOPICA modelling. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
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| 5. |
- Namkoong, H, et al.
(författare)
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DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 609:7928, s. 754-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge1–5. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2,393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3,289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Wang, QBS, et al.
(författare)
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The whole blood transcriptional regulation landscape in 465 COVID-19 infected samples from Japan COVID-19 Task Force
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 4830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recently-emerged infectious disease that has caused millions of deaths, where comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms is still unestablished. In particular, studies of gene expression dynamics and regulation landscape in COVID-19 infected individuals are limited. Here, we report on a thorough analysis of whole blood RNA-seq data from 465 genotyped samples from the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, including 359 severe and 106 non-severe COVID-19 cases. We discover 1169 putative causal expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) including 34 possible colocalizations with biobank fine-mapping results of hematopoietic traits in a Japanese population, 1549 putative causal splice QTLs (sQTLs; e.g. two independent sQTLs at TOR1AIP1), as well as biologically interpretable trans-eQTL examples (e.g., REST and STING1), all fine-mapped at single variant resolution. We perform differential gene expression analysis to elucidate 198 genes with increased expression in severe COVID-19 cases and enriched for innate immune-related functions. Finally, we evaluate the limited but non-zero effect of COVID-19 phenotype on eQTL discovery, and highlight the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs (ieQTLs; e.g., CLEC4C and MYBL2). Our study provides a comprehensive catalog of whole blood regulatory variants in Japanese, as well as a reference for transcriptional landscapes in response to COVID-19 infection.
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| 8. |
- Bowman, John L, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 171:2, s. 287-304.15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Castelletto, S., et al.
(författare)
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A silicon carbide room-temperature single-photon source
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 13:2, s. 151-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past few years, single-photon generation has been realized in numerous systems: single molecules(1), quantum dots(2-4), diamond colour centres5 and others(6). The generation and detection of single photons play a central role in the experimental foundation of quantum mechanics(7) and measurement theory(8). An efficient and high-quality single-photon source is needed to implement quantum key distribution, quantum repeaters and photonic quantum information processing(9). Here we report the identification and formation of ultrabright, room-temperature, photostable single-photon sources in a device-friendly material, silicon carbide (SiC). The source is composed of an intrinsic defect, known as the carbon antisite-vacancy pair, created by carefully optimized electron irradiation and annealing of ultrapure SiC. An extreme brightness (2 x 10(6) counts s(-1)) resulting from polarization rules and a high quantum efficiency is obtained in the bulk without resorting to the use of a cavity or plasmonic structure. This may benefit future integrated quantum photonic devices(9).
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Igawa, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Cystometric findings in mice lacking muscarinic M2 or M3 receptors
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 172:6, Part 1 of 2, s. 2460-2464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The physiological importance of muscarinic M-3 and M-2 receptors for bladder function was investigated in vivo using mice lacking M-3 or M-2 receptors and littermate WT controls. Materials and Methods: Unanesthetized mice of each sex underwent continuous cystometry before and after administration of atropine (1 mg/kg(-1)). Results: Male M-3 knockout (KO) mice had longer voiding intervals, and larger micturition volumes and bladder capacity than M-2 KO or WT males. There was no significant difference in any cystometric parameters between male M-2 KO and WT mice. In females M-3 KO and M-2 KO mice had longer voiding intervals and larger micturition volumes than WT animals. Atropine had marked inhibitory effects on voiding efficacy in WT and M-2 KO mice but it had no effect on any cystometric parameters in M-3 KO mice. Conclusions: The current results confirm that M-3 receptor is the principal muscarinic receptor subtype responsible for bladder contraction and the role of M-2 receptors is of minor importance. Functional impairments found in M-3 KO mice were milder than those elicited by acute blockade of muscarinic receptors by atropine in WT mice, suggesting that noncholinergic mechanisms can compensate for a chronic loss of M-3 receptors.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nguyen, Son Tien, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Divacancy in 4H-SiC
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 96:5, s. 055501-1-055501-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron paramagnetic resonance and ab initio supercell calculations suggest that the P6/P7 centers, which were previously assigned to the photoexcited triplet states of the carbon vacancy-antisite pairs in the double positive charge state, are related to the triplet ground states of the neutral divacancy. The spin density is found to be located mainly on three nearest C neighbors of the silicon vacancy, whereas it is negligible on the nearest Si neighbors of the carbon vacancy.
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| 17. |
- Nguyen, Tien Son, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of divacancies in 4H-SiC
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vols. 376-377. - : Elsevier BV. ; , s. 334-337
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The P6/P7 centers in 4H-SiC were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ab initio supercell calculations. The hyperfine coupling constants of C and Si neighbors obtained by EPR are in good agreement with the calculated values for the neutral divacancy, VCVsi0. Our results suggest that the P6/P7 centers, which were previously assigned to the photo-excited triplet states of the carbon vacancy-carbon antisite pairs in the double positive charge state (VCCsi2+), are related to the triplet ground states of the C-3v/C-1h si configurations of VCVsi0 (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Umeda, T, et al.
(författare)
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Dicarbon antisite defect in n-type 4H-SiC
- 2009
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - 1098-0121. ; 79:11, s. 115211-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We identify the negatively charged dicarbon antisite defect (C-2 core at silicon site) in electron-irradiated n-type 4H-SiC by means of combined electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and first-principles calculations. The HEI5 and HEI6 EPR centers (S=1/2; C-1h symmetry) are associated with cubic and hexagonal dicarbon antisite defects, respectively. This assignment is based on a comparison of the measured and calculated hyperfine tensors of C-13 and Si-29 atoms as far as the second neighborhood around the defects. Theoretically, the dicarbon antisites are stable in a single negative charge state under a wide range of n-type samples. We found that the defects can be created under a wide range of irradiation conditions, and our measurements strongly suggest the existence of carbon antisite defects in the as-grown samples. Annealing studies revealed several atomistic processes such as recombination of carbon interstitials with vacancies and formation of carbon aggregates. These processes were activated at about 1000 degrees C, and as theoretically predicted, the dicarbon antisite is much more stable than the dicarbon interstitial defect (C-2 core at carbon site). The measured activation temperature is consistent with the temperature range for forming various carbon aggregate-related photoluminescence centers.
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| 20. |
- Umeda, T., et al.
(författare)
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EPR and theoretical studies of positively charged carbon vacancy in 4H-SiC
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carbon vacancy is a dominant defect in 4H-SiC, and the "E15" electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) spectrum originates from positively charged carbon vacancies (VC+) at quasicubic sites. The observed state for EI5, however, has been attributed to a motional-averaged state with the C3v symmetry, and its true atomic structure has not been revealed so far. We here report low temperature (
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