| 1. |
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- 2017
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In: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Alexander, Stephen P. H., et al.
(author)
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
- 2023
-
In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. - : British pharmacological society. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at . G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 3. |
- Beaney, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
May measurement month 2019 : The global blood pressure screening campaign of the international society of hypertension
- 2020
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In: Hypertension. - 0194-911X. ; 76:2, s. 333-341
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure remains the single biggest risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease and mortality. May Measurement Month is an annual global screening campaign aiming to improve awareness of blood pressure at the individual and population level. Adults (≥18 years) recruited through opportunistic sampling were screened at sites in 92 countries during May 2019. Ideally, 3 blood pressure readings were measured for each participant, and data on lifestyle factors and comorbidities were collected. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg (mean of the second and third readings) or taking antihypertensive medication. When necessary, multiple imputation was used to estimate participants' mean blood pressure. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate associations between blood pressure and participant characteristics. Of 1 508 130 screenees 482 273 (32.0%) had never had a blood pressure measurement before and 513 337 (34.0%) had hypertension, of whom 58.7% were aware, and 54.7% were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 57.8% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 28.9% to <130/80 mm Hg. Of all those with hypertension, 31.7% were controlled to <140/90 mm Hg, and 350 825 (23.3%) participants had untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. Of those taking antihypertensive medication, half were taking only a single drug, and 25% reported using aspirin inappropriately. This survey is the largest ever synchronized and standardized contemporary compilation of global blood pressure data. This campaign is needed as a temporary substitute for systematic blood pressure screening in many countries worldwide.
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| 4. |
- Christopoulos, Arthur, et al.
(author)
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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.
- 2021
-
In: British journal of pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 178 Suppl 1
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 5. |
- Kaschina, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation : a novel option of therapeutic interference with the renin-angiotensin system in myocardial infarction?
- 2008
-
In: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 118:24, s. 2523-32
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study is the first to examine the effect of direct angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor stimulation on postinfarct cardiac function with the use of the novel nonpeptide AT(2) receptor agonist compound 21 (C21). METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in Wistar rats by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. Treatment with C21 (0.01, 0.03, 0.3 mg/kg per day IP) was started 24 hours after MI and was continued until euthanasia (7 days after MI). Infarct size was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and hemodynamic measurements were performed via transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and intracardiac Millar catheter. Cardiac tissues were analyzed for inflammation and apoptosis markers with immunoblotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. C21 significantly improved systolic and diastolic ventricular function. Scar size was smallest in the C21-treated rats. In regard to underlying mechanisms, C21 diminished MI-induced Fas-ligand and caspase-3 expression in the peri-infarct zone, indicating an antiapoptotic effect. Phosphorylation of the p44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, both involved in the regulation of cell survival, was strongly reduced after MI but almost completely rescued by C21 treatment. Furthermore, C21 decreased MI-induced serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and myeloperoxidase as well as cardiac interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-2 expression, suggesting an antiinflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS: Direct AT(2) receptor stimulation may be a novel therapeutic approach to improve post-MI systolic and diastolic function by antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory mechanisms.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Poulter, Neil R., et al.
(author)
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May Measurement Month : results of 12 national blood pressure screening programmes between 2017 and 2019
- 2022
-
In: European Heart Journal, Supplement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1520-765X .- 1554-2815. ; 24:Sf, s. 1-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The frst May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign, a global blood pressure (BP) screening programme, began in 2017 as an initiative of the International Society of Hypertension.1 Two subsequent annual campaigns have also been completed in consecutive years2,3 and having had to defer activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 the fourth campaign was run in 2021, the results of which are currently in press. Since its initiation in 2017, volunteers from more than 100 countries have participated. The aims of MMM have remained consistent from the start-to raise awareness of the importance of the measurement of BP at the individual and population level and to provide a temporary pragmatic solution to the shortfall in BP screening programmes in countries around the world.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almora, Osbel, et al.
(author)
-
Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 1)
- 2020
-
In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emerging photovoltaics (PVs) focus on a variety of applications complementing large scale electricity generation. Organic, dye-sensitized, and some perovskite solar cells are considered in building integration, greenhouses, wearable, and indoor applications, thereby motivating research on flexible, transparent, semitransparent, and multi-junction PVs. Nevertheless, it can be very time consuming to find or develop an up-to-date overview of the state-of-the-art performance for these systems and applications. Two important resources for recording research cells efficiencies are the National Renewable Energy Laboratory chart and the efficiency tables compiled biannually by Martin Green and colleagues. Both publications provide an effective coverage over the established technologies, bridging research and industry. An alternative approach is proposed here summarizing the best reports in the diverse research subjects for emerging PVs. Best performance parameters are provided as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, e.g., the Shockley–Queisser limit. In all cases, the reported data correspond to published and/or properly described certified results, with enough details provided for prospective data reproduction. Additionally, the stability test energy yield is included as an analysis parameter among state-of-the-art emerging PVs.
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| 11. |
- Bader, Thomas K., 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Combined ultrasonic-mechanical characterization of orthotropic elastic properties of an unrefined bagasse fiber-polypropylene composite
- 2016
-
In: Composites Part B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-8368 .- 1879-1069. ; 95, s. 96-104
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Use of wood-fiber plastics for construction purposes calls for comprehensive understanding of their anisotropic mechanical properties. As a respective contribution, we here report the first-ever complete elasticity characterization of an orthotropic bagasse fiber polypropylene composite, requiring identification of nine independent constants. For this purpose, we carry out characterization in principal material directions. Six diagonal stiffness tensor components are quantified based on ultrasonic longitudinal and shear wave velocity measurements; and three diagonal compliance tensor components are identified as the inverses of three Young’s moduli derived from unloading regimes of quasi-static uniaxial compression tests. Combination of all measurement data in the framework of orthotropic linear elasticity provides access to all off-diagonal stiffness and compliance tensor components, opening the door to quantifying six Poisson’s ratios.
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| 12. |
- Dagar, Janardan, et al.
(author)
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Alkali Salts as Interface Modifiers in n-i-p Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2019
-
In: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 3:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- After demonstration of a 23% power conversion efficiency, a high operational stability is the next most important scientific and technological challenge in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A potential failure mechanism is tied to a bias-induced ion migration, which causes current–voltage hysteresis and a decay in the device performance over time. Herein, alkali salts are shown to mitigate hysteresis and stabilize device performance in n-i-p hybrid planar PSCs. Different alkali salts of potassium chloride, iodide, and nitrate as well as sodium chloride and iodide are deposited from aqueous solution onto the n-type contact, based on SnO2, prior to deposition of the perovskite absorber Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. Introduction of potassium-based alkali salts suppresses the current–voltage hysteresis and stabilizes the operational device stability at the maximum power point. This is attributed to the suppression of hole trapping at the n-type selective transport layer (SnO2)/perovskite interface observed by surface photovoltage spectroscopy, which is interpreted to reduce interfacial recombination and improve charge carrier extraction. The best and most stable performance of 19% is achieved using potassium nitrate as the interface modifier. Devices with higher and more stable performance exhibit substantially lower current transients, analyzed during maximum power point tracking.
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| 13. |
- Dagar, Janardan, et al.
(author)
-
Compositional and Interfacial Engineering Yield High-Performance and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules
- 2021
-
In: ACS applied materials & interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:11, s. 13022-13033
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Through the optimization of the perovskite precursor composition and interfaces to selective contacts, we achieved a p-i-n-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a 22.3% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This is a new performance record for a PSC with an absorber bandgap of 1.63 eV. We demonstrate that the high device performance originates from a synergy between (1) an improved perovskite absorber quality when introducing formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive in the "triple cation" Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbBr0.51I2.49 (Cs-MAFA) perovskite precursor ink, (2) an increased open-circuit voltage, VOC, due to reduced recombination losses when using a lithium fluoride (LiF) interfacial buffer layer, and (3) high-quality hole-selective contacts with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) on ITO electrodes. While all devices exhibit a high performance after fabrication, as determined from current-density voltage, J-V, measurements, substantial differences in device performance become apparent when considering longer-term stability data. A reduced long-term stability of devices with the introduction of a LiF interlayer is compensated for by using FACl as an additive in the metal-halide perovskite thin-film deposition. Optimized devices maintained about 80% of the initial average PCE during maximum power point (MPP) tracking for >700 h. We scaled the optimized device architecture to larger areas and achieved fully laser patterned series-interconnected mini-modules with a PCE of 19.4% for a 2.2 cm2 active area. A robust device architecture and reproducible deposition methods are fundamental for high performance and stable large-area single junction and tandem modules based on PSCs.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Göransson, Lisa, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Linkages between demand-side management and congestion in the European electricity transmission system
- 2014
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 69, s. 860-872
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluate the possibility to reduce congestion in the transmission grid through large-scale implementation of demand-side management (DSM) in the form of load shifting for the EU-27 countries, Norway, and Switzerland for Year 2020. A linear, cost-minimising, dispatch model that includes a DC load-flow description of the transmission system and a general representation of load shifting is used. It is assumed that the EU Member States fulfil the targets for Year 2020 in their national renewable energy action plans. In the model calculations, a reference case without load shifting is compared with cases in which the load shifting is 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% of the load. The possibility to shift load in time is added exogenously and economic incentives for DSM are not evaluated. Three types of congestion are identified: peak-load-hour congestion, low-load-hour congestion and all-hour congestion. Peak-load-hour congestion is reduced as the DSM share of the load increases, whereas low-load-hour congestion, which is typically associated with a high level of wind generation, persists at all the DSM penetration levels investigated. We show that all-hour congestion occurs between systems that have large differences in supply structure, and that the impact of DSM on all-hour congestion is low. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Hellmark, Thomas, et al.
(author)
-
Identification of a clinically relevant immunodominant region of collagen IV in Goodpasture disease
- 1999
-
In: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 55:3, s. 936-944
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The characteristic feature of Goodpasture disease is the occurrence of an autoantibody response to the noncollagenous domain of the alpha3 chain of type IV collagen [alpha3(IV)NC1] in the alveolar and glomerular basement membrane. These antibodies are associated with the development of a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, with or without lung hemorrhage, whereas autoantibodies specific for the other alpha chains of the heterotrimeric type IV collagen probably do not cause disease. In this study, we have investigated whether differences in fine specificity of autoimmune recognition of the alpha3(IV)NC1 correlate with clinical outcome. METHODS: For mapping of antibody binding to type IV collagen, chimeric collagen constructs were generated in which parts of the alpha3(IV)NC1 domain were replaced by the corresponding sequences of homologous nonreactive alpha1(IV). The different recombinant collagen chimeras allowed the analysis of antibody specificities in 77 sera from well-documented patients. RESULTS: One construct that harbors the aminoterminal third of the alpha3(IV)NC1 was recognized by all sera, indicating that it represents the dominant target of the B-cell response in Goodpasture disease. Seventy percent of the samples recognized other parts of the molecule as well. However, only reactivity to the N-terminus of the alpha3(IV)NC1 correlated with prognosis, that is, kidney survival after six months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the crucial importance of antibody recognition of this particular domain for the pathogenesis of Goodpasture disease, thereby opening new avenues for the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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| 17. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Delrapport B1. Nyckelverksamheter i omställningen - Till Klimaträttsutredningen M 2019:05
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vårt uppdrag från Klimaträttsutredningen har bestått i att svara på om, samt på vilka grunder, man kan peka ut fysiska verksamheter som bedöms kunna vara avgörande för att målet om nettonollutsläpp ska kunna nås i Sverige. Det övergripande syftet med detta är att i så fall, i en tillståndsprövning, kunna ha möjligheten att låta dessa verksamheters potentiella klimatnytta i vissa fall väga tyngre än lokal miljöpåverkan eller andra samhällsmål. Som vi resonerar kring i rapporten vill vi särskilt understryka vikten av ett systemperspektiv i den omställning vi är inne i, samt de risker och utmaningar vi ser kopplat till att specifikt peka ut ett antal nyckelverksamheter som bör gynnas i tillståndsprövningar. Behovet av att klimatnyttan av en verksamhet ska kunna vägas in i en tillståndsprövning som gäller lokal miljöpåverkan är uppenbar men, enligt vår uppfattning, inte självklar med avseende på vilka kriterier som ska tillämpas. Vi har istället valt att föreslå ett begränsat antal (fyra) grupperingar av tekniker eller verksamheter – ”strategiska funktioner” – som vi anser är kritiska för att bidra till en effektiv klimatomställning i Sverige och för att uppnå Sveriges nationella klimatmål. Som vi beskriver i rapporten kan dessa strategiska funktioner omfatta ett antal olika tekniker och verksamheter, vilket vi ger exempel på under respektive grupp. Skälet till detta är att man då undviker att peka ut ett antal utvalda tekniker/verksamheter som särskilt viktiga, av orsaker vi resonerar kring i rapporten. Grupperingen i fyra kategorier av nyckelfunktioner ska därför ses som ett möjligt alternativ att svara på vad som skulle kunna ses som nyckelverksamheter i klimatomställningen. De kriterier som ska användas för respektive nyckelfunktion får då istället avgöras i den enskilda prövningen, men vi ger i rapporten ett antal exempel på förslag till kriterier som skulle kunna användas (även om de är långtifrån självklara, av skäl som vi också resonerar kring i rapporten).
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| 18. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(author)
-
Delrapport B2. Elektrifieringens betydelse för omställningen - till Klimaträttsutredningen M 2019:05
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie är dels att peka på betydelsen av elektrifieringen som åtgärd för att nå Sveriges klimatmål, dels att utreda vad detta kan komma att innebära för den framtida elanvändningen. Eftersom industrin och transportsektorn idag står för de största utsläppen av växthusgaser ligger fokus för denna studie på en analys av elektrifieringens roll i dessa sektorer. Vi kan konstatera att elektrifiering som klimatåtgärd inom industri och transport har rönt stor uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren. Det handlar bland annat om att järn- och stålindustrin, som står för de största industriella utsläppen av koldioxid i Sverige, har aviserat ett antal projekt och investeringar som, om de realiseras, helt kommer att ställa om denna bransch, kraftigt minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och väsentligt bidra till en ökad elförbrukning. Även andra industribranscher har aviserat ambitioner att ersätta fossil bränsleanvändning med el och vätgas. Men utvecklingen berör också transportsektorn där försäljningen av elfordon har tagit ordentlig fart och där flertalet prognoser pekar på att majoriteten av nybilsförsäljningen av lätta fordon kommer att utgöras av laddbara fordon innan 2030. Om denna utveckling fortgår och förstärks enligt de planer och ambitioner som finns så bedöms Sverige, genom elektrifieringen, ha goda förutsättningar att nå sitt nettonollutsläppsmål till 2045. Elektrifiering är inte den enda åtgärden som erfordras för den klimatpolitiska omställningen utan kommer att ackompanjeras av andra åtgärder som exempelvis ökad användning av biobränslen och effektiviseringar. Däremot pekar väldigt mycket på att elektrifiering kan bli den enskilt viktigaste åtgärden för att omställningen ska ske tillräckligt snabbt och i tillräcklig omfattning. Det finns dock ett antal viktiga omständigheter som kan utgöra hinder för en ökad elektrifiering och, därmed på sikt, äventyra de svenska klimatmålen. En omfattande elektrifiering av det slag som sannolikt krävs, och som analyseras i denna rapport, innebär en infrastrukturell kraftansträngning inte minst med avseende på utbyggnad av elnätsinfrastruktur och elproduktion. Ledtiderna för sådana satsningar kan av flera skäl bli mycket långdragna. Detta bidrar till ökade osäkerheter och riskerar leda till att projekt som syftar till minskade växthusgasutsläpp men som kräver ansenliga mängder el inte blir av. En genomgång av olika studier indikerar att den svenska elanvändningen kan komma att i princip fördubblas till 2050 givet att elektrifieringen blir omfattande inom industri och transporter. En omfattande elektrifiering är i grund och botten en önskvärd utveckling med tanke på klimatutmaningen. Men denna utveckling kommer också att fordra en bred samhällelig uppslutning för att bli lyckosam.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jönsson, Daniel, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Direct Transmittance Estimation in Heterogeneous Participating Media Using Approximated Taylor Expansions
- 2022
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-2626 .- 1941-0506. ; 28:7, s. 2602-2614
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Evaluating the transmittance between two points along a ray is a key component in solving the light transport through heterogeneous participating media and entails computing an intractable exponential of the integrated medium's extinction coefficient. While algorithms for estimating this transmittance exist, there is a lack of theoretical knowledge about their behaviour, which also prevent new theoretically sound algorithms from being developed. For this purpose, we introduce a new class of unbiased transmittance estimators based on random sampling or truncation of a Taylor expansion of the exponential function. In contrast to classical tracking algorithms, these estimators are non-analogous to the physical light transport process and directly sample the underlying extinction function without performing incremental advancement. We present several versions of the new class of estimators, based on either importance sampling or Russian roulette to provide finite unbiased estimators of the infinite Taylor series expansion. We also show that the well known ratio tracking algorithm can be seen as a special case of the new class of estimators. Lastly, we conduct performance evaluations on both the central processing unit (CPU) and the graphics processing unit (GPU), and the results demonstrate that the new algorithms outperform traditional algorithms for heterogeneous mediums.
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| 21. |
- Kegelmann, Lukas, et al.
(author)
-
It Takes Two to Tango - Double-Layer Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance and Reduced Hysteresis
- 2017
-
In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:20, s. 17245-17255
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solar cells made from inorganic-organic perovskites have gradually approached market requirements as their efficiency and stability have improved tremendously in recent years. Planar low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells are advantageous for possible large-scale production but are more prone to exhibiting photocurrent hysteresis, especially in the regular n-i-p structure. Here, a systematic characterization of different electron selective contacts with a variety of chemical and electrical properties in planar n-i-p devices processed below 180 °C is presented. The inorganic metal oxides TiO2 and SnO2, the organic fullerene derivatives C60, PCBM, and ICMA, as well as double-layers with a metal oxide/PCBM structure are used as electron transport materials (ETMs). Perovskite layers deposited atop the different ETMs with the herein applied fabrication method show a similar morphology according to scanning electron microscopy. Further, surface photovoltage spectroscopy measurements indicate comparable perovskite absorber qualities on all ETMs, except TiO2, which shows a more prominent influence of defect states. Transient photoluminescence studies together with current-voltage scans over a broad range of scan speeds reveal faster charge extraction, less pronounced hysteresis effects, and higher efficiencies for devices with fullerene compared to those with metal oxide ETMs. Beyond this, only double-layer ETM structures substantially diminish hysteresis effects for all performed scan speeds and strongly enhance the power conversion efficiency up to a champion stabilized value of 18.0%. The results indicate reduced recombination losses for a double-layer TiO2/PCBM contact design: First, a reduction of shunt paths through the fullerene to the ITO layer. Second, an improved hole blocking by the wide band gap metal oxide. Third, decreased transport losses due to an energetically more favorable contact, as implied by photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The herein demonstrated improvements of multilayer selective contacts may serve as a general design guideline for perovskite solar cells.
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| 22. |
- Kirchartz, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Research Update : Recombination and open-circuit voltage in lead-halide perovskites
- 2018
-
In: APL Materials. - : AIP Publishing. - 2166-532X. ; 6:10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The high open-circuit voltage and the slow recombination in lead-halide perovskite solar cells has been one of the main contributors to their success as photovoltaic materials. Here, we review the knowledge on recombination in perovskite-based solar cells, compare the situation with silicon solar cells, and introduce the parameters used to describe recombination and open-circuit voltage losses in solar cells. We first discuss the effect of lifetimes and surface recombination velocities on photovoltaic performance before we study the microscopic origin of charge-carrier lifetimes. The lifetimes depend on defect positions and densities and on the kinetic prefactors that control the phonon-assisted interaction between the extended states in the conduction and valence band and the localized defect states. We finally argue that the key to understand the long lifetimes and high open-circuit voltages is a combination of a low density of deep defects and a slow dissipation of energy via multiphonon processes due to the low phonon energies in the lead-halide perovskites.
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| 23. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(author)
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Transforming the energy system in Västra Götaland and Halland – linking short term actions to long term goals
- 2015
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study analyzes pathways to meet EU, national and regional targets for CO2 emissions, energy efficiency and penetration of renewable energy in the Swedish part of the Kattegat-Skagerrak region (KASK-SE), i.e. more specifically in the counties of Västra Götaland (VGR) and Halland. Special focus is placed on four areas: The potential for energy savings in the building sector, energy savings and fuel shifting in the energy intensive industry, large-scale deployment of renewables in the electricity generation sector and greenhouse gas emission reductions in the transport sector. The energy savings are through the implementation of different energy efficiency measures.
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| 24. |
- Kronander, Joel, et al.
(author)
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Pseudo-Marginal Metropolis Light Transport
- 2015
-
In: Proceeding SA '15 SIGGRAPH Asia 2015 Technical Briefs. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450339308 ; , s. 13:1-13:4
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Accurate and efficient simulation of light transport in heterogeneous participating media, such as smoke, clouds and fire, plays a key role in the synthesis of visually interesting renderings for e.g. visual effects, computer games and product visualization. However, rendering of scenes with heterogenous participating with Metropolis light transport (MLT) algorithms have previously been limited to primary sample space methods or using biased approximations of the transmittance in the scene. This paper presents a new sampling strategy for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, e.g. MLT, based on pseudo-marginal MCMC. Specifically, we show that any positive and unbiased estimator of the target distribution can replace the exact quantity to simulate a Markov Chain with a stationary distribution that has a marginal which is the exact target distribution of interest. This enables us to evaluate the transmittance function with recent unbiased estimators which leads to significantly shorter rendering times. Compared to previous work, relying on (biased) ray-marching for evaluating transmittance, our method enables simulation of longer Markov chains, a better exploration of the path space, and consequently less image noise, for a given computational budget. To demonstrate the usefulness of our pseudo-marginal approach, we compare it to representative methods for efficient rendering of anisotropic heterogeneous participating media and glossy transfer. We show that it performs significantly better in terms of image noise and rendering times compared to previous techniques. Our method is robust, and can easily be implemented in a modern renderer.
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| 25. |
- Kronander, Joel, et al.
(author)
-
Real-time video based lighting using GPU raytracing
- 2014
-
In: Proceedings of the 22nd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2014. - : IEEE Signal Processing Society.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The recent introduction of HDR video cameras has enabled the development of image based lighting techniques for rendering virtual objects illuminated with temporally varying real world illumination. A key challenge in this context is that rendering realistic objects illuminated with video environment maps is computationally demanding. In this work, we present a GPU based rendering system based on the NVIDIA OptiX framework, enabling real time raytracing of scenes illuminated with video environment maps. For this purpose, we explore and compare several Monte Carlo sampling approaches, including bidirectional importance sampling, multiple importance sampling and sequential Monte Carlo samplers. While previous work have focused on synthetic data and overly simple environment maps sequences, we have collected a set of real world dynamic environment map sequences using a state-of-art HDR video camera for evaluation and comparisons.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lederer, Wolfgang, et al.
(author)
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Influence of different types of reinforcements on the embedment behavior of steel dowels in wood
- 2016
-
In: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 74:6, s. 793-807
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, dowel displacement-embedment stress relationships for different types, numbers and positions of reinforcements were experimentally investigated using a half-hole embedment test setup. Tests were performed parallel to the grain and in compression. Screws with a full or partial thread at different positions below the dowel and oriented strand board, plywood and nail plates on the loaded surfaces of the specimens, served as reinforcements. Test results underline their potential for an increased ductility of dowel-type connections. Comparison of reinforced and unreinforced specimens suggests premature failure of the unreinforced wood and consequently, an underestimation of the embedment strength as it is subsequently used in the design of dowel connections using the European yield model. This was supported by the investigation of cracks on the surface of the specimens visualized by means of a full-field deformation measurement system. It could be demonstrated that the strength in the embedment test even further increases if the reinforcement elements actively contribute to the load transfer. This property however cannot be considered as embedment strength, but represents the strength of a connection system. Test data is compared to the design equation in Eurocode 5.
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| 29. |
- Mattsson, Niclas, 1967, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of perturbations in a dynamic system – The case of Nordic power production
- 2008
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We use a dynamic model of the production of electricity and district heat in the Nordic countries to investigate the effects of small changes in the Nordic power-supply system. Our aim is to improve the understanding concerning marginal effects in this system and in dynamic production systems in general. Specifically, we investigate the effects of an earlier closing of a nuclear reactor, and of increases in short-term and long-term electricity demand. Our results demonstrate that a long-term perturbation has both short-term and long-term effects. To account for short-term effects only can be a serious limitation in a study aiming at describing the effects of decisions. Marginal effects in a dynamic system are likely to involve a complex and uncertain mix of different technologies. The magnitude of the effects can be greater than the perturbation itself and remain long after it has ended. Perturbations in one production system can also have marginal effects outside this system.
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| 30. |
- Mesher, David, et al.
(author)
-
Population-level effects of human papillomavirus vaccination programs on infections with nonvaccine genotypes
- 2016
-
In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 22:10, s. 1732-1740
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalences during prevaccination and postvaccination periods to consider possible changes in nonvaccine HPV genotypes after introduction of vaccines that confer protection against 2 high-risk types, HPV16 and HPV18. Our meta-analysis included 9 studies with data for 13,886 girls and women ≤19 years of age and 23,340 women 20–24 years of age. We found evidence of cross-protection for HPV31 among the younger age group after vaccine introduction but little evidence for reductions of HPV33 and HPV45. For the group this same age group, we also found slight increases in 2 nonvaccine high-risk HPV types (HPV39 and HPV52) and in 2 possible high-risk types (HPV53 and HPV73). However, results between age groups and vaccines used were inconsistent, and the increases had possible alternative explanations; consequently, these data provided no clear evidence for type replacement. Continued monitoring of these HPV genotypes is important.
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| 31. |
- Micke, Patrick, et al.
(author)
-
Regulation of tyrosine phosphatases in the adventitia during vascular remodelling
- 2009
-
In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 382:4, s. 678-684
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are regulators of growth factor signalling in vascular remodelling. The aim of this study was to evaluate PTP expression in the context of PDGF-signalling in the adventitia after angioplasty. Utilising a rat carotid artery model, the adventitial layers of injured and non-injured vessels were laser microdissected. The mRNA expression of the PDGF beta-receptor, the ligands PDGF-A/B/C/D and the receptor-antagonising PTPs (DEP-1, TC-PTP, SHP-2, PTP1B) were determined and correlated to vascular morphometrics, proliferation markers and PDGF beta-receptor phosphorylation. The levels of the PDGF beta-receptor, PDGF-C and PDGF-D were upregulated concurrently with the antagonising PTPs DEP-1 and TC-PTP at day 8, and normalised at day 14 after vessel injury. Although the proliferation parameters were time-dependently altered in the adventitial layer, the phosphorylation of the PDGF beta-receptor remained unchanged. The expression dynamics of specific PTPs indicate a regulatory role of PDGF-signalling also in the adventitia during vascular remodelling.
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| 32. |
- Möller, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
För ett bättre Lunds universitet nu
- 2015
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In: LUM: Lunds Universitets Magasin. - 1653-2295. ; :7, s. 34-34
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Kollektivt författad skrivelse, "För ett bättre Lunds universitet nu", om villkoren för unga forskare vid LU, publicerad i LUM nr 7/2015, s. 34 under rubriken "Ta vara på unga forskares kapacitet!".
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| 33. |
- Näsström, Hampus, et al.
(author)
-
Combinatorial inkjet printing for compositional tuning of metal-halide perovskite thin films
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:9, s. 4906-4914
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To accelerate the materials discovery and development process for a sustainable technology advancement it is imperative to explore and develop combined high-throughput material synthesis and analysis workflows. In this work, we investigate a method of combinatorial inkjet-printing to tune the composition of the inorganic cesium lead mixed halide perovskite solid solution, CsPb(BrxI1-x)3. The compositional variation is achieved by simultaneous printing of different precursor inks with multiple printheads and controlled by varying the number of droplets printed by each printhead throughout the sample. The droplet placement is optimised through an algorithm that allows maximum mixing of the combined inks. The local compositional homogeneity of thin-film samples was investigated as a function of the printing resolution by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence and synchrotron-based grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. We show that a combinatorial library of ten compositions between CsPbI3 and CsPbBr2I, printed using the developed algorithm, is locally homogeneous for the optimised printing parameters. An implementation of the algorithm in the high-level programming language Python is provided for easy use in other systems.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Odenberger, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Pathways for the North European electricity supply
- 2009
-
In: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215. ; 37:5, s. 1660-1677
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the development of the electricity-supply systems in Northern Europe(Germany, UK, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway) until the year 2050. The focus is onthe response to an assumed common stringent CO2-reduction target and on the role of carbon captureand storage technologies (CCS). Special emphasis is put on turn-over in capital stock, timingof investments and the infrastructural implications of large-scale introduction of CCS. The analysis iscarried out through scenario analysis with the aid of a techno-economic model, in which a caseincluding CCS is compared to a case excluding this option. The phase out of the present capitalstock (power plants) is included from the Chalmers energy infrastructure databases, which givesinformation on present and planned power plants down to block level for plants exceeding 10MW netelectric power. Assuming technical lifetimes for these plants yield residual capacities in each year, herereferred to as the phase-out pattern. CCS technologies are assumed to become commercially availablein 2020.The age structure of the power plants indicate that full turn-over in capital stock will take severaldecades with the present generation capacities accounting for around 50% of generated electricity in2020. The results show that CO2 emission reductions of 20% and 60% by the years 2020 and 2050,respectively, relative to 1990, can be met at a marginal cost of abatement of about 25–40 h/ton CO2 overthe period studied if CCS is included as an option from 2020. At the same time the marginal cost ofgenerating electricity lies in the range 45–60 h/MWh. Excluding CCS raises the marginal cost ofabatement with about 10 h/ton CO2, whereas the marginal cost of electricity generation increases withroughly 5–10 h/MWh. The CO2 target by the year 2020 is met by implementation of renewableelectricity and fuel shifting from coal to gas. After 2020 CCS technologies constitute an attractive wayfor cost efficient and almost CO2-free base load. However, wide-spread application of CCS is aninfrastructural challenge with respect to implementing capture plants as well as building up acorresponding CO2 infrastructure for transportation and storage as well as in coal supply systems. Giventhe price assumptions applied, gas may not be competitive once CCS enters the system causing earlyretirements of such units or possibly stranded assets.
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| 36. |
- Oksenberg, Eitan, et al.
(author)
-
Deconvoluting Energy Transport Mechanisms in Metal Halide Perovskites Using CsPbBr3 Nanowires as a Model System
- 2021
-
In: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 31:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding energy transport in metal halide perovskites is essential to effectively guide further optimization of materials and device designs. However, difficulties to disentangle charge carrier diffusion, photon recycling, and photon transport have led to contradicting reports and uncertainty regarding which mechanism dominates. In this study, monocrystalline CsPbBr3 nanowires serve as 1D model systems to help unravel the respective contribution of energy transport processes in metal-halide perovskites. Spatially, temporally, and spectrally resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy reveals characteristic signatures of each transport mechanism from which a robust model describing the PL signal accounting for carrier diffusion, photon propagation, and photon recycling is developed. For the investigated CsPbBr3 nanowires, an ambipolar carrier mobility of μ = 35 cm2 V−1 s−1 is determined, and is found that charge carrier diffusion dominates the energy transport process over photon recycling. Moreover, the general applicability of the developed model is demonstrated on different perovskite compounds by applying it to data provided in previous related reports, from which clarity is gained as to why conflicting reports exist. These findings, therefore, serve as a useful tool to assist future studies aimed at characterizing energy transport mechanisms in semiconductor nanowires using PL.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Phung, Nga, et al.
(author)
-
Photoprotection in metal halide perovskites by ionic defect formation
- 2022
-
In: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 6:9, s. 2152-2174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photostability is critical for long-term solar cell operation. While light-triggered defects are usually reported as evidence of material degradation, we reveal that the formation of certain defects in metal halide perovskites is crucial for protection against intense or prolonged light exposure. We identify an inherent self-regulating cycle of formation and recovery of ionic defects under light exposure that mitigates the overheating of the lattice due to hot carrier cooling, which allows exposure to several thousand suns without degrading. The excess energy instead dissipates by forming defects, which in turn alters the optoelectronic properties of the absorber, resulting in a temporary reduction of photon absorption. Defects gradually recover to restore the original optoelectronic properties of the absorber. Photoprotection is a key feature for the photostability in plants. Thus, finding a protection mechanism in metal halide perovskites similar to those in nature is encouraging for the development of long-term sustainable solar cells.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Rompe, Franziska, et al.
(author)
-
Direct Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Stimulation Acts Anti-Inflammatory Through Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid and Inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa B
- 2010
-
In: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 55:4, s. 924-931
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptors can be regarded as an endogenous repair system, because the AT(2) receptor is upregulated in tissue damage and mediates tissue protection. A potential therapeutic use of this system has only recently come within reach through synthesis of the first selective, orally active, nonpeptide AT(2) receptor agonist, compound 21 (C21; dissociation constant for AT(2) receptor: 0.4 nM; dissociation constant for angiotensin II type 1 receptor: >10 000 nM). This study tested AT(2) receptor stimulation with C21 as a potential future therapeutic approach for the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and of nuclear factor kappa B. C21 dose-dependently (1 nM to 1 mu mol/L) reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin 6 levels in primary human and murine dermal fibroblasts. AT(2) receptor specificity was controlled for by inhibition with the AT(2) receptor antagonist PD123319 and by the absence of effects in AT(2) receptor-deficient cells. AT(2) receptor-coupled signaling leading to reduced interleukin 6 levels involved inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B, activation of protein phosphatases, and synthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. Inhibition of interleukin 6 promoter activity by C21 was comparable in strength to inhibition by hydrocortisone. C21 also reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro and in bleomycin-induced toxic cutaneous inflammation in vivo. This study is the first to show the anti-inflammatory effects of direct AT(2) receptor stimulation in vitro and in vivo by the orally active, nonpeptide AT(2) receptor agonist C21. These data suggest that pharmacological AT(2) receptor stimulation may be an orally applicable future therapeutic approach in pathological settings requiring the reduction of interleukin 6 or inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Schutte, Aletta E., et al.
(author)
-
Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control : perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension
- 2023
-
In: Cardiovascular Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0008-6363 .- 1755-3245. ; 119:2, s. 381-409
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework.
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| 46. |
- Schweigler, Michael, et al.
(author)
-
Load-to-grain angle dependence of the embedment behavior of dowel-type fasteners in laminated veneer lumber
- 2016
-
In: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 126, s. 1020-1033
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Load-to-grain angle dependence of the embedment behavior of steel dowels in laminated veneer lumber, as a consequence of the anisotropic material behavior of wood, is experimentally investigated in this study. As a novel issue, in addition to the stress dependence, the displacement path of the dowel depend- ing on the load-to-grain angle, is discussed. Full-hole embedment tests of screw-reinforced LVL speci- mens up to dowel displacements of two times the dowel diameter and thus, representative for highly ductile dowel connections were conducted. Tests were performed with unconstrained lateral displace- ment boundary conditions of steel dowels with a diameter of 12 mm and 16 mm. Surface deformations were monitored with a full-field deformation measurement system. Increasing the load-to-grain angle caused reduced quasi-elastic limits and loading stiffness. However, for load-to-grain angles of 60 and higher, a pronounced displacement-hardening effect, leading to high embedment stresses at large dowel displacements, was observed. For the investigated dowel diameters, surface strains and plastic deforma- tions around the dowel indicate an almost dowel diameter independent load bearing area, which might explain higher nominal embedment stresses and consequently a more pronounced hardening effect of the smaller dowel diameter. Dowel displacements perpendicular to the initial loading direction, i.e., non- linear displacement paths of the dowel, were related to the anisotropic stiffness of wood and densifica- tion effects close to the dowel. The established experimental dataset was compared to current European timber engineering design equations and could serve as input to analytical and numerical models of dowel connections.
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| 47. |
- Schwengel, Katja, et al.
(author)
-
Angiotensin AT2-receptor stimulation improves survival and neurological outcome after experimental stroke in mice
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2716 .- 1432-1440. ; 94:8, s. 957-966
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of post-stroke, direct AT2-receptor (AT2R) stimulation with the non-peptide AT2R-agonist compound 21 (C21) on infarct size, survival and neurological outcome after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice and looked for potential underlying mechanisms. C57/BL6J or AT2R-knockout mice (AT2-KO) underwent MCAO for 30 min followed by reperfusion. Starting 45 min after MCAO, mice were treated once daily for 4 days with either vehicle or C21 (0.03 mg/kg ip). Neurological deficits were scored daily. Infarct volumes were measured 96 h post-stroke by MRI. C21 significantly improved survival after MCAO when compared to vehicle-treated mice. C21 treatment had no impact on infarct size, but significantly attenuated neurological deficits. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) (receptor for BDNF) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) were significantly increased in the peri-infarct cortex of C21-treated mice when compared to vehicle-treated mice. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic neurons was significantly decreased in the peri-infarct cortex in mice treated with C21 compared to controls. There were no effects of C21 on neurological outcome, infarct size and expression of BDNF or GAP-43 in AT2-KO mice. From these data, it can be concluded that AT2R stimulation attenuates early mortality and neurological deficits after experimental stroke through neuroprotective mechanisms in an AT2R-specific way.
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| 48. |
- Sköldberg, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
BIO-CCS I FJÄRRVÄRMESEKTORN – SYNTES
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Den svenska fjärrvärmesektorn har stor potential att bidra med negativa koldioxidutsläpp genom bio-CCS, minst 10 Mton per år. Den största osäkerheten beträffande möjligheterna för bio-CCS gäller marknads förutsättningarna. Uppvärmningsbranschen har en vision om att år 2045 utgöra en kolsänka. Ett sätt att åstadkomma detta är genom att avskilja och lagra koldioxidutsläpp med biogent ursprung. Ett antal fjärrvärmeföretag har redan olika långt gångna planer på att satsa på bio-CCS. De har sett ett värde i att samarbeta kring hur detta kan åstadkommas. Ett led i detta är projektet Bio-CCS i fjärrvärmesektorn som består av ett gediget underlag baserat på forskning kring olika aspekter av frågan samt en strategi baserad på det underlaget. I denna rapport redovisas en syntes av detta forskningsarbete. Projektet visar att fjärrvärmesektorn har stor teoretisk potential att bidra med negativa koldioxidutsläpp, minst 10 Mton per år. I huvudsak är avskiljning, transport och lagring av koldioxid beprövad teknik även om tillämpningen i detta fall är ny. Även om bio-CCS är förknippad med energianvändning så bidrar tekniken sett ur ett systemperspektiv med stor nytta för att minska koldioxid[1]utsläppen. Bio-CCS är en relativt dyr teknik och det är angeläget att utnyttja samverkan och kluster för att exempelvis skapa ökad kostnadseffektivitet i transport och mellanlagring. Tillgång till lagringsplatser är en förutsättning för framgång och flera alternativ bedöms bli tillgängliga. Det kan dock uppstå konkurrens om tillgången till lagringsplatserna. De regelmässiga förutsättningarna för bio-CCS i Sverige har förbättrats avsevärt de senaste dryga decenniet. Flera regelmässiga hinder kvarstår dock. En del utgör mindre barriärer, andra är av mer betydande karaktär. Den största osäkerheten beträffande möjligheterna för bio-CCS gäller ekonomin. Flera potentiella finansieringsmetoder har studerats, både stöd, regleringar och frivilligmarknader. Det finns fortfarande oklarheter kring syftet med planerade stöd och det framtida ägandet av de negativa utsläppen. Det genomförda projektet har skapat ett forum för kunskapsuppbyggnad, erfarenhetsutbyte och nätverkande, vilket de deltagande företagen bedömt vara mycket värdefullt.
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| 49. |
- Steckelings, U. Muscha, et al.
(author)
-
Non-peptide AT2-receptor agonists
- 2011
-
In: Current opinion in pharmacology (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-4892 .- 1471-4973. ; 11:2, s. 187-192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The renin-angiotensin-system harbours two main receptor subtypes binding angiotensin II which are the AT1-receptor and the AT2-receptor. While the AT1-receptor has been a drug target in cardiovascular disease for many years, the AT2-receptor was only a subject of academic interest. This has changed with the design and synthesis of a first non-peptide, orally active AT2-receptor agonist, compound 21 (C21). First data using 021 revealed tissue protective effects and functional improvement after myocardial infarction and in hypertension-induced end organ damage, notably in a blood-pressure independent way. In all of these models, AT2-receptor mediated anti-inflammation seemed an important underlying mechanism. 021 is awaited to enter a phase I clinical study in 2011.
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| 50. |
- Steckelings, U. Muscha, et al.
(author)
-
The Angiotensin AT2 Receptor : From a Binding Site to a Novel Therapeutic Target
- 2022
-
In: Pharmacological Reviews. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0031-6997 .- 1521-0081. ; 74:4, s. 1051-1135
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has evolved from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and a target for new drugs in development. The AT2R represents an endogenous protective mechanism that can be manipulated in the majority of preclinical models to alleviate lung, renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, cutaneous, and neural diseases as well as cancer. This article is a comprehensive review summarizing our current knowledge of the AT2R, from its discovery to its position within the RAS and its overall functions. This is followed by an in-depth look at the characteristics of the AT2R, including its structure, intracellular signaling, homo- and heterodimerization, and expression. AT2R-selective ligands, from endogenous peptides to synthetic peptides and nonpeptide molecules that are used as research tools, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the known physiological roles of the AT2R and its abundant protective effects in multiple experimental disease models and expound on AT2R ligands that are undergoing development for clinical use. The present review highlights the controversial aspects and gaps in our knowledge of this receptor and illuminates future perspectives for AT2R research.
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