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| 2. |
- Abdo, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma-ray emission concurrent with the nova in the symbiotic binary V407 cygni
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 329:5993, s. 817-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novae are thermonuclear explosions on a white dwarf surface fueled by mass accreted from a companion star. Current physical models posit that shocked expanding gas from the nova shell can produce x-ray emission, but emission at higher energies has not been widely expected. Here, we report the Fermi Large Area Telescope detection of variable γ-ray emission (0.1 to 10 billion electron volts) from the recently detected optical nova of the symbiotic star V407 Cygni. We propose that the material of the nova shell interacts with the dense ambient medium of the red giant primary and that particles can be accelerated effectively to produce π0 decay γ-rays from proton-proton interactions. Emission involving inverse Compton scattering of the red giant radiation is also considered and is not ruled out.
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| 3. |
- Chalmers, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Report from the fourth international consensus meeting to harmonize core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME initiative)
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 175:1, s. 69-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a report of the fourth meeting of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative held in Malmo, Sweden on 23-24 April 2015 (HOME IV). The aim of the meeting was to achieve consensus over the preferred outcome instruments for measuring patient-reported symptoms and quality of life for the HOME core outcome set for atopic eczema (AE). Following presentations, which included data from systematic reviews, consensus discussions were held in a mixture of whole group and small group discussions. Small groups were allocated a priori to ensure representation of different stakeholders and countries. Decisions were voted on using electronic keypads. For the patient-reported symptoms, the group agreed by vote that itch, sleep loss, dryness, redness/inflamed skin and irritated skin were all considered essential aspects of AE symptoms. Many instruments for capturing patient-reported symptoms were discussed [ including the Patient-Oriented SCOring Atopic Dermatitis index, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Self-Administered Eczema Area and Severity Index, Itch Severity Scale, Atopic Dermatitis Quickscore and the Nottingham Eczema Severity Score] and, by consensus, POEM was selected as the preferred instrument to measure patient-reported symptoms. Further work is needed to determine the reliability and measurement error of POEM. Further work is also required to establish the importance of pain/soreness and the importance of collecting information regarding the intensity of symptoms in addition to their frequency. Much of the discussion on quality of life concerned the Dermatology Life Quality Index and Quality of Life Index for Atopic Dermatitis; however, consensus on a preferred instrument for measuring this domain could not be reached. In summary, POEM is recommended as the HOME core outcome instrument for measuring AE symptoms.
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| 4. |
- Farkas, I., et al.
(författare)
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Rates and mechanisms of water exchange of UO22+(aq) and UO2(oxalate)F(H2O)(2)(-) : A variable-temperature O-17 and F-19 NMR study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 39:4, s. 799-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study consists of two parts: The first part comprised an experimental determination of the kinetic parameters for the exchange of water between UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) and bulk water, including an ab initio study at the SCF and MP2 levels of the geometry of UO2(H2O)(5)(2+), UO2(H2O)(4)(2+), and UO2(H2O)(6)(2+) and the thermodynamics of their reactions with water. In the second part we made an experimental study of the rate of water exchange in uranyl complexes and investigated how this might depend on inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions. The experimental studies, made by using O-17 NMR, with Tb3+ as a chemical shift reagent, gave the following kinetic parameters at 25 degrees C: k(ex) = (1.30 +/- 0.05) x 10(6) s(-1); Delta H double dagger = 26.(1) +/- 1.(4) kJ/mol; Delta S double dagger = -40 +/- 5 J/(K mol). Additional mechanistic indicators were obtained from the known coordination geometry of U(VI) complexes with unidentate ligands and from the theoretical calculations. A survey of the literature shows that there are no known isolated complexes of UO22+ with unidentate ligands which have a coordination number larger than 5. This was corroborated by quantum chemical calculations which showed that the energy gains by binding an additional water to UO2(H2O)(4)(2+) and UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) are 29.8 and -2.4 kcal/mol, respectively. A comparison of the change in Delta U for the reactions UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) --> UO2(H2O)(4)(2+) + H2O and UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) + H2O --> UO2(H2O)(6)(2+) indicates that the thermodynamics favors the second (associative) reaction in gas phase at 0 K, while the thermodynamics of water transfer between the first and second coordination spheres, UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) --> UO2(H2O)(4)(H2O)(2+) and UO2(H2O)(5)(H2O)(2+) --> UO2(H2O)(6)(2+), favors the first (dissociative) reaction. The energy difference between the associative and dissociative reactions is small, and solvation has to be included in ab initio models in order to allow quantitative comparisons between experimental data and theory. Theoretical calculations of the activation energy were not possible because of the excessive computing time required. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, we suggest that the water exchange in UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) follows a dissociative interchange mechanism. The rates of exchange of water in UO2(oxalate)F(H2O)(2-) (and UO2(oxalate)F-2(H2O)(2-) studied previously) are much slower than in the aquation, k(ex) = 1.6 x 10(4) s(-1), an effect which we assign to hydrogen bonding involving coordinated water and fluoride. The kinetic parameters for the exchange of water in UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) and quenching of photo excited *UO2(H2O)(5)(2+) are very near the same, indicating similar mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
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| 11. |
- Tijani, Muyideen K., et al.
(författare)
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Acquisition, maintenance and adaptation of invasion inhibitory antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum invasion ligands involved in immune evasion
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Erythrocyte-binding antigens (EBAs) and P. falciparum reticulocyte-binding homologue proteins (PfRhs) are two important protein families that can vary in expression and utilization by P. falciparum to evade inhibitory antibodies. We evaluated antibodies at repeated time-points among individuals living in an endemic region in Nigeria over almost one year against these vaccine candidates. Antibody levels against EBA140, EBA175, EBA181, PfRh2, PfRh4, and MSP2, were measured by ELISA. We also used parasites with disrupted EBA140, EBA175 and EBA181 genes to show that all these were targets of invasion inhibitory antibodies. However, antigenic targets of inhibitory antibodies were not stable and changed substantially over time in most individuals, independent of age. Antibodies levels measured by ELISA also varied within and between individuals over time and the antibodies against EBA181, PfRh2 and MSP2 declined more rapidly in younger individuals (15 years) compared with older (>15). The breadth of high antibody responses over time was more influenced by age than by the frequency of infection. High antibody levels were associated with a more stable invasion inhibitory response, which could indicate that during the long process of formation of immunity, many changes not only in levels but also in functional responses are needed. This is an important finding in understanding natural immunity against malaria, which is essential for making an efficacious vaccine.
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| 12. |
- Abah, SE, et al.
(författare)
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Low plasma haptoglobin is a risk factor for life-threatening childhood severe malarial anemia and not an exclusive consequence of hemolysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 17527-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe Malarial Anemia (SMA), a life-threatening childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria syndrome requiring urgent blood transfusion, exhibits inflammatory and hemolytic pathology. Differentiating between hypo-haptoglobinemia due to hemolysis or that of genetic origin is key to understand SMA pathogenesis. We hypothesized that while malaria-induced hypo-haptoglobinemia should reverse at recovery, that of genetic etiology should not. We carried-out a case-control study of children living under hyper-endemic holoendemic malaria burden in the sub-Saharan metropolis of Ibadan, Nigeria. We show that hypo-haptoglobinemia is a risk factor for childhood SMA and not solely due to intravascular hemolysis from underlying schizogony. In children presenting with SMA, hypo-haptoglobinemia remains through convalescence to recovery suggesting a genetic cause. We identified a haptoglobin gene variant, rs12162087 (g.-1203G > A, frequency = 0.67), to be associated with plasma haptoglobin levels (p = 8.5 × 10−6). The Homo-Var:(AA) is associated with high plasma haptoglobin while the reference Homo-Ref:(GG) is associated with hypo-haptoglobinemia (p = 2.3 × 10−6). The variant is associated with SMA, with the most support for a risk effect for Homo-Ref genotype. Our insights on regulatory haptoglobin genotypes and hypo-haptoglobinemia suggest that haptoglobin screening could be part of risk-assessment algorithms to prevent rapid disease progression towards SMA in regions with no-access to urgent blood transfusion where SMA accounts for high childhood mortality rates.
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| 22. |
- Bountra, K., et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for antibacterial peptide self-immunity by the bacterial ABC transporter McjD
- 2017
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Ingår i: Embo Journal. - : EMBO. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 36:20, s. 3062-3079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Certain pathogenic bacteria produce and release toxic peptides to ensure either nutrient availability or evasion from the immune system. These peptides are also toxic to the producing bacteria that utilize dedicated ABC transporters to provide self-immunity. The ABC transporter McjD exports the antibacterial peptide MccJ25 in Escherichia coli. Our previously determined McjD structure provided some mechanistic insights into antibacterial peptide efflux. In this study, we have determined its structure in a novel conformation, apo inward-occluded and a new nucleotide-bound state, high-energy outward-occluded intermediate state, with a defined ligand binding cavity. Predictive cysteine cross-linking in E.coli membranes and PELDOR measurements along the transport cycle indicate that McjD does not undergo major conformational changes as previously proposed for multi-drug ABC exporters. Combined with transport assays and molecular dynamics simulations, we propose a novel mechanism for toxic peptide ABC exporters that only requires the transient opening of the cavity for release of the peptide. We propose that shielding of the cavity ensures that the transporter is available to export the newly synthesized peptides, preventing toxic-level build-up.
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| 30. |
- Carrillo, M., et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution crystal structures of transient intermediates in the phytochrome photocycle
- 2021
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126. ; 29:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors in bacteria to plants, which elicit a variety of important physiological responses. They display a reversible photocycle between the resting Pr state and the light-activated Pfr state. Light signals are transduced as structural change through the entire protein to modulate its activity. It is unknown how the Pr-to-Pfr interconversion occurs, as the structure of intermediates remains notoriously elusive. Here, we present short-lived crystal structures of the photosensory core modules of the bacteriophytochrome from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca captured by an X-ray free electron laser 5 ns and 33 ms after light illumination of the Pr state. We observe large structural displacements of the covalently bound bilin chromophore, which trigger a bifurcated signaling pathway that extends through the entire protein. The snapshots show with atomic precision how the signal progresses from the chromophore, explaining how plants, bacteria, and fungi sense red light.
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| 33. |
- Dolk, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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The presence of Nd and Pr in HgMn stars
- 2002
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 385:1, s. 111-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical region spectra for a number of upper main sequence chemically peculiar (CP) stars have been observed to study singly and doubly ionized praseodymium and neodymium lines. In order to improve existing atomic data of these elements, laboratory measurements have been carried out with the Lund VUV Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). From these measurements wavelengths and hyperfine structure (hfs) have been studied for selected , and lines of astrophysical interest. Radiative life times for some excited states of have been determined with the aid of laser spectroscopy at the Lund Laser Center (LLC) and have been combined with branching fractions measured in the laboratory to calculate gf values for some of the stronger optical lines of . With the aid of the derived gf values and laboratory measurements of the hfs, a praseodymium abundance was derived from selected lines in the spectrum of the Am star 32 Aqr. This abundance was used to derive astrophysical gf values for selected lines in 32 Aqr, and these gf values were used to get a praseodymium abundance for the HgMn star HR 7775. The praseodymium abundance in HR 7775 was then utilized to derive astrophysical gf values for all observable lines in this star. The neodymium abundance, derived from unblended lines of in HR 7775, has been utilized to establish astrophysical gf values for observed lines in the optical region of this star. Selected and lines have been identified and studied in a number of HgMn stars and three hot Am stars. The praseodymium and neodymium abundance change rapidly from an approximate 1-1.2 dex enhancement for the hot Am stars to 1.5-3 dex enhancement for the cool HgMn stars, indicating a well-defined boundary between the hot Am and HgMn stars in the vicinity of 10 500 K. The enhancement of praseodymium and neodymium in Am and HgMn stars may be explained by diffusive processes active in the stellar atmosphere, while the observed discontinuity might be explained by a thin hydrogen convection zone thought to be present for the Am stars, but absent in the HgMn stars. The absence of a convection zone would cause the diffused elements to gather higher in the atmosphere of HgMn stars compared to Am stars, and explain the observed increase in abundance.
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| 37. |
- Escudero-Martnez, I, et al.
(författare)
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Association of cholesterol levels with hemorrhagic transformation and cerebral edema after reperfusion therapies
- 2023
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Ingår i: European stroke journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9881 .- 2396-9873. ; 8:1, s. 294-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between cholesterol levels and cerebral edema (CED) or hemorrhagic transformation (HT) as an expressions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemic stroke is not well established. The aim of this study is to determine the association of total cholesterol (TC) levels with the incidence of HT and CED after reperfusion therapies. Methods: We analyzed SITS Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry data from January 2011 to December 2017. We identified patients with data on TC levels at baseline. TC values were categorized in three groups (reference group ⩾200 mg/dl). The two primary outcomes were any parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and moderate to severe CED on follow up imaging. Secondary outcomes included death and functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 3 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline factors including statin pretreatment was used to assess the association between TC levels and outcomes. Results: Of 35,314 patients with available information on TC levels at baseline, 3372 (9.5%) presented with TC levels ⩽130 mg/dl, 8203 (23.2%) with TC 130–200 mg/dl and 23,739 (67.3%) with TC ⩾ 200 mg/dl. In the adjusted analyses, TC level as continuous variable was inversely associated with moderate to severe CED (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.025) and as categorical variable lower TC levels were associated with a higher risk of moderate to severe CED (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.40, p = 0.003). TC levels were not associated with any PH, functional independence, and mortality at 3 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate an independent association between low levels of TC and higher odds of moderate/severe CED. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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| 44. |
- Hammarin, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Screening of BK Virus by Real-Time PCR Prevents BK Virus Associated Nephropathy in Renal Transplant Recipients
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 83:11, s. 1959-1965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BK virus associated nephropathy occurs in approximately 5% of renal transplant recipients. Quantitation of BKV DNA in serum/plasma early in the course of disease has been suggested to be an important diagnostic tool for polymavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN). The aim of this study was to develop a BKV real-time PCR (qPCR), which could be included in a diagnostic qPCR platform. Additionally, the significance of the assay as a surrogate marker for PVAN was investigated. Quantitation of BKV DNA by qPCR was carried out on 234 serum samples from a retrospective study including 31 renal transplant recipients monitored for at least 6 months post-transplantation. BKV viremia was detected in 9 out of 31 patients. Four patients had a viral load of >10,000 copies/ml at least on one occasion. In two of these patients, PVAN was diagnosed clinically during the study period. In retrospect, these patients were shown to be BKV positive before the clinical diagnosis of PVAN was made. Another two patients had a permanent graft dysfunction, but were never clinically diagnosed with PVAN. None of the remaining five patients with BKV DNA (<10,000 copies/ml) had renal impairment. Based on these results, an algorithm was introduced at the study center in 2006 and to date, August 2011, no cases of PVAN with loss of graft have been observed. The concept of including different PCR protocols in a common qPCR platform allows laboratories with small sample numbers to perform regularly a variety of assays at a reasonable cost. Med. Virol. 83:1959-1965, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 45. |
- Ivanov, Alexander E, et al.
(författare)
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Reversible Conformational Transitions of a Polymer Brush Containing Boronic Acid and its Interaction with Mucin Glycoprotein.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : Wiley. - 1616-5195 .- 1616-5187. ; 11, s. 275-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reversible changes of the height of a polymer brush containing phenylboronic acid were studied. The polymer brush thickness underwent reversible changes of 0.5-1 nm, in response to the changes in composition of the contacting aqueous phase from deionized water to bicarbonate buffer and vice versa, apparently due to the conformational transition of the weak polyelectrolyte to the more extended electrically charged state. Adsorption of mucin glycoprotein to the polymer brush took place due to boronate/sugar interactions between the glycoprotein and the graft copolymer and resulted in further increase of the brush height by ca. 1.5 nm, as observed by means of spectral correlation spectroscopy and ellipsometry.
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| 47. |
- Jansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient Implementation of a Submodel for Composite Materials to be Combined with the FDTD-Algorithm
- 1994
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. - : IEEE Magnetics Society. - 0018-9464 .- 1941-0069. ; 30:5, s. 3188-3191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A submodel to be used for thin sheets of semiconducting materials in combination with the finite difference time domain algorithm for solving Maxwell's equations is derived. Emphasis is concentrated on accomplishing an efficient and robust algorithm. Stability properties of the combined model are also investigated
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