| 1. |
- Li Zweifel, Ulla, et al.
(author)
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God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 2: God miljöstatus och miljökvalitetsnormer
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Havsmiljöförordningens övergripande mål är att upprätthålla eller uppnå en god miljöstatus i de svenska förvaltningsområdena Nordsjön och Östersjön till år 2020. En av uppgifterna i den första förvaltningsperioden är att bestämma vad som kännetecknar god miljöstatus i respektive förvaltningsområde samt att ta fram miljökvalitetsnormer. God miljöstatus baseras på ett ramverk av så kallade deskriptorer som anges i havsmiljödirektivet, det vill säga det EU-direktiv som i Sverige genomförs genom havsmiljöförordningen. Deskriptorerna beskriver god miljöstatus på en övergripande nivå för 11 temaområden. Till varje deskriptor hör en rad kriterier som anger vad som ska ingå i en bedömning av miljöstatus. I Sverige har god miljöstatus formulerats för samtliga 29 kriterier som ska beaktas enligt direktivet. Dessa kvalitativa beskrivningar anger vad som kännetecknar god miljöstatus i Nordsjön och Östersjön. För att praktiskt bedöma om god miljöstatus har uppnåtts föreslås 37 nationella indikatorer. En uppsättning av indikatorer omfattar miljöns tillstånd och avspeglar ekosystemets komponenter i form av nyckelarter, samhällen, och livsmiljöer. En utgångspunkt vid val av indikatorer för miljöns tillstånd har varit koppling till de belastningar som i den inledande bedömningen av miljötillståndet i Nordsjön och Östersjön bedömts ha stor negativ påverkan på ekosystemet. En annan uppsättning indikatorer berör påverkan och belastning på miljön i form av tillförsel av näringsämnen och farliga ämnen, samt biologisk och fysisk störning av miljön. Tillsammans utgör indikatorerna ett verktyg för att följa utvecklingen av miljötillståndet och effekter av åtgärder i havsmiljön. Vid val av indikatorer har arbetet delvis utgått från existerande miljöövervakning och redan utvecklade indikatorer. Med denna utgångspunkt uppfylls en rad av havsmiljödirektivets krav, bland annat en god uppföljning av effekter av tillförsel av näringsämnen. Funktionella indikatorer, det vill säga indikatorer som utvärderats och för vilka god miljöstatus har definierats, saknas dock för tio av havsmiljödirektivets 29 kriterier. För uppföljning av biologisk mångfald saknas bland annat miljöövervakning och metoder för att bedöma livsmiljöers tillstånd. För att kunna bedöma fysiska skador på havsbotten saknas en övergripande sammanställning av information om aktiviteter som påverkar havsbottnar samt metodik för att bedöma effekterna. Det saknas också utvecklade indikatorer för det kriterium som berör uppföljning av storleks- och åldersstruktur hos fiskar. Brist på kunskap gör också att inga förslag på svenska indikatorer kan ges för effekter på levande organismer från marint avfall, undervattensbuller, och främmande arter samt att endast ett begränsat antal indikatorer tagits fram som speglar effekter av farliga ämnen. De indikatorer som fastställs i juli 2012 utgör således inte en slutlig lista för att följa upp havsmiljödirektivet. Bristerna kommer att beaktas i det fortsatta genomförandet av havsmiljöförordningen där nästa steg är att anpassa miljöövervakningsprogrammen till uppföljning av miljötillståndet med valda indikatorer senast år 2014 samt att ta fram åtgärdsprogram till år 2015. God miljöstatus ska uppnås genom tillämpning av miljökvalitetsnormer det vill säga rättsligt bindande regler som avspeglar den lägsta godtagbara miljökvaliteten i Nordsjön och Östersjön. För att nå god miljöstatus har elva svenska miljökvalitetsnormer formulerats. Dessa miljökvalitetsnormer omfattar belastning i form av näringsämnen, farliga ämnen, främmande arter, uttag av arter, fysisk påverkan på havsbottnar och avfall i havsmiljön. Målsättningen har varit att utforma miljökvalitetsnormer som motsvarar alla de belastningar som i den inledande bedömningen har identifierats ha en stor påverkan på miljön.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Översyn av förordning om miljökvalitetsnormer för fisk- och musselvatten : Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag med Havs- och vattenmyndighetens analys av normerna och förslag till ändrad lagstiftning
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Regeringen gav genom ett beslut den 22 oktober 2015 Havs- och vattenmyndigheten i uppdrag att göra en översyn av förordningen (2001:554) om miljökvalitetsnormer för fisk- och musselvatten (fisk- och musselvattenförordningen). Behovet av att göra denna översyn har framförts av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten, Naturvårdsverket och Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län. I rapporten görs en översyn av miljökvalitetsnormerna i förordningen (2001:554) om miljökvalitetsnormer för fisk- och musselvatten och en bedömning av om det finns normer som bör ändras, tas bort eller om samma skyddsnivå kan uppnås på annat sätt. Havs- och vattenmyndigheten föreslår att fisk- och musselvattenförordningen upphävs. Som en följd av detta behöver ett antal föreskrifter upphävas eller ändras. Därutöver behöver viss vägledning tas fram för att täcka återstående skyddsbehov.Det är svårt att få en överblick av i vilken utsträckning fisk- och musselvattenförordningen har påverkat den övervakning som bedrivs och hur mycket övervakning som bedrivs enbart utifrån förordningens krav. Havs- och vattenmyndighetens bedömning är dock att ett upphävande av förordningen inte kommer att påverka den övervakning som utförs på ett betydande sätt. Konsekvensutredningen visar att fisk- och musselvattenförordningen kan upphävas och att detta medför i huvudsak positiva effekter för såväl miljön som berörda myndigheter och verksamhetsutövare.
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| 3. |
- Sonesson, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Paths to a sustainable food sector: integrated design and LCA of future food supply chains : the case of pork production in Sweden
- 2016
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In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Ferlag. - 0948-3349 .- 1614-7502. ; 21:5, s. 664-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To describe a more sustainable food sector, a supply chain approach is needed. Changing a supply chain inevitably means that various attributes of the product and its system will change. This project assumed this challenge and delivered detailed descriptions, life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluations, and consequence assessments of the supply chains of six commodities, i.e., milk, cheese, beef, pork, chicken, and bread, from a Swedish region. This paper presents results for the pork supply chain. Methods: In the project setup, experts on production along supply chains designed three scenarios for environmentally improved systems. These scenarios, i.e., the ecosystem, plant nutrients, and climate scenarios, were intended to address different clusters of environmental goals. The next step was to challenge these scenarios by considering their possible consequences for products and systems from the food safety, sensory quality, animal welfare, consumer appreciation, and (for primary production only) cost perspectives. This led to changes in production system design to prevent negative consequences. The final supply chains were quantified using LCA and were again assessed from the three perspectives. Results and discussion: The scenario design approach worked well, thoroughly and credibly describing the production systems. Assessment of consequences bolstered the credibility and quality of the systems and results. The LCA of pig production and smoked ham identified large potentials for improvement by implementing available knowledge: global warming potential (GWP) could be reduced 21–54 % and marine eutrophication by 14–45 %. The main reason for these improvements was improved productivity (approaching the best producers’ current performance), though dedicated measures were also important, resulting in increased nitrogen efficiency, more varied crop rotations for crop production and better production management, and improved animal health and manure management for animal production. Reduced post-farm wastage contributed as did reduced emissions from fertilizer production. Conclusions: The working approach applied was successful in integrating LCA research with food system production expertise to deliver results relevant to supply chain decision-makers. The consequence assessments brought considerable value to the project, giving its results greater credibility. By introducing constraints in the form of “no negative consequences and no increased costs,” the work was “guided” so that the scenario design avoided being hampered by too many opportunities.
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| 4. |
- Boström, Curt-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Luftkvalitetsmätningar i 15 tätorter vintern 1998/99
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På uppdrag av Vägverket Region Sydöst har IVL i samarbete med 15 kommuner inom regionen utfört mätningar av trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar i 15 tätorter under vinterhalvåret 1998/99. Mätningarna har skett med diffussionsprovtagare veckovis. Totalt mättes i sex veckor fördelade över vintersäsongen. De ämnen som ingick i studien var kväveoxider, flyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC inkl bensen) och ozon. I varje tätort har mätningar skett i två olika miljöer, dels i en trafikbelastad dels i en urban bakgrundsmiljö. Mätningarna har visat att med diffusionsprovtagare och en samordnad strategi kan man få ett jämförelsematerial användbart för bedömning av luftföroreningssituationen i många tätorter och trafikmiljöer. Mätningarna har även visat på vilken skillnad som kan förväntas i halt mellan förmodade hårt belastade miljöer och den urbana bakgrunden. Även i mindre tätorter kan halterna av trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar bli relativt höga i förhållande till gräns-/rikt-värden och miljökvalitetsnormer. En djupare analys (som ej ingått i projektet) av erhållna resultat skulle sannolikt ge möjlighet till ytterligare bedömningar om nuvarande och framtida luftföroreningssituation i de tätorter som deltagit i projektet.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Curt-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Luftkvalitetsmätningar i ett antal tätorter i sydöstra Sverige tre vintersäsonger -98/99, 99/00 & 00/01
- 2003
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport redovisas mätningar av luftkvaliteten avseende trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar, kväveoxider (NOX som NO+NO2), ozon (O3) samt lättflyktiga kolväten (VOC) i ett antal tätorter i regionen (Blekinge, Jönköpings, Kalmar, Kronobergs och Östergötlands län). I varje ort har mätningar skett i två punkter (98/99), i ett hårt trafikbelastat gaturum resp. i urban bakgrund. Mätningarna vintersäsongen 00/01 utökades med ytterligare en trafikbelastad mätpunkt Mätningarna har visat att med diffusionsprovtagare och en samordnad strategi kan man få ett jämförelsematerial användbart för bedömning av luftföroreningssituationen i många tätorter och trafikmiljöer. Mätningarna har även visat på vilken skillnad som kan förväntas i halt mellan förmodade hårt belastade miljöer och den urbana bakgrunden. Även i mindre tätorter kan halterna av trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar bli relativt höga i förhållande till gräns-/riktvärden och miljökvalitetsnor
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| 6. |
- Boström, Curt-Åke, et al.
(author)
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Luftkvalitetsmätningar i ett antal tätorter i sydöstra Sverige vintern 1999/00
- 2000
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- På uppdrag av Vägverket Region Sydöst har IVL i samarbete med ett antal kommuner inom regionen utfört mätningar av trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar i 10 tätorter under vinterhalvåret 1999/00. Mätningarna har skett veckovis med diffusionsprovtagare. Totalt mättes i åtta veckor fördelade över vintersäsongen. De ämnen som ingick i studien var kväveoxider, flyktiga organiska föreningar (VOC inkl bensen) och ozon. I varje tätort har mätningar skett i två olika miljöer, trafikbelastad respektive urban bakgrundsmiljö. Mätningarna har visat att man med diffusionsprovtagare och en samordnad strategi kan erhålla ett jämförelsematerial användbart för bedömning av luftföroreningssituationen i många tätorter och trafikmiljöer. Mätningarna har även visat på vilken skillnad som kan förväntas i föroreningshalt mellan förmodat hårt belastade miljöer och den urbana bakgrunden. Även i mindre tätorter kan halterna av trafikrelaterade luftföroreningar bli relativt höga i förhållande till gräns-/riktvärden och miljökvalitetsnormer.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eneroth, Mari, et al.
(author)
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Reasons to quit among Swedish General Practitioners
- 2014
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In: International Conference on Physician Health: Milestones and transitions - Maintaining the balance. ; , s. 2-2
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: General practitioners play a crucial part in healthcare as they provide the continuity of care that can prevent illness, and they most often represent the patients first contact with health-care. A current problem is however that there is a lack of general practitioners in several countries. Recruitment of general practitioners from abroad is essential to ensure the publics physician access, but there are indications that this group has even greater quitting intentions than native-born physicians. The antecedents of turnover intentions may moreover differ in importance for native-born and foreign-born physicians respectively. Methods and participants: The authors examined five fundamental physician work factors in relation to intention to quit among native-born general practitioners (n=208), and foreign-born general practitioners (n=73) working in a primary care setting in a central area in Sweden. Linear regression analysis was performed with control for age and gender. The sample consisted of 64 % females. Results: Foreign-born general practitioners more often stated that they would quit today if they could than native-born practitioners (t278= 3,73, p = .001). Regression analysis revealed that pressure from patients was related to an increased intention to quit in both groups. In addition, vacancies and pressure from financial goals were related to a higher risk of wanting to quit among native-born general practitioners. HR-Primacy was associated with a decreased risk of turnover intentions among the native-born general practitioners, while control of work pace was highly related to a decreased risk of turnover intentions among foreign-born general practitioners. Conclusions: General practitioners primarily experience pressure from patients and financial goals of the care-unit, which may provoke intentions to quit. Study suggestions are that care-unit financial goals are set in consent with physicians, and that control of work pace is encouraged.
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| 9. |
- Eneroth, Mari, et al.
(author)
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Threats or violence from patients was associated with turnover intention among foreign-born GPs - a comparison of four workplace factors associated with attitudes of wanting to quit one's job as a GP
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 35:2, s. 208-213
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: General practitioners (GPs) are crucial in medical healthcare, but there is currently a shortage of GPs in Sweden and elsewhere. Recruitment of GPs from abroad is essential, but foreign-born physicians face difficulties at work that may be related to turnover intention, i.e. wanting to quit one's job. The study aims to explore the reasons to why foreign-born GPs may intend to quit their job. Design: Survey data were used to compare four work-related factors that can be associated with turnover intentions; patient-related stress, threats or violence from patients, control of work pace, and empowering leadership, among native-born and foreign-born GPs. These work-related factors were subsequently examined in relation to turnover intention among the foreign-born GPs by means of linear hierarchical regression analyses. The questionnaire consisted of items from the QPS Nordic and items constructed by the authors. Setting: A primary care setting in a central area of Sweden. Subjects: Native-born (n = 208) and foreign-born GPs (n = 73). Results: Turnover intention was more common among foreign-born GPs (19.2% compared with 14.9%), as was the experience of threats or violence from patients (22% compared with 3% of the native-born GPs). Threats or violence was also associated with increased turnover intention. Control of work pace and an empowering leadership was associated with reduced turnover intention.
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| 10. |
- Fridner, Ann, et al.
(author)
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Why do General Practitioners Self-Diagnose and Self-Prescribe Drugs?
- 2016
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In: Book of Proceedings. - Nottingham, UK : European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. - 9780992878627 - 9780992878634 ; , s. 203-203
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Physicians tend to demonstrate inappropriate behavior when it comes to taking care of their own health. Self-prescribing or self-treatment seems to be practiced in many countries, and self-treated illnesses are found to be more common among general practitioners. For the physician such behavior is a threat to their own health, and as a consequence their patients might not be able to receive optimal health care. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between help seeking behavior, sickness presenteeism, exhaustion, and self- treatment among general practitioners.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 among GPs employed in one City Council in Sweden using a questionnaire on health and work factors. The criterion variable “To self-diagnose and self-treat” was measured with a single item from the Physician Career Path Questionnaire (PCPQ; Fridner, 2004). Exhaustion was measured with a scale from the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, OLBI (α = .82; Demerouti et al., 2001, 2003). “Sickness presenteeism” and “Taking vacation due to stress” was measured with single items, also from the PCPQ (Fridner, 2004). For the analyses, we used hierarchical multiple regression.Results: Altogether 193 (63,9%) female GPs and 109 (36,1%) male GPs answered the questionnaire, a 44% response-rate. Among them 46,2% stated they had diagnosed and treated themselves for a condition for which they would have referred a patient to a specialist. Our regression analysis model revealed that those physicians who self-treated themselves were also significantly more sickness present at work. Adding to this, exhaustion among the GPs was also included in the model.Conclusions: This study shows that self-treatment is not an isolated behavior, but occurs together with exhaustion and sickness presenteeism, indicating a quite severe situation for their health, which would need to be investigated by other doctors than themselves. This needs to be further investigated and taken into account by the National Board of Health and Welfare, County Councils and Medical Associations, and for future physicians our medical schools.
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| 11. |
- Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Gender influence on sickness presence in outpatient care
- 2014
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In: International Conference on Physician Health: Milestones and transitions - Maintaining the balance. ; , s. 64-65
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: In the health care sector sickness presence is common, and especially among physicians. Sickness presence is less studied than sickness absence but might have adverse effects for individual physicians, and for health care of patients (Wallace, et al, 2009). Previous research has shown that female physicians more often go to work while sick (Gustafsson et al., 2013). In this study, it is examined whether men and women also show different reasons for going to work while ill. Method and participants: The study was conducted within outpatient care in a large Swedish city (N = 283, women 64 %). The question studied were sickness presence in a long term perspective, during the last 12 months and reasons for going to work while sick (concern for colleagues; patients; workload; economy; and perceptions of own capability). Results: In a long-term perspective, women indicated that they went to work while sick more often than men, F (1,282) = 6.06, p = .014. Among the women, 37 % indicated that they often or very often go to work while ill. For men, this figure was 23.4 %. For the last 12 month, 50% of the women and 40% of the men had gone to work while sick more than two times (mean difference = ns.). Although men and women indicated similar reasons for going to work while sick, there were also interesting differences. Women indicated higher concerns for patients, and the workload as reasons for going to work while sick. On the other hand, men indicated economic concerns to a higher degree than women and that they were capable of going to work while sick. There were no gender differences in concerns for colleagues. Conclusions: Sickness presence might have severe consequences, both for physicians themselves and for patients and medical care. Knowing the reasons for why physicians go to work is important in order to counter these behaviors. It is also important to notice that sex roles are of relevance in this type of behavior. HR departments and managers within medical care need to address these questions thoroughly and to implement strategies to decrease sickness presence among physicians.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Henriksson, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2022
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In: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 297, s. 26-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a need for high-quality research regarding exercise interventions for persons with anxiety disorders. We investigate whether a 12-week exercise intervention, with different intensities, could reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders.286 patients were recruited from primary care in Sweden. Severity of symptoms was self-assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two group exercise programs with cardiorespiratory and resistance training and one control/standard treatment non-exercise group, with 1:1:1 allocation.Patients in both exercise groups showed larger improvements in both anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the control group. No differences in effect sizes were found between the two groups. To study a clinically relevant improvement, BAI and MADRS-S were dichotomized with the mean change in the control group as reference. In adjusted models the odds ratio for improved symptoms of anxiety after low-intensity training was 3.62 (CI 1.34-9.76) and after moderate/high intensity 4.88 (CI 1.66-14.39), for depressive symptoms 4.96 (CI 1.81-13.6) and 4.36 (CI 1.57-12.08) respectively. There was a significant intensity trend for improvement in anxiety symptoms.The use of self-rating measures which bears the risk of an under- or overestimation of symptoms.A 12-week group exercise program proved effective for patients with anxiety syndromes in primary care. These findings strengthen the view of physical exercise as an effective treatment and could be more frequently made available in clinical practice for persons with anxiety issues.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Schöll, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Glucose metabolism and PIB binding in carriers of a His163Tyr presenilin 1 mutation
- 2011
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 32:8, s. 1388-1399
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six young related pre-symptomatic carriers of a His 163Tyr mutation in the presenilin 1 gene who will develop early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (eoFAD), and a control group of 23 non-carriers underwent (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). The mutation carriers were followed-up after 2 years. Multivariate analysis showed clear separation of carriers from non-carriers on both occasions, with the right thalamus being the region contributing most to group differentiation. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) revealed in the carriers non-significantly lower thalamic cerebral glucos metabolism (CMRglc) at baseline and significantly decreased CMRglc in the right thalamus at follow-up. One mutation carrier was followed-up with FDG PET 10 years after baseline and showed reductions in cognition and CMRglc in the posterior cingulate and the frontal cortex. This subject was diagnosed with AD 1 year later and assessed with an additional FDG as well as an (11)C-PIB PET scan 12 years after baseline. Global cortical CMRglc and cognition were distinctly decreased. PIB binding was comparable with sporadic AD patterns but showing slightly higher striatal levels.
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| 16. |
- Tandstad, T., et al.
(author)
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One course of adjuvant BEP in clinical stage I nonseminoma mature and expanded results from the SWENOTECA group
- 2014
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In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 25:11, s. 2167-2172
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The SWENOTECA group treated 517 clinical stage I nonseminoma patients with one course of adjuvant BEP in a prospective study. The median follow-up is 7.9 years. One course of adjuvant BEP reduced the risk of relapse by over 90%. The relapse rates were 1.6% in low-risk disease and 3.2% in high-risk disease. One course of adjuvant BEP should be considered a standard adjuvant treatment option.SWENOTECA has since 1998 offered patients with clinical stage I (CS I) nonseminoma, adjuvant chemotherapy with one course of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). The aim has been to reduce the risk of relapse, sparing patients the need of toxic salvage treatment. Initial results on 312 patients treated with one course of adjuvant BEP, with a median follow-up of 4.5 years, have been previously published. We now report mature and expanded results. In a prospective, binational, population-based risk-adapted treatment protocol, 517 Norwegian and Swedish patients with CS I nonseminoma received one course of adjuvant BEP. Patients with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in the primary testicular tumor were recommended one course of adjuvant BEP. Patients without LVI could choose between surveillance and one course of adjuvant BEP. Data for patients receiving one course of BEP are presented in this study. At a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 12 relapses have occurred, all with IGCCC good prognosis. The latest relapse occurred 3.3 years after adjuvant treatment. The relapse rate at 5 years was 3.2% for patients with LVI and 1.6% for patients without LVI. Five-year cause-specific survival was 100%. The updated and expanded results confirm a low relapse rate following one course of adjuvant BEP in CS I nonseminoma. One course of adjuvant BEP should be considered a standard treatment in CS I nonseminoma with LVI. For patients with CS I nonseminoma without LVI, one course of adjuvant BEP is also a treatment option.
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| 17. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Achieving solar energy in architecture - IEA SHC Task 41
- 2012
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In: 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY (SHC 2012). - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 30, s. 1250-1260
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite the wide diversity of available solar technologies, solar energy systems are still not considered as main stream technologies in building practice. This may be attributed to several factors such as lack of awareness and knowledge among architects, lack of tools supporting the design process, and lack of solar products designed for building integration. In order to address these issues, the IEA SHC Task 41 "Solar Energy and Architecture" was carried out during 2009 to 2012. The main aim was to promote the use of solar energy systems within high quality architecture. The main expected outcome is an increased use of solar energy in buildings, reducing the non-renewable energy use and GHG emissions. Fourteen countries participated. The work was organized in three subtasks: A) integration criteria and guidelines, B) tools and methods for architects, and C) case studies and communication guidelines. This article presents an overview of the Task's activities and results. The results include an inventory of computer tools, a literature review, a survey on solar systems perception and use by architects, a survey on needs regarding tools for solar design, recommendations for computer tool developers and different guidelines for solar product developers and architects. Finally an extensive collection of more than 250 case studies with integration of solar systems was evaluated and resulting in the online publication of around 65 selected cases demonstrating inspiring solar architecture. The results of Task 41 are also currently being disseminated through seminars and workshops for building professionals. (C) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Wall, Maja, et al.
(author)
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Suicidal ideation among surgeons in Italy and Sweden : a cross-sectional study
- 2014
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In: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 2050-7283. ; 2, s. 53-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Suicidal ideation is more prevalent among physicians, compared to the population in general, but little is known about the factors behind surgeons’ suicidal ideation. A surgeon’s work environment can be competitive and characterised by degrading experiences, which could contribute to burnout, depression and even thoughts of suicide. Being a surgeon has been reported to be predictor for not seeking help when psychological distressed. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent surgeons in Italy and Sweden are affected by suicidal ideation, and how suicidal ideation can be associated with psychosocial work conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional study of surgeons was performed in Italy (N=149) and Sweden (N=272), where having suicidal ideation was the outcome variable. Work-related factors, such as harassment, depression and social support, were also measured. Results: Suicidal ideation within the previous twelve months was affirmatively reported by 18% of the Italian surgeons, and by 12% of the Swedish surgeons in the present study. The strongest association with having recent suicidal ideation for both countries was being subjected to degrading experiences/harassment at work by a senior physician. Sickness presenteeism, exhaustion and disengagement were related to recent suicidal ideation among Italian surgeons, while role conflicts and sickness presenteeism were associated with recent suicidal ideation in the Swedish group. For both countries, regular meetings to discuss situations at work were found to be protective. Conclusions: A high percentage of surgeons at two university hospitals in Italy and Sweden reported suicidal ideation during the year before the investigation. This reflects a tough workload, including sickness presenteeism, harassment at work, exhaustion/disengagement and role conflicts. Regular meetings to discuss work situations might be protective.
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- Wall, Maja, et al.
(author)
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Work environment and harassment among primary health care physicians : Does ethnicity matter?
- 2014
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In: International Conference on Physician Health: Milestones and transitions - Maintaining the balance. ; , s. 48-49
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Harassment and degrading experiences are frequently reported in the nursing workplace and is believed to be more common in highly demanding contexts (Fornés et al., 2011). Perceived discrimination based on race or sex could contribute to less engagement to work and more burnout (Volpone & Avery, 2013). Studies concluded among Canadian physician students showed that significantly more foreign-born students experienced harassment or discrimination on the basis of ethnicity or culture (Crutcher et al., 2011). In Sweden, 15 percent of the population is born abroad and integration is important to promote in the working life. There is uncovered ground among active physicians who experience harassment and unequal treatment in primary health care, why additional studies are needed. Method and participants: Participants in this cross-sectional study were primary health care physicians in central Sweden. The outcome variables were perceived harassment and unequal treatment at work, among general practitioners (N = 302). In the sample there were 64% females and 26% foreign-born. Results: Among male physicians, almost 14% of the foreign-born, compared to 3% of the native-born, reported being subject to harassment or mobbing during the last 6 months (21 = 3.983, p = .04). There was no such difference between female foreign-born and female native-born physicians. Nearly 27% of the foreign-born thought the basis for unequal treatment to be ethnicity compared to barely 9 % of the physicians born in Sweden, which is significantly less (21 = 10.008, p = .002). Among foreign-born, significantly more female than male physicians reported gender as reason for unequal treatment (21= 6.944, p < .01). There were no differences found among Swedish female and male physicians. Conclusions: There is evidence that foreign-born physicians working in primary health care in Sweden experience harassment and unequal treatment. Harassment and unequal treatment could affect physician health, and attention must be paid. The gender differences could also be a sign of gender inequality, which need to be examined more thoroughly.
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