| 1. |
- Hoffland, Ellis, et al.
(author)
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The role of fungi in weathering
- 2004
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In: Frontiers in Ecology and Environment. - 1540-9295 .- 1540-9309. ; 2:5, s. 258-264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- No rock at the Earth’s surface escapes weathering. This process is the primary source of all the essential elements for organisms, except nitrogen and carbon. Since the onset of terrestrial life, weathering has been accelerated under the influence of biota. The study of biological weathering started at the end of the 19th century. Although the role of bacteria (Eubacteria, Archaea) has attracted a lot of interest, until recently the role of fungi has largely been neglected. More recently, however, fungal weathering has become an increasingly important focus of biogeochemical research.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Anna G, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Better Bone Microarchitecture But Lower Bone Material Strength and Poorer Physical Function in Elderly Women - a Population-Based Study.
- 2017
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In: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681. ; 32:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of fractures according to several studies. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear, although small case-control studies indicate poor quality of the cortical bone. We have studied a population-based sample of women aged 75-80 in Gothenburg, randomly invited from the population registry. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Discovery A), bone microarchitecture by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; ExtremeCT from Scanco Medical AG), and reference point indentation was performed with Osteoprobe (Active Life Scientific). Women with T2DM (n=99) had higher aBMD compared to controls (n=954). Ultradistal tibial and radial trabecular bone volume fraction (+11% and +15%, respectively), distal cortical volumetric BMD (+1.6% and +1.7%), cortical area (+11.5% and +9.3%), and failure load (+7.7% and +12.9%) were higher in diabetics than in controls. Cortical porosity was lower (mean±SD: 1.5±1.1 vs 2.0±1.7%, p=0.001) in T2DM in the distal radius but not in the ultradistal radius or the tibia. Adjustment for covariates (age, body mass index, glucocorticoid treatment, smoking, physical activity, calcium intake, bone-active drugs) eliminated the differences in aBMD but not in HR-pQCT bone variables. However, bone material strength index (BMSi) by reference point indentation was lower in T2DM (74.6±7.6 vs 78.2±7.5, p<0.01), also after adjustment, and women with T2DM performed clearly worse in measures of physical function (one leg standing: -26%, 30s chair-stand test: -7%, timed up and go: +12%, walking speed: +8%; p<0.05-0.001) compared to controls. In conclusion, we observed a more favorable bone microarchitecture but no difference in adjusted aBMD in elderly women with T2DM in the population compared to non-diabetics. Reduced BMSi and impaired physical function may explain the increased fracture risk in T2DM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Wallander, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Sensitive Detection of Cell-Free Tumour DNA Using Optimised Targeted Sequencing Can Predict Prognosis in Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer
- 2023
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In: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 15:4, s. 1160-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Simple Summary Cancer in the stomach and oesophagus is deadly when discovered at a late stage. There are no good biomarkers for its detection or for making a prognostic prediction. In this study, we evaluate the analysis of cell-free DNA as a prognostic cancer biomarker. Cell-free DNA is DNA released from any tissue to a body fluid. When there is a tumour in the body, some of the cell-free DNA will come from that tumour, and it can be detected in a blood sample. We show that the detection of cell-free DNA from the cancer correlates to a worse prognosis than when no tumour DNA is detected. We also show that the method of analysis is important. Either a tissue biopsy must be included as a validation of the genetic variants detected or analysis of the blood cells or another blood sample after tumour resection needs to be analysed to improve detection. In this longitudinal study, cell-free tumour DNA (a liquid biopsy) from plasma was explored as a prognostic biomarker for gastro-oesophageal cancer. Both tumour-informed and tumour-agnostic approaches for plasma variant filtering were evaluated in 47 participants. This was possible through sequencing of DNA from tissue biopsies from all participants and cell-free DNA from plasma sampled before and after surgery (n = 42), as well as DNA from white blood cells (n = 21) using a custom gene panel with and without unique molecular identifiers (UMIs). A subset of the plasma samples (n = 12) was also assayed with targeted droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In 17/31 (55%) diagnostic plasma samples, tissue-verified cancer-associated variants could be detected by the gene panel. In the tumour-agnostic approach, 26 participants (59%) had cancer-associated variants, and UMIs were necessary to filter the true variants from the technical artefacts. Additionally, clonal haematopoietic variants could be excluded using the matched white blood cells or follow-up plasma samples. ddPCR detected its targets in 10/12 (83%) and provided an ultra-sensitive method for follow-up. Detectable cancer-associated variants in plasma correlated to a shorter overall survival and shorter time to progression, with a significant correlation for the tumour-informed approaches. In summary, liquid biopsy gene panel sequencing using a tumour-agnostic approach can be applied to all patients regardless of the presence of a tissue biopsy, although this requires UMIs and the exclusion of clonal haematopoietic variants. However, if sequencing data from tumour biopsies are available, a tumour-informed approach improves the value of cell-free tumour DNA as a negative prognostic biomarker in gastro-oesophageal cancer patients.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Klimat- och energieffekter vid renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt : Stöd för utvärdering och beslut baserat på sammantagna klimatmässiga effekter
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Byggnaders klimatpåverkan har lyfts fram mer och mer under de senaste decennierna. Med en större förståelse för en byggnads klimatpåverkan har det inom nyproduktion blivit enklare att sätta mål för att minska byggskedets klimatpåverkan. Detta baserat på mer kunskap och erfarenhet från genomförda klimatberäkningar samt större tillgång till offentliga resultat för såväl typiska som mer innovativa byggprojekt. För klimatpåverkan från renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt är kunskapsläget lägre än för nyproduktion. Livscykelanalyser och klimatberäkningar är inte lika vanliga och det saknas tillgång till offentliga resultat att jämföra sig med. Då renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt även innebär utsläpp av växthusgaser finns här ett behov av ökad kunskap.Vid renovering och ombyggnation är det inte ovanligt att en byggnads energiprestanda förändras som följd av projektet. Den förändrade energianvändningen resulterar i lägre eller högre klimatutsläpp under kommande drift. Byggnadens energianvändning blir därmed en viktig parameter vid bedömning av klimatnyttan av ett renoverings- eller ombyggnationsprojekt. För att fatta bra klimatbeslut och bättre kunna beakta klimatpåverkan vid renoverings- och ombyggnationsprojekt behöver kunskapen öka. Denna rapport avser att bidra till denna kunskapsökning bland annat genom publicering av resultat från genomförda klimatberäkningar. Detta tillsammans med ökad kunskap om hur förändrad energianvändning kan inkluderas vid bedömning av genomförda åtgärder.
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| 5. |
- Bahr, Adam, et al.
(author)
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Growth of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium along a Norway spruce forest nitrogen deposition gradient and its effect on nitrogen leakage
- 2013
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In: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 59, s. 38-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Almost all boreal and temperate forest tree species live in symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF); the trees transfer carbon (C) to the fungi in exchange for nutrients and water. Several studies have shown that experimental application of inorganic nitrogen (N) represses production of EMF extramatrical mycelia (EMM), but studies along N deposition gradients are underrepresented. Other environmental variables than N may influence EMM production and in this study we included 29 thoroughly monitored Norway spruce stands from a large geographical region in Sweden in order to evaluate the importance of N deposition on EMM growth and N leaching in a broader context. It was concluded that N deposition was the most important factor controlling EMM production and that the amounts typically deposited in boreal and boreo-nemoral regions can be sufficient to reduce EMM growth. Other factors, such as phosphorus status and pH, were also correlated with EMM production and should be considered when predicting EMM growth and N leaching. We also showed that EMM production substantially contributed to the C sequestration (320 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), suggesting that it should be included in C cycle modelling. Furthermore, EMF are probably important for the N retention capacity since high N leaching coincided with low EMM growth. However, it was not possible to differentiate between the effects of EMF and the direct effect of N deposition on N leaching in the present study.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cea Soriano, Lucía, et al.
(author)
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The continuation rates of long-acting reversible contraceptives in UK general practice using data from The Health Improvement Network
- 2015
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In: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 24:1, s. 52-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the continuation rates of new users of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods in the UK, using data from general practice.METHODS: We conducted an observational study using a general practitioner (GP) database, The Health Improvement Network (THIN). The methods studied were copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs), levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), progestogen-only implants and progestogen-only injections. The study population comprised women in THIN aged 18-44 years during the period 2004-2009 who had been registered with their GP for at least 5 years, with a computerized prescription history of at least 1 year. Using computer algorithms, the database was searched for the Read and Multilex codes for each LARC method. New LARC users were identified and followed until there was a record indicating termination of use or the study period ended.RESULTS: The proportion of women who discontinued use during the same year of administration was 7.5% for Cu-IUDs, 10.6% for LNG-IUS, 13.2% for progestogen-only implants and 54.4% for progestogen-only injections. By the end of the study, a higher proportion of Cu-IUD and LNG-IUS users (21.1 and 18.6%, respectively) undertook consecutive use of the same method than progestogen-only implant users (10.7%). Manual review of computerized profiles demonstrated the validity of this approach.CONCLUSIONS: In the UK, the continuation rates of LARCs are high, and approximately one fifth of women chose to have a second intrauterine device fitted after expiry of the first device. A validation step demonstrated the reliability of the methodology and computer algorithms used.
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| 8. |
- Cea Soriano, Lucía, et al.
(author)
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Use of long-acting reversible contraceptives in the UK from 2004 to 2010 : Analysis using The Health Improvement Network Database
- 2014
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In: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 19:6, s. 439-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To determine the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) in the UK over the period 2004 to 2010, using the general practice database The Health Improvement Network (THIN).Methods Women in THIN, aged 18 to 44 years during 2004 to 2010, who had been registered with their general practitioner for at least five years, with a prescription history of at least one year were included. THIN was searched using the Read and MULTILEX codes for: copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs), the levonorgestrel releasing-intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), progestogen-only implants, and progestogen-only injections.Results The prevalence of progestogen-only implant use rose from 0.5 to 3.4%, and that of the LNG-IUS from 3.1 to 5.2%. The annual incidence and prevalence of progestogen-only implant use increased for all age groups but was most marked in younger women, whereas the use of the LNG-IUS augmented with increasing age. For all women, there was a small decrease in the prevalence of use of Cu-IUDs (from 5.4 to 4.8%) and progestogen-only injections (from 3.6 to 3.2%).Conclusions Uptake of progestogen-only implants and the LNG-IUS increased over the period 2004 to 2010 in the UK, but LARC use in young women remains low.
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| 9. |
- Dahlby, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Parent-child interaction: Relationship between pause duration and infant vocabulary at 18 months
- 2011
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In: Proceedings from Fonetik 2011. - Stockholm. ; , s. 101-104
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Studies of child language development have shown that children from an early age are aware of turn-taking patterns in interaction. The aim of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between turn-taking pauses in parent-child interaction and child vocabulary at 18 months of age. Analysis of pause duration is conducted on recordings from the SPRINT language intervention project and pause duration is found to correlate with child vocabulary size. Different possible reasons for this correlation are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Ekblad, Alf, et al.
(author)
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Production and turnover of ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelial biomass and necromass under elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization
- 2016
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In: New Phytologist. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 211:3, s. 874-885
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extramatrical mycelia (EMM) of ectomycorrhizal fungi are important in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in forests, but poor knowledge about EMM biomass and necromass turnovers makes the quantification of their role problematic. We studied the impacts of elevated CO2 and N fertilization on EMM production and turnover in a Pinus taeda forest. EMM C was determined by the analysis of ergosterol (biomass), chitin (total bio- and necromass) and total organic C (TOC) of sand-filled mycelium in-growth bags. The production and turnover of EMM bio- and necromass and total C were estimated by modelling. N fertilization reduced the standing EMM biomass C to 57% and its production to 51% of the control (from 238 to 122 kg C ha-1 yr-1), whereas elevated CO2 had no detectable effects. Biomass turnover was high (~13 yr-1) and unchanged by the treatments. Necromass turnover was slow and was reduced from 1.5 yr-1 in the control to 0.65 yr-1 in the N-fertilized treatment. However, TOC data did not support an N effect on necromass turnover. An estimated EMM production ranging from 2.5 to 6% of net primary production stresses the importance of its inclusion in C models. A slow EMM necromass turnover indicates an importance in building up forest humus.
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| 11. |
- Esbjörnsson, Anna-Clara, et al.
(author)
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Epidemiology of clubfoot in Sweden from 2016 to 2019 : A national register study
- 2021
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study aimed to estimate the birth prevalence of children born with isolated or non-isolated clubfoot in Sweden using a national clubfoot register. Secondarily we aimed to describe the clubfoot population with respect to sex, laterality, severity of deformity, comorbidity and geographic location.METHODS: A national register, the Swedish Pediatric Orthopedic Quality register, was used to extract data on newborn children with clubfoot. To calculate the birth prevalence of children with isolated or non-isolated clubfoot between 1st of January 2016 and 31st of December 2019, we used official reports of the total number of Swedish live births from the Swedish Board of Statistics. The Pirani score and predefined signs of atypical clubfoot were used to classify clubfoot severity at birth.RESULTS: In total 612 children with clubfoot were identified. Of these, 564 were children with isolated clubfoot, generating a birth prevalence of 1.24/1000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.35). About 8% were children with non-isolated clubfoot, increasing the birth prevalence to 1.35/1000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.46). Of the children with isolated clubfoot, 74% were boys and 47% had bilateral involvement. The children with non-isolated clubfoot had more severe foot deformities at birth and a greater proportion of clubfeet with atypical signs compared with children with isolated clubfoot.CONCLUSION: We have established the birth prevalence of children born with isolated or non-isolated clubfoot in Sweden based on data from a national register. Moreover, we have estimated the number of children born with atypical clubfeet in instances of both isolated and non-isolated clubfoot. These numbers may serve as a baseline for expected birth prevalence when planning clubfoot treatment and when evaluating time trends of children born with clubfoot.
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| 12. |
- Finlay, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Reviews and syntheses : Biological weathering and its consequences at different spatial levels - from nanoscale to global scale
- 2020
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 17:6, s. 1507-1533
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant nutrients can be recycled through microbial decomposition of organic matter but replacement of base cations and phosphorus, lost through harvesting of biomass/biofuels or leaching, requires de novo supply of fresh nutrients released through weathering of soil parent material (minerals and rocks). Weathering involves physical and chemical processes that are modified by biological activity of plants, microorganisms and animals. This article reviews recent progress made in understanding biological processes contributing to weathering. A perspective of increasing spatial scale is adopted, examining the consequences of biological activity for weathering from nanoscale interactions, through in vitro and in planta microcosm and meso-cosm studies, to field experiments, and finally ecosystem and global level effects. The topics discussed include the physical alteration of minerals and mineral surfaces; the composition, amounts, chemical properties, and effects of plant and microbial secretions; and the role of carbon flow (including stabilisation and sequestration of C in organic and inorganic forms). Although the predominant focus is on the effects of fungi in forest ecosystems, the properties of biofilms, including bacterial interactions, are also discussed. The implications of these biological processes for modelling are discussed, and we attempt to identify some key questions and knowledge gaps, as well as experimental approaches and areas of research in which future studies are likely to yield useful results. A particular focus of this article is to improve the representation of the ways in which biological processes complement physical and chemical processes that mobilise mineral elements, making them available for plant uptake. This is necessary to produce better estimates of weathering that are required for sustainable management of forests in a post-fossil-fuel economy. While there are abundant examples of nanometre- and micrometre-scale physical interactions between microorganisms and different minerals, opinion appears to be divided with respect to the quantitative significance of these observations for overall weathering. Numerous in vitro experiments and microcosm studies involving plants and their associated microorganisms suggest that the allocation of plant-derived carbon, mineral dissolution and plant nutrient status are tightly coupled, but there is still disagreement about the extent to which these processes contribute to field-scale observations. Apart from providing dynamically responsive pathways for the allocation of plant-derived carbon to power dissolution of minerals, mycorrhizal mycelia provide conduits for the long-distance trans-portation of weathering products back to plants that are also quantitatively significant sinks for released nutrients. These mycelial pathways bridge heterogeneous substrates, reducing the influence of local variation in C : N ratios. The production of polysaccharide matrices by biofilms of interacting bacteria and/or fungi at interfaces with mineral surfaces and roots influences patterns of production of antibiotics and quorum sensing molecules, with concomitant effects on microbial community structure, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of mineral-solubilising compounds and weathering products. Patterns of carbon allocation and nutrient mobilisation from both organic and inorganic substrates have been studied at larger spatial and temporal scales, including both ecosystem and global levels, and there is a generally wider degree of acceptance of the systemic effects of microorganisms on patterns of nutrient mobilisation. Theories about the evolutionary development of weathering processes have been advanced but there is still a lack of information connecting processes at different spatial scales. Detailed studies of the liquid chemistry of local weathering sites at the micrometre scale, together with upscaling to soil-scale dissolution rates, are advocated, as well as new approaches involving stable isotopes.
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| 13. |
- Finlay, Roger, et al.
(author)
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The role of fungi in biogenic weathering in boreal forest soils
- 2009
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In: Fungal Biology Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1749-4613 .- 1878-0253. ; 23:4, s. 101-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article we discuss the possible significance of biological processes, and of fungi in particular, in weathering of minerals. We consider biological activity to be a significant driver of mineral weathering in forest ecosystems. In these environments fungi play key roles in organic matter decomposition, uptake, transfer and cycling of organic and inorganic nutrients, biogenic mineral formation, as well as transformation and accumulation of metals. The ability of lichens, mutualistic symbioses between fungi and photobionts such as algae or cyanobacteria, to weather minerals is well documented. The role of mycorrhizal fungi forming symbioses with forest trees is less well understood, but the mineral horizons of boreal forests are intensively colonised by mycorrhizal mycelia which transfer protons and organic metabolites derived from plant photosynthates to mineral surfaces, resulting in mineral dissolution and mobilisation and redistribution of anionic nutrients and metal cations. The mycorrhizal mycelia, in turn provide efficient systems for the uptake and direct transport of mobilised essential nutrients to their host plants which are large sinks. Since almost all (99.99. %) non-suberised lateral plant roots involved in nutrient uptake are covered by ectomycorrhizal fungi, most of this exchange of metabolites must take place through the plant-fungus interface. This idea is still consistent with a linear relationship between soil mineral surface area and weathering rate since the mycelia that emanate from the tree roots will have a larger area of contact with minerals if the mineral surface area is higher. Although empirical models based on bulk soil solution chemistry may fit field data, we argue that biological processes make an important contribution to mineral weathering and that a more detailed mechanistic understanding of these must be developed in order to predict responses to environmental changes and anthropogenic impact. © 2010 The British Mycological Society.
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| 14. |
- George, T. S., et al.
(author)
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Organic phosphorus in the terrestrial environment : a perspective on the state of the art and future priorities
- 2018
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In: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 427:1-2, s. 191-208
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The dynamics of phosphorus (P) in the environment is important for regulating nutrient cycles in natural and managed ecosystems and an integral part in assessing biological resilience against environmental change. Organic P (P-o) compounds play key roles in biological and ecosystems function in the terrestrial environment being critical to cell function, growth and reproduction.Scope: We asked a group of experts to consider the global issues associated with P-o in the terrestrial environment, methodological strengths and weaknesses, benefits to be gained from understanding the P-o cycle, and to set priorities for P-o research.Conclusions: We identified seven key opportunities for P-o research including: the need for integrated, quality controlled and functionally based methodologies; assessment of stoichiometry with other elements in organic matter; understanding the dynamics of P-o in natural and managed systems; the role of microorganisms in controlling P-o cycles; the implications of nanoparticles in the environment and the need for better modelling and communication of the research. Each priority is discussed and a statement of intent for the P-o research community is made that highlights there are key contributions to be made toward understanding biogeochemical cycles, dynamics and function of natural ecosystems and the management of agricultural systems.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hallberg, Ida, et al.
(author)
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Endocrine and dog factors associated with semen quality
- 2024
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In: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge of factors associated with semen quality may help in investigations of the aetiology and pathophysiology. We investigated the correlation between biomarkers for testicular cell function (antimüllerian hormone, AMH, Inhibin B, testosterone, free androgen-index (testosterone/sex-hormone binding globulin), insulin like peptide 3, INSL-3), alkaline phosphate (ALP), canine prostate-specifc esterase (CPSE), and heterophilic antibodies with dog variables, semen quality, and fertility. Blood and semen were collected from 65 Bernese Mountain Dogs. We evaluated total sperm count, motility and morphological parameters. The semen quality ranged from poor to excellent, with an average total sperm count of 1.1 × 109 and 50% morphologically normal spermatozoa (MNS). Age and abnormal testicular consistency correlated with decreased motility and MNS. Higher ALP correlated with higher total sperm count. AMH could not be detected in seminal plasma. AMH in blood correlated with head defects and high AMH concentration correlated with a severe decline in several semen parameters. Testosterone was negatively and CPSE positively correlated with age. No correlations were found for INSL-3, inhibin B, or heterophilic antibodies. Our fndings contribute to the understanding of factors associated with semen quality in dogs, particularly related to Sertoli cell function.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Ofverholm, Ingegerd, et al.
(author)
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Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Alters Clinical Diagnoses in a Significant Fraction of Tumors Suspicious of Sarcoma
- 2024
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 30:12, s. 2647-2658
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Tumor classification is a key component in personalized cancer care. For soft-tissue and bone tumors, this classification is currently based primarily on morphology assessment and IHC staining. However, these standard-of-care methods can pose challenges for pathologists. We therefore assessed how whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WGTS) impacted tumor classification and clinical management when interpreted together with histomorphology.Experimental Design: We prospectively evaluated WGTS in routine diagnostics of 200 soft-tissue and bone tumors suspicious for malignancy, including DNA and RNA isolation from the tumor, and DNA isolation from a peripheral blood sample or any non-tumor tissue.Results: On the basis of specific genomic alterations or absence of presumed findings, WGTS resulted in reclassification of 7% (13/197) of the histopathologic diagnoses. Four cases were downgraded from low-grade sarcomas to benign lesions, and two cases were reclassified as metastatic malignant melanomas. Fusion genes associated with specific tumor entities were found in 30 samples. For malignant soft-tissue and bone tumors, we identified treatment relevant variants in 15% of cases. Germline pathogenic variants associated with a hereditary cancer syndrome were found in 22 participants (11%).Conclusions: WGTS provides an important dimension of data that aids in the classification of soft-tissue and bone tumors, correcting a significant fraction of clinical diagnoses, and identifies molecular targets relevant for precision medicine. However, genetic findings need to be evaluated in their morphopathologic context, just as germline findings need to be evaluated in the context of patient phenotype and family history.
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| 19. |
- Olsson, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Sverige kan leda en revolution i jordbruket
- 2019
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In: Svenska Dagbladet, SvD Opinion. - 1101-2412.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sverige kan bli ledande i en radikal omställning av framtidens matproduktion. Genom forskning och utveckling av perenna livsmedelsgrödor kan vi aktivt främja en perenn revolution i jordbruket. Perenna grödor återkommer år efter år utan att behöva sås på nytt, skriver en rad forskare.
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| 20. |
- Sandgren, Annamaria, et al.
(author)
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Scope 3 för bostadsföretag : Vägledning för beräkning och rapportering av klimatpåverkan enligt Greenhouse Gas Protocol
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vägledningens syfte är underlätta för företag som äger, utvecklar och förvaltar fastigheter att ta sig an andras klimatpåverkan där de själva har en roll och kan påverka. Dessa benämns i GHG-protokollet som scope 3. Vägledningen stöttar bostadsföretag att göra kloka prioriteringar i klimatarbetet, både gällande åtgärder och rapportering, men även skapa förståelse för hela värdekedjans klimatpåverkan och lägga grunden för vetenskapliga klimatmål. Det finns redan en motsvarande vägledning för scope 1 och 2, denna fokuserar på scope 3.Det brukar sägas att ungefär en femtedel av Sveriges klimatpåverkan är kopplad till bygg och fastighetssektorn. Klimatpåverkan uppstår både när vi bygger, utvecklar, förvaltar och brukar våra fastigheter. GHG-protokollet delar in ett företags klimatpåverkan i scope 1 (direkta utsläpp), scope 2 (indirekta utsläpp från inköpt energi) samt scope 3 (övriga indirekta utsläpp i värdekedjan). Scope 3 delas upp i femton olika kategorier och omfattar bland annat inköpta varor och tjänster, tjänsteresor, användning av sålda produkter och nedströms uthyrda tillgångar. Det är inte alla scope 3 kategorier som är relevanta för ett bostadsföretag. Att på egen hand avgöra vilka utsläpp som är relevanta att rapportera kan vara en svår och tidskrävande uppgift. Därför har IVL i samverkan med branschen och med GHG-protokollets kriterier som grund gjort en generell bedömning av olika kategoriers relevans för bostadsföretag i Sverige i fyra nivåer (ingen relevans, låg, medium och hög). Kategorierna 3.1 Inköpta varor och tjänster (underhåll och stora inköp), 3.2 Kapitalvaror (ROT och nybyggnation) samt 3.13 Nedströms uthyrda tillgångar (boendes klimatpåverkan) har bedömts ha högst relevans. Det har även tagits fram detaljerade beskrivningar för omfattning, beräkningsmetoder och datakällor för identifierade klimatposter för att underlätta rapportering och uppföljning.Den primära målgruppen är bostadsföretag och redovisningskonsulter som stöttar dessa med beräkningar och rapportering. Det som gäller specifikt för bostäder i denna vägledning är att brukarna är boende och inte verksamheter. I övrigt är alla rekommendationer och riktlinjer användbara för hela fastighetssektorn.
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| 21. |
- Thrysin, Åsa, et al.
(author)
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Klimatpåverkan från renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Klimatpåverkan från bygg- och fastighetssektorn står för ungefär en femtedel av Sveriges totala klimatutsläpp. Nybyggnation står för den största delen, ungefär hälften, varför fokus hittills varit på att minska klimatpåverkan från denna. Renovering- och ombyggnadsprojekt står dock för ungefär en fjärdedel av bygg- och fastighetsbranschens klimatpåverkan, varför samarbetet Offentliga fastigheter initierats och finansierats detta projekt.Syftet med projektet har varit att ta fram stöd för att kunna påverka klimatpåverkan i renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt, både genom att öka kunskapen inom frågorna och konkret stöd avseende krav som kan ställas i upphandlingar. Till denna skrift finns även en bilaga med råd kring beslut och åtgärder som kan minska klimatpåverkan från renoverings- och ombyggnadsprojekt.Målgruppen för skriften är tjänstepersoner inom offentlig fastighetsförvaltning, så som fastighetschefer, projektchefer, förvaltare, projektledare och sakkunniga i byggprojekt.Skriften är publicerad hos Offentliga fastigheter: https://skr.se/offentligafastigheter/publikationer/publikationer/klimatpaverkanfranrenoveringsochombyggnadsprojekt.67976.html
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Wallander, Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Socialarbetarens expertis : Kunskap i och om professionella bedömningar
- 2022
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In: Socialt arbete i förändring : Utmaningar och villkor inom utbildning, forskning och praktik - Utmaningar och villkor inom utbildning, forskning och praktik. - 9789178955459 - 9789178955466 ; , s. 221-250
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Wallander, Marit, et al.
(author)
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Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Hip Fractures and Non-Skeletal Fall Injuries in the Elderly : A Study From The Fractures And Fall Injuries In The Elderly Cohort (Frailco)
- 2017
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In: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 32:3, s. 449-460
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Questions remain about whether the increased risk of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is related mainly to increased risk of falling or to bone-specific properties. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the risk of hip fractures and non-skeletal fall injuries in older men and women with and without T2DM. We included 429,313 individuals (aged 80.8 +/- 8.2 years [mean +/- SD], 58% women) from the Swedish registry "Senior Alert" and linked the data to several nationwide registers. We identified 79,159 individuals with T2DM (45% with insulin [T2DM-I], 41% with oral antidiabetics [T2DM-O], and 14% with no antidiabetic treatment [T2DM-none]) and 343,603 individuals without diabetes. During a follow-up of approximately 670,000 person-years, we identified in total 36,132 fractures (15,572 hip fractures) and 20,019 non-skeletal fall injuries. In multivariable Cox regression models where the reference group was patients without diabetes and the outcome was hip fracture, T2DM-I was associated with increased risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI] 1.24 [1.16-1.32]), T2DM-O with unaffected risk (1.03 [0.97-1.11]), and T2DM-none with reduced risk (0.88 [0.79-0.98]). Both the diagnosis of T2DM-I (1.22 [1.16-1.29]) and T2DM-O (1.12 [1.06-1.18]) but not T2DM-none (1.07 [0.98-1.16]) predicted non-skeletal fall injury. The same pattern was found regarding other fractures (any, upper arm, ankle, and major osteoporotic fracture) but not for wrist fracture. Subset analyses revealed that in men, the risk of hip fracture was only increased in those with T2DM-I, but in women, both the diagnosis of T2DM-O and T2DM-I were related to increased hip fracture risk. In conclusion, the risk of fractures differs substantially among patients with T2DM and an increased risk of hip fracture was primarily found in insulin-treated patients, whereas the risk of non-skeletal fall injury was consistently increased in T2DM with any diabetes medication.
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