| 1. |
- Edelson, R. A., et al.
(author)
-
Multiwavelength observations of short-timescale variability in NGC 4151. IV. Analysis of multiwavelength continuum variability
- 1996
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 470:1, s. 364-377377
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For pt.III see ibid., vol.470, no.1, p.349-63 (1996). Combines data from the three preceding papers in order to analyze the multi wave-band variability and spectral energy distribution of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 during the 1993 December monitoring campaign. The source, which was near its peak historical brightness, showed strong, correlated variability at X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical wavelengths. The strongest variations were seen in medium-energy (~1.5 keV) X-rays, with a normalized variability amplitude (NVA) of 24%. Weaker (NVA=6%) variations (uncorrelated with those at lower energies) were seen at soft gamma-ray energies of ~100 keV. No significant variability was seen in softer (0.1-1 keV) X-ray bands. In the ultraviolet/optical regime, the NVA decreased from 9% to 1% as the wavelength increased from 1275 to 6900 Aring. These data do not probe extreme ultraviolet (1200 Aring to 0.1 keV) or hard X-ray (250 keV) variability. The phase differences between variations in different bands were consistent with zero lag, with upper limits of lsim0.15 day between 1275 Aring and the other ultraviolet bands, lsim0.3 day between 1275 Aring and 1.5 keV, and lsim1 day between 1275 and 5125 Aring. These tight limits represent more than an order of magnitude improvement over those determined in previous multi-wave-band AGN monitoring campaigns. The ultraviolet fluctuation power spectra showed no evidence for periodicity, but were instead well fitted with a very steep, red power law (ales-2.5)
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| 2. |
- Crenshaw, D. M., et al.
(author)
-
Multiwavelength observations of short-timescale variability in NGC 4151. I. Ultraviolet observations
- 1996
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 470:1, s. 322-335335
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presents the results of an intensive ultraviolet monitoring campaign on the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, as part of an effort to study its short-timescale variability over a broad range in wavelength. The nucleus of NGC 4151 was observed continuously with the International Ultraviolet Explorer for 9.3 days, yielding a pair of LWP and SWP spectra every ~70 minutes, and during 4 hr periods for 4 days prior to and 5 days after the continuous-monitoring period. The sampling frequency of the observations is an order of magnitude higher than that of any previous UV monitoring campaign on a Seyfert galaxy. The continuum fluxes in bands from 1275 to 2688 Aring went through four significant and well-defined ldquoeventsrdquo of duration 2-3 days during the continuous-monitoring period. The authors find that the amplitudes of the continuum variations decrease with increasing wavelength, which extends a general trend for this and other Seyfert galaxies to smaller timescales (i.e., a few days). The continuum variations in all the UV bands are simultaneous to within an accuracy of ~0.15 days, providing a strict constraint on continuum models. The emission-line light curves show only one major event during the continuous monitoring (a slow rise followed by a shallow dip) and do not correlate well with continuum light curves over the short duration of the campaign, because the timescale for continuum variations is apparently smaller than the response times of the emission lines
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| 3. |
- Dietrich, M., et al.
(author)
-
Monitoring of active galactic nuclei. IV. The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4593
- 1994
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 284:1, s. 33-4343
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results of a five-month campaign of optical monitoring the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4593 are presented. High resolution Halpha and Hbeta spectra and direct images in the Johnson U, B, V, R and I bands were obtained between January and June 1990. The emission lines and the continuum showed strong variations on time scales of weeks to days. The Halpha line varied by more than 30% within only 5 days. Cross-correlating the light curves of the Balmer lines with that of the optical continuum gives a lag of around 4 days. Therefore, this low luminosity Seyfert galaxy may have one of the smallest broad line regions known so far
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| 4. |
- Wanders, I., et al.
(author)
-
Spectroscopic monitoring of active galactic nuclei. II. The Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 3516
- 1993
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 269:1-2, s. 39-5353
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors present the results of a five month spectroscopic monitoring campaign of the Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 3516. Using a new calibration method and applying a correction for seeing differences during the various observations they can scale the spectra to each other with a much higher accuracy than hitherto achieved. NGC 3516 shows large amplitude variations on a time scale of several weeks. Asymmetric profile variations occur on the same time scale as the continuum variations. The authors show the presence of a varying dip on the blue wing of the Hbeta profile, which is not present on the Halpha profile, and which corresponds to the absorption features previously seen in the UV emission lines of NGC 3516. From cross-correlation analysis they find a time lag of 14plusmn2 days for the Halpha and 7plusmn3 days for the Hbeta emission-line response to continuum variations
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- van Kuilenburg, Andre B. P., et al.
(author)
-
Glutaminase Deficiency Caused by Short Tandem Repeat Expansion in GLS
- 2019
-
In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 380:15, s. 1433-1441
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report an inborn error of metabolism caused by an expansion of a GCA-repeat tract in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene encoding glutaminase (GLS) that was identified through detailed clinical and biochemical phenotyping, combined with whole-genome sequencing. The expansion was observed in three unrelated patients who presented with an early-onset delay in overall development, progressive ataxia, and elevated levels of glutamine. In addition to ataxia, one patient also showed cerebellar atrophy. The expansion was associated with a relative deficiency of GLS messenger RNA transcribed from the expanded allele, which probably resulted from repeat-mediated chromatin changes upstream of the GLS repeat. Our discovery underscores the importance of careful examination of regions of the genome that are typically excluded from or poorly captured by exome sequencing.
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| 7. |
- Blauhut, Veit, et al.
(author)
-
Lessons from the 2018-2019 European droughts : a collective need for unifying drought risk management
- 2022
-
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1561-8633 .- 1684-9981. ; 22:6, s. 2201-2217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazard severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard, and impact. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders' perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability, and current drought management strategies on national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perception across different countries and in values of the implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study identifies an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and mitigate damage to human and natural assets.
|
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| 8. |
- Blauhut, Veit, et al.
(author)
-
Lessons from the 2018–2019 European droughts: A collective need for unifying drought risk management
- 2021
-
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1561-8633 .- 1684-9981.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Drought events and their impacts vary spatially and temporally due to diverse pedo-climatic and hydrologic conditions, as well as variations in exposure and vulnerability, such as demographics and response actions. While hazardous severity and frequency of past drought events have been studied in detail, little is known about the effect of drought management strategies on the actual impacts, and how the hazard is perceived by relevant stakeholders for inducing action. In a continental study, we characterised and assessed the impacts and the perceptions of two recent drought events (2018 and 2019) in Europe and examined the relationship between management strategies and drought perception, hazard and impacts. The study was based on a pan-European survey involving national representatives from 28 countries and relevant stakeholders responding to a standard questionnaire. The survey focused on collecting information on stakeholders’ perceptions of drought, impacts on water resources and beyond, water availability and current drought management strategies at national and regional scales. The survey results were compared with the actual drought hazard information registered by the European Drought Observatory (EDO) for 2018 and 2019. The results highlighted high diversity in drought perceptions across different countries and in values of implemented drought management strategies to alleviate impacts by increasing national and sub-national awareness and resilience. The study concludes with an urgent need to further reduce drought impacts by constructing and implementing a European macro-level drought governance approach, such as a directive, which would strengthen national drought management and lessen harm to human and natural potentials.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Van Loon, Anne F., et al.
(author)
-
Drought in a human-modified world : reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches
- 2016
-
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 20:9, s. 3631-3650
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the current human-modified world, or Anthropocene, the state of water stores and fluxes has become dependent on human as well as natural processes. Water deficits (or droughts) are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological anomalies, land surface processes, and human inflows, outflows, and storage changes. Our current inability to adequately analyse and manage drought in many places points to gaps in our understanding and to inadequate data and tools. The Anthropocene requires a new framework for drought definitions and research. Drought definitions need to be revisited to explicitly include human processes driving and modifying soil moisture drought and hydrological drought development. We give recommendations for robust drought definitions to clarify timescales of drought and prevent confusion with related terms such as water scarcity and overexploitation. Additionally, our understanding and analysis of drought need to move from single driver to multiple drivers and from uni-directional to multi-directional. We identify research gaps and propose analysis approaches on (1) drivers, (2) modifiers, (3) impacts, (4) feedbacks, and (5) changing the baseline of drought in the Anthropocene. The most pressing research questions are related to the attribution of drought to its causes, to linking drought impacts to drought characteristics, and to societal adaptation and responses to drought. Example questions include (i) What are the dominant drivers of drought in different parts of the world? (ii) How do human modifications of drought enhance or alleviate drought severity? (iii) How do impacts of drought depend on the physical characteristics of drought vs. the vulnerability of people or the environment? (iv) To what extent are physical and human drought processes coupled, and can feedback loops be identified and altered to lessen or mitigate drought? (v) How should we adapt our drought analysis to accommodate changes in the normal situation (i.e. what are considered normal or reference conditions) over time? Answering these questions requires exploration of qualitative and quantitative data as well as mixed modelling approaches. The challenges related to drought research and management in the Anthropocene are not unique to drought, but do require urgent attention. We give recommendations drawn from the fields of flood research, ecology, water management, and water resources studies. The framework presented here provides a holistic view on drought in the Anthropocene, which will help improve management strategies for mitigating the severity and reducing the impacts of droughts in future.
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| 11. |
- Fellström, B, et al.
(author)
-
Chronic Vascular Rejection
- 1995
-
In: Mitteilungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Klinische Nephrologie. ; 24
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)
|
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| 12. |
|
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| 13. |
- Marchand, M, et al.
(author)
-
Immunisation of metastatic cancer patients with MAGE-3 protein combined with adjuvant SBAS-2 : A clinical report
- 2003
-
In: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 39:1, s. 70-77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fifty-seven patients with MAGE-3-positive measurable metastatic cancer, most of them with melanoma, were vaccinated with escalating doses of a recombinant MAGE-3 protein combined with a fixed dose of the immunological adjuvant SBAS-2, which contained MPL and QS21. The immunisation schedule included 4 intramuscular (i.m.) injections at 3-week intervals. Patients whose tumour stabilised or regressed after 4 vaccinations received 2 additional vaccinations at 6-week intervals. The vaccine was generally well tolerated. Among the 33 melanoma patients who were evaluable for tumour response, we observed 2 partial responses, 2 mixed responses and 1 stabilisation. Time to progression in these 5 patients varied from 4 to 29 months. In addition, a partial response lasting 10 months was observed in 1 of the 3 metastatic bladder cancer patients included. None of the tumour responses described above involved visceral metastases. Immunological responses to the vaccine will be reported separately. ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Perry, J. J., et al.
(author)
-
Hysteresis in broad-line regions of active galactic nuclei
- 1994
-
In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 271:3, s. 561-572572
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The response of emission-line luminosities to changes in the observed continuum in active galaxies is commonly used for reverberation mapping (RM) of the emission-line region. The method assumes regularity in the continuum source and linearity in the line response to the continuum, and that the phase-space distribution of the line-emitting gas is constant in time. The wealth of information contained in the detailed line profiles is under-utilized in current methods of RM. The authors propose a new method to improve this situation. The authors define normalized profiles and show how their use enables one to explore details of the emission-line region that have hitherto eluded detection. Furthermore, the authors investigate the possibility of testing the validity of the assumptions as used in the standard application of RM. The authors present new methods, the hysteresis test and the Q concept - also based on the line profiles - to test the basic assumptions of RM. The test fails when applied to NGC 4151. The authors show that there is good evidence either for significantly extended and complex emission-line regions, or for changes in the mass distribution over time-scales of months or more - i.e. on time-scales comparable to the length of typical observing campaigns
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ward, Philip J., et al.
(author)
-
The need to integrate flood and drought disaster risk reduction strategies
- 2020
-
In: Water Security. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-3124. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most research on hydrological risks focuses either on flood risk or drought risk, whilst floods and droughts are two extremes of the same hydrological cycle. To better design disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures and strategies, it is important to consider interactions between these closely linked phenomena. We show examples of: (a) how flood or drought DRR measures can have (unintended) positive or negative impacts on risk of the opposite hazard; and (b) how flood or drought DRR measures can be negatively impacted by the opposite hazard. We focus on dikes and levees, dams, stormwater control and upstream measures, subsurface storage, migration, agricultural practices, and vulnerability and preparedness. We identify key challenges for moving towards a more holistic risk management approach.
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| 17. |
- Anders, H. J., et al.
(author)
-
Myocardial fibrosis in polymyositis
- 1999
-
In: J Rheumatol. ; 26:8, s. 1840-2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myocardial involvement in polymyositis is commonly suspected in noninvasive studies, but symptomatic cardiac disease is rare. We describe a 27-year-old woman with a 6 year history of severe polymyositis and persistent elevation of creatine phosphokinase-MB isoenzyme who suddenly developed congestive heart failure and bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome. Autopsy revealed severe myocardial fibrosis without inflammatory cell infiltrates concomitant to active polymyositis of the skeletal muscles despite intensive longterm immunosuppressive therapy.
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| 18. |
|
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| 19. |
|
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| 20. |
- Ciray, I., et al.
(author)
-
Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-supported chemotherapy on MR imaging of normal red bone marrow in breast cancer patients with focal bone metastases
- 2003
-
In: Acta Radiol. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 44:5, s. 472-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-supported chemotherapy on normal red bone marrow MR imaging in breast cancer patients with focal bone metastases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen breast cancer patients who were examined before and after chemotherapy with T1-weighted-SE and long echo-time inversion-recovery turbo-spin-echo (long TE IR-TSE) sequences in the thoracolumbar spine and pelvis were retrospectively studied. Nine of them received G-CSF therapy after the administration of each chemotherapy course. Of these 9 patients, the MR follow-ups were performed during G-CSF in 4 patients and after G-CSF therapy in 5 patients. Six patients did not receive G-CSF. Signal intensity (SI) changes in normal bone marrow were evaluated visually in all patients and quantitatively in 13 patients. RESULTS: In all 4 patients investigated during G-CSF therapy a diffuse, homogeneous SI increase on long TE IR-TSE was observed visually and quantitatively in initially normal bone marrow. This change obscured some focal lesions in 2 patients. No such SI change was visible after G-CSF therapy (p = 0.008) or in patients not receiving G-CSF. On T1-weighted images an SI decrease was found both during and after G-CSF therapy, but an increase occurred in patients not receiving G-CSF. CONCLUSION: G-CSF-supported chemotherapy can induce diffuse SI changes in normal red bone marrow on MR imaging. On long TE IR-TSE, the changes are visible during G-CSF treatment and can lead to misinterpretations in the response evaluation of bone metastases to therapy.
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| 21. |
- Dallman, M. J., et al.
(author)
-
Cytokine gene expression : analysis using northern blotting, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization
- 1991
-
In: Immunol Rev. ; 119, s. 163-79
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We describe here the use of northern blotting, PCR and in situ hybridization for the analysis of cytokine gene expression. These techniques, each with their advantages and disadvantages, have been used to monitor cytokine gene expression in sites of immune reactivity and in the developing thymus. Whilst expression of a gene usually correlates well with protein production from that gene, this may not always be the case. The development of methods to analyze protein production in situ, for instance by immunohistochemistry, together with analysis of mRNA expression will allow us to begin to understand the role of cytokines within the immune system of the intact animal.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Herzog, Katharina, et al.
(author)
-
An UPLC-MS/MS assay to measure glutathione as marker for oxidative stress in cultured cells
- 2019
-
In: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 9:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxidative stress plays a role in the onset and progression of a number of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and cancer, as well as ageing. Oxidative stress is caused by an increased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced antioxidant activity, resulting in the oxidation of glutathione. The ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione is often used as a marker of the redox state in the cell. Whereas a variety of methods have been developed to measure glutathione in blood samples, methods to measure glutathione in cultured cells are scarce. Here we present a protocol to measure glutathione levels in cultured human and yeast cells using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS).
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Keizer, Ron J., et al.
(author)
-
A model of hypertension and proteinuria in cancer patients treated with the anti-angiogenic drug E7080
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-567X .- 1573-8744. ; 37:4, s. 347-363
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hypertension and proteinuria are commonly observed side-effects for anti-angiogenic drugs targeting the VEGF pathway. In most cases, hypertension can be controlled by prescription of anti-hypertensive (AH) therapy, while proteinuria often requires dose reductions or dose delays. We aimed to construct a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model for hypertension and proteinuria following treatment with the experimental VEGF-inhibitor E7080, which would allow optimization of treatment, by assessing the influence of anti-hypertensive medication and dose reduction or dose delays in treating and avoiding toxicity. Data was collected from a phase I study of E7080 (n = 67), an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, among which VEGF. Blood pressure and urinalysis data were recorded weekly. Modeling was performed in NONMEM, and direct and indirect response PK-PD models were evaluated. A previously developed PK model was used. An indirect response PK-PD model described the increase in BP best, while the probability of developing proteinuria toxicity in response to exposure to E7080, was best described by a Markov transition model. This model may guide clinical interventions and provide treatment recommendations for E7080, and may serve as a template model for other drugs in this class.
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| 31. |
- Koratkar, A, et al.
(author)
-
The disappearing broad absorption lines and variable emission lines in NGC 3516
- 1996
-
In: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL. - : UNIV CHICAGO PRESS. - 0004-637X. ; 470:1, s. 378-393
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 3516 was monitored during 1993 February 16-May 13 by IUE every 4 days for the first month, and then every 2 days for 2 months giving a total of 40 observations. This paper gives the initial results from this campaign, (1) The broa
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| 32. |
- Nordling, Sofia, 1985-, et al.
(author)
-
Enhanced protection of the renal vascular endothelium improves early outcome in kidney transplantation : Preclinical investigations in pig and mouse
- 2018
-
In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ischemia reperfusion injury is one of the major complications responsible for delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. Applications to reduce reperfusion injury are essential due to the widespread use of kidneys from deceased organ donors where the risk for delayed graft function is especially prominent. We have recently shown that coating of inflamed or damaged endothelial cells with a unique heparin conjugate reduces thrombosis and leukocyte recruitment. In this study we evaluated the binding capacity of the heparin conjugate to cultured human endothelial cells, to kidneys from brain-dead porcine donors, and to murine kidneys during static cold storage. The heparin conjugate was able to stably bind cultured endothelial cells with high avidity, and to the renal vasculature of explanted kidneys from pigs and mice. Treatment of murine kidneys prior to transplantation reduced platelet deposition and leukocyte infiltration 24 hours post-transplantation, and significantly improved graft function. The present study thus shows the benefits of enhanced protection of the renal vasculature during cold storage, whereby increasing the antithrombotic and anti-adhesive properties of the vascular endothelium yields improved renal function early after transplantation.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Rodriguez-Ruiz, Alejandro, et al.
(author)
-
One-view digital breast tomosynthesis as a stand-alone modality for breast cancer detection : do we need more?
- 2018
-
In: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 28:5, s. 1938-1948
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To compare the performance of one-view digital breast tomosynthesis (1v-DBT) to that of three other protocols combining DBT and mammography (DM) for breast cancer detection. Materials and methods: Six radiologists, three experienced with 1v-DBT in screening, retrospectively reviewed 181 cases (76 malignant, 50 benign, 55 normal) in two sessions. First, they scored sequentially: 1v-DBT (medio-lateral oblique, MLO), 1v-DBT (MLO) + 1v-DM (cranio-caudal, CC) and two-view DM + DBT (2v-DM+2v-DBT). The second session involved only 2v-DM. Lesions were scored using BI-RADS® and level of suspiciousness (1–10). Sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and jack-knife alternative free-response ROC (JAFROC) were computed. Results: On average, 1v-DBT was non-inferior to any of the other protocols in terms of JAFROC figure-of-merit, area under ROC curve, sensitivity or specificity (p>0.391). While readers inexperienced with 1v-DBT screening improved their sensitivity when adding more images (69–79 %, p=0.019), experienced readers showed similar sensitivity (76 %) and specificity (70 %) between 1v-DBT and 2v-DM+2v-DBT (p=0.482). Subanalysis by lesion type and breast density showed no difference among modalities. Conclusion: Detection performance with 1v-DBT is not statistically inferior to 2v-DM or to 2v-DM+2v-DBT; its use as a stand-alone modality might be sufficient for readers experienced with this protocol. Key points: • One-view breast tomosynthesis is not inferior to two-view digital mammography.• One-view DBT is not inferior to 2-view DM plus 2-view DBT.• Training may lead to 1v-DBT being sufficient for screening.
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|
| 35. |
- Ronnback, J., et al.
(author)
-
Host galaxies of intermediate redshift radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars
- 1996
-
In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 283:1, s. 282-296296
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a search for host galaxies associated with quasars, the authors present results from deep CCD imaging using the European Southern Observatory 3.5-m New Technology Telescope. Altogether 21 targets, 12 radio-loud and nine radio-quiet quasars, were observed in R, and additional V and Gunn i images were collected for a subgroup of these. The quasar redshifts are between 0.4 and 0.8, a range largely unexplored in previous studies. At these redshifts the R band corresponds to a rest-frame wavelength between 4600 and 3600 Aring. Thus, the authors are primarily probing the light from young stellar components of the presumed host galaxies. To separate out the light originating from the host object the authors remove the quasar contribution by scaling the point spread function (PSF). The PSF is a combination of an empirical PSF model, derived from stars lying in the same field as the quasars (used for the core of the PSF), and an analytical model for the wings of the PSF. After PSF subtraction of the QSO image the authors identify extended residual objects in 17 targets (nine in radio-loud and eight in radio-quiet quasars), of which a few are only marginal detections. These objects are large and luminous and their colours are relatively blue. Their V-R colours are consistent with a stellar population typical of late-type spirals and irregular galaxies. The blue colours could be caused by recent star formation events or by scattering of the QSO light
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| 36. |
- Salamanca, I., et al.
(author)
-
Spectroscopic monitoring of active galactic nuclei. III. Size of the broad line region in NGC 3227
- 1994
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 282:3, s. 742-752752
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For pt.II see ibid., vol.269, no.1-2, p.39-53 (1993). The authors present the results of a five-month monitoring campaign of the active galactic nucleus in NGC 3227. The Hbeta and Halpha emission lines and the optical continuum have been analysed. The optical AGN continuum and the broad-line region (BLR) emission in NGC 3227 appear to vary by about 40% on a timescale of 1.5 month. The levels of the broad-line emission and the 675.0 nm continuum are well correlated, a fact consistent with the assumption that the BLR material is photoionised by the central continuum source. Cross-correlation analyses between the light curves of the 675.0 nm AGN continuum and the BLR H emission indicate that the lag of the BLR emission with respect to the continuum variations is 17plusmn7 days. This result suggests that the BLR clouds that are affected by the changes in the flux of the central ionising source lie about 17 light days away from it
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| 37. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
-
In: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
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| 38. |
- Smit, Liesbeth A., et al.
(author)
-
A High Intake of trans Fatty Acids Has Little Effect on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Humans
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 141:9, s. 1673-1678
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consumption of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) increases LDL cholesterol, decreases HDL cholesterol, and is strongly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, changes in circulating cholesterol cannot explain the entire effect. Therefore, we studied whether iTFA and conjugated linoleic acid (CIA) affect markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Sixty-one healthy adults consumed each of 3 diets for 3 wk, in random order. Diets were identical except for 7% of energy provided by oleic acid (control diet), ITFA, or CLA. At the end of the 3 wk, we measured plasma inflammatory markers IL-6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNF-R1 and -RII), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and E-selectin, and urinary 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha), a marker of lipid peroxidation. Consumption of iTFA caused 4% lower TNF-RI concentrations and 60/s higher E-selectin concentrations compared with oleic acid (control and had no significant effect on other inflammatory markers. CIA did not significantly affect inflammatory markers. The urine concentration of 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) [geometric mean (95% CI)) was greater after the TFA [0.54 (0.48, 0.60) nmol/mmol creatinine) and the CIA [1.2 (1.1, 1.3) nmol/mmol creatininel diet periods than after the control period [0.45 (0.41, 0.50) nmoVmmol creatinine; P < 0.05]. In conclusion, high intakes of FIFA and CLA did not substantially affect plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, but they increased the urine 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha) concentration. However, it is unlikely this plays a major role in the mechanism by which ITFA increase the risk of CVD. However, more research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings.
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| 39. |
- Soto, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Predictive ability of a semi-mechanistic model for neutropenia in the development of novel anti-cancer agents : two case studies
- 2011
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In: Investigational new drugs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6997 .- 1573-0646. ; 29:5, s. 984-995
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In cancer chemotherapy neutropenia is a common dose-limiting toxicity. An ability to predict the neutropenic effects of cytotoxic agents based on proposed trial designs and models conditioned on previous studies would be valuable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model for myelosuppression to predict the neutropenia observed in Phase I clinical studies, based on parameter estimates obtained from prior trials. Pharmacokinetic and neutropenia data from 5 clinical trials for diflomotecan and from 4 clinical trials for indisulam were used. Data were analyzed and simulations were performed using the population approach with NONMEM VI. Parameter sets were estimated under the following scenarios: (a) data from each trial independently, (b) pooled data from all clinical trials and (c) pooled data from trials performed before the tested trial. Model performance in each of the scenarios was evaluated by means of predictive (visual and numerical) checks. The semi-mechanistic PK/PD model for neutropenia showed adequate predictive ability for both anti-cancer agents. For diflomotecan, similar predictions were obtained for the three scenarios. For indisulam predictions were better when based on data from the specific study, however when the model parameters were conditioned on data from trials performed prior to a specific study, similar predictions of the drug related-neutropenia profiles and descriptors were obtained as when all data were used. This work provides further indication that modeling and simulation tools can be applied in the early stages of drug development to optimize future trials.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Van Loon, Anne F., et al.
(author)
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Streamflow droughts aggravated by human activities despite management
- 2022
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In: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 17:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human activities both aggravate and alleviate streamflow drought. Here we show that aggravation is dominant in contrasting cases around the world analysed with a consistent methodology. Our 28 cases included different combinations of human-water interactions. We found that water abstraction aggravated all drought characteristics, with increases of 20%-305% in total time in drought found across the case studies, and increases in total deficit of up to almost 3000%. Water transfers reduced drought time and deficit by up to 97%. In cases with both abstraction and water transfers into the catchment or augmenting streamflow from groundwater, the water inputs could not compensate for the aggravation of droughts due to abstraction and only shift the effects in space or time. Reservoir releases for downstream water use alleviated droughts in the dry season, but also led to deficits in the wet season by changing flow seasonality. This led to minor changes in average drought duration (-26 to +38%) and moderate changes in average drought deficit (-86 to +369%). Land use showed a smaller impact on streamflow drought, also with both increases and decreases observed (-48 to +98%). Sewage return flows and pipe leakage possibly counteracted the effects of increased imperviousness in urban areas; however, untangling the effects of land use change on streamflow drought is challenging. This synthesis of diverse global cases highlights the complexity of the human influence on streamflow drought and the added value of empirical comparative studies. Results indicate both intended and unintended consequences of water management and infrastructure on downstream society and ecosystems.
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| 43. |
- Waltenberger, J., et al.
(author)
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Induction of transforming growth factor-beta during cardiac allograft rejection
- 1993
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In: J Immunol. ; 151:2, s. 1147-57
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The polypeptides of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family are potent endogenous immuno-regulators. Using a rat cardiac allograft transplant model, we investigated the expression of the precursor forms of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3 and the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP) by immunohistochemistry. The activity of TGF-beta in the extracts from transplanted as well as normal hearts was measured using a bioassay, and Northern blot analysis was performed on RNA extracts. The transplanted hearts were analyzed both during acute rejection up to 6 days and during chronic rejection up to 6 mo after transplantation and compared with normal controls. The animals of the chronic rejection group received cyclosporin A for immunosuppression. The TGF-beta bioactivity dramatically increased in the transplanted allografts during the chronic rejection process compared to the normal hearts, and so did the immunostaining as well as the mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 and, to a lesser extent, the immunostaining for TGF-beta 2. TGF-beta 3 expression remained unchanged and was only found in the myocardium in trace amounts. During the acute rejection process up to 6 days after transplantation, TGF-beta immunoreactivity increased only slightly, whereas the TGF-beta mRNA was severalfold increased. Control animals treated with cyclosporin A showed a similar pattern at day 6 with regard to TGF-beta expression. LTBP was induced simultaneously with TGF-beta 1 and occurred within interstitial spaces of the myocardium. The TGF-beta was produced by macrophage-like infiltrating lymphocytes. In conclusion, highly elevated levels of TGF-beta and LTBP were found during chronic rejection of cardiac allografts in rats. The induction of TGF-beta may counteract the rejection process and could be useful for new therapeutic approaches in the prevention of allograft rejection.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Waltenberger, J., et al.
(author)
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Ischemia-induced transplant arteriosclerosis in the rat. Induction of peptide growth factor expression
- 1996
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In: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. ; 16:12, s. 1516-23
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Peptide growth factors have been reported to contribute to the atherogenic process, and they are known to mediate signals for vascular remodeling. Using syngeneic and allogeneic rat aorta transplant models, we analyzed the impact of cold ischemia time up to 24 hours and reperfusion injury on development of transplant arteriosclerosis during the first 2 months after transplantation. The expression of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family as well as the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors was studied by use of immunohistochemistry, followed by semiquantitative evaluation and multivariate analysis. In the syngeneically transplanted aortas, the expression of TGF-beta 1, PDGF, and the two PDGF receptors in the neointima increased significantly with the extent of cold ischemia time. Furthermore, there was a significant induction of the latent TGF-beta binding protein in the neointima as well as TGF-beta 2 in the media, both correlating with the observation time after transplantation. In the allogeneic grafts, all examined proteins were already induced strongly 2 weeks after transplantation, even at the shortest ischemic period studied (1 hour). However, no positive correlation between growth factor expression and cold ischemia or observation time could be found. Double immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophages express PDGF and its receptors as well as TGF-beta 1. Smooth muscle cells express both types of PDGF receptors, and a few T cells express TGF-beta 1 as well as PDGF receptors. In summary, TGF-beta and PDGF are induced by allogeneic as well as ischemic stimuli in transplanted aortas, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of transplant arteriosclerosis and representing a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Wanders, A., et al.
(author)
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Ischemia-induced transplant arteriosclerosis in the rat
- 1995
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In: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. ; 15:1, s. 145-55
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of cold graft ischemia time on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis was investigated. Aorta grafts from DA or PVG rats were stored in a cold perfusion solution for 1, 4, or 24 hours before being orthotopically transplanted to PVG recipients. After observation times ranging from 2 to 8 weeks, the grafts were examined for various cell populations. Regional changes in the intima and media layers were measured by using an image analysis system. The arteriosclerosis-like changes seen in syngeneic grafts with the longest ischemia time could be almost as prominent as those seen in the allogeneic transplants. The magnitude of the regional intima changes in the syngeneic group correlated well with the ischemia time and in the allogeneic group with the observation time. The cell composition found in the intima and media of the allogeneic vessels consisted of macrophages, T-lymphocytes, MHC class II-expressing cells, and smooth muscle cells, whereas the syngeneic grafts contained almost exclusively smooth muscle cells and macrophages. We therefore conclude that the damage due to prolonged cold ischemia time is sufficient to cause pronounced graft arteriosclerosis. The pathophysiological mechanism leading to ischemia-induced arteriosclerosis is different from the one seen in the allogeneic situation.
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| 50. |
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