| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(author)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- He, Mingshu, et al.
(author)
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Deep-Feature-Based Autoencoder Network for Few-Shot Malicious Traffic Detection
- 2021
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In: Security and Communication Networks. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1939-0114 .- 1939-0122. ; 2021
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the increase of Internet visits and connections, it is becoming essential and arduous to protect the networks and different devices of the Internet of Things (IoT) from malicious attacks. The intrusion detection systems (IDSs) based on supervised machine learning (ML) methods require a large number of labeled samples. However, the number of abnormal behaviors is far less than that of normal behaviors, let alone that the shots of malicious behavior samples which can be intercepted as training dataset are actually limited. Consequently, it is a key research topic to conduct the anomaly detection for the small number of abnormal behavior samples. This paper proposes an anomaly detection model with a few abnormal samples to solve the problem in few-shot detection based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and autoencoder (AE). This model mainly consists of the CNN-based supervised pretraining module and the AE-based data reconstruction module. Only a few abnormal samples are utilized to the pretrain module to build the structure of extracting deep features. The data reconstruction module simply chooses the deep features of normal samples as training data. There also exist some effective attention mechanisms in the pretraining module. Through the pretraining of small samples, the accuracy of abnormal detection is improved compared with merely training normal samples with AE. The simulation results prove that this solution can solve the above problems occurring in network behavior anomaly detection. In comparison to the original AE model and other clustering methods, the proposed model advances the detection results in a visible way.
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| 3. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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A new three-particle-interaction model to predict the thermodynamic properties of different electrolytes
- 2007
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In: Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9614 .- 1096-3626. ; 39:4, s. 602-612
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, Guggenheim charging process, which involves the radial Boltzmann distribution, was introduced to develop a new predictive model with three parameters, ion-ion distance parameter, ion-solvent parameter, and solvation parameter. In this model, the ion-ion and ion-solvent molecule interaction are all included in the charging process, and it is independent of the temperature and solvent. This new model was applied to correlate the experimental data from literatures for 208 electrolytes aqueous solution at T = 298.15 K of which the concentration range is wide. The calculated results agreed well with the experimental ones for most electrolytes, especially for the prediction in high ionic strength. The estimation of solvation parameter S also gave that the solvation tendency for cations and anions follow a trend, which is in consistent with results published in literature. Investigations were also been made in calculations for electrolytes solutions at other temperatures and non-aqueous system, which proved this model was also feasible.
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| 4. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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A Simple Two-Parameter Correlation Model for Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions across a Wide Range of Temperatures
- 2009
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In: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 54:2, s. 179-186
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we focused on the correlation of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous solutions across a temperature range from (273.15 to 523.15) K by a simple two-parameter model. This model is based on the modified three-characteristic-parameter correlation (TCPC) model. The two parameters, b, distance of closest approach, and S, solvation parameter, represent the interactions between ions and ions-molecules, respectively. The results show that it can adequately correlate the activity coefficient and osmotic coefficient of the single electrolyte solutions. The set of two characteristic parameters for many electrolytes was obtained. We also obtained the temperature-dependent parameters for these electrolytes. In over 70 % of the cases, six to eight parameters are necessary for an electrolyte. Compared with the Pitzer model, our model also represented a good performance.
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| 5. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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Calculations of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, Vapor Pressure and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Electrolyte Solutions by a Modified Three-Characteristic Parameter Correlation Model
- 2009
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In: Journal of Solution Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-9782 .- 1572-8927. ; 38:9, s. 1097-1117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A method was proposed for calculating the thermodynamic properties, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization for single solute electrolyte solutions, including aqueous and nonaqueous solutions, based on a modified three-characteristic-parameter correlation model. When compared with the corresponding literature values, the calculated results show that this method gives a very good approximation, especially for 1-1 electrolytes. Although the method is not very suitable for some solutions with very high ionic strength, it is still a very useful technique when experimental data is scarce.
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| 6. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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Copper extraction from copper ore by electro-reduction in molten CaCl2-NaCl
- 2009
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In: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 54:18, s. 4397-4402
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sintered solid porous pellets of copper sulfide (Cu2S) and Cu2S/FeS were electrolysed at a cell voltage of 2.2-2.8 V to elemental Cu, S and Cu, Fe, S, respectively in molten CaCl2-NaCl at 800 degrees C under the protection of argon gas. The process parameters for optimal electrolysis are presented. The electrolysis products are characterized by microscopic techniques and XRD. The product characteristics are linked to the process parameters. The direct electrolysis of the sulfide to copper with the emission of elemental sulphur offers an attractive green process route for the treatment of copper ore.
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| 7. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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Correlation and prediction of activity and osmotic coefficients of aqueous electrolytes at 298.15 K by the modified TCPC model
- 2007
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In: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 52:2, s. 538-547
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The modification and extension of a three-characteristic-parameter correlation model for calculating the thermodynamic properties including osmotic and mean activity coefficients of aqueous electrolytes at 298.15 K have been presented in this paper. The model can be reduced with two parameters: b, the approaching parameter, and S, the solvation parameter. Although the model adequately describes the thermodynamics with these two parameters, the third parameter, n, which is related to the distance between an ion and a solvent molecule, also can be regarded as an adjustable parameter. The two sets of parameters for 283 single salts in aqueous solutions up to saturation have been obtained from the regression of experimental values. Mean activity or osmotic coefficients of RbNO2, MgCl2, Sm(ClO4)(3), and ZnSO4, with these two sets of parameters, have been compared with the smoothed experimental data, which show good agreement. When the model with three parameters is employed, it gives a more accurate result, especially in case of high concentration. The comparison with Pitzer and the original TCPC model also illustrates the excellent performance of this modified model.
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| 8. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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Correlation and prediction of thermodynamic properties of nonaqueous electrolytes by the modified TCPC model
- 2008
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In: Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9568 .- 1520-5134. ; 53:1, s. 149-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, the modified three-characteristic-parameter correlation model was introduced to correlate and predict the thermodynamic properties, such as the mean activity coefficient, the osmotic coefficient, and the solvent activity, of different kinds of nonaqueous electrolyte solutions. Two sets of parameters, (b, S) and (b, S, n), for 46 single salts in. methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol, etc., were regressed from literature data at 298.15 K. Results of standard deviations showed the good applicability of our model. The calculated results of the mean activity coefficient by our model and the Pitzer model have been compared with each other with good agreement. Smoothed experimental data of osmotic coefficients and solvent activities were calculated with the present model with three or two parameters, and the one with three parameters showed a better performance. We also extended this model for some nonaqueous systems at elevated temperatures, and we also found good consistency between the results calculated from our model and experimental data. Moreover, we further developed this model for calculating those in the mixed-solvent electrolyte systems. The results showed our modified model could adequately describe these complicated electrolyte solutions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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Estimation of Freezing Point Depression, Boiling Point Elevation, and Vaporization Enthalpies of Electrolyte Solutions
- 2009
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In: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 48:4, s. 2229-2235
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel approach is presented in this work for predicting the values of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation for electrolyte solutions at different concentrations on the basis of the Pitzer theories. This method treats the enthalpy change of the solution between the normal freezing point or boiling point and the real ones to be linear temperature dependence. Compared with the literature values, this method performs very well; also, the temperature-dependent parameters of some salts are incorporated to investigate temperature effects of this method. Furthermore, a method based on the Clausius-Clapeyron equation is derived for estimation of the enthalpy of vaporization of very high concentration solutions at different temperatures, and the predicted results are highly positive.
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| 11. |
- Ge, Xinlei, et al.
(author)
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SYNTHESIS OF CHROMIUM AND FERROCHROMIUM ALLOY IN MOLTEN SALTS BY THE ELECTRO-REDUCTION METHOD
- 2015
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In: Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B. - : Technical Faculty in Bor. - 1450-5339. ; 51:2, s. 185-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this work, we successfully applied the Fray-Farthing-Chen Cambridge electro-reduction process on the preparation of chromium from chromium oxide, and for the first time, the synthesis of ferrochromium alloy from chromium oxide and iron oxide mixture and the chromite ore in molten calcium chloride. The present work systematically investigated the influences of sintered temperature of the solid precursor, electrochemical potential, electrolysis temperature and time on the products by using a set of advanced characterization techniques, including XRD and SEM/EDS analyses. In particular, our results show that this process is energy-friendly and technically-feasible for the direct extraction of ferrochromium alloy from chromite ore. Our findings thus provide useful insights for designing a novel green process to produce ferrochromium alloy from low-grade chromite ore or stainless steel slag.
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| 12. |
- Huang, Wei, et al.
(author)
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Substrate Promiscuity, Crystal Structure, and Application of a Plant UDP-Glycosyltransferase UGT74AN3
- 2024
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In: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 14:1, s. 475-488
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Glycosyltransferases are effective enzymes for glycosylating natural products (NPs), and some of them have the unusual property of being exceedingly promiscuous catalytically toward a range of substrates. UGT74AN3 is a plant glycosyltransferase identified from Catharanthus roseus in our previous work. In this study, we found that UGT74AN3 exhibits high substrate promiscuity toward 78 acceptors and 6 sugar donors and also exhibits N-/S-glycosylation activity toward simple aromatic compounds. The crystal structures of UGT74AN3 in the complex with various NPs were solved. Sugar donor recognition of UGT74AN3 was altered by structure-based mutagenesis, and the T145V mutant shifted its sugar donor preference from UDP-Glc to UDP-Xyl. Structural analysis reveals that a spacious U-shaped hydrophobic binding pocket accounts for the high substrate promiscuity of UGT74AN3. The residues E85 and F193 might serve as gatekeepers of UGT74AN3 to control substrate binding. In addition, a rare substrate binding mode was discovered in the structure of UGT74AN3, and the process of substrate flipping in the pocket was charted by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, a cost-effective one-pot system by coupling UGT74AN3 with AtSuSy, a sucrose synthase, was established for in situ generating and recycling UDP-Glc from sucrose and UDP to glycosylate NPs. Our study reveals the structural basis underlying the substrate promiscuity of UGT74AN3 and provides an efficient and economical enzymatic synthesis strategy for producing valuable glycosides for drug discovery.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Haifeng, et al.
(author)
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Laser diagnostics and chemical kinetic analysis of PAHs and soot in co-flow partially premixed flames using diesel surrogate and oxygenated additives of n-butanol and DMF
- 2018
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In: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 188, s. 129-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of oxygenated fuels on soot reduction strongly depend on the base fuel. Interesting candidates from oxygenated fuels in this respect include both n-butanol and 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), because they have already been used in diesel engines recently. However, information is rather limited on n-butanol and DMF added into a diesel fuel surrogate in fundamental flames to investigate the mechanism of soot reduction. In the current work, both n-butanol and DMF was successively added into diesel surrogate (80% n-heptane and 20% toluene in volume, named as T20) in co-flow partially premixed flames. The effects of different oxygenated structures on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot were investigated at the same oxygen weight fractions of 4% and the same volume fractions of 20%. The diagnostics on PAHs, soot volume fractions and soot sizes were conducted by using both laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-color laser-induced incandescence (2C-LII). A combined detailed kinetic model (n-heptane/toluene/butanols/DMF/PAHs) has been obtained in order to clarify the chemical effects of the different oxygenated fuels on PAHs formation. Results show that the reduced toluene content due to the addition of oxygenated fuels is the dominant factor for the reduction of soot, as compared with the base fuel of T20. The oxygenated structure of n-butanol has a higher ability to reduce PAHs and soot as compared with the addition of DMF. This is due to the fact that the consumption of DMF leads to much formation of C5H5 which enhances the formation of PAHs and subsequent soot. However, the formation of PAHs can be inhibited remarkably as blending n-butanol because only small hydrocarbons like C2H2 and C3H3 etc. are formed. The formation rate of A4 is more similar to that of soot in comparison with the smaller ring aromatics. For the size of soot particles, the distribution range is shrunk from 19–70 nm for T20 to 20–40 nm for the addition of oxygenated fuels. As compared to the effects of oxygenated structures, DMF20 presents a little wider distribution on soot sizes than that of B16.8. Some larger soot particles are detected in DMF20 flame but cannot be found in B20 flame.
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| 14. |
- Wang, B., et al.
(author)
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Semiglobal Suboptimal Output Regulation for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems With Input Saturation via Adaptive Dynamic Programming
- 2022
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2162-237X .- 2162-2388. ; , s. 1-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article considers the semiglobal cooperative suboptimal output regulation problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with unknown agent dynamics in the presence of input saturation. To solve the problem, we develop distributed suboptimal control strategies from two perspectives, namely, model-based and data-driven. For the model-based case, we design a suboptimal control strategy by using the low-gain technique and output regulation theory. Moreover, when the agents’ dynamics are unknown, we design a data-driven algorithm to solve the problem. We show that proposed control strategies ensure each agent’s output gradually follows the reference signal and achieves interference suppression while guaranteeing closed-loop stability. The theoretical results are illustrated by a numerical simulation example.
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| 15. |
- Yang, Tao, et al.
(author)
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A survey of distributed optimization
- 2019
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In: Annual Reviews in Control. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1367-5788 .- 1872-9088. ; 47, s. 278-305
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In distributed optimization of multi-agent systems, agents cooperate to minimize a global function which is a sum of local objective functions. Motivated by applications including power systems, sensor networks, smart buildings, and smart manufacturing, various distributed optimization algorithms have been developed. In these algorithms, each agent performs local computation based on its own information and information received from its neighboring agents through the underlying communication network, so that the optimization problem can be solved in a distributed manner. This survey paper aims to offer a detailed overview of existing distributed optimization algorithms and their applications in power systems. More specifically, we first review discrete-time and continuous-time distributed optimization algorithms for undirected graphs. We then discuss how to extend these algorithms in various directions to handle more realistic scenarios. Finally, we focus on the application of distributed optimization in the optimal coordination of distributed energy resources.
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