| 1. |
- Abidin, Shahriman Zainal, et al.
(författare)
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The significance of form elements: a study of representational content of design sketches
- 2011
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450307543 ; , s. 21-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to understand the significance of form elements through the interpretations of design sketches. These interpretations are provided by designers themselves interpreting expressive characteristics of car images, and by students interpreting the sketches of designers' morphing sequences. In the experimental investigation of the sketching process through morphing sequence exercises, designers used individually driven styles and approaches when creating product form. These approaches produce characteristically different form ideas, which differ (but also show consistency) with respect to type of car category, expression, identity, recognition, format, composition, complexity, etc. Typically, assessment of generated sketch work and ideas is done using relative heuristic evaluation in a comparative design review. Given a large set of automotive sketches, general patterns of styling emphasis can be identified. The paper concludes that perceptions of designers are varied due to the representation format of the ideas as visual hand sketches. The visual hand sketches point out certain meaning and can be categorized with respect to perceptual characteristics according to the PPE framework and suggest that a tool to support evaluation and generation of early design concepts can be developed, and to support the generation of form ideas with desired characteristics for a brand, product category and market.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Adank, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring sensory perception, appraisal and concern: An approach to support design activity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 6th Conference on Design & Emotion. - 9789881748928
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fundamental first stage of product interaction is through sensory perception, which generates cognitive and affective experiences. Product perception through sensory feedback is a major component in the end user product appraisal that precedes the elicitation of product emotion. Sensory evaluation is connected to a set of concepts including appraisal, concern and goal oriented objective. The interplay between stimulus (in this case from sensory feedback) and product concern, which forms the basis for product appraisal, is key to understanding how design effort can affect the end user's product perception. This research investigates the contribution that sensory information can make to the design process using a technique, Experience Continuum Sampling to explore the connection between sensory perception, appraisal and concern due to product interaction. This approach provides specific information related to product features experienced through sensory stimuli. The designer can weight sensory information and direct activity to optimise product design.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Aesthetic Flexibility : Modularity of Visual Form in Product Portfolios and Branded Products
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increase in competition amongst companies that produce complex or large product portfolios has created a need to utilise modularity strategies not only to flexibly manage technical complexity in a costeffective manner but also for visual appearance. This research aims to understand how the visual appearance of products is affected by modular product development strategies. Specifically, the aim is to understand how such strategies induce constraints and generate possibilities for management of visual appearance in the design process.Five studies have been conducted during the course of this licentiate thesis. Two were conducted with professionals and students in design, while the remaining three are theoretical studies based on findings in the literature, theory building, and experimental research. The goal has been to investigate how designers work when they are put to the task of changing and developing the designs of complex products that are part of a portfolio. The challenge has been to study what suitable strategies exist that manage complex products and product brands, then investigate how these influence designers’ practices.The first study examined how coherence towards a product category influences the design of new products. The outcome of the study was a method to explore visual coherence and diversity in the appearance of a product category.The remaining four studies investigated how modularity, brand management and the redesign of product portfolios influence a design process. The second study described a design phenomenon known as aesthetic flexibility, which was further explored in studies three and five. The outcome from these studies was a proposal for four aesthetic flexibility strategies.The fourth study investigated in what way portfolio extension strategies found in brand management and design research are related, and how such strategies influence aesthetic flexibility. The results from study four were illustrated as a model.The main contribution of this work is the phenomenon of ‘aesthetic flexibility’, which helps understand the factors that influence designers when working with branded modular products. Understanding visual flexibility serves as a starting point in further investigations of how different development strategies affect the possibilities for visual product design.The findings of this work serve to illustrate and explain a complex and multi-facetted design phenomenon which many designers manage more or less intuitively today, thus advancing academics’, teachers’ and professional designers’ understanding of the field.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Aesthetic Flexibility in the Management of Visual Product Branding
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 2191-2198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper will investigate the strategic design decision-making of an in-house designer in a company with a large product portfolio, with respect to how designers plan for future visual alterations of the product. In-house designers have to think strategically about the creation of recognition and differentiation through design because they influence the company's overall strategies. Therefore, while balancing aesthetic and semiotic qualities of the product, designers have to consider current as well as future needs for recognition and product differentiation. The ability to do so is affected by cost and brand positioning strategy. An exploratory study was setup to investigate what design strategies could be found in an industrial design team employed by a company. The study exposed how in-house designers could strategically incorporate aesthetic flexibility in product parts in order to create opportunities for faster facelifts or redesigns. The importance of managing carry-over details in larger product portfolios was also discovered. To carry over parts from different products is an important way for a company to save money, development time and at the same time increase brand recognition through repetition. Carry-over can be an aid to enhance visual recognition, but it can also be a hindrance when the designer needs to create differencing design values. Most products have a lifespan before they need to be updated or redesigned, which depends on the competition in a product segment. This makes it extra important for designers to have an understanding of when to incorporate carry-over details and when not to. A model was created to describe how carry-over details, design cues and aesthetic flexibility could be managed in a product portfolio. The model is based on Rune Monö’s works and brand management literature, with an emphasis on the brand positioning framework of Point of Difference, Point of Parity and brand extension by Keller et al.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Desirability in the development of In-Car Infotainment Systems
- 2011
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Ingår i: Workshop: User Experience in Cars.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes a workflow for designing experiences whileinteracting with an advanced driver assistant system. Future driver assistancesystems that utilize sensors and Car2X-communication in order to detect threatsin the car environment can help the driver to avoid collisions. To increase theacceptance of such a system, the interaction between the driver and the systemshould be able to generate positive experiences. To generate those experiences,a story-based design workflow was used. Concepts created with this workflowshould be able to address specific psychological needs of the driver. Theimplementation of this workflow revealed different schemes of positiveexperiences during driver interaction in critical situations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Product gist : An approach to identifying form characteristics of the current product sign
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In today's competitive market it is essential for companies to have a clear brand identity towards it consumers and users in order to be successful. Consumers have often a variety of products to choose from and the challenge for a company's products is to be discovered and remembered. An important factor is recognition of a product and how it is conceived through our perception which is mainly an identification process based on familiarity, resemblance or similarity. Furthermore, the visual part of the brain organizes the surrounding into patterns which are used as a guide for us, and to capture the surrounding is called getting its gist. The process of finding resemblance in a design space is often done by the designer as an implicit part in the design process. If this implicit knowledge could be more objectively visualised it might be a helpful tool to create a visual baseline of how consumers would experience the product segment. To show similarities and differences of design features quantitatively can facilitate the communication in a design development project. This paper explores how the concept of a product gist may be used to create a conceptual product sign and also how it could be used to analyse what the design space looks like in a given product segment. By quantitatively overlaying transparent pictures in a product segment visual pattern emerges that can be used as a communication tool in a design process when discussing brand recognition. In this paper a power drill is used as a simple application to illustrate the usage of the proposed product gist.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to materials in Product Design education : A shift from technical properties towards sensorial characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alive. Active. Adaptive : International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017 - International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017. - : TU Delft Open. - 9788790775902 ; , s. 182-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a new pedagogic approach implemented in material courses for product design students at bachelor level education. Material education within the field of design education at technical faculties has, in general, a strong technical focus, e.g. selecting materials with predominant focus on engineering properties of materials. Product design education at a bachelor level need to offer material courses that prepares the design students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes. Early in the design education, students often have a preconception of materials, and they need to be introduced to an open-minded inspirational material selection process, based on scientific design methods. When developing a new curriculum for the material courses, it is important to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how materials can be approached in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aids the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, we selected some methods, guidelines and tools to integrate in the mandatory material courses for the product design students e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas, Meaning Driven Materials Selection and the Material Driven Design method. The implementation were made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. This study only reports the first step of implementation since the second step is under development and will be implemented during autumn 2017.
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| 12. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A Shift From Technical Properties Towards Sensorial Characteristics in Product Design Education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Building Community, Design Education for a Sustainable Future. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&pde17). - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670841 ; , s. 388-393
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate a new pedagogic approach implemented in a compulsory materials course for product design students at bachelors level at Malmö University. When developing a new curriculum for the material course, a decision was made to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how students can deal with materials in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aid the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, some methods, guidelines and tools were selected to integrate in the compulsory materials course for the product design students, e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas [1], Meaning Driven Materials Selection [2] and the Material Driven Design method [3]. The implementation is made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. The study evaluate the first step of implementation in general, and the implementation of the Material Driven Design method in particular. It is hoped that this research can contribute to further development of pedagogical approaches for teaching materials and production methods in a contextualized setting for product design students at bachelors level.
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| 13. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Material selection - A qualitative case study of five design consultancies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : The Design Society. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 439-448, s. 439-448, s. 439-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative case study aims at understanding when and how industrial designers, working in design consultancies, engage in activities that will influence material selection in the design process. While the extant literature presents material selection processes as a sequence of activities aimed at finding candidate materials, there is paucity of research on material criteria activities. Formulating material criteria is an activity that is performed during all design phases and they become clearer and more complete throughout the project. For the case studies, explorative semi-structured interviews were conducted with five industrial designers with 10 years of work experience or more. The results suggest (a) that risk management has a major influence on the material selection process, (b) that negotiations of project boundaries in the 'fuzzy' pre-design phase has crucial influence on the risk management aspect of the material criteria activities, and (c) a lack of awareness that design briefs usually outline material criteria expressed as sensorial characteristics, which are later translated by engineering into final material criteria used for the material selection process.
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| 14. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Material Selection in Industrial Design Education - a Literature Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Design Education: Collaboration and Cross-Disciplinarity, Aalborg, Denmark, 8th-9th September 2016;DS 83: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE16). - : The Design Society. ; , s. 708-713
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level [1]-[3]. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. This paper suggests an approach that prepares the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 15. |
- ASBJØRN SÖRENSEN, CHARLOTTE, et al.
(författare)
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Material Selection in Industrial Design Education : A literature review
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education : Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity - Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity. - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670773 ; , s. 111-111, s. 708-713
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. Industrial design needs to reclaim material education when taught in technical faculties and develop its own curriculum. An open-minded dialogue with the engineering colleagues is a prerequisite in developing a curriculum for material courses in design education at a technical faculty. Together designers and engineers need to define a mutual understanding of concepts and contexts to successfully develop a new curriculum. This paper suggests an approach that prepare the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Christoforidou, Despina, et al.
(författare)
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Good Taste vs Good Design : A tug of war in the light of Bling
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : Berg Publishers. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 15:2, s. 185-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some products are considered ‘bad taste’ and therefore of less value. However, if we focus on what a product does with and for its users, rather than on what a product is, we can disregard superficial statements based on taste and instead get a better understanding of good design. This reasoning is based on the relationship between ‘good taste’ and ‘good design’, terms which are sometimes confused and treated as synonyms. In this article, we explore the tension between ‘good taste’ and ‘good design’ and how designers can use that tension in the design process. We consider ‘good taste’ to be rooted in a subjective context of inherent values, whereas ‘good design’ arises from competence and is based on professional skill. In this paper, ‘bad taste’ is exemplified by products associated with the lifestyles of rap artists and the subculture of bling. Our experience is that bling products often generate strong feelings and opinions and are dismissed by many as ‘bad taste’ because their appearance is incompatible with what is perceived to be ‘good design’. In the context of a course on trends, industrial design students were given the task of exploring how bling products are perceived in everyday life. Their views on bling were compatible with how bling is presented in the media. The students perceived bling products to be far from what is regarded as ‘good taste’ within their own culture. Consequently, they were unable to regard bling as a source of inspiration in their design work. However, when the students began to consider what the product does rather than what it is, they were able to use bling as a source of creativity. What other design opportunities are overlooked by regarding products as being in ‘bad taste’?
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Christoforidou, Despina, et al.
(författare)
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Monolithic vs. polylithic design cultures? : Designers' accounts of professional practices in Sweden and New Zealand
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - 1748-3050. ; 19:1/2/3, s. 7-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comparative study explores how breaches can be applied to unveil potential blindspots within the social constructs surrounding design practice in Sweden and New Zealand. When in-depth interviews with designers in both countries were analysed, similarities and differences appeared. The underlying norms and values identified suggest that the two countries share a similar value-base in relation to the design profession. Designers from both countries described the niche they occupy in terms of what could be called in-betweenness. There are also subtle differences in how designers relate to their professional roles. While designers in New Zealand identify as bricoleurs, designers in Sweden compare themselves to engineers. Furthermore, Sweden appears to be a somewhat monolithic context compared with New Zealand, which seems more polylithic. The proposed approach enables a deeper understanding of potential blindspots in the design field, and the surrounding social construct. Implementing breaches as a lens can be valuable in questioning established truths, and ultimately instigating change.
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| 24. |
- Cinthio, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Individuell betygsättning av grupparbeten inom högre utbildning
- 2016
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Ingår i: 9:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferensen 2016. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; 9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det finns många fördelar med att låta studenter vid högre utbildning gruppvis genomföra projektarbete med öppna frågeställningar. Det finns emellertid problem med att sätta individuella betyg i en kurs som till stor del examineras genom det gruppvisa projektarbetet. I kursen EEMA01 Medicinteknisk design ges valet av undervisningsform naturligt av lärandemålens karaktär men betygssättningen böravspegla individens bidrag i grupprocessen. Efter kritik från missnöjda studenter har lärarlaget i kursen nu utarbetat ett förslag till komplettering för att påverka betygsättning som uppfattats som orättvis.
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| 25. |
- Derelöv, Micael, 1973-
(författare)
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On Evaluation of Design Concepts : Modelling Approaches for Enhancing the Understanding of Design Solutions
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation embraces the issue of evaluating design concepts. Being able to sort out the potential“best solutions” from a set of solutions is a central and important part of the design process. The subjectdiscussed in this dissertation has its origins in the lack of knowledge about design concepts, somethingwhich is characteristic of the initial part of the design process and which frequently causes problems whenit comes to evaluation and selection of solutions. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop aids andmethods that enhance the understanding of design concepts in the early phases of the design process.From deductive reasoning about the fundamental mechanisms of the evaluation activity, the work hasbeen divided into three different areas: process and system modelling, concept optimisation, andidentification of potential failures.The bearing of the work within the area of process and system modelling has a verifying character. Theobjective of the work has been to analyse how established design methodology, which has its commonapplications within traditional engineering industry, may be applied within an area that is characterised bymore multidisciplinary interfaces, like biotechnology. The result of a number of case studies, in whichdifferent types of biotechnical systems where analysed and modelled, shows that the methodology isapplicable even for biotechnical products. During the work the methodology has also been furtherelaborated on in order to better suit the distinguishing characteristics exhibited in the development ofbiotechnical systems.Within the area of concept optimisation, an approach for optimising the concept generation has beenelaborated. By formalising the step in both concept generation and evaluation, it has been possible toapply genetic algorithms in order to optimise the process. The work has resulted in a model thatautomatically creates and sorts out a number of potential solutions from a defined solution space and adefined set of goals.The last area, which deals with identification of potential failures, has resulted in a rather novel way toconsider and model the behaviour of a system. The approach is an elaboration of the modellingtechniques within system theory, and deduces the system’s behaviour from known physical phenomenaand the system’s ability to effectuate them. The way the different behaviours interact with one another, byaffecting the properties of the system, determines the potential for a failure to occur. A “failure”,according to the model, is described as an unintended behaviour which obstructs the system’sfunctionality, i.e. which affects the conditions of a desired behaviour.The dissertation has resulted in three different means for approaching the difficulties associated with theevaluation of design concepts. The means are applicable during different parts of the design process, butthey all address the same issue, viz. to enhance the understanding of the design solutions.
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| 26. |
- Fagerholm, Anna-Sara, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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What a Waste – A norm-critical design study on how waste is understood and managed
- 2023
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation & Recycling Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-3789. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article seeks to contribute new insights into inclusive recycling environments through universal design. The aim is to develop knowledge on how waste is understood and managed by exploring the practice and design of a recycling environment. Applying a norm-critical view, this is explored in a study with participants from a municipal housing company and waste management company in northern Sweden. Methods used are go-along interviews together with professionals and observations of a recycling environment. The results are discussed as: 1) the “(un)social norm;” where our results show that the waste system is perceived as a social system, contradicting previous approaches where waste systems are treated as technical environments. 2) the “(un)design factor;” where we identify how design in a recycling context that doesn´t emphasise diversity may affect activities of sorting.
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| 27. |
- Goellner, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Desirability: A Collaborative Innovation-Initiative between New Zealand Design Academia and Industry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Trends in Product Design and Development: Technological and Organizational Perspectives. - : IGI Global. - 9781615206179 ; , s. 328-347
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter outlines an innovative and collaborative design research project that connects New Zealand SME manufacturers with advanced design thinking about affective design. This project was developed and implemented by the centre for affective design research (Affect) at Massey University. Design researchers and five NZ companies have collaborated to foster ‘design-for-desirability’ thinking and develop capabilities by means of knowledge sharing, enterprise training and individualised projects. This created visionary product concepts utilizing the perceptual product experience framework (Warell, 2008). The chapter provides a novel model for collaboration between industry and academia that focuses on implementing ‘design-for-desirability’ thinking in SME companies with the aim of improving their international competitiveness. Well-designed, functional products are expected in today’s competitive global markets. Gaining success in global markets requires a step beyond this level of usability in order to develop products that are desirable and appeal to the users on emotional, social and intuitive levels.
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| 28. |
- Goellner, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Design for Desirability: An Innovation-Focused Research Collaboration between Academia and Industry
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IASDR Conference, International Association of Societies of Design Research. - 9788996319405 ; , s. 2909-2919
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper outlines an innovation-focused design research collaboration that connects New Zealand design and manufacturing industry with advanced design thinking about design for desirability, a research area pursued at AFFECT - the Centre for Affective Design Research at Massey University in Wellington (NZ). Nowadays, it’s all about offering products that are desirable; products need to appeal to their users on emotional, social and intuitive levels. Functionand usability are still important issues of product design, but unless the product is instantly and as well as continuously appealing, chances for success are slim. Academic design researchers and five New Zealand companies have collaborated in a governmentally funded “Growth Innovation Pilot Initiative” scheme, that aims to foster design for desirability thinking and capabilities by means of knowledge sharing and enterprise training in the form of design projects and workshops.Within this collaboration, Master of Design (MDes) projects were conducted that created visionary product concepts for animal farm management and radio communication utilizing the perceptual product experience framework [1]. This paper describes the process of this project, highlightin the initial interviews with the companies, the collaborative knowledge sharing and enterprise training workshops, and the two MDes projects that aimed to foster and advance design for desirability thinking together with the companies. The described project provides a novel collaborative model between industry and academia that challenges advanced thinking and implementation of design for desirability in small- and medium-sized (SME) companies with the aim of improving international competitiveness of their products. Such companies often lack theknowledge and resources to devise strategies and adopt operational ways of working with desirability focussed design conceptualisation programmes that require a holistic understanding of the users, which can be provided through academic design research collaborations.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Halldórsson, Halldór Björn, 1971-
(författare)
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Tacit : A research journey into the methods, processes and knowledge of graphic designers
- 2022
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By exploring the potential effects of digitisation on graphic design methods, this thesis aims to highlight some of the tacit knowledge possessed by graphic designers and to show that this knowledge can both be externalised and made communicable. Beginning with an interview study where professional designers’ views were gathered and analysed, the work continued through a participatory study where designers’ knowledge was highlighted in a documented design project. Finally, alternative ways of externalising knowledge were employed in an exhibition, displaying the creative outcomes of this thesis. The work shows that the hitherto largely hidden knowledge of graphic designers can be uncovered and made more communicable, strengthening designers’ professional identity and making the field more accessible to students. Furthermore, using versatile approaches in a design project can encourage conceptual development and even professional enjoyment, as well as increasing historical awareness. The thesis uses an experimental approach to research method design and thus contributes to the development of graphic design research methodology. As such, in addition to expanding our understanding of graphic design knowledge, this work will enable a deeper exploration of methods, identity, and the definition of the profession’s taxonomy.
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| 31. |
- Halldórsson, Halldór, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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How did you do that? The value of externalising knowledge in graphic design
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1748-3050 .- 1569-1551. ; 19:1/2/3, s. 31-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to study graphic designers' views on knowledge, considering the challenges faced by the field today. Expressing thoughts about what is needed for a graphic designer to build professional confidence, interview respondents mentioned topics like historical knowledge as well as feedback and presentation skills. To facilitate the navigation of the ever-changing graphic design landscape and to build a solid professional identity, externalising tacit knowledge is a key issue. The study finds that graphic designers mainly talk about their design work when presenting to clients, primarily with the aim of convincing them to accept new proposals. A case can therefore be made for the necessity of developing graphic designers' skills when it comes to explicating design processes with the aim of making it clear to non-designers what it actually is that a graphic designer knows and does, as well as building a stronger theoretical foundation for the profession.
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| 32. |
- Hjort af Ornäs, Viktor, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The spread of product development methodology: Exploring drivers and barriers in Swedish Industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: 10th Biannual NordDesign Conference, NordDesign 2014, Espoo, Finland, 27-29 August. - 9781904670582 ; , s. 540-549
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcome of Design, Innovation and Product development research is often manifested asrecommendations in the form of methods, but these do not always find their way intoindustrial application. This paper elaborates on drivers and barriers for the spread of productdevelopment methodology based on 41 interviews with managers, designers, developers andknowledge brokers. Results indicate a range of motives for adopting methods including e.g.coordination of different actors, generation of documentation, methods serving as tools forvarious design tasks etc. However; the value of tools must be seen in relation to localconditions and practices. The spread of methods occurs between and within organisations andmay be actively supported while ideally “good tools spread themselves”. Participants call formethods to be scalable or malleable, guiding, informing and enabling without constraining orenforcing too rigid procedures.
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| 33. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing design processes for the BOP and TOP markets
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ICED. - 2220-4342 .- 2220-4334. - 9781904670445 ; 1, s. 211-220
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared the design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem driven, solution driven strategy), their requirements handling behaviour, and their information behaviour. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education.
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| 34. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design for resource-limited societies : Informational behaviour of designers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 21-30, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a sharp contrast between High Resource Settings (HRSs), commonly seen in developed countries and Low Resource Settings (LRSs), typically found in the marginalised sections of societies around the world. Product design for LRSs is crucial to satisfy unmet or under-served needs of the people living in LRSs. Supporting designers to develop successful products for LRSs demands developing an in-depth understanding of their design process, including their informational behaviour. In this research, using think aloud protocol analysis, we compared the designers' informational behaviour in designing products for LRSs and HRSs, where HRSs is considered a baseline. The findings indicate that designing products for LRSs is more information intensive, and that it influences the informational activities of designers, thus indicating potential impact of a resource-setting on the way designers deal with information.
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| 35. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for the BOP and the TOP: Requirements handling behaviour of designers
- 2015
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 375-385
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the people living in poverty and the people from developed countries, respectively. In the approach of business development combined with poverty alleviation, the design of products for the BOP plays an important role. There is an urgent need to develop an understanding of the process of designing products for the BOP. Requirements handling is an important ingredient of a design process. This research, using a protocol study, examined the differences between the requirements handling behaviour of designers when they design a product for the BOP and TOP markets. We found differences between their requirements handling behaviour in terms of their attention to different topics of requirements, and their handling of solution-specific and solution-neutral requirements.
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| 36. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for the BOP and TOP markets: Strategies used by the design students
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven strategy, solution driven strategy) in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education. In particular, we have discussed how university-based design projects for the BOP can help in developing students’ different design skills.
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| 37. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Design methods and factors influencing their uptake in product development companies: A review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Design Conference - DESIGN'14. - 1847-9073. ; DS 77, s. 231-240, s. 231-240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design methods are necessary to support product development companies in improving their product development processes, and thereby in producing high quality products. The uptake of design methods in product development companies is limited and lower than one might expect. There is a wide variety of literature related to factors that influence the uptake of design methods in companies. In this paper, we synthesised this literature, and in particular, developed a framework of factors than can influence the uptake of design methods in product development companies.
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| 38. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Fighting poverty through design: Comparing design processes for the base and the top income pyramid
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:DS75-01, s. 211-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation has received attention. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of this poverty reduction approach. While companies are beginning to address the product needs of the BOP, there is limited practical and theoretical knowledge to support them. The current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study aims at exploring the differences between the design strategies used by the industrial design students in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the differences between their design strategies (i.e. problem driven strategy, solution driven strategy) in designing products for the BOP and TOP markets. We have discussed the implications of the findings for design practice and education. In particular, we have discussed how university-based design projects for the BOP can help in developing students’ different design skills.
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| 39. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
How design process for the Base of the Pyramid differs from that for the Top of the Pyramid
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Design Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-694X .- 1872-6909. ; 35:5, s. 527-558
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. The design of products for the BOP is an important ingredient of the poverty reduction approach that combines business development with poverty alleviation. However, the current understanding of the design for the BOP is limited. This study, using a protocol analysis, compared design processes for the BOP and TOP markets. The results indicate the difference between the design processes for these markets in terms of the design strategy employed by the designers (i.e. problem driven, solution driven strategy), their requirements handling behaviour, and their information behaviour.
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| 40. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Ideation Metrics: Interdependency between Average Novelty and Variety
- 2012
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Ingår i: DS 70: Proceedings of DESIGN 2012, the 12th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia. - 1847-9073. - 9789537738174 ; , s. 1881-1892, s. 1881-1892
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined The importance of ideation in the conceptual design phase has been widely accepted. Shah et al. (2003) developed four key metrics for evaluating a designer’s exploration and expansion of design space. The four metrics are: novelty, variety, quality, and quantity of designs. The mean of novelty scores of ideas in a set (i.e. Average Novelty - AN) has also been used in some ideation studies. However, many of the studies that have computed AN and variety, have not examined the interdependency between them. This research aims at examining the interdependency between AN and variety.
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| 41. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
-
Interdependency between average novelty, individual average novelty, and variety
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-0357 .- 2165-0349. ; 3:1, s. 43-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idea generation is an important part of the engineering design process, and therefore significant research efforts have focused on developing methods to support designers in generating ideas. A key factor is the measurement of ideation effectiveness. The effectiveness of idea generation methods can be measured using metrics such as novelty, variety, quantity, and quality. Average novelty (AN) of a set of ideas is also used as one of the ideation metrics. However, the interdependency between AN and variety has been given little attention. An investigation of the interdependency between these metrics is important to enhance our understanding of the metrics of ideation, and thereby to develop methods for improving ideation effectiveness. This article examines the interdependency between AN and variety. In addition, the metric ‘individual average novelty (IAN)’ has been introduced, and the interdependency between ‘IAN’ and variety has been investigated.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Janhager, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Survey on Product Development Methods, Design Competencies, and Communication in Swedish Industry
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of TMCE 2002, Tools and Methods of Competitive Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the results of a questionnaire survey carried out during the spring of 2000. The results are based on the answers provided by a total of 99 respondents. Among other results the survey revealed that more than half of the responding companies have a formally documented strategy for product development work. Regarding disciplinary competencies, it is shown that design engineers are involved in practically all product development projects. Industrial designers are also widely employed, while ergonomics competence is used in less than half of the projects. Design engineering is the most widely employed competence in product development work for all investigated product development tasks, except for ergonomics and aesthetic design tasks. The latter are most commonly carried out by ergonomists and industrial designers, respectively. Most small companies experience good contact with end users, whereas larger companies appear less successful in that respect. The same result applies to perceived communication with other professional categories, as well as access to information. Most of the respondents including project managers, design engineers and development managers answered they have daily contact with design engineers. Among the same respondents, daily contact with industrial designers and ergonomists is very infrequent. Regarding opinions on the product development process, nearly half of the respondents stated they frequently discuss the use of methods and procedures. One third of the respondents agreed that a better-formulated process description than the currently used would facilitate product development work. It was also concluded that nearly one third of the respondents agreed on having difficulties reflecting upon ongoing work, due to, e.g., lack of time.
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| 45. |
- Johnsson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Fostering Automatic Control Students to Become Innovators
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th IFAC World Congress, 2014. - 1474-6670. - 9783902823625 ; , s. 12255-12260
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, innovation is a key word for many universities, as it constitutes an important part of most universities’ public and scientific outreach task. Many universities are striving to increase the number of innovations generated at the university. A common method is to provide various support for research projects e.g.; providing researchers with information about international patent rights (IPR), offering administrative or financial help concerning patent applications, giving entrepreneurship and start-up support, etc. However, fostering innovators and entrepreneurs can start already in undergraduate/graduate courses, i.e. long before a student potentially reaches the research level. We believe that key factors for success in this matter are diversity and freedom. A course that strives to promote innovation capability must allow for students with different backgrounds and different curricula to meet and work together, and must allow for students to freely use their current knowledge within new contexts. This is generally not a setting provided in traditional undergraduate/graduate courses. This article describes the execution and outcome of an graduate course “international Market-Driven Engineering (iMDE)” in which diversity and freedom are key factors. The course is international and multi-disciplinary in terms of students, teachers and subjects. Graduate students with prior knowledge in automatic control constitute one important part of the course population. We believe that the diversity amongst the students, and their freedom when it comes to both innovation process and product, provides a promising platform in which seeds of ideas can grow into conceptual prototypes that build a solid foundation for full-scale innovations. On of the iMDE- projects, the Elderly Accessible Chair, or EA Chair, with its automated scanning and automatic seat- provider functionality, is one concrete example of this.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Jonsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences of a User-Centred Research Approach involving Old People in Early Phases of Design; Reflections from Furniture Manufacturers
- 2013
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 1-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper concerns the furniture industry’s increased interest in opportunities and challenges to respond to demographic shifts and to meet future senior markets. A central issue discussed is how a user-centred approach in a collaborative design research project benefited the industrial partners. The paper focuses on the perspectives of the participating furniture manufacturers. The most involved representatives from each of the seven participating companies in the project were recruited as respondents. Semi-structured interviews were carried out. The results indicate that a user-centred design research approach with an early focus on old people contributed with knowledge on a general level that benefited the industrial partners. All respondents stated that they were strengthened in their presumptions about old people as furniture users and consumers. The majority stated that their understanding of end users improved. Based on lessons learnt three recommendations for future work in co-operative design research projects are: (1) to establish a mutual understanding of the different roles and perspectives of the design researchers and the industrial partners, (2) involve as many stakeholders as possible and (3) use prototypes and iterative design processes.
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| 48. |
- Jonsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
-
What about furniture in Swedish Nursing Homes? : A Design Perspective on Perceived Meanings within the Physical Environment
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Interior Design. - : SAGE Publications. - 1071-7641 .- 1939-1668. ; 39:2, s. 17-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are good reasons to believe that furniture designers can play an important role in the design of appropriate caring environments and thus contribute to the care that is provided. Designers are usually engaged by manufacturers that develop furniture for public procurement and a market for elderly consumers but without being able to learn from those who spend their everyday lives in these environments. This paper is based on industrial design and presents a study that explores the relationships between people and furniture in nursing homes. Thematic interviews were carried out with residents and personnel, in total twenty-one participants. A go-along method was utilized in parts of the interviews with the residents. The empirical study was carried out in three nursing homes in Stockholm. The results prove that elderly people strive for a sense of home in their private rooms in contrast to shared rooms and that the perspectives on furniture differ between the elderly people and the personnel. The conclusion is that understanding the role of furniture at nursing homes can help to reinforce the identity of elderly residents and their needs of continuity and social and existential safety. The recommendations are to involve the experiences of elderly people in the design processes and to make more informed furniture investment decisions for nursing homes.
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| 49. |
- Kristav, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multi-Dimensional Framework for the Development of Authentic Consumer Products
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets. - : University of Warsaw. - 2449-6634. ; 2:8, s. 46-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common assumption in product value literature is that authenticity is what contemporary consumers value the most. However, as this paper illustrates, the meaning of authenticity is unclear, and the term appears foreign to product development practitioners. The purpose of this paper is to explore in what ways product development professionals talk about product value in general and how this relates to authenticity. The analysis of the interviews reveals that product developers must embrace authenticity as a holistic framework if the phenomenon is to be constructive for companies within the product development industry. In line with the concept of authenticity as a multi-dimensional framework, this paper suggests that authenticity does not solely result from certain intrinsic tangible or intangible product characteristics, and that commercially strong products and brands do not automatically become “authentic”.The contribution of this paper to the product development field is a framework for a multi-dimensional construct of authenticity, and an account of what representatives within selected companies talk about when asked about how they create consumer value, and how they contribute to valuable consumer experiences. The findings are analysed and discussed in the context of literature on product development, brand management and marketing management.
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| 50. |
- Kristav, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Remote assessment of intangible product experiences-challenges and implications
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Product Development. - 1477-9056. ; 16:3, s. 243-262
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents two pilot studies done as part of the development of a future tool for remote customer assessment of intangible product experiences. There is a need from industry to better understand how customers perceive products in relation to other products. The aim is to provide industry and researchers with a new approach that is easier to work with and that is more reliable than existing traditional web surveys. In the first study a mock–up tool was emailed to international respondents. The second study was a situated usability study of a prototype version of the tool concerned with how the respondent interface might be developed further from experiences made in the first study. The findings of this paper present suggestions to how future remote product assessments could be made more efficient. The contribution of this paper is the characteristics and quality of a new assessment method. Results from qualitative respondent assessments of the tool indicated that this objective was achieved.
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