| 1. |
- Walther, G, et al.
(author)
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Report on challenges for SCIs
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report discusses the challenges posed by four types of threats – terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, extreme weather and social unrest – on the following eight smart critical infrastructure systems:a.ALPHA - Finance (financial system): The analysis focuses on disturbed information flow and disabling/manipulating IT and communication systems, including attacks on the “physical layer” using the example of IEMI/HPEM threats, as well as the software layer.b. BRAVO - Energy supply (system): The analysis focuses on disruption of “smart” energy supply in a “smart city”, caused by natural hazards, in this case flooding, leading to cascading effects and severe consequences for other energy-depending SCIs.c. CHARLIE - Health care (system):Focus of the analysis is on all threats that might cause large increases in the numbers of injuries or sick patients within a densely populated area. This will include indirect impacts, e.g. large numbers of injuries caused by a disaster or terrorist attacks or disease epidemics, but also direct impacts, e.g. service disruptions in critical health infrastructures, such as hospitals, due to attacks or disasters hitting the infrastructure itself.d.DELTA - Transportation (system) – airports: According to the framework situation, threats on Smart Airports will be assessed under circumstances of (i) blocked traffic, (ii) passenger and airplane traffic exceeding capacity (iii) flood.e. ECHO - Industry (in zones in cities) "Industrial Production Plants":The analysis focuses mainly on technological accidents within the refinery complex, but also accidents caused by natural hazards affecting refinery property outside the main refinery complex, e.g. accident on jetty belonging to refinery on the river Danube during unloading/loading oil products from barge to a tank, damages by a gale or storm on process installations (pipes, hoses) resulting in river pollution. Both scenarios could lead to cascading effects for other SCIs in close vicinity.f. FOXTROT - Water supply (systems): The analysis focuses on three cases of local and regional drinking water supply chains, with different kinds of vulnerabilities in terms of climate threats, ICT challenges, security issues and human error.g.GOLF - Urban flood protection (systems): The analysis focuses in the disruption of water and transport caused through tidal and fluvial flooding events.h. HOTEL: City of Helsinki - Flooding underground coal storage. Resilience of the energy infrastructure (city environment).The way this analysis was conducted was by assessing these threats using a 5x5 framework matrix. The two axes of the matrix were phases (understand risks, anticipate/prepare, absorb/withstand, respond/recover, adapt/learn) and dimensions (system/physical, information/data, organizational/business, societal/political, cognitive/decision-making).Each individual matrix block was discussed by subject experts who identified specific challenges and implications for each matrix element and rated its relevance (high, medium, low).In terms of the results, the system/physical dimension received the highest number of important challenges.Overall, the most important singular element was to understand risks in the organizational/business dimension. The least importance was attributed to the adapt/learn phase.
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(author)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Greinacher, A, et al.
(author)
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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia : towards standardization of platelet factor 4/heparin antigen tests.
- 2010
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In: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 8:9, s. 2025-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Laboratory confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is based on detection of heparin-dependent platelet-activating antibodies. Platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) are a widely available surrogate for platelet-activating antibodies. OBJECTIVE: Defining the optical density (OD) reactivity profiles of a PF4/heparin EIA in reference subject and patient populations and the correlation of the EIA results (expressed in OD units) with the prevalence of platelet-activating antibodies. PATIENTS/METHODS: Using quantile regression we determined the 97.5th percentile of PF4/heparin-immunoglobulin G (IgG) EIA reactivities in non-heparin-treated individuals [blood donors (n = 935)] and patients before heparin therapy (n = 1207). In patients with suspected HIT, we compared the correlation of EIA-IgG reactivities (Greifswald laboratory; n = 2821) and the heparin-induced platelet activation assay (HIPA) with the correlation of reactivities of another EIA-IgG (McMaster laboratory; n = 1956) with the serotonin-release assay (SRA). RESULTS: PF4/heparin-IgG EIA OD reactivities had a lower OD 97.5th percentile in blood donors compared with patient groups before heparin treatment (P < 0.001). The percentage of sera testing positive in the functional assays strongly correlated with PF4/heparin-IgG EIA OD reactivities in both laboratories with very similar results (correlation coefficient > 0.9) when normalized OD ranges (maximum OD divided by 10) were used instead of absolute OD values. CONCLUSIONS: Results of PF4/heparin-IgG EIA should not be reported as only positive or negative as there is no single acceptable cut-off value. Instead, reporting PF4/heparin-IgG EIA OD results in ranges allows for risk-stratified prediction for presence of platelet-activating antibodies. Use of normalized OD ranges permits a standardized approach for inter-laboratory comparisons.
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| 4. |
- Rodriguez, G, et al.
(author)
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Regional cerebral blood flow asymmetries in a group of 189 normal subjects at rest
- 1991
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In: Brain Topography. - 0896-0267 .- 1573-6792. ; 4:1, s. 57-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) asymmetries were studied in 189 subjects (96 males and 93 females) at rest with the 133Xenon inhalation method using a fixed detector system. rCBF asymmetries in the resting condition were very small, nevertheless a significant (p less than 0.001) effect for their topographical distribution was present, reflecting higher rCBF in the right fronto-temporal and left parieto-occipital regions. rCBF asymmetries were not correlated with age, and there were no significant differences between males and females. Asymmetries are therefore useful from a statistical point of view in detecting rCBF abnormalities in the resting condition: they are more stable than absolute values in normal subjects and no matching according to age or sex is required when statistical comparisons are performed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hsu, Jack W., et al.
(author)
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Collection of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells in 1 Day Is Associated with Decreased Donor Toxicity Compared to 2 Days in Unrelated Donors
- 2020
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In: Biology of blood and marrow transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1083-8791 .- 1523-6536. ; 26:6, s. 1210-1217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) have been increasingly used for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation instead of bone marrow stem cells. Current National Marrow Donor Program policy recommends 5 days of daily filgrastim, followed by either 1 or 2 days of apheresis for unrelated donors, depending on collection center choice. To date, there are no published studies comparing the differences in donor experience between 1 day and 2 days of apheresis. We examined 22,348 adult unrelated donor collections in 184 centers between 2006 and 2016. Of these 22,348 donors, 20,004 (89.5%) had collection on 1 day, and the other 2344 (9.5%) had collection over 2 days. Information on why donors underwent apheresis in 1 day or 2 days was not available. Donors who underwent apheresis in 1 day were more likely to be male (67% versus 46%; P < .001), younger (age <30 years, 48% versus 36%; P < .001), and have a higher body weight (83.0 kg versus 75.9 kg; P< .001) and body mass index (BMI; >30, 30% versus 22%; P < .001). Successful collection of the requested CD34(+) cell count was achieved on the first day in 82% of 1-day collections and in 16% of 2-day collections. Despite not administering filgrastim the evening after the first day of collection in patients who underwent 2 days of apheresis, the median concentration of CD34' cells/I, in the product was higher on the second day of apheresis compared with the first day (23.8 x 10(6) CD34(+)/L. on day 1 versus 28.7 x 10(6) CD34(+)/L. on day 2; P< .001). Donors who underwent collection in 1 day were less likely to experience citrate toxicity (36% versus 52%; P< .001), hospitalization (1% versus 6%; P< .001), and other side effects related to apheresis (Modified Toxicity Criteria incidence: 20% versus 26%; P < .001). Female sex, older age, collection via central lines, and higher BMI were factors associated with greater likelihood for the development of toxicity, whereas less toxicity was noted in those with higher CD34(+) counts and more blood processed on the first day of collection. We conclude that although unrelated donors can be successfully collected in 1 day or 2 days, 1-day apheresis procedures were associated with less overall toxicity, and thus we recommend single-day collections, especially if the requested number of cells have been collected in 1 day.
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| 8. |
- Moen, Jon, et al.
(author)
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Eye on the Taiga : Removing Global Policy Impediments to Safeguard the Boreal Forest
- 2014
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In: Conservation Letters. - : Wiley. - 1755-263X. ; 7:4, s. 408-418
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The absence of boreal forests from global policy agendas on sustainable development and climate change mitigation represents a massive missed opportunity for environmental protection. The boreal zone contains some of the world's largest pools of terrestrial carbon that, if not safeguarded from a conversion to a net source of greenhouse gases, could seriously exacerbate global climate change. At the same time, boreal countries have a strong tradition of forest management-expertise that could be effectively leveraged toward global and national carbon mitigation targets and sustainable development. Current obstacles against such contributions include weak incentives for carbon sequestration and a reluctance to embrace change by forest managers and policy makers. We discuss possible solutions to overcome these obstacles, including the improvement of ineffective incentives, the development of alternative forest management strategies, and the need to maintain ecosystem resilience through the pursuit of policy and management options.
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| 9. |
- Passant, Ulla, et al.
(author)
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Orthostatic hypotension in organic dementia: relationship between blood pressure, cortical blood flow and symptoms
- 1996
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In: Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society. ; 6:1, s. 29-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 35 patients with organic dementia (Alzheimer's disease, n = 13, vascular dementia, n = 17, frontotemporal dementia, n = 5) and orthostatic hypotension. Measurements were performed during supine rest and during head-up tilt (60 degrees). Despite marked blood pressure falls, few patients had symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. All three dementia groups had a decrease in regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal lobes during head-up tilt, but no change in mean hemispheric flow. All patients had a consistent drop in their systolic blood pressure upon head-up tilt, with a wide variation over time. The findings suggest that orthostatic hypotension needs to be considered, and actively sought for, in organic dementia as many patients may lack the typical symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, despite a marked fall in blood pressure.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Personality dimensions and regional cerebral blood flow
- 1996
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In: International Journal of Psychology, vol. 31, no. 3-4. ; , s. 331-
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) indicate patterns of brain activity with great potential usefulness for exploring the biological bases of personality traits. We have examined the distribution of cortical rCBF induced by spontaneous mental activity in the resting state, and correlated regional activation with questionnaire measures of personality traits. Our main interest has been in the dimension of extraversion-/introversion. Over a series of three studies (total N=75), results have consistently shown a relationship between high temporal lobe activity and introversion. Task-induced mental activation has tended to diminish the personality differences found at rest.
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| 13. |
- Stenberg, Georg, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Regional patterns of cortical blood flow distinguish extraverts from introverts
- 1990
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In: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 11:7, s. 663-673
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eysenck's hypothesis of higher cortical arousal in introverts was examined using regional cerebral blood flow measurement in 37 healthy subjects . The measurement was made at rest, using the133Xe-inhalation method. Estimates of gray matter flow were obtained for 32 brain regions. There was no significant evidence of personality differences in general arousal, as measured by the mean flow level, averaged over all regions. There were, however, regional differences. An overall test of the blood flow distribution indicated different patterns of activity in introverts and extraverts. Follow-up tests attributed this to higher flow in the temporal lobes for introverts than for extraverts. Higher temporal lobe activity in introverts may be interpreted as increased functional connections between cortex and the limbic system.
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| 14. |
- Tunving, K, et al.
(author)
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Regional cerebral blood flow in long-term heavy cannabis use.
- 1986
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In: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 17:1, s. 15-21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method in nine male chronic cannabis users. The rCBF level in cannabis users was significantly (11%) lower than that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four of the subjects were reexamined after 9-60 days of detoxification and showed a significant (12%) increase of the CBF level at followup. No significant regional flow abnormalities were noted. The global CBF reduction seen in the early phase of detoxification is most likely the consequence of the dysfunction of the central nervous system accompanying chronic cannabis use.
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| 15. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(author)
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Cycloid psychosis: regional cerebral blood flow correlates of a psychotic episode
- 1992
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 85:1, s. 23-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eight patients meeting Leonhard's criteria for cycloid psychosis were investigated on repeated occasions during a psychotic episode, with regional cerebral blood flow measurements and clinical ratings. The results showed that, at admission to the hospital, when the patients were clinically exacerbated, the mean hemispheric blood flow was significantly elevated compared with values from a normal control group. The hemispheric blood flow level covaried significantly with the degree of clinical symptoms, such that the more elevated the cortical blood flow was, the more behaviorally disturbed was the patient. At discharge from the hospital, the patients had no residual symptoms and the cortical blood flow was normal. These findings differ distinctly from those commonly made in other psychoses, such as schizophrenia.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(author)
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Redistribution of blood flow in the cerebral cortex of normal subjects during head-up postural change
- 1992
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In: Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society. ; 2:2, s. 119-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 21 normotensive subjects during supine rest and during head-up tilt to 70 degrees. The results showed significant and consistent regional cerebral blood flow changes in the frontal areas with lower relative flow distribution values (percentage of mean flow) during head-up tilt than during supine rest. The lower frontal flow distribution values during tilt were not related to habituation, to repeated measurements, or to the estimated level of arterial CO2 which was derived from expired end-tidal CO2 levels. None of the subjects had orthostatic hypotension and there was no significant difference in mean hemispheric blood flow between lying down and standing up. There was no significant gender difference in regional cerebral blood flow, although female subjects tended to have higher mean hemispheric flow than males in both postures. It remains to be established whether the flow decreases in the frontal cortex are caused by cerebral functional factors or by haemodynamic mechanisms.
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| 19. |
- Warkentin, Siegbert, et al.
(author)
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Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia: repeated studies during a psychotic episode
- 1990
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In: Psychiatry Research. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 35:1, s. 27-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements and clinical ratings were performed on 17 schizophrenic patients and a subgroup of 10 medication-free patients before and after treatment. While clinically exacerbated patients had normal blood flow, patients in remission showed a redistribution of flow with lower values in frontal areas. Anteroposterior ratios correlated with the degree of behavioral disturbances, suggesting that the level of frontal lobe activity in schizophrenia may be a function of the patient's clinical state at the time of study.
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| 20. |
- Waxegård, Gustaf, 1975-
(author)
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Conceptualizing professionals' strategies in care pathways for neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Neurodevelopmental disorders (ND), are complex neuropsychological functional impairments. About 3-5% of all children meet criteria for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and about 1% for autism spectrum disorder – along with intellectual developmental disorder the most common ND diagnoses. Degree and type of functional impairment vary greatly within and between patients, necessitating multi-professional assessment and treatment. Using classic grounded theory (Glaser), this thesis offers a new theory of professionals’ practices in care pathways for ND. It also contains a pilot evaluation of a new, tablet-based, clinical test of attention.Study I shows that care pathways for ND are characterized by social dilemmas. What is rational for an individual professional, team or clinic, is not always rational for the care pathway as a whole. Collective action therefor requires development and sustainability of inter-professional trust. The study highlights strategies used by professionals to decide on whether to act collectively or unilaterally. Such trust testing strategies are couched in the frameworks of social dilemma-theory and game-theory. Study II emphasizes the importance of professional control over strategies, structures and methods in the care pathway for ND (unpacking control) to deal with ND-related complexity. Lack of such control can short-circuit the ability to work successfully as a professional. Unpacking control is understood mainly in the light of professions theory.Study III evaluates the new MapCog Spectra test as a rapid method to detect and assess clinical problems of attention. Four groups of children and adolescents took the test. Two groups were comprised of patients with either ND or other psychiatric problems. Two groups were comprised of school children without known clinical conditions. The MapCog Spectra test separated clinical from non-clinical groups with good precision.In the thesis, concepts from studies I and II are integrated and extended to form a unified theory about professional practices in care pathways for ND. The latters are suggested to be a particular form of commons, which can be collectively managed by professionals in more or less successful ways. A quantitative model for the dynamics in the care pathways is presented.
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