| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Papadopoulos, N G, et al.
(author)
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International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma.
- 2012
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In: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 67:8, s. 976-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents are available to support medical decisions on pediatric asthma. Although there is no doubt that the use of common systematic approaches for management can considerably improve outcomes, dissemination and implementation of these are still major challenges. Consequently, the International Collaboration in Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (iCAALL), recently formed by the EAACI, AAAAI, ACAAI, and WAO, has decided to propose an International Consensus on (ICON) Pediatric Asthma. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences, thus providing a concise reference. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted. Overall, the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Assessment and monitoring should be performed regularly to re-evaluate and fine-tune treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. The optimal use of medication can, in most cases, help patients control symptoms and reduce the risk for future morbidity. The management of exacerbations is a major consideration, independent of chronic treatment. There is a trend toward considering phenotype-specific treatment choices; however, this goal has not yet been achieved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brand, P L P, et al.
(author)
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Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based approach.
- 2008
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In: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003. ; 32:4, s. 1096-110
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is poor agreement on definitions of different phenotypes of preschool wheezing disorders. The present Task Force proposes to use the terms episodic (viral) wheeze to describe children who wheeze intermittently and are well between episodes, and multiple-trigger wheeze for children who wheeze both during and outside discrete episodes. Investigations are only needed when in doubt about the diagnosis. Based on the limited evidence available, inhaled short-acting beta(2)-agonists by metered-dose inhaler/spacer combination are recommended for symptomatic relief. Educating parents regarding causative factors and treatment is useful. Exposure to tobacco smoke should be avoided; allergen avoidance may be considered when sensitisation has been established. Maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids is recommended for multiple-trigger wheeze; benefits are often small. Montelukast is recommended for the treatment of episodic (viral) wheeze and can be started when symptoms of a viral cold develop. Given the large overlap in phenotypes, and the fact that patients can move from one phenotype to another, inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast may be considered on a trial basis in almost any preschool child with recurrent wheeze, but should be discontinued if there is no clear clinical benefit. Large well-designed randomised controlled trials with clear descriptions of patients are needed to improve the present recommendations on the treatment of these common syndromes.
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| 7. |
- Malengo, A., et al.
(author)
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Final report on EURAMET project 1395/EURAMET.M.FF-K4.1.2016 : Volume comparison at 20 L
- 2020
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In: Metrologia. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 57:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the EURAMET TC-F annual meeting, held in Boras in 2015, it was agreed to perform the follow up of the CCM.FF-K4.1.2011 organized for the EURAMET NMIs for volume of liquids at 20 L. The transfer standard was a 20 L pipette supplied by CENAM. The participants of this comparison also involved in the comparison CCM.FF-K4.1.2011 were: CENAM, INRIM, IPQ, RISE and VSL, in total there were twenty-one participants. The comparison was organized in two petals, INIRM perform three measurements, at the beginning, after the first petal and at the end of the circulation. The comparison measurements started in April 2016 and ended in October 2017. It should be noted that most of the participants (thirteen) declared an expanded uncertainty less than 0,005 %. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Changes in the epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome in Sweden 1973-1996.
- 2001
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 84:1, s. 24-30
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, there was a significant rise in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Scandinavia. Following the risk reducing campaign, the incidence has fallen to about the same level as in 1973.To identify the changes that have occurred in the epidemiology of SIDS.We compared the Swedish part of the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study (NESS), covering the years 1992-1995, with two earlier, descriptive studies during this period. To assess the changing effects of risk factors, we analysed data from the Medical Birth Registry of Sweden, covering the years 1973-1996.There was a predominance of deaths during weekends in the 1970s and 1990s. The seasonal variation was most notable in the 1980s. The proportion of young mothers decreased from 14% to 5%. Cohabitation (living with the biological father) was as frequent in the 1990s as in the 1970s. The prevalence of high parity, admissions to neonatal wards, low birth weight, prematurity, and multiple pregnancies were all increased in the 1990s compared to the 1970s. No significant change in the prevalence of previous apparent life threatening events was found. Deaths occurring in cars diminished from 10% to below 2%. In the data from the Medical Birth Registry of Sweden, there were significantly increased odds ratios after the risk reducing campaign of the risk factors smoking during early pregnancy and preterm birth. We could find no increased effects of maternal age, parity, or being small for gestational age over time. The rate of deaths at weekends remained increased; the median age at death fell from 90 to 60 days. Seasonal variation was less notable in the periods of low incidence.
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| 10. |
- Bush, A, et al.
(author)
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Re: A new perspective on concepts of asthma severity and control.
- 2009
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In: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 33:3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lødrup Carlsen, K C, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children.
- 2011
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In: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 37:2, s. 432-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children should be performed in a step-wise manner to ensure an optimal approach. A four-step assessment scheme is proposed. First, a full diagnostic work-up is performed to exclude other diseases which mimic asthma. Secondly, a multi-disciplinary assessment is performed to identify issues that may need attention, including comorbidities. Thirdly, the pattern of inflammation is assessed, and finally steroid responsiveness is documented. Based upon these four steps an optimal individualised treatment plan is developed. In this article the many gaps in our current knowledge in all these steps are highlighted, and recommendations for current clinical practice and future research are made. The lack of good data and the heterogeneity of problematic severe asthma still limit our ability to optimise the management on an individual basis in this small, but challenging group of patients.
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| 13. |
- Möhlmann, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Latitudinal diversity of biting midge species within the Obsoletus group across three habitats in Europe
- 2019
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In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology. - : WILEY. - 0269-283X .- 1365-2915. ; 33:3, s. 420-426
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Culicoides species from the Obsoletus group are important vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg virus. This group consists of several species that cannot easily be identified using morphological characteristics. Therefore, limited information is available about their distribution and habitat preferences. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the species composition of the Obsoletus group in three habitat types at climatically different latitudes across Europe. Traps were placed in three habitat types in three countries at different latitudes. After DNA extraction, biting midges were identified using PCR and gel electrophoresis. Extraction of DNA using Chelex proved to be a cost and time efficient method for species identification. A latitudinal effect on the relative abundance of species from the Obsoletus group was found. Species composition was unique for most country-habitat combinations. The majority of biting midges were either C. obsoletus s.s. or C. scoticus, and both species were found at all latitudes and habitats. Their wide distribution and their high abundance at livestock farms make these species likely candidates for rapid farm-to-farm transmission of pathogens throughout Europe. Our results emphasize the need to differentiate Obsoletus group species to better understand their ecology and contribution to pathogen transmission.
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| 14. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(author)
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The decline in the incidence of SIDS in Scandinavia and its relation to risk-intervention campaigns. Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 1997
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 86:9, s. 963-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A prospective case-control study of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Norway, Denmark and Sweden between September 1, 1992 and August 31, 1995 comprised 244 cases and 869 matched controls. After the introduction of risk-intervention campaigns, the SIDS incidence decreased from 2.3/1000 live births in Norway, 1.6 in Denmark and 1.0 in Sweden to 0.6/1000 or fewer in all the Scandinavian countries in 1995. The decrease paralleled a decline in the prone sleeping position and there was an accompanying parallel fall in total postneonatal mortality in all three countries. Thus, the risk-reducing campaigns for SIDS have been successful not only in Norway and Denmark, starting from relatively high incidences, but also in Sweden, starting from a low incidence. During the study period, a gradual increase was observed for the effects of prone sleeping, smoking and bottle-feeding as risk factors for SIDS.
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| 15. |
- Wennerholm, U. B., et al.
(author)
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Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS) : multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial
- 2020
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In: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0016-5751 .- 1438-8804. ; 80:10, s. E76-E76
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate if induction of labour at 41 weeks improves perinatal and maternal outcomes in women with low risk pregnancies compared with expectant management and induction at 42 weeks.Methods: A multicenter, randomised controlled superiority trial.Women with low risk singleton pregnanies (n = 2760) were randomised to either induction or expectant management group. The primary outcome was a composite perinatal outcome including one or more of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, Apgar score < 7 at five minutes, pH < 7.00 or metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.05 and base deficit >12 mmol/L) in the umbilical artery, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, intracranial haemorrhage, convulsions, meconium aspiration syndrome, mechanical ventilation within 72 hours, obstetric brachial plexus injury. Primary analysis was by intention to treat.Results: The study was stopped early owing to a significantly higher rate of perinatal mortality in the expectant management group (no deaths compared to six deaths, p = 0.03). The primary outcome did not differ: 2.4 % (33/1381) in the induction group and 2.2 % (31/1379) in the expectant management group (RR 1.06, 95 %CI 0.65 to 1.73; p = 0.90). The proportion of caesarean delivery, instrumental vaginal delivery, or any major maternal morbidity did not differ between the groups.Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the primary composite outcome when comparing induction at 41 weeks with expectant management and induction at 42. However, a reduction of the secondary outcome perinatal mortality was observed without increasing adverse maternal outcomes. To offer induction at 41 weeks could be one of few interventions that reduces the rate of stillbirths.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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A case-control study of smoking and sudden infant death syndrome in the Scandinavian countries, 1992 to 1995. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 1998
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. - 1468-2044. ; 78:4, s. 329-34
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To establish whether smoking is an independent risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), if the effect is mainly due to prenatal or postnatal smoking, and the effect of smoking cessation.The analyses were based on data from the Nordic epidemiological SIDS study, a case-control study with 244 cases and 869 controls. Odds ratios were computed by conditional logistic regression analysis.Smoking emerged as an independent risk factor for SIDS, and the effect was mainly mediated through maternal smoking in pregnancy (crude odds ratio 4.0 (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 5.6)). Maternal smoking showed a marked dose-response relation. There was no effect of paternal smoking if the mother did not smoke. Stopping or even reducing smoking was beneficial. SIDS cases exposed to tobacco smoke were breast fed for a shorter time than non-exposed cases, and feeding difficulties were also more common.Smoking is an independent risk factor for SIDS and is mainly mediated through maternal smoking during pregnancy. Stopping smoking or smoking less may be beneficial in reducing the risk of SIDS.
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| 18. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95.
- 2002
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 86:6, s. 400-2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess the effects of breast feeding habits on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the Scandinavian countries between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995 were invited to participate, each with parents of four matched controls. The odds ratios presented were computed by conditional logistic regression analysis.After adjustment for smoking during pregnancy, paternal employment, sleeping position, and age of the infant, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 5.1 (2.3 to 11.2) if the infant was exclusively breast fed for less than four weeks, 3.7 (1.6 to 8.4) for 4-7 weeks, 1.6 (0.7 to 3.6) for 8-11 weeks, and 2.8 (1.2 to 6.8) for 12-15 weeks, with exclusive breast feeding over 16 weeks as the reference. Mixed feeding in the first week post partum did not increase the risk.The study is supportive of a weak relation between breast feeding and SIDS reduction.
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| 19. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Caffeine and alcohol as risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome. Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 1999
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In: Archives of disease in childhood. - : BMJ. - 1468-2044 .- 0003-9888. ; 81:2, s. 107-11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess whether alcohol and caffeine are independent risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Analyses based on data from the Nordic epidemiological SIDS study, a case control study in which all parents of SIDS victims in the Nordic countries from 1 September 1992 to 31 August 1995 were invited to participate with parents of four controls, matched for sex and age at death. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression analysis.The crude ORs for caffeine consumption > 800 mg/24 hours both during and after pregnancy were significantly raised: 3.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 8.1) and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5 to 6.3), respectively. However, after adjustment for maternal smoking in 1st trimester, maternal age, education and parity, no significant effect of caffeine during or after pregnancy remained. For maternal or paternal alcohol use, no significant risk increase was found after adjusting for social variables, except for heavy postnatal intake of alcohol by the mother, where the risk was significantly increased.Caffeine during or after pregnancy was not found to be an independent risk factor for SIDS after adjustment for maternal age, education, parity, and smoking during pregnancy. Heavy postnatal but not prenatal intake of alcohol by the mother increased the risk.
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| 20. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Living conditions in early infancy in Denmark, Norway and Sweden 1992-95: results from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS study.
- 2000
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 89:2, s. 208-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective was to study living conditions of infants and their families in Scandinavia in the 1990s and to assess similarities and differences among the three Scandinavian countries. The emphasis is on health and normality rather than on diseases and other deviations from well-being. The subjects are the 869 controls in the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS study carried out between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995 in Norway, Denmark and Sweden. The controls were matched with the 244 SIDS cases for sex, age and maternity hospital. Parents of the SIDS cases and the controls filled in the same questionnaire on family, pregnancy, delivery, the neonatal and the post-perinatal period. The most striking findings were that 99% of the mothers went to regular maternity controls, 97% to well-baby clinics and 84% breastfed exclusively. On the other hand, 11% drank alcohol more than once a month during pregnancy and 29% smoked during pregnancy. Compared to official statistics, to the extent they exist, the differences were small. The material contains valuable information on normal infant care in Scandinavia in the 1990s. Living conditions of infants in Scandinavia are similar in the three countries. Differences exist, but only to a small extent.
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| 21. |
- Alm, Bernt, 1951, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin A and sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia 1992-1995.
- 2003
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 92:2, s. 162-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To assess the effect of vitamin supplementation on the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the Scandinavian countries were invited to participate together with parents of four matched controls between 1 September 1992 and 31 August 1995. The odds ratios presented are computed by conditional logistic regression analysis.The crude odds ratio in Scandinavia for not giving vitamin substitution was 2.8 (95% CI (1.9, 4.3)). This effect was statistically significant in Norway and Sweden, which use A and D vitamin supplementation, but not in Denmark, where only vitamin D supplementation is given. The odds ratios remained significant in Sweden when an adjustment was made for confounding factors (OR 28.4, 95% CI (4.7, 171.3)).We found an association between increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome and infants not being given vitamin supplementation during their first year of life. This was highly significant in Sweden, and the effect is possibly connected with vitamin A deficiency. This effect persisted when an adjustment was made for potential confounders, includingsocioeconomic factors.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Altered levels of the soluble IL-1, IL-4 and TNF receptors, as well as the IL-1 receptor antagonist, in intermittent allergic rhinitis
- 2004
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In: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 134:3, s. 227-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The effects of cytokines are modulated by soluble cytokine receptors (SCR) and receptor antagonists. Therefore, allergic disease may depend on altered proportions between cytokines, their SCR and receptor antagonists, rather than absolute changes in cytokine levels. Little is known about SCR in intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR). OBJECTIVE: To examine the concentrations of SCR, i.e. sIL-1R2, sIL-4R, sIL-6R and sTNFR1, as well as the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in nasal fluids from allergen-challenged patients with IAR and healthy controls. METHODS: 30 patients with birch- or grass-pollen-induced IAR and 30 healthy controls were studied. In the patients nasal fluids were obtained before as well as 1 and 6 h after allergen provocation. RESULTS: Both symptom scores and rhinoscopic signs of rhinitis increased in the patients after allergen challenge. Comparisons between patients and controls showed that sIL-4R was lower in patients before and 1 and 6 h after provocation. IL-1Ra was lower before and 1 h after provocation. In addition, lower concentrations of sTNFR1 were found in patients after 1 h, while sIL-1R2 concentrations were higher after 1 h. Comparisons of patients before and after challenge showed that IL-1Ra and sTNFR1 decreased after 1 h, while sIL-1R2 increased. No significant differences were found compared to 6 h. sIL-6R did not significantly differ between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: After allergen challenge, significant changes in the nasal fluid levels of IL-1Ra, sIL-1R2 and sTNFR1 were found. By contrast, sIL-4R remained at lower levels than in controls both before and after challenge. Since sIL-4R modulates IgE synthesis, this may play a role in the pathogenesis of IAR.
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| 24. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Increased expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
- 2002
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In: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1043-4666 .- 1096-0023. ; 20:6, s. 268-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased vascular dilatation and permeability characterize allergic rhinitis. In this study oligonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix HuGe95A) were used to identify differentially expressed vasoactive genes in nasal biopsies from 23 patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and 12 healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the biopsies and pooled in three patient and three control pools. Out of 12,626 analysed transcripts, 39 were higher and 81 lower in the patients. Of these transcripts two have vasoactive effects: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and the Beta-1-Adrenergic Receptor. Both were higher in patients than in controls. The mean +/- SEM expression levels in arbitrary units of VEGF-A were 130 +/- 123 in the patients and 59 +/- 53 in the controls. The fold ratio in expression levels between patients/controls was 2.2. The corresponding values for the beta-1-adrenergic receptor were 129 +/- 123 in the patients and 40 +/- 31 in the controls. The fold ratio between patient/controls was 3.2. The role of VEGF-A was assessed by determining VEGF-A concentrations in nasal fluids from another 30 patients with SAR before and after allergen provocation. VEGF-A increased from 124.3 +/- 30.2 to 163.2 +/- 37.8 pg/ml after challenge, P < 0.05. In summary, oligonucleotide microarray analysis of nasal biopsies and protein analyses of nasal fluids indicate that VEGF-A may be an important mediator in SAR.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergvall, M., et al.
(author)
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Validity of classification of distal radial fractures in the Swedish fracture register
- 2021
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In: Bmc Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundDistal radial fractures (DRF) are one of the most common fractures with a small peak in incidence among young males and an increasing incidence with age among women. The reliable classification of fractures is important, as classification provides a framework for communicating effectively on clinical cases. Fracture classification is also a prerequisite for data collection in national quality registers and for clinical research. Since its inception in 2011, the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) has collected data on more than 490,000 fractures. The attending physician classifies the fracture according to the AO/OTA classification upon registration in the SFR. Previous studies regarding the classification of distal radial fractures (DRF) have shown difficulties in inter- and intra-observer agreement. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the registration of DRF in adults in the SFR as it is carried out in clinical practice.MethodsA reference group of three experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeons classified 128 DRFs, randomly retrieved from the SFR, at two classification sessions 6 weeks apart. The classification the reference group agreed on was regarded as the gold standard classification for each fracture. The accuracy of the classification in the SFR was defined as the agreement between the gold standard classification and the classification in the SFR. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was evaluated and the degree of agreement was calculated as Cohen's kappa.ResultsThe accuracy of the classification of DRF in the SFR was kappa=0.41 (0.31-0.51) for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa=0.48 (0.36-0.61) for the AO/OTA type. This corresponds to moderate agreement. Inter-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.22-0.48 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.48-0.76 for the AO/OTA type. Intra-observer agreement ranged from kappa 0.52-0.70 for the AO/OTA subgroup/group and kappa 0.71-0.76 for the AO/OTA type.ConclusionsThe study shows moderate accuracy in the classification of DRF in the SFR. Although the degree of accuracy for DRF appears to be lower than for other fracture locations, the accuracy shown in the current study is similar to that in previous studies of DRF.
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| 27. |
- Bertz, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Diet and exercise weight-loss trial in lactating overweight and obese women
- 2012
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165. ; 96:4, s. 698-705
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Current evidence suggests a combined treatment of postpartum weight loss of diet and exercise. However, to our knowledge, neither their separate and interactive effects nor long-term outcomes have been evaluated. Objective: We evaluated whether a 12-wk dietary behavior modification (D) treatment to decrease energy intake, physical exercise behavior modification (E) treatment to implement moderate aerobic exercise, or combined dietary and physical exercise behavior modification (DE) treatment compared with control (usual care) (C) reduces body weight in lactating women measured at the end of treatment and at a 1-y follow-up 9 mo after treatment termination. Design: At 10-14 wk postpartum, 68 lactating Swedish women with a prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m(2)) of 25-35 were randomly assigned to D, E, DE, or C groups. Measurements were made at baseline, after the intervention, and again at a 1-y follow-up 9 mo later. A 2 x 2 factorial approach was used to analyze main and interaction effects of treatments. Results: Weight changes after the intervention and 1-y follow-up were -8.3 +/- 4.2 and -10.2 +/- 5.7 kg, respectively, in the D group; -2.4 +/- 3.2 and -2.7 +/- 5.9 kg, respectively, in the E group; -6.9 +/- 3.0 and -7.3 +/- 6.3 kg, respectively, in the DE group; and -0.8 +/- 3.0 and -0.9 +/- 6.6 kg, respectively, in the C group. The main effects of D treatment, but not of E treatment, on weight were significant at both times (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary treatment provided clinically relevant weight loss in lactating postpartum women, which was sustained at 9 mo after treatment. The combined treatment did not yield significant weight or body-composition changes beyond those of dietary treatment alone. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01343238. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:698-705.
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| 28. |
- Bjermer, L, et al.
(author)
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Rinitastma : en sjukdom i hela luftvägen
- 2014
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In: Rinitastma : en sjukdom i hela luftvägen / [redaktör Hanna Vihavainen]. - Stockholm : Stiftelsen astma och allergiförbundets forskningsfond. - 9789163770425
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Brand, Paul L P, et al.
(author)
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Classification and pharmacological treatment of preschool wheezing: changes since 2008.
- 2014
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In: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 43:4, s. 1172-1177
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since the publication of the European Respiratory Society Task Force report in 2008, significant new evidence has become available on the classification and management of preschool wheezing disorders. In this report, an international consensus group reviews this new evidence and proposes some modifications to the recommendations made in 2008. Specifically, the consensus group acknowledges that wheeze patterns in young children vary over time and with treatment, rendering the distinction between episodic viral wheeze and multiple-trigger wheeze unclear in many patients. Inhaled corticosteroids remain first-line treatment for multiple-trigger wheeze, but may also be considered in patients with episodic viral wheeze with frequent or severe episodes, or when the clinician suspects that interval symptoms are being under reported. Any controller therapy should be viewed as a treatment trial, with scheduled close follow-up to monitor treatment effect. The group recommends discontinuing treatment if there is no benefit and taking favourable natural history into account when making decisions about long-term therapy. Oral corticosteroids are not indicated in mild-to-moderate acute wheeze episodes and should be reserved for severe exacerbations in hospitalised patients. Future research should focus on better clinical and genetic markers, as well as biomarkers, of disease severity.
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| 33. |
- Daltveit, A K, et al.
(author)
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Circadian variations in sudden infant death syndrome: associations with maternal smoking, sleeping position and infections. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 2003
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 92:9, s. 1007-13
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To study circadian variation in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and possible associations with risk factors for SIDS.A questionnaire-based case-control study matched for place of birth, age and gender was conducted in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. The study comprised 244 SIDS victims and 869 control infants between September 1992 and August 1995. The main outcome was hour found dead.A significant circadian pattern was observed among the 242 SIDS victims with a known hour found dead, with a peak at 08.00-08.59 in the morning (n = 33). Of the SIDS victims, 12% were found dead at 00.00-05.59, 58% at 06.00-11.59, 21% at 12.00-17.59 and 9.0% at 18.00-23.59. When comparing night/morning SIDS and day/evening SIDS (found dead 00.00-11.59 and 12.00-23.59, respectively), the proportion of night/morning SIDS was high among infants of smoking mothers (81% vs 53%, p < 0.001), infants with a reported cold (82% vs 64%, p = 0.007) and infants sleeping side/supine (81% vs 60%, p < 0.001). No associations were observed between hour found dead and other sociodemographic risk factors for SIDS. Risk (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) of night/morning SIDS and day/evening SIDS was 7.0 (4.5-10.9) and 1.5 (0.8-2.5), respectively, for maternal smoking, 2.2 (1.5-3.1) and 0.6 (0.3-1.3), respectively, if the infant had a reported cold, 3.7 (2.1-6.6) and 3.1 (1.1-8.4), respectively, if the infant was put to sleep in the side position (supine reference), and 11.0 (5.9-20.2) and 21.6 (7.6-60.8), respectively, if the infant was put to sleep in the prone position.The observed higher proportion of night/morning cases in SIDS if the mother smoked, if the infant was reported to have a cold and if the infant was sleeping side/supine may contribute to the understanding of some epidemiological characteristics of SIDS.
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| 34. |
- Daltveit, A K, et al.
(author)
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Sociodemographic risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome: associations with other risk factors. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study.
- 1998
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 87:3, s. 284-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate associations between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and social factors in the Nordic countries. A case-control study was conducted in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. Parents of 244 SIDS infants and 869 control infants matched on gender, age at death and place of birth filled in questionnaires. The dataset was analysed by conditional logistic regression. In univariate analysis, the following sociodemographic factors were associated with an increased risk of SIDS: low maternal age [odds ratio (OR) 7.8; 2.8-21.5], high birth order (OR 4.4; 2.5-7.5), single motherhood (OR 2.9; 1.7-5.0), low maternal education (OR 4.5; 2.8-7.1), low paternal education (OR 3.0; 1.9-4.7), maternal unemployment (OR 2.4; 1.8-3.4) and paternal unemployment (OR 4.0; 2.7-5.9). In a multivariate analysis where maternal smoking was also included, only paternal unemployment, young maternal age and high birth order remained significantly associated with SIDS. Housing conditions were not associated with SIDS. However, the risk of SIDS was high if the family had lived in their present home for only a few years (OR 2.3; 1.3-4.1). Sociodemographic differences remain a major concern in SIDS in a low-incidence situation and even in an affluent population with adequate health services.
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| 35. |
- Edstam, Monika M., et al.
(author)
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Coexpression patterns indicate that GPI-anchored non-specific lipid transfer proteins are involved in accumulation of cuticular wax, suberin and sporopollenin
- 2013
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In: Plant Molecular Biology. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0167-4412 .- 1573-5028. ; 83:6, s. 625-649
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) are unique to land plants. The nsLTPs are characterized by a compact structure with a central hydrophobic cavity and can be classified to different types based on sequence similarity, intron position or spacing between the cysteine residues. The type G nsLTPs (LTPGs) have a GPI-anchor in the C-terminal region which attaches the protein to the exterior side of the plasma membrane. The function of these proteins, which are encoded by large gene families, has not been systematically investigated so far. In this study we have explored microarray data to investigate the expression pattern of the LTPGs in Arabidopsis and rice. We identified that the LTPG genes in each plant can be arranged in three expression modules with significant coexpression within the modules. According to expression patterns and module sizes, the Arabidopsis module AtI is functionally equivalent to the rice module OsI, AtII corresponds to OsII and AtIII is functionally comparable to OsIII. Starting from modules AtI, AtII and AtIII we generated extended networks with Arabidopsis genes coexpressed with the modules. Gene ontology analyses of the obtained networks suggest roles for LTPGs in the synthesis or deposition of cuticular waxes, suberin and sporopollenin. The AtI-module is primarily involved with cuticular wax, the AtII-module with suberin and the AtIII-module with sporopollenin. Further transcript analysis revealed that several transcript forms exist for several of the LTPG genes in both Arabidopsis and rice. The data suggests that the GPI-anchor attachment and localization of LTPGs may be controlled to some extent by alternative splicing.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Gatzinsky, Vladimir, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Impaired peripheral airway function in adults following repair of esophageal atresia.
- 2014
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In: Journal of pediatric surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-5037 .- 0022-3468. ; 49:9, s. 1347-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Esophageal atresia (EA) often leads to persistent symptoms and impaired respiratory function in adulthood. The role of peripheral airways in this impairment has not been previously investigated. Furthermore, asthma-like symptoms are common in these patients.
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| 41. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Asthma symptoms in early childhood--what happens then?
- 2006
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In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:4, s. 471-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. METHODS: In a prospective study, we have re-investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness tests at the age of 17-20 years and compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper-responsiveness and active smoking. CONCLUSION: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.
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| 42. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Reduced airway function in early adulthood among subjects with wheezing disorder before two years of age.
- 2008
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In: Pediatric pulmonology. - : Wiley. - 1099-0496 .- 8755-6863. ; 43:4, s. 396-403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To compare airway function in early adulthood in subjects with wheezing in infancy with age-matched controls and to analyze what accounts for a possible difference. METHODS: Asthma development has been prospectively studied in 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of two. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested with spirometry and for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and allergic sensitization. An age-matched population (n = 294) was used for comparison. RESULTS: The cohort had a significantly lower FEV(1)/FVC ratio and MEF(50), both pre- and post-bronchodilation, compared with the controls, P < 0.01. The reduction in airway function was most evident in current asthmatic female subjects, but a reduced pre-bronchodilation FEV(1)/FVC ratio was also seen in symptom-free cohort subjects, P = 0.03. In the multivariate analysis, female gender was the most prominent independent risk factor for reduced airway function in early adulthood, pre-bronchodilation OR 4.0 (1.4-11.3) and post-bronchodilation OR 8.8 (1.8-42.0). In addition, a history of early wheezing, that is, belonging to the cohort, was an independent risk factor for reduced airway function pre-bronchodilation, OR 3.3 (1.3-8.7). Furthermore, there was an association between current bronchial hyper-responsiveness and an increased risk of reduced airway function post-bronchodilation, OR 7.3 (2.0-26.6). CONCLUSION: Reduced airway function in early adulthood was found in subjects with wheezing early in life, compared with age-matched controls. The reduction was most prominent in females with current asthma.
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| 43. |
- Goksör, Emma, 1974, et al.
(author)
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The impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on future asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness
- 2007
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In: Acta Paediatr. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 96:7, s. 1030-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Helweg-Larsen, K, et al.
(author)
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Interactions of infectious symptoms and modifiable risk factors in sudden infant death syndrome. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS study.
- 1999
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 88:5, s. 521-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of infection on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and to analyse whether modifiable risk factors of SIDS, prone sleeping, covered head and smoking act as effect modifiers. In a consecutive multicentre case-control study of SIDS in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, questionnaires on potential risk factors for SIDS were completed by parents of SIDS victims, and for at least two controls matched for gender, age and place of birth. All SIDS cases were verified by an autopsy. The study comprised 244 SIDS cases and 869 controls, analysed by conditional logistic regression. Significantly more cases than controls presenting symptoms of infectious diseases during the last week and/or last day were treated with antibiotics and had been seen by a physician. The finding is consistent with the hypothesis of an infectious mechanism in SIDS induced by local microorganism growth and toxin or cytokine production, and also adds further support to a possible association between infection and SIDS by loss of protective mechanisms, such as arousal. The risk of SIDS among infants with the combined presence of infectious symptoms and either of the other modifiable risk factors, prone sleeping, head covered or parental smoking, was far greater than the sum of each individual factor. These risk factors thus modify the dangerousness of infection in infancy.
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| 46. |
- Hesselmar, Bill, 1955, et al.
(author)
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Astma
- 2014
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In: Allergi och astma hos barn.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144084572
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 47. |
- Holmgren, Daniel, 1945, et al.
(author)
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Histamine provocation in young, awake children with bronchial asthma, using a fall in oxygenation as the only indicator of a bronchial reaction.
- 1999
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In: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 88:5, s. 545-9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bronchial provocation with histamine was performed in 11 boys and 6 girls, age range 2.7-7.4 y, with unspecific respiratory symptoms or bronchial asthma, using a fall in oxygenation as the only indicator of a bronchial reaction. In addition to transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO2) was continuously monitored during the provocation procedure in order to identify possible changes in ventilation. A fall of 20% or more in the tcPO2 below a "floating" baseline value, defined as the highest tcPO2 value between the inhalations of histamine up to that point, was regarded as indicating a significant bronchial reaction. One child was excluded from the study because of an "early, false-positive" reaction due to hyperventilation during the inhalation, verified by a decrease in the tcPCO2 followed by a compensatory period of hypoventilation, resulting in a fall of more than 15% in the tcPO2 after the inhalation of saline. In the vast majority of the children, however, the tcPO2 values remained stable during the first dose stages of saline and histamine, with either a gradual fall immediately before or a distinct fall in conjunction with the reaction. The mean reaction concentration was significantly lower in the group of children with clinical asthma, 0.74 mg/ml, compared with the group of children with unspecific respiratory symptoms, 2.00 mg/ml (p = 0.03). In conclusion, a 20% fall in the tcPO2 can be used as the only indicator of a bronchial reaction during bronchial provocation tests in young, awake children. Changes in ventilation evaluated by monitoring tcPCO2, makes it possible to distinguish between a fall in oxygen tension due to an early, "false" reaction as a result of hypoventilation and a "true" bronchial reaction.
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| 48. |
- Holmgren, Daniel, 1945, et al.
(author)
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Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring during salbutamol inhalations in young children with acute asthmatic symptoms.
- 1992
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In: Pediatric pulmonology. - 8755-6863. ; 14:2, s. 75-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of salbutamol inhalations on transcutaneous blood gases was investigated in 23 children (aged 11 months-2.5 years) with asthmatic symptoms. After one salbutamol inhalation there was a mean increase in transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) of 0.5 kPa (P less than 0.01); after a second dose given 30 minutes later, the mean increase was 1.2 kPa (P less than 0.001). The increase in tcPO2 after only one dose of salbutamol was significantly correlated to age (P less than 0.01). No such correlation was observed after a second dose. The overall increase in tcPO2 after two salbutamol inhalations showed a negative correlation to the duration of the current symptomatic period (P less than 0.05). We conclude that salbutamol inhalations have beneficial effects in young children with acute asthmatic symptoms, even below the age of 18 months, provided that an adequate dose reaches the lung and preferably at an early stage of obstruction.
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| 49. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(author)
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A strategic analysis of slaughterhouses and animal transportation in Sweden
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The number of slaughterhouses in Sweden has decreased over time. Fewer slaughterhouses are expected to affect the transport time for animals and as a consequence animal welfare. We have analyzed the transportto- slaughter system, for pigs and cattle, using transport-data from 2008, geographical information for slaughterhouses and farms, and actual route distances between facilities. We made a strategic analysis of the existing slaughterhouses and tested the impact of numbers decreasing further. With strategic planning the potential reduction of transport distance is 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. About 50% of the slaughterhouses in Sweden could be closed down with small effect on the total transport work. This implies that for the national total animal welfare which animals are sent where, is much more important than the number of slaughterhouses. However for the welfare (transport time and distance) of the animals in long transports number of slaughterhouses (regular or mobile) is important. Animal welfare weights of distances in the objective function decreases the amount of transports with long route times. We have investigated where in Sweden it would be beneficial to use mobile slaughterhouses. Animals are usually not sent to closest slaughterhouse; we show how slaughterhouse capacity must change if that transport strategy was applied.
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| 50. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(author)
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Improvement of animal welfare by strategic analysis and logistic optimisation of animal slaughter transportation
- 2016
-
In: Animal Welfare. - : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transportation of animals to slaughterhouses is a major welfare concern. The number of slaughterhouses has decreased over time in Europe due to centralisation. This is expected to increase transport time for animals and as a consequence negatively affect animal welfare. We propose an optimisation model based on a facility location model to perform strategic analysis to improve transportation logistics. The model is tested on the Swedish slaughter transport system. We show that, by strategic planning and redirection of transports while keeping the slaughterhouse capacities as of the originaldata, the potential exists to reduce transport distance by 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that approximately 50% of Swedish slaughterhouses can be shut down with a minimal effect on total transport distances. This implies that in terms of the overall welfare picture, the decision of which animals to send where plays a for more significant role than the number of slaughterhouses. In addition, by changing relative weights on distances in the optimisation function the amount of individualtransports with longjourney times can be decreased. We also show results from altered slaughterhouse capacity and geographical location of slaughterhouses. This is the first time an entire country has been analysed in great detail with respect to the location, capacity and number of slaughterhouses. The focus is mainly on the analysis of unique and detailed information of actual animal transports in Sweden and a demonstration of the potential impact redirection of the transports and/ or altering of slaughterhouses can have on animal welfare.
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