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| 2. |
- Graham, Emelie Linnéa, et al.
(author)
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Physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles and cloud residuals on Mt. angstrom reskutan in Central Sweden during summer 2014
- 2020
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In: Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6509 .- 1600-0889. ; 72:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The size distribution, volatility and hygroscopicity of ambient aerosols and cloud residuals were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and a volatility-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (VHTDMA) coupled to a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet during the Cloud and Aerosol Experiment at Are (CAEsAR) campaign at Mt. Areskutan during summer 2014. The chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) and cloud water were analysed offline using thermo-optical OC/EC analysis and ion chromatography. The importance of aerosol particle size for cloud droplet activation and subsequent particle scavenging was clearly visible in the measured size distributions. Cloud residuals were shifted towards larger sizes compared to ambient aerosol, and the cloud events were followed by a size distribution dominated by smaller particles. Organics dominated both PM (62% organic mass fraction) and cloud water (63% organic mass fraction) composition. The volatility and hygroscopicity of the ambient aerosols were representative of homogeneous aged aerosol with contributions from biogenic secondary organics, with median volume fraction remaining (VFR) of 0.04-0.05, and median hygroscopicity parameter kappa of 0.16-0.24 for 100-300 nm particles. The corresponding VFR and kappa for the cloud residuals were 0.03-0.04 and 0.18-0.20. The chemical composition, hygroscopicity and volatility measurements thus showed no major differences between the ambient aerosol particles and cloud residuals. The VFR and kappa values predicted based on the chemical composition measurements agreed well with the VHTDMA measurements, indicating the bulk chemical composition to be a reasonable approximation throughout the size distribution. There were indications, however, of some more subtle changes in time scales not achievable by the offline chemical analysis applied here. Further, online observations of aerosol and cloud residual chemical composition are therefore warranted.
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| 4. |
- Abudurexiti, A, et al.
(author)
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Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019
- 2019
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In: Archives of virology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-8798 .- 0304-8608. ; 164:7, s. 1949-1965
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 5. |
- Bogg, Lennart
(author)
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Health care financing in China : equity in transition
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is 1) to assess equity in the provision, financing and utilization of health services in the study counties, after the launching of the Chinese health reform, in relation to income and health status, 2) to assess equity in utilization, financial barriers to care and poverty impact and the association of financial variables; alternative health insurance systerns and out-of-pocket financing and the association of non-financial variables; gender, age, education, occupation and geographical distance to health facilities. The data collection was carried out from 1993 to 1996. Retrospective, cross-sectional and panel data were collected in an expenditure review, a household survey (n=5756) and a provider survey (n=1064). The health expenditure review was designed as a natural experiment with 'twin' counties, one insurance-based and one out-of-pocket funded. The data sources were health accounts and interviews with officials in two of the counties. The household and provider surveys were based on multi-stage sampling. The provider survey involved health staff at county hospitals, township hospitals and village health stations and included curative, preventative and traditional medicine. Triangulation of methods and perspectives improved validity. The analysis was based on quantitative methods, including multivariate analysis. The study has shown that after the launching of the Chinese health reform (around 1985), the mix of health services shifted to less preventative and more curative services and a higher proportion of tertiary curative services. This was more pronounced in the insurance-based county. The majority of clinical doctors confirmed moral hazard by admitting that they alter prescriptions with consideration to the patients' financial status. A high level of inequity in illness, health care utilization, financing and financial difficulties was observed. Inequity in utilization was related to income, health insurance coverage and age. Registration at birth is a precondition for equal access. A gender bias was found in the high number of unregistered girls in five of the six counties, actual number of girls under 18 years at home exceeded the number reported in pregnancy histories by 22%. The elderly (8. 1% of the population) utilized a disproportionally small share (4%) of inpatient services. The ratio of negative pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage or still birth) increased by 170% from 1985-89 to 1990-95, while utilization of hospital delivery and qualified delivery supervision decreased. More than 90% of CMS (Cooperative Medical System) participants had qualified delivery supervision. The risk of adverse outcomes was 4.5 times higher for out-of-pocket paying mothers than for mothers with health insurance. CMS was associated with better health, three times less risk of illness with a duration of at least one month, five times less risk of financial difficulties and half the risk of care-induced debt. Other health insurance systerns were associated with higher costs, without reducing barriers to care or improving health. It is suggested that equity has ethical, political and fiscal aspects. The decreasing share of public financing of health services signals a need to involve the Ministry of Finance in discussions how to ensure adequate levels of public funding for rural health care. Professional norms and ethics need to be revived with the objective of creating a health system with quality-oriented incentives and improved equity.
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| 8. |
- Kuhlefelt, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Professionalising volunteer management in museums and archives : Reflections from NCK
- 2022
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In: Nordic Figurations of Volunteering. - Östersund : Jamtli förlag. - 9789179482671 ; , s. 215-227
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Heritage Learning and Creativity (NCK) has been working with the subject of volunteers and volunteer management for over a decade in close collaboration with other partners, of which many are contributors to this volume. But why does a research and development centre for heritage learning interest itself in volunteer management and leadership? In this essay, we will reflect on the question through a historical overview of some of the ways in which NCK has engaged in the professionalization of the Nordic heritage sector, and through looking ahead. As we have seen that dialogue is a powerful tool for engaging in the heterogeneous subject of volunteer management and leadership in the heritage sector, this essay will focus on some of the intricate questions that are guiding our work on the topic, rather than providing clear-cut answers.
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| 9. |
- Kühlewind, Mirja, et al.
(author)
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TAPS: an abstract application interface for QUIC
- 2018
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In: In Proceedings of CoNEXT ’18. ACM, New York, NY, USA. ; , s. 1-3
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The TAPS Architecture for Transport Services [6] providesa framework for the design of a protocol-independent asynchronousmessage-based transport API. While the traditionalBSD socket API [1] requires the user to make a choice aboutwhich protocol to use from the beginning, the TAPS APIfocuses on transport features and gives the transport stackitself the opportunity to select the most appropriate protocol.This flexibility also supports deployment of new protocols,such as QUIC, because the application does not need tochange in order to benefit from such new innovations. Thisposter defines two API mappings for QUIC, either exposingmultistreaming explicitly to the application or providing away to utilize multistreaming without application input.
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| 11. |
- Madueño, Leizel, et al.
(author)
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A new method to measure real-world respiratory tract deposition of inhaled ambient black carbon
- 2019
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In: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 248, s. 295-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we present the development of a mobile system to measure real-world total respiratory tract deposition of inhaled ambient black carbon (BC). Such information can be used to supplement the existing knowledge on air pollution-related health effects, especially in the regions where the use of standard methods and intricate instrumentation is limited. The study is divided in two parts. Firstly, we present the design of portable system and methodology to evaluate the exhaled air BC content. We demonstrate that under real-world conditions, the proposed system exhibit negligible particle losses, and can additionally be used to determine the minute ventilation. Secondly, exemplary experimental data from the system is presented. A feasibility study was conducted in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. In a pilot experiment, we found that the cumulative total respiratory tract deposition dose over 1-h commuting trip would result in approximately 2.6 μg of BC. This is up to 5 times lower than the values obtained from conjectural approach (e.g. using physical parameters from previously reported worksheets). Measured total respiratory tract deposited BC fraction varied from 39% to 48% during walking and commuting inside a micro-bus, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, no studies focusing on experimental determination of real-world deposition dose of BC have been performed in developing regions. This can be especially important because the BC mass concentration is significant and determines a large fraction of particle mass concentration. In this work, we propose a potential method, recommendations, as well as the limitations in establishing an easy and relatively cheap way to estimate the respiratory tract deposition of BC. In this study we present a novel method to measure real-world respiratory tract deposition dose of Black Carbon. Results from a pilot study in La Paz, Bolivia, are presented.
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| 12. |
- Menghi, Claudio, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Poster: Property specification patterns for robotic missions
- 2018
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In: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137351, s. 434-435
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Engineering dependable software for mobile robots is becoming increasingly important. A core asset in engineering mobile robots is the mission specification-A formal description of the goals that mobile robots shall achieve. Such mission specifications are used, among others, to synthesize, verify, simulate, or guide the engineering of robot software. Development of precise mission specifications is challenging. Engineers need to translate the mission requirements into specification structures expressed in a logical language-A laborious and error-prone task. To mitigate this problem, we present a catalog of mission specification patterns for mobile robots. Our focus is on robot movement, one of the most prominent and recurrent specification problems for mobile robots. Our catalog maps common mission specification problems to recurrent solutions, which we provide as templates that can be used by engineers. The patterns are the result of analyzing missions extracted from the literature. For each pattern, we describe usage intent, known uses, relationships to other patterns, and-most importantly-A template representing the solution as a logical formula in temporal logic. Our specification patterns constitute reusable building blocks that can be used by engineers to create complex mission specifications while reducing specification mistakes. We believe that our patterns support researchers working on tool support and techniques to synthesize and verify mission specifications, and language designers creating rich domain-specific languages for mobile robots, incorporating our patterns as language concepts.
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| 14. |
- Silva, Willian, et al.
(author)
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Light competition and phenological adaptation of annual plants to a changing climate
- 2021
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In: Climate Change Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-9005. ; 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shifting flowering seasons is a global effect of climate change that can have important long-term evolutionary and demographic effects on plant communities. Life history optimization theory can be a valuable tool to assert the adaptive value and fitness effects of observed phenological shifts, but takes plant-plant competition rarely into account. Here we combine energy allocation models with evolutionary game theory to assess how size-asymmetric competition for light can influence phenological adaptations and fitness responses to a changing climate –here represented as changes of the start, end and intensity of the growing season. We focus on annual plants which, due to their short generation times, are particularly likely to exhibit rapid demographic and evolutionary responses to environmental change. We find that while light competition favors late flowering times, it does not affect the direction of selection in the climate changes scenarios considered here. We predict, however, that plants adapted to light competition face more detrimental fitness consequences if the growing season advances, becomes shorter or less intense. We also show that adaptation to changing growing seasons under light competition can favor increased investment in vegetative growth with the counterintuitive side effect that seed production is reduced at the same time. In sum, our study highlights several effects of light competition that may help to interpret phenological trends and idiosyncratic fitness effects of climate change in wild plant communities.
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| 15. |
- Walsh, Louise, et al.
(author)
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BET Inhibition as a Rational Therapeutic Strategy for Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
- 2019
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In: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 25:23, s. 7139-7150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a subtype of breast cancer accounting for 10% of breast tumors. The majority of patients are treated with endocrine therapy; however, endocrine resistance is common in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors (BETi) are effective in diverse types of breast cancer but they have not yet been assessed in ILC.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed whether targeting the BET proteins with JQ1 could serve as an effective therapeutic strategy in ILC in both 2D and 3D models. We used dynamic BH3 profiling and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify transcriptional reprograming enabling resistance to JQ1-induced apoptosis. As part of the RATHER study, we obtained copy-number alterations and RNA-seq on 61 ILC patient samples.RESULTS: Certain ILC cell lines were sensitive to JQ1, while others were intrinsically resistant to JQ1-induced apoptosis. JQ1 treatment led to an enhanced dependence on antiapoptotic proteins and a transcriptional rewiring inducing fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). This increase in FGFR1 was also evident in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cell lines. The combination of JQ1 and FGFR1 inhibitors was highly effective at inhibiting growth in both 2D and 3D models of ILC and IDC. Interestingly, we found in the RATHER cohort of 61 ILC patients that 20% had FGFR1 amplification and we showed that high BRD3 mRNA expression was associated with poor survival specifically in ILC.CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence that BETi either alone or in combination with FGFR1 inhibitors or BH3 mimetics may be a useful therapeutic strategy for recurrent ILC patients.
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