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1.
  • Olsen-Widén, Stephen, 1975-, et al. (author)
  • Self-Reported Tinnitus and Noise Sensitivity among Adolescents in Sweden
  • 2004
  • In: Noise & Health. - India : Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd.. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 7:25, s. 29-40
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • It seems to be a common opinion among researchers within the field of audiology that the prevalence of tinnitus will increase as a consequence of environmental factors, for example exposure to loud noise. Young people are exposed to loud sounds, more than any other age group, especially during leisure time activities, i.e. at pop concerts, discotheques and gyms. A crucial factor for the prevention of hearing impairments and hearing-related symptoms in the young population is the use of hearing protection. The focus of the present study is use of hearing protection and self-reported hearing-related symptoms, such as tinnitus and noise sensitivity in a young population of high-school students (N=1285), aged 13 to 19 years. The results show that the prevalence of permanent tinnitus and noise sensitivity, reported in the total group, was 8.7% and 17.1% respectively. Permanent tinnitus was not significantly related to level of socio-economic status, but age-related differences in the prevalence rates of experienced tinnitus and noise sensitivity were found to be significant. Older students reported such symptoms to a greater extent than younger students did. Those who reported tinnitus and other hearing-related symptoms protected their hearing to the highest extent and were the ones most worried.
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  • Granberg, Sarah, 1973-, et al. (author)
  • How to remain in working life with hearing loss : health factors for a sustainable work situation
  • 2024
  • In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Persons with hearing loss (HL) are a vulnerable group in working life. Studies have shown that they are more likely than the general population to be in part-time work, to be unemployed, receive disability pension, and to be on sick leave. Many workers with HL also experience unhealthy work conditions, such as jobs where they experience high demands combined with low control as well as safety concerns and social isolation. There is a lack of studies that focus on factors that promote a healthy, sustainable work situation for the target group.OBJECTIVE: To investigate health factors that contribute to a sustainable work situation for employees with HL.METHODS: The current study was a comparative, observational study with a cross-sectional design including a clinical population of adults with HL. Comparisons were made between workers with HL "in work" and workers with HL on "HL-related sick leave".RESULTS: Seven health factors were identified. Those "in work" experienced a healthier work environment as well as lower levels of mental strain, hearing-related work characteristics and content, cognitively demanding work content, hearing-related symptoms, energy-demanding activities, and bodily aches and pain than those on "HL-related sick leave".CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a clear pattern regarding health factors for a sustainable working life. The type of job was not related to whether an individual was on sick leave or working. Rather, the work climate and the content of the work mattered.
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3.
  • Karlsson, Elin, 1990- (author)
  • Assessment of everyday functioning for adults with hearing loss : Development of Hearing and Functioning in Everyday life Questionnaire (HFEQ)
  • 2022
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Aim: The overall aim of the current thesis was to develop a self-assessmentinstrument with a focus on everyday functioning for adults with hearingloss and to investigate its psychometric properties.Methods: Three different methods were applied in the current studies; a scoping review (Study I), two quantitative studies using two different datacollection processes (Study II and IV) and a qualitative study, including anitem-generation workshop and cognitive group interviews (Study III).Results: The scoping review (Study I) showed that the validation process ofICF Core Sets has varied between studies, including studies that used bothqualitative and quantitative methodology. Most of the validation studieshave been conducted in Western, high-income countries and have only useda single population.The validation of the Brief ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss (Study II) was conducted internationally, including four continents and both middle- and high-income countries. The results demonstrated satisfactory content validity and internal consistency. However, two ICF categories (b126 and d810) arerecommended to be specified if they are used in a future instrument. In study III HFEQ was developed by international experts in the field ofaudiology and/or ICF. The HFEQ was then validated in two studies withfocus on the content validity (Study III) and the construct validity (StudyIV). Altogether, the results showed satisfying levels of content and construct validity for the HFEQ, as well as internal consistency reliability, feasibility and comprehensibility. Minor adjustments such as rewording arerecommended in the future. The results of study II-IV strengthen the hypothesis that everyday functioning seems to be a relevant and valid phenomenon to measure within audiology. Conclusion: ICF Core sets have been validated using several methods. The Brief ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss has satisfactory validity for adults with hearing loss and is a relevant foundation for a new self-assessment instrument. The HFEQ is a valid self-assessment measure for assessing everyday functioning for adults with hearing loss.
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4.
  • Karlsson, Elin, 1990-, et al. (author)
  • Hearing and Functioning in Everyday Life Questionnaire : Development and Validation of an ICF-Based Instrument
  • 2023
  • In: Ear and Hearing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-0202 .- 1538-4667. ; 44:6, s. 1498-1506
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Self-assessment instruments are commonly used in audiological rehabilitation. However, several studies highlight the lack of multidimensionality in existing outcome measures, with the consequence that they only partially capture aspects of functioning in everyday life for people living with hearing loss. This study aimed to develop and investigate the content validity of a self-assessment instrument based on the validated Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Core Set for Hearing Loss.DESIGN: The design was a two-part instrument development study. The first part focused on the item-generation process of the instrument, named the Hearing and Functioning in Everyday Life Questionnaire (HFEQ) during an experts' workshop. The second part focused on international content validation of the instrument using group interviews. Strategic sampling was used and 30 adults with hearing loss from India, South Africa, and the United States participated in the group interviews.RESULTS: The expert's workshop resulted in the first version of the HFEQ containing 30 items. The results from group interviews show that the content of the HFEQ was considered to be valid concerning its relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility. A majority (73%) of the HFEQ items were perceived by the participants as relevant and easy to comprehend. For the remaining 27% of the items, the content was perceived to be relevant in all countries, but some terms and expressions were reported to require rewording or clearer examples. These modifications will be made in the next step of the development process.CONCLUSION: Content validation of the HFEQ demonstrates promising results, with participants perceiving the content as relevant and comprehensible. Further psychometric validation is required to investigate other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and reliability. The HFEQ has the potential to become a valuable new instrument for assessing everyday functioning in people with hearing loss in audiological rehabilitation and in research.
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8.
  • Karlsson, Elin, 1990-, et al. (author)
  • Validation of the Brief International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core set for hearing loss : an international multicentre study
  • 2021
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Routledge. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 60:6, s. 412-420
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: Hearing loss (HL) affects the everyday functioning of millions of people worldwide. The Brief International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for HL was developed to meet the complex health care needs of adults with HL. Because the brief core set for HL has not yet been validated internationally, this study aimed to investigate its validity from an international perspective. Design: A cross-sectional validation study based on data from structured interviews with adults with HL. Study sample: Participants (n = 571) from India, South Africa, Sweden and the US were included. Results: A six-factor solution explained 71% of the variance, focussing on issues related to communication, the social environment, participation in society, health care services, support, relationships and emotions (α = 0.915). Three ICF categories demonstrated low reliability - temperament and personality functions, seeing functions and school education.Conclusion: The Brief ICF core set for HL is valid for adults with HL internationally. However, to further increase its international validity, we recommend adding the categories d920 recreation and leisure and replacing d850 school education with the more inclusive block, d810-d839 education.
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9.
  • Widén, Stephen E., 1975-, et al. (author)
  • Fusk och plagiat vid högskolan
  • 2007
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Denna rapport genomfördes inom ramen för högskolepedagogisk utbildning. Studien syftade till att undersöka studenters och lärares bedömning av fusk/plagiat och sätta detta i relation till tentamensformer. Ytterligare ett syfte var att beskriva studenters och lärares åsikter om vad som är fusk och vad eventuella skillnader mellan lärares och studenters åsikter kan bero på. Studien genomfördes som en enkätstudie bland lärare och studenter. Deltagarna ombads att bedöma sex olika vinjetter ifråga om grad av fusk samt om personen i vinjetten handlade omoraliskt eller moraliskt riktigt. Resultatet visade att examinationsformer som ur pedagogisk synvinkel underlättar eget reflekterande och lärande också är de former där studenterna anser att det är lättast att fuska. Både lärare och studenter bedömde fuskvinjetterna relativt likartat, däremot skiljde de sig något ifråga om den moraliska bedömningen av vinjetterna, där lärare ansåg att vissa beteenden var mer omoraliska jämfört med studenterna. Det fanns en osäkerhet både bland studenter och lärare ifråga om var gränsen för fusk och plagiat går. En del lärare ansåg att det var svårt att bedöma något som fusk såvida inte hänsyn togs till eventuella förklaringar och förmildrande omständigheter kring enskilda fall. Om det råder en stor osäkerhet om vad som är fusk, finns det en risk att definitionen av fusk landar i enskilda personers moraliska uppfattningar som inte nödvändigtvis baseras på kunskaper om rådande regler.
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10.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Intersectional perspectives on post-school occupation among young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 60:7-8, s. 771-771
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: This study explores and analyses, from an intersectional perspective, the association between parents’ country of birth as well as their level of education and their children's type of occupation after graduating from Swedish upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities (ID).Method: This is a quantitative study based on three registers (HURPID, LSS, LISA). The analyses are based on logistic regression, interaction analysis and chi-square tests. The sample size was 12,269.Results: Children of less-educated parents tend to have paid employment and children of highly educated parents tend to participate in disability day programs. Parents’ country of birth and level of education affect the former pupils’ post-school occupation in different ways. The association between parents’ country of birth and former pupils’ occupation is modified by parents’ level of education. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of different background conditions among children graduating from upper secondary school for pupils with ID need to increase.
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11.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • New labour market - old gender roles : working life after school for young adults with intellectual disability in Sweden
  • 2014
  • In: JARID. - Chichester, West Sussex : Blackwell Publishing. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 27:4, s. 373-373
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Aim: Taking a gender perspective, this study explores and analyzes the labour market situation for 2745 gainfully employed men and women with an educational background in the Swedish upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disability (ID).Method: This quantitative register study is based on the cross-classification of a newly created register and a two additional Swedish national registers. The analyses are based on logistic regression and chi-square tests.Results: Those who are employed after upper secondary school for pupils with ID are 70.8% men and 29.2% women. Both the road to work and the situation at work differs between men and women. Small private companies are the main employers in general, and for women the public sector is also a major employer. Men and women are mainly employed in traditionally “male” and “female” occupations. Also, salary levels and additional support from the welfare system differs between the sexes and within the different educational programs.Conclusion: Traditional gender roles of the labour market are clearly manifested among the people included in the study. Questions about the gender structure of the Swedish labour market and the impact of educational background on wage labour will be discussed.
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12.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Post-school destination : A study of women and men with intellectual disabilities and the gender-segregated Swedish labor market
  • 2016
  • In: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 13:3, s. 217-226
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Knowledge about people with intellectual disability (ID) and their connections to the labor market is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the entry into and representation in the Swedish labor market for people with ID, discussed with a special focus on the gender perspective. This study included 2,745 individuals (30% women and 70% men) who graduated from Swedish upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disability (USSID) in the 2000s, and who were defined as employees in 2011. Graduation data from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed in relation to employment data from 2011 and adjusted for gender, graduation year, and educational program. Results show that men who attended a national USSID program and graduated between 2001 and 2006 were the most likely group to have a job. The authors conclude that the gender differences in the Swedish labor market are more clearly pronounced among women and men with ID in relation to employment rate, wage levels, and professions than in the general population. Education, welfare-services, and interventions specifically targeted to meet the needs of people with ID have to develop in more gender-sensitive ways.
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  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Post-school options for young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
  • 2015
  • In: Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental. - Melbourne, Australia : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2329-7018 .- 2329-7026. ; 2:2, s. 180-193
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this article is to examine life after school for young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden. It identifies a snapshot of the post-school destination in 2011 of students of Swedish Upper Secondary Schools for Pupils with Intellectual Disability (Special Secondary Schools), who graduated between 2001 and 2011. This national registry study used personal identification numbers to link data for about 12,269 former students in the Halmstad University Register on Pupils with Intellectual Disability with data about labour market participation and service provision under the Swedish disability legislation (Swedish LSS Act, 1994, the Act Concerning Support and Service for Persons With Certain Functional Impairment). Results showed that the largest proportion (47%) of former students participated in disability day programs, known as “daily activities”; 22.4% were employed, most with some type of wage subsidy; and 6.6% participated in various types of further education programs. A sizeable group (24%) were described as being “elsewhere”, not engaged in employment, education, or disability day programs. The type of post-school occupation is associated with gender, the type of educational program undertaken at secondary school, and age. The authors found a high risk of young people with intellectual disabilities falling through safety-net welfare or post-school participation provisions. Even in a country such as Sweden, which has comprehensive post-school programs, almost a quarter of young adults with intellectual disabilities were socially excluded, without education, disability day programs, or employment.
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15.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Sysselsättning för unga vuxna med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning – boendegeografiska skillnader
  • 2016
  • In: Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 0809-2052 .- 2464-3076. ; 19:3, s. 241-260
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • I länder med starkt decentraliserat ansvar för välfärdstjänster kan skillnader mellan kommuner och regioner förväntas. I artikeln studeras om, och iså fall hur, efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning bland personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning varierar beroende på i vilken kommungrupp eller geografisk region de bor. Analyserna baseras på data från ett unikt register som inkluderar 12 269 avgångselever från gymnasiesärskolan i Sverige från åren 2001–2011.Resultaten visar att kommungrupp och region har en viss oberoende effekt på typ av efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning samt att andelen flyttningar överkommungränser som företas i studiepopulationen är få.Slutsatsen är att boendegeografiska variationer, som identifierats i andra delar av det svenska välfärdssystemet, också i viss utsträckning gäller efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning.
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16.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Upper secondary school – and then? : About young adults with an educational background in the upper secondary special school and the transition to work
  • 2013
  • In: NNDR2013 – 12th Research Conference Nordic Network of Disability Research. - Turku : Finnish Society for Disability Research. ; , s. 17-17
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of this ongoing study is to identify and analyze former pupils ́ relationship to the labor market after the graduation from the Swedish upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities. The study includes 10,517 former pupils who graduated between 2001-2010 and describes the former pupils ́ relation to the labor market as it was in 2010. The study is based on the cross classification of a newly created register combined with two Swedish national registers from Statistics Sweden and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. One of the preliminary results from this study is that the assumption, presented in media as well as in previous research that the majority of the current pupils are going directly from school to the municipal or private organized daily activities do not seem to match reality. Our results indicate that 48% of the total population were in daily activities in 2010 and 20% of the total population were defined as “in paid work” during the same year and the actual picture of what the former pupils do after they have graduated from upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities is much more complex than the assumed. Analyses on the current data that are carried out at the moment will be presented at the NNDR-conference.
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17.
  • Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al. (author)
  • Upper secondary school – and then?
  • 2012
  • In: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 56:7-8, s. 709-709
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • AIM: The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge about the transition from school to working life for pupils with intellectual disabilities. In addition the purpose is to identify factors which may play a role in strengthen their position on the labor market.METHOD: The first study is quantitative and based on the cross classification of a newly created register combined with two Swedish national registers. The statistical identification highlights the situation of all students who left upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities, during the period 2001-2011. The first study includes more than 17 000 people with intellectual disabilities.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: At the time for the conference we will be able to present descriptive data for e.g. how many individuals who have passed upper secondary school between 2001-2011, how many who are in the daily activity programs and how many who have ordinary jobs outside daily activity. We will also be able to describe the situation based on factors such as differences between regions and municipalities, between the sexes, and between different upper secondary school programs, etc.
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18.
  • Badache, Andreea, 1991- (author)
  • Beyond the Years : Exploring the role of sensory functions and cognitive abilities in shaping the patterns of old age disabilities and successful aging in an aging population in Sweden and Denmark: An epidemiological perspective of disability
  • 2023
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • AIMS: This research project aims to review the lay perspectives of older adults 75 and above regarding successful aging, as well as estimate the prevalence of sensory difficulties by different subgroups, explore the role of cognition and sensory function in explaining decreasing disability trends over time in Sweden and Denmark and, lastly, longitudinally examine the sensory-cognitive relation in older adults. METHODS: For Study I, a systematic review was conducted, while for Study II the prevalence of sensory functions was estimated. For Study III, the Karlson Holm Breen method was used, whereas Study IV applied a cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS: This research indicates that younger and older adults have different definitions of successful aging, with themes of life, death, and environmental/system influences being important for those aged 75 and above (Study I). Study II shows that the prevalence of sensory difficulties in old age varies among subgroups, and Study III reveals a decreasing prevalence of disability in Sweden and Denmark, attributed to cognitive function, education, reading ability, and hearing ability. Finally, Study IV highlights a reciprocal relationship between sensory functions and cognition among older adults, with better cognitive function associated with better hearing and vision scores over time. DISCUSSION: This research underlines the need for policymakers to cater to the diverse needs of different generations based on gender differences, environmental factors, and access to healthcare and social services. Study II reveals a higher prevalence of sensory difficulties among certain subgroups, which could be targeted by specific interventions. Study III and IV indicate that preserving good sensory functions may mitigate cognitive decline, with interventions including vision and hearing aids and surgeries potentially delaying cognitive decline.
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  • Badache, Andreea C., 1991-, et al. (author)
  • Why Are Old-Age Disabilities Decreasing in Sweden and Denmark? Evidence on the Contribution of Cognition, Education, and Sensory Functions
  • 2022
  • In: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 78:3, s. 483-495
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: Improvements in educational attainment, cognitive and sensory functions, and a decline in the prevalence of disabilities have been observed in older adults in Sweden and Denmark. In the present study, it was investigated whether better cognition, higher educational attainment, and improved sensory function among older adults aged 60 and older in these countries have contributed to decreasing rates of old-age disabilities.Methods: The analyses were based on repeated cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe for the 2004-2017 period. Descriptive data were used to benchmark the declining prevalence of disabilities, improving cognitive and sensory functions, and increased educational level. The association between time and disabilities was analyzed with logistic regression models, and the contribution of the improved cognitive function, education, and sensory function to the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities was estimated using the Karlson-Holm-Breen method for mediation analysis.Results: The analysis suggests that the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities in Sweden and Denmark between 2004 and 2017 can largely be attributed to improved cognitive function and vision and to a lesser extent by education and hearing ability.Discussion: These findings raise important questions about the causal mechanisms producing the associations between cognition, education, and sensory functions and disability in older age. Future studies should explore the causal nature of the associations between these mediators and old-age disabilities. In addition, they should explore whether these findings differ across regional and cultural contexts and over different time periods.
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  • Badache, Andreea, 1991-, et al. (author)
  • Longitudinal associations between sensory and cognitive functioning in adults 60 years or older in Sweden and Denmark
  • 2024
  • In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 121
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to explore the bidirectional, longitudinal associations between self-reported sensory functions (hearing/vision) and cognitive functioning among older adults in Sweden and Denmark during the period 2004-2017.METHODS: The study is based on data from The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and consists of 3164 persons aged 60 to 93 years. Within-person associations between sensory and cognitive functions were estimated using random intercept cross-lagged panel models.RESULTS: The results indicated that cognitive and sensory functions were associated within their respective domains over time. The results on the bidirectional associations between sensory functions and cognition over time showed weak and statistically non-significant estimates.CONCLUSION: Our study showed no clear evidence for cross-lagged effects between sensory functions and cognitive functioning. Important to note, however, is that using longitudinal data to estimate change within persons is a demanding statistical test and various factors may have contributed to the absence of conclusive evidence in our study. We discuss several of these factors.
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  • Berndt, Sonja I., et al. (author)
  • Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
  • 2013
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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24.
  • Bohlin, Margareta, 1970-, et al. (author)
  • Risktagande : Hot eller utveckling?
  • 2008
  • In: Ung på 2000-talet. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789197794305 ; , s. 93-107
  • Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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  • Bohlin, Margareta, 1970-, et al. (author)
  • University teacher and student judgments on misleading behavior in study situations
  • 2016
  • Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • This study deals with teachers' and students' judgments of misleading (e.g. cheating or plagiarism) behaviors during examinations. The data was collected at a university in Sweden using a questionnaire presenting specific behaviors to bejudged. In total, 253 individuals completed the questionnaire. The teachers, incontrast to the students, tended to judge the behaviors presented as more serious. There was, however, plenty of variation in the judgments made by both teachers and students. Although the teachers, on average, tended to judge the behaviors as more serious, about 20% of the students were found to judge the behaviors as more serious than the average teacher. It was also found that about 20 % of the teachers judged the scenarios as less serious compared to the average student judgments. This indicates a lack of agreement among teachers and students on the definition of misleading behavior. Subjective opinions seem to play a more important role for judgment than having actual knowledge about the rules and regulations stating what misleading behaviors really are inacademic work.
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  • Bohlin, Margareta, 1970, et al. (author)
  • Young voices on risk taking
  • 2010
  • In: ECDP conference in Vilnius, Litauen..
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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28.
  • Boman, Tomas (author)
  • Situationen på den svenska arbetsmarknaden för personer med funktionsnedsättning : en sekundäranalys om sysselsättning, yrkesnivå, diskriminering, stöd och anpassning för personer med olika typer av funktionsnedsättning
  • 2019
  • Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how the labour market situation appears to persons with different types of disabilities in Sweden. Study I (n=4 359) examined the importance of the person’s type of disability for the possibility of having a job. Study II (n=3 396) examined whether there were differences in occupational attainment between persons with different types of disabilities and between persons with and without a disability (n=19 004). Study III (n=4 359) examined perceived discrimination in the workplace among persons with different types of disabilities. Study IV (n=2 268) examined whatsupport and adaptation persons with different types of disabilities need in their actual workplace or to enter the labour market. In studies I–III the respondents were divided into six disability types, and in study IV the respondents were divided into four disability types.Overall, it can be concluded that a person’s type of disability is of importance for the situation in the labour market, where persons with psychological disabilities encounter barriers to a greater extent than other groups, both difficulties at the present workplace and difficulties entering the labour market. Further, they were subjected to discrimination and they expressed a great need for adaptations to acquire employment and at their actual workplace. It can also be concluded that there are discriminatory mechanisms against women, who have more difficulties than men in acquiring employment, and that men, despite lower education, can more easily progress in the labour market. It is suggested that, in order to achieve inclusion and recognition, factors in the environment, such as existing support systems, need to be changed and developed, and social prejudices vis-à-vis people with disabilities must also be addressed.
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  • Båsjö, Sara, 1983-, et al. (author)
  • Hearing thresholds, tinnitus, and headphone listening habits in nine-year-old children
  • 2016
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 55:10, s. 587-596
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: Investigate hearing function and headphone listening habits in nine-year-old Swedish children. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted and included otoscopy, tympanometry, pure-tone audiometry, and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE). A questionnaire was used to evaluate headphone listening habits, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. Study sample: A total of 415 children aged nine years. Results: The prevalence of a hearing threshold20dB HL at one or several frequencies was 53%, and the hearing thresholds at 6 and 8kHz were higher than those at the low and mid frequencies. SOAEs were observed in 35% of the children, and the prevalence of tinnitus was 5.3%. No significant relationship between SOAE and tinnitus was found. Pure-tone audiometry showed poorer hearing thresholds in children with tinnitus and in children who regularly listened with headphones. Conclusion: The present study of hearing, listening habits, and tinnitus in nine-year old children is, to our knowledge, the largest study so far. The main findings were that hearing thresholds in the right ear were poorer in children who used headphones than in children not using them, which could be interpreted as headphone listening may have negative consequences to children's hearing. Children with tinnitus showed poorer hearing thresholds compared to children without tinnitus.
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30.
  • Elks, Cathy E, et al. (author)
  • Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
  • 2010
  • In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:12, s. 1077-85
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To identify loci for age at menarche, we performed a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies in 87,802 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,731 women. In addition to the known loci at LIN28B (P = 5.4 × 10⁻⁶⁰) and 9q31.2 (P = 2.2 × 10⁻³³), we identified 30 new menarche loci (all P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and found suggestive evidence for a further 10 loci (P < 1.9 × 10⁻⁶). The new loci included four previously associated with body mass index (in or near FTO, SEC16B, TRA2B and TMEM18), three in or near other genes implicated in energy homeostasis (BSX, CRTC1 and MCHR2) and three in or near genes implicated in hormonal regulation (INHBA, PCSK2 and RXRG). Ingenuity and gene-set enrichment pathway analyses identified coenzyme A and fatty acid biosynthesis as biological processes related to menarche timing.
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31.
  • Elmazoska, Iris, et al. (author)
  • Associations Between Recreational Noise Exposure and Hearing Function in Adolescents and Young Adults : A Systematic Review
  • 2024
  • In: Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 1092-4388 .- 1558-9102. ; 67:2, s. 688-710
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: There is an increasing concern regarding hazardous recreational noise exposure among adolescents and young adults. Daily exposure to loud sound levels over a long period of time can increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss. The full extent of the impact of recreational noise on hearing is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this review was to synthesize research that investigated hearing function in relation to recreational noise exposure in adolescents and young adults.METHOD: A systematic literature search of five databases covering the years 2000-2023 was performed. The articles included investigated audiological measurements of hearing function in relation to recreational noise exposure.RESULTS: Four hundred sixty records were identified, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the results. This review showed that although some recreational noise activities can be potentially harmful, there is an unclear relationship between exposure and outcome. Some findings indicated hearing threshold shifts or reduced otoacoustic emission amplitudes after recreational noise exposure, but most changes were short term and in the extended high-frequency range.CONCLUSIONS: There seemed to be inconsistencies regarding the utilization of methods of measuring exposure and outcome between studies. This might be one reason for the differing results in studies on the reported impact on hearing function from recreational noise exposure. To draw more certain conclusions about long-term effects, there is a need for longitudinal research that utilizes sound level measurements to assess low and high degrees of recreational noise exposure in relation to hearing function.SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25114193.
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32.
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33.
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34.
  • Fredriksson, Sofie, 1983, et al. (author)
  • Hearing-related symptoms and occupational noise exposure among women: An intervention study in preschool and obstetrics care
  • 2020
  • In: 13th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, Stockholm.
  • Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Recent cross-sectional studies have showed that preschool teachers and obstetrics personnel risk developing hearing-related symptoms associated with noise exposure. An ongoing cohort follow-up and intervention study will provide causal interpretations and evaluation of preventive factors. This presentation will include an overview of the project with focus on the intervention study, assessing effects on self-reported noise exposure and hearing-related symptoms. The intervention was performed at one preschool and one obstetrics care unit with two control workplaces each. A participatory approach was used, involving personnel, managers and health and safety representatives. The process followed a common structure in identifying, selecting, implementing and evaluating the interventions, whereas the interventions were tailored to each workplace. Survey data was collected at baseline and two follow-ups, and analysed using generalised estimating equation (GEE). We did not find significant positive effects of the intervention. Factors such as limited resources for implementation and other work environment deteriorations probably explain some of the negative results. Meanwhile, qualitative data indicated positive experiences of the interventions. Thus, we suggest further studies with control of implementation and other changes in the workplace.
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35.
  • Fredriksson, Sofie, 1983, et al. (author)
  • Occupational noise exposure, noise annoyance, hearing-related symptoms, and emotional exhaustion - a participatory-based intervention study in preschool and obstetrics care
  • 2023
  • In: Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1933-8244 .- 2154-4700. ; 78:7-8, s. 423-434
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A participatory-based intervention was performed in Sweden, aimed at improving the sound environment in one preschool (n=20) and one obstetric ward (n=50), with two controls each (n=28, n=66). Measured sound levels, and surveys of noise annoyance, hearing-related symptoms and emotional exhaustion were collected before, and three and nine months after the interventions, comparing intervention and control groups over time. The results of this first implementation in a limited number of workplaces showed significantly worsening of hyperacusis, sound-induced auditory fatigue, emotional exhaustion and increased sound levels in the preschool, and worsening of noise annoyance in both intervention groups. Increased risk awareness, limited implementation support and lack of psychosocial interventions may explain the worsening in outcomes, as might the worse baseline in the intervention groups. The complexity of the demands in human-service workplaces calls for further intervention studies.
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36.
  • Fredriksson, Sofie, 1983, et al. (author)
  • Qualitative studies on the experience of noise in communication-intense workplaces before and after a participatory intervention
  • 2023
  • In: 14th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, 18-22 June, Belgrade Serbia.
  • Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Personnel in communication-intense workplaces are exposed to noise, occasionally so high they risk hearing-related disorders. Still, intervention studies are few, with ambiguous results. To increase the impact and sustainability of the interventions, we used a participatory method in which personnel and managers at one preschool and one obstetrics ward were actively involved in the intervention process. To identify work environment problems to target in the intervention, we performed qualitative focus group interviews prior to the intervention among 16 personnel and managers. Four main themes emerged from the inductive thematic analysis: a challenging and harmful sound environment, the sound environment causing hearing-related symptoms and health effects, a good sound environment not being prioritised, and resourceful and motivated personnel. As the participatory intervention entailed implementation of several changes, we also performed interviews post-intervention among nine personnel and managers from the preschool and the obstetrics ward where interventions had been implemented. Five main themes emerged from the inductive thematic analysis: increased awareness of the sound environment and risks to hearing and health, increased control over the sound environment, influence of the building and interior design, other factors influencing the intervention process (concurrent work environment issues such as stress, and limited resources), and motivation to maintain the positive changes. We conclude that the personnel perceive a risk to their hearing and health and that sound environment improvements should be prioritised in communication-intense workplaces. A participatory approach may facilitate motivation and empowerment to change, but resources and support are needed for comprehensive and effective implementation.
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37.
  • Gyllensten, Kristina, 1977, et al. (author)
  • Nurses’ and preschool teachers’ experiences of taking part in a participatory intervention project in communication-intense working environments
  • 2022
  • In: WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 73:3, s. 857-869
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Abstract BACKGROUND: Noise is a common workplace problem that can affect health and performance. High sound levels have been found in sectors that largely has been overlooked in noise research such as health care and education. In these communication-intense environments the work requires speech communication, thus making it difficult to wear hearing protection. OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses’ and preschool teachers’ experiences of taking part in a participatory intervention project aiming to improve the sound environment and the psychosocial work environment. METHODS: One preschool and one obstetrics ward took part in the study, and a qualitative design was used to evaluate the experience of the participatory intervention approach. RESULTS: Five main themes were found in the analysis: Awareness; Taking control of the sound environment; Influence of the building and interior design; Circumstances influencing the intervention process; and Motivation to maintain change. CONCLUSIONS: Despite demanding working situations and lack of financial resources, preschool and obstetrics staff described being creative in planning and implementing several different solutions to improve the sound environment at their workplaces, while interventions specifically improving the psychosocial work environment were fewer. Hence, our study suggest that a participatory intervention approach may facilitate participation and motivation, but resources and support are needed for a comprehensive and effective implementation.
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38.
  • Gyllensten, Kristina, 1977, et al. (author)
  • The experience of noise in communication-intense workplaces : a qualitative study
  • 2023
  • In: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 18:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of the study was to explore and describe how workers in communication-intenseworkplaces in health care and preschools experience the sound environment. The depen-dence on vocal communication and social interaction poses a challenge using hearing pro-tection in these working environments.Method: A qualitative method was used, more specifically inductive thematic analysis was used, asthis approach was deemed suitable to explore the staff’s experiences of the sound environ-ment. Data were collected by interviews and to increase trustworthiness, several researcherswere involved in the data collection and analysis.Study sample: Workers from two preschools, one obstetrics ward and one intensive care unit took part inthe study.Results: Four main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: A challenging and harmful soundenvironment; Health-related effects of a challenging and harmful sound environment; Agood sound environment is not prioritised; and Resourceful and motivated staff.Conclusions: Workers in communication-intense workplaces in preschools, obstetrics care and intensivecare reported that there was a relationship between the sound environment and negativehealth effects. In addition, the results suggests that the high motivation for change amongstaff should be utilised together with an increased prioritization from the management toreach innovative context specific improvements to the sound environment in communicationintense working environments.
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39.
  • Hjaldahl, Jennie, 1983-, et al. (author)
  • Severe to profound hearing impairment : Factors associated with the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation
  • 2017
  • In: Hearing, Balance and Communication. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 2169-5717 .- 2169-5725. ; 15:1, s. 6-15
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To determine whether various demographic variables are associated with hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implant (CI) use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation among patients with severe to profound hearing loss (HL) and to compare the use of unilateral and bilateral HAs.Materials and Methods: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze general HA use, binaural HA use, CI use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. A total of 2297 adult patients from The Swedish Quality Register of Otorhinolaryngology with a PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) ≥70 dB HL in the better ear were included.Results: The degree of HL was associated with HA and CI use and participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. The patients with at least a college degree were more likely to use bilateral HAs, have a CI and participate in audiological rehabilitation compared to those with elementary school education. The sex distribution was evenly divided, but the men indicated a lower level of participation in extended audiological rehabilitation. No significant associations where found for sex and HA or CI use.Conclusions: The degree of HL was the strongest factor associated with the use of HAs, CI and extended audiological rehabilitation among the patients.
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40.
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41.
  • Hua, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • Cognitive skills and the effect of noise on perceived effort in employees with aided hearing impairment and normal hearing
  • 2014
  • In: Noise & Health. - Mumbai India : Medknow Publications. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 16:69, s. 79-88
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the following study was to examine the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC), executive functions (EFs) and perceived effort (PE) after completing a work-related task in quiet and in noise in employees with aided hearing impairment (HI) and normal hearing. The study sample consisted of 20 hearing-impaired and 20 normally hearing participants. Measures of hearing ability, WMC and EFs were tested prior to performing a work-related task in quiet and in simulated traffic noise. PE of the work-related task was also measured. Analysis of variance was used to analyze within-and between-group differences in cognitive skills, performance on the work-related task and PE. The presence of noise yielded a significantly higher PE for both groups. However, no significant group differences were observed in WMC, EFs, PE and performance in the work-related task. Interestingly, significant negative correlations were only found between PE in the noise condition and the ability to update information for both groups. In summary, noise generates a significantly higher PE and brings explicit processing capacity into play, irrespective of hearing. This suggest that increased PE involves other factors such as type of task that is to be performed, performance in the cognitive skill required solving the task at hand and whether noise is present. We therefore suggest that special consideration in hearing care should be made to the individual's prerequisites on these factors in the labor market.
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42.
  • Hua, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • Conceptions of working life among employees with mild-moderate aided hearing impairment : A phenomenographic study
  • 2015
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:11, s. 874-880
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim was to explore the conceptions of working life among employees with mild-moderate aided hearing impairment (HI).Design: This study has a descriptive design, in which data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed in accordance with the phenomenographic approach.Study sample: Fifteen participants with mild-moderate aided HI were recruited to the current study.Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in four main categories describing the participants’ conceptions of working life: (1) diffiiculties in daily work, (2) communication strategies, (3) facilitating factors in work environment, and (4) impact on daily life. The four identified descriptive categories show that the effects of HI on the lives of working adults generate far-reaching psychosocial consequences for the individual.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that difficulties and impact of having a HI interact with strategies used by the individual and contextual facilitators made in the work environment. We argue that there is a need for extensive services in aural rehabilitation for this population. This includes identifying the need of assistive listening devices, teaching the individual with HI about communication strategies and informing stakeholders about the consequence of having a HI.
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43.
  • Hua, Håkan, et al. (author)
  • The impact of different background noises : effects on cognitive performance and perceived disturbance in employees with aided hearing impairment and normal hearing
  • 2014
  • In: Journal of the American Academy of Audiology. - : American Academy of Audiology. - 1050-0545 .- 2157-3107. ; 25:9, s. 859-868
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Health care professionals frequently meet employees with hearing impairment (HI) who experience difficulties at work. There are indications that the majority of these difficulties might be related to the presence of background noise. Moreover, research has also shown that high-level noise has a more detrimental effect on cognitive performance and self-rated disturbance in individuals with HI than low-level noise.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of different types of background noise on cognitive performance and perceived disturbance (PD) in employees with aided HI and normal hearing.Research Design: A mixed factorial design was conducted to examine the effect of noise in four experimental conditions.Study Sample: A total of 40 participants (21 men and 19 women) were recruited to take part in the study. The study sample consisted of employees with HI (n = 20) and normal hearing (n = 20). The group with HI had a mild-moderate sensorineural HI, and they were all frequent hearing-aid users.Intervention: The current study was conducted by using four general work-related tasks (mental arithmetic, orthographic decoding, phonological decoding, and serial recall) in four different background conditions: (1) quiet, (2) office noise at 56 dBA, (3) daycare noise at 73.5 dBA, and (4) traffic noise at 72.5 dBA. Reaction time and the proportion of correct answers in the working tasks were used as outcome measures of cognitive performance. The Borg CR-10 scale was used to assess PD.Data Collection and Analysis: Data collection occurred on two separate sessions, completed within 4 wk of each other. All tasks and experimental conditions were used in a counterbalanced order. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to analyze the results. To examine interaction effects, pairwise t-tests were used. Pearson correlation coefficients between reaction time and proportion of correct answers, and cognitive performance and PD were also calculated to examine the possible correlation between the different variables.Results: No significant between-group or within-group differences in cognitive performance were observed across the four background conditions. Ratings of PD showed that both groups rated PD according to noise level, where higher noise level generated a higher PD. The present findings also demonstrated that the group with HI was more disturbed by higher than lower levels of noise (i.e., traffic and daycare setting compared with office setting). This pattern was observed consistently throughout four working tasks where the group with HI reported a significantly greater PD in the daycare and traffic settings compared with office noise.Conclusions: The present results demonstrate that background noise does not impair cognitive performance in nonauditory tasks in employees with HI and normal hearing, but that PD is affected to a greater extent in employees with HI during higher levels of background noise exposure. In addition, this study also supports previous studies regarding the detrimental effects that high-level noise has on employees with HI. Therefore, we emphasize the need of both self-rated and cognitive measurements in hearing care and occupational health services for both employees with normal hearing and HI.
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44.
  • Karlsson, Elin, 1990-, et al. (author)
  • Hearing and Functioning in Everyday Life Questionnaire : Psychometric Evaluation and Revision
  • 2024
  • In: American Journal of Audiology. - : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. - 1059-0889 .- 1558-9137.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to explore the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based original English version of the Hearing and Functioning in Everyday Life Questionnaire (HFEQ) and to revise the HFEQ based on the results.METHOD: This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The data were collected using an online survey. Adults with self-reported hearing disability (n = 513) from the United States were included. The ICF components of body functions, activity and participation, and environmental factors were tested as the underlying structure of the HFEQ using confirmatory factor analysis and then adjusted by triangulation with previous content validation.RESULTS: The results of the current study confirmed the ICF components of body functions, activity and participation, and environmental factors as underlying constructs of the HFEQ. However, after triangulation with previous content validation, fine adjustments were made. The revised version of the HFEQ includes two removed items and a fine-tuned factor structure.CONCLUSION: The results confirm that the structure of the HFEQ aligns with the ICF, and the overall results indicate that HFEQ has acceptable construct validity and internal consistency.
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45.
  • Landälv, Daniel, et al. (author)
  • Adolescents' reported hearing symptoms and attitudes toward loud music
  • 2013
  • In: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 15:66, s. 347-354
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to compare the adolescents' attitudes toward loud music in relation to a set of self-perceived auditory symptoms and psychological variables such as norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment in noisy situations. A questionnaire on hearing and preventive behavior was distributed to 281 upper secondary school students aged 15-19 years. The questionnaire included youth attitude to noise scale, questions about perceived hearing symptoms such as tinnitus and sound sensitivity and finally statements on perceived behavioral norms regarding hearing protection use, risk-taking and risk-judgment in noisy settings. Self-perceived auditory symptoms such as sound sensitivity and permanent tinnitus had a significant relationship with less tolerant attitudes toward loud music. Permanent tinnitus and sound sensitivity together accounted for 15.9% of the variation in attitudes toward loud music. Together with the psychological variables norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment 48.0% of the variation in attitudes could be explained. Although perceived hearing symptoms (sound sensitivity and permanent tinnitus) was associated with less tolerant attitudes toward loud music, psychological variables such as norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment were found to be more strongly associated with attitudes toward loud music and should therefore be considered more in future preventive work. Health promotive strategies should focus on changing not merely individual attitudes, but also societal norms and regulations in order to decrease noise induced auditory symptoms among adolescents.
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46.
  • Lundin, Elin, 1976-, et al. (author)
  • Experiences of rehabilitation services from the perspective of older adults with dual sensory loss : a qualitative study
  • 2022
  • In: International Journal of Qualitative Research on Health and Well-being.. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 17:1
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Purpose: To describe the rehabilitation service experiences of older adults with dual sensoryloss (DSL).Methods: Twenty older adults aged ≥65 years with DSL participated in semistructuredinterviews. Inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted.Results: The participants’ experiences were classified into three main categories: 1.Maintaining and regaining function included experiences regarding interventions compensat-ing for loss of function and medical corrections; 2. Mastering the situation described theindividuals’ competence of DSL, skills acquisition and taking control; and 3. Delivery ofrehabilitation services included experiences of encounters with professionals, their attitudesand the organizational impact on accessibility and collaboration.Conclusions: It was important for participants to regain function and compensate for loss infunction and to meet others in group rehabilitation. The professionals’ attitudes were animportant factor that affected the participants’ approach to rehabilitation services.Rehabilitation services mainly focused on either VL or HL, not DSL. Based on the participants’experiences, the rehabilitation services seemed to contribute to the older adults’ well-being,participation in activities and life roles, which is consistent with the WHO’s definition ofhealthy ageing. The findings can contribute to the development of rehabilitation services forolder adults with DSL to meet the diversity of these individuals’ needs.
  •  
47.
  • Lundin, Elin, 1976- (author)
  • Older Adults with Dual Sensory Loss : Prevalence, Diagnoses & Rehabilitation Services
  • 2022
  • Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Introduction: Globally, the population aged 65 years and older are predicted to double within 30 years. The risk of developing vision loss in combination with hearing loss – dual sensory loss (DSL) increases with age. DSL affects older adults within several aspects, and the main areas are communication, information, participation and orientation and mobility. Aim: The overall aim was to describe older adults with DSL regardingprevalence, diagnoses, rehabilitation and experiences with rehabilitation services in the Swedish context.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Data were collected by using register data, mainly medical records (Study I), and by individual interviews with older adults with DSL (Study II). In the first study, data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi square tests, and in the second study inductive qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Study I showed that the national prevalence of severe DSL was estimated to approximately 0.08%. The result also showed statisticallysignificant differences in prevalence of severe DSL between age groups and the prevalence of severe DSL increased with age. No statistically significant difference were found between women and men regarding prevalence. Older adults with DSL had been provided with several rehabilitation services and the focus of the services were mainly on one of the senses, not on the combination of sensory losses. Sensorineural hearing loss in combination with cataracts and age-related macular degeneration were the most common diagnoses. Study II presented older adults experiences of rehabilitation services and they described that several of the rehabilitation services were significant for them to be able to communicate, participate in social events and independently perform day-to-day activities.Conclusion: It is important that rehabilitation services provided to older adults with DSL are person-centred to promote healthy aging.
  •  
48.
  • Lundin, Elin, 1976-, et al. (author)
  • Prevalence, diagnoses and rehabilitation services related to severe dual sensory loss (DSL) in older persons : a cross-sectional study based on medical records
  • 2020
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 59:12, s. 921-929
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: To estimate the prevalence of severe dual sensory loss (DSL) among older persons (aged >= 65 years) in the Swedish population, to identify the diagnoses that cause severe DSL, and to identify rehabilitation services in which the participants have been involved.Design: A cross-sectional design was applied. Medical records from Audiological, Low Vision, and Vision clinics from two Swedish counties were used.Study sample: 1257 adults, aged >= 65 years with severe hearing loss (HL) (>= 70 dB HL) were included, whereof 101 had decimal visual acuity <= 0.3.Results: Based on the population size in the two counties (>= 65 years, n = 127,638), the prevalence of severe DSL was approximately 0.08% in the population. Within the group having DSL (n = 101), 61% were women and 71% were aged >= 85 years. Common diagnoses were cataract and/or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in combination with HL. The rehabilitation services offered were mainly hearing aids and various magnifiers.Conclusions: The study confirmed previous results, indicating that the prevalence of severe DSL increases with age and that sensorineural HL and cataract, AMD or glaucoma coexist. The identified rehabilitation services mainly focussed on either vision loss or HL but not on severe DSL as a complex health condition.
  •  
49.
  • Manchaiah, Vinaya, et al. (author)
  • Social Representation of "Loud Music" in Young Adults : A Cross-Cultural Study
  • 2017
  • In: Journal of american academy of audiology. - Reston, VA, United States : American Academy of Audiology. - 1050-0545 .- 2157-3107. ; 28:6, s. 522-533
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Exposure to recreational noise, particularly music exposure, is considered one of the biggest public health hazards of our time. Some important influencing factors such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and cross-cultural perspectives have previously been found to be associated with attitudes toward loud music and the use of hearing protection. Although culture seems to play an important role, there is relatively little known about how it influences perceptions regarding loud music exposure in young adults.Purpose: The present study was aimed to explore cross-cultural perceptions of and reactions to loud music in young adults (18-25 yr) using the theory of social representations.Research Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design.Study Sample: The study sample included young adults (n = 534) from five different countries (India, Iran, Portugal, the United States, and the United Kingdom) who were recruited using convenience sampling.Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a content analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and also x(2) analysis.Results: Fairly equal numbers of positive and negative connotations (similar to 40%) were noted in all countries. However, the x(2) analysis showed significant differences between the countries (most positive connotations were found in India and Iran, whereas the most negative connotations were found in the United Kingdom and Portugal) regarding the informants' perception of loud music. The co-occurrence analysis results generally indicate that the category "negative emotions and actions" occurred most frequently, immediately followed by the category "positive emotions and actions." The other most frequently occurring categories included "acoustics," "physical aliment," "location," and "ear and hearing problems." These six categories formed the central nodes of the social representation of loud music exposure in the global index. Although some similarities and differences were noted among the social representations toward loud music among countries, it is noteworthy that more similarities than differences were noted among countries.Conclusions: The study results suggest that "loud music" is perceived to have both positive and negative aspects within society and culture. We suggest that the health promotion strategies should focus on changing societal norms and regulations to be more effective in decreasing the noise-and/or music induced auditory symptoms among young adults.
  •  
50.
  • Manchaiah, Vinaya, et al. (author)
  • Social representation of "music" in young adults : A cross-cultural study
  • 2017
  • In: International Journal of Audiology. - Oxfordshire, United Kingdom : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 56:1, s. 24-32
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Objective: The present study was aimed to explore perceptions of and reactions to music in young adults (18-25 years) using the theory of social representations (TSR).Design: The study used a cross-sectional survey design and included participants from India, Iran, Portugal, United States, and United Kingdom. Data were analyzed using various qualitative and quantitative methods.Study sample: The study sample included 534 young adults.Results: The Chi-square analysis showed significant differences between the countries regarding the informants’ perception of music. The most positive connotations about music were found in the responses obtained from Iranian participants (82.2%), followed by Portuguese participants (80.6%), while the most negative connotations about music were found in the responses obtained from Indian participants (18.2%), followed by Iranian participants (7.3%). The participants’ responses fell into 19 main categories based on their meaning; however, not all categories were found in all five countries. The co-occurrence analysis results generally indicate that the category “positive emotions or actions” was the most frequent category occurring in all five countries.Conclusions: The results indicate that music is generally considered to bring positive emotions for people within these societies, although a small percentage of responses indicate some negative consequences of music.
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