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| 2. |
- Kaptoge, S., et al.
(author)
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World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions
- 2019
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In: Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 7:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. Methods In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol. For derivation, we included participants aged 40-80 years without a known baseline history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed up until the first myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or stroke event. We recalibrated models using age-specific and sex-specific incidences and risk factor values available from 21 global regions. For external validation, we analysed individual participant data from studies distinct from those used in model derivation. We illustrated models by analysing data on a further 123 743 individuals from surveys in 79 countries collected with the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. Findings Our risk model derivation involved 376 177 individuals from 85 cohorts, and 19 333 incident cardiovascular events recorded during 10 years of follow-up. The derived risk prediction models discriminated well in external validation cohorts (19 cohorts, 1 096 061 individuals, 25 950 cardiovascular disease events), with Harrell's C indices ranging from 0.685 (95% CI 0 . 629-0 741) to 0.833 (0 . 783-0- 882). For a given risk factor profile, we found substantial variation across global regions in the estimated 10-year predicted risk. For example, estimated cardiovascular disease risk for a 60-year-old male smoker without diabetes and with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg and total cholesterol of 5 mmol/L ranged from 11% in Andean Latin America to 30% in central Asia. When applied to data from 79 countries (mostly low-income and middle-income countries), the proportion of individuals aged 40-64 years estimated to be at greater than 20% risk ranged from less than 1% in Uganda to more than 16% in Egypt. Interpretation We have derived, calibrated, and validated new WHO risk prediction models to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions. The widespread use of these models could enhance the accuracy, practicability, and sustainability of efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nolte, I. M., et al.
(author)
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Genetic loci associated with heart rate variability and their effects on cardiac disease risk
- 2017
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reduced cardiac vagal control reflected in low heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with greater risks for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In two-stage meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for three HRV traits in up to 53,174 individuals of European ancestry, we detect 17 genome-wide significant SNPs in eight loci. HRV SNPs tag non-synonymous SNPs (in NDUFA11 and KIAA1755), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (influencing GNG11, RGS6 and NEO1), or are located in genes preferentially expressed in the sinoatrial node (GNG11, RGS6 and HCN4). Genetic risk scores account for 0.9 to 2.6% of the HRV variance. Significant genetic correlation is found for HRV with heart rate (-0.74 < r(g) < -0.55) and blood pressure (-0.35 < r(g) < -0.20). These findings provide clinically relevant biological insight into heritable variation in vagal heart rhythm regulation, with a key role for genetic variants (GNG11, RGS6) that influence G-protein heterotrimer action in GIRK-channel induced pacemaker membrane hyperpolarization.
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| 8. |
- Gregson, J., et al.
(author)
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Venous Thromboembolism
- 2019
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In: JAMA Cardiology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0965-2590 .- 2380-6583 .- 2380-6591. ; 4:2, s. 163-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE It is uncertain to what extent established cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE To estimate the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with VTE, ie, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study included individual participant data mostly from essentially population-based cohort studies from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 731728 participants; 75 cohorts; years of baseline surveys, February 1960 to June 2008; latest date of follow-up, December 2015) and the UK Biobank (421537 participants; years of baseline surveys, March 2006 to September 2010; latest date of follow-up, February 2016). Participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline were included. Data were analyzed from June 2017 to September 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher usual risk factor levels (or presence/absence). Incident fatal outcomes in ERFC (VTE, 1041; coronary heart disease [CND], 25131) and incident fatal/nonfatal outcomes in UK Biobank (VTE, 2321; CHD, 3385). Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Of the 731728 participants from the ERFC. 403 396 (55.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 51.9 (9.0) years; of the 421537 participants from the UK Biobank, 233 699 (55.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 56.4 (8.1) years. Risk factors for VTE included older age (ERFC: HR per decade, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.45-2.91; UK Biobank: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.71-1.92), current smoking (ERFC: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58; UK Biobank: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), and BMI (ERFC: HR per 1-SD higher BMI, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.50; UK Biobank: HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.32-1.41). For these factors, there were similar HRs for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in UK Biobank (except adiposity was more strongly associated with pulmonary embolism) and similar HRs for unprovoked vs provoked VTE. Apart from adiposity, these risk factors were less strongly associated with VTE than CHD. There were inconsistent associations of VTEs with diabetes and blood pressure across ERFC and UK Biobank, and there was limited ability to study lipid and inflammation markers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Older age, smoking, and adiposity were consistently associated with higher VTE risk.
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| 11. |
- Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration, et al.
(author)
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The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration: analysis of individual data on lipid, inflammatory and other markers in over 1.1 million participants in 104 prospective studies of cardiovascular diseases
- 2007
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In: Eur J Epidemiol. - 0393-2990. ; 22:12, s. 839-69
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many long-term prospective studies have reported on associations of cardiovascular diseases with circulating lipid markers and/or inflammatory markers. Studies have not, however, generally been designed to provide reliable estimates under different circumstances and to correct for within-person variability. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration has established a central database on over 1.1 million participants from 104 prospective population-based studies, in which subsets have information on lipid and inflammatory markers, other characteristics, as well as major cardiovascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on repeat measurements on relevant characteristics has been collected in approximately 340,000 participants to enable estimation of and correction for within-person variability. Re-analysis of individual data will yield up to approximately 69,000 incident fatal or nonfatal first ever major cardiovascular outcomes recorded during about 11.7 million person years at risk. The primary analyses will involve age-specific regression models in people without known baseline cardiovascular disease in relation to fatal or nonfatal first ever coronary heart disease outcomes. This initiative will characterize more precisely and in greater detail than has previously been possible the shape and strength of the age- and sex-specific associations of several lipid and inflammatory markers with incident coronary heart disease outcomes (and, secondarily, with other incident cardiovascular outcomes) under a wide range of circumstances. It will, therefore, help to determine to what extent such associations are independent from possible confounding factors and to what extent such markers (separately and in combination) provide incremental predictive value.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Danesh, John, et al.
(author)
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Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis
- 2005
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In: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 294:14, s. 1799-1809
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CONTEXT: Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION: All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS: Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS: In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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| 14. |
- Di Angelantonio, E., et al.
(author)
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Association of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity With Mortality
- 2015
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In: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 314:1, s. 52-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: The prevalence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity is increasing. OBJECTIVE: To estimate reductions in life expectancy associated with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (689,300 participants; 91 cohorts; years of baseline surveys: 1960-2007; latest mortality follow-up: April 2013; 128,843 deaths). The HRs from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration were compared with those from the UK Biobank (499,808 participants; years of baseline surveys: 2006-2010; latest mortality follow-up: November 2013; 7995 deaths). Cumulative survival was estimated by applying calculated age-specific HRs for mortality to contemporary US age-specific death rates. EXPOSURES: A history of 2 or more of the following: diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: All-cause mortality and estimated reductions in life expectancy. RESULTS: In participants in the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration without a history of diabetes, stroke, or MI at baseline (reference group), the all-cause mortality rate adjusted to the age of 60 years was 6.8 per 1000 person-years. Mortality rates per 1000 person-years were 15.6 in participants with a history of diabetes, 16.1 in those with stroke, 16.8 in those with MI, 32.0 in those with both diabetes and MI, 32.5 in those with both diabetes and stroke, 32.8 in those with both stroke and MI, and 59.5 in those with diabetes, stroke, and MI. Compared with the reference group, the HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.9 (95% CI, 1.8-2.0) in participants with a history of diabetes, 2.1 (95% CI, 2.0-2.2) in those with stroke, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9-2.2) in those with MI, 3.7 (95% CI, 3.3-4.1) in those with both diabetes and MI, 3.8 (95% CI, 3.5-4.2) in those with both diabetes and stroke, 3.5 (95% CI, 3.1-4.0) in those with both stroke and MI, and 6.9 (95% CI, 5.7-8.3) in those with diabetes, stroke, and MI. The HRs from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration were similar to those from the more recently recruited UK Biobank. The HRs were little changed after further adjustment for markers of established intermediate pathways (eg, levels of lipids and blood pressure) and lifestyle factors (eg, smoking, diet). At the age of 60 years, a history of any 2 of these conditions was associated with 12 years of reduced life expectancy and a history of all 3 of these conditions was associated with 15 years of reduced life expectancy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Mortality associated with a history of diabetes, stroke, or MI was similar for each condition. Because any combination of these conditions was associated with multiplicative mortality risk, life expectancy was substantially lower in people with multimorbidity.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Hyldegaard, S., et al.
(author)
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Precise branching ratios to unbound 12C states from 12N and 12B [beta]-decays
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 678:5, s. 459 - 464
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two complementary experimental techniques have been used to extract precise branching ratios to unbound states in 12C from 12N and 12B [beta]-decays. In the first the three [alpha]-particles emitted after [beta]-decay are measured in coincidence in separate detectors, while in the second method 12N and 12B are implanted in a detector and the summed energy of the three [alpha]-particles is measured directly. For the narrow states at 7.654 MeV (0+) and 12.71 MeV (1+) the resulting branching ratios are both smaller than previous measurements by a factor of [similar, equals]2. The experimental results are compared to no-core shell model calculations with realistic interactions from chiral perturbation theory, and inclusion of three-nucleon forces is found to give improved agreement.
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| 17. |
- Fynbo, H. O. U., et al.
(author)
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The β-decay approach for studying 12C
- 2008
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In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 111:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The β-decays of the mirror nuclei 12B and 12N both populate states in 12C and they are therefore a precious source of information about this nucleus. Due to the selection rules of β-decay only 0+, 1+ and 2+ states are populated. This allows a very clean study of unbound states just above the 3α-threshold with those spin and parities. This probe has been applied in two experiments using two complementary experimental techniques: in the first the three α-particles emitted after β-decay are measured in coincidence in separate detectors using the ISOL method, while in the second method 12B and 12N are implanted in a detector and the summed energy of the three α-particles is measured directly. Preliminary results from the two approaches are presented. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 18. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1965, et al.
(author)
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Neutron Momentum Distributions from Core Break-up Reactions of Halo Nuclei
- 1995
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In: Europhysics Letters. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 30:1, s. 19-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neutron angular distributions from violent break-up reactions of Li-11 and Be-11 have been measured at 28 MeV/u and 280 MeV/u and at 41 MeV/u and 460 MeV/u, respectively. The derived neutron momentum distributions show a narrow component in transverse momentum that is within uncertainties independent of beam energy and target charge. This component is suggested to be simply related to the momentum distribution of the loosely bound halo neutron(s) in the projectiles.
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| 19. |
- Fynbo, H. O. U., et al.
(author)
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Revised rates for the stellar triple-alpha process from measurement of C-12 nuclear resonances
- 2005
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687 .- 1476-4679. ; 433:7022, s. 136-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the centres of stars where the temperature is high enough, three alpha-particles (helium nuclei) are able to combine to form C-12 because of a resonant reaction leading to a nuclear excited state(1). (Stars with masses greater than similar to0.5 times that of the Sun will at some point in their lives have a central temperature high enough for this reaction to proceed.) Although the reaction rate is of critical significance for determining elemental abundances in the Universe(1), and for determining the size of the iron core of a star just before it goes supernova(2), it has hitherto been insufficiently determined(2). Here we report a measurement of the inverse process, where a C-12 nucleus decays to three alpha-particles. We find a dominant resonance at an energy of similar to11 MeV, but do not confirm the presence of a resonance at 9.1 MeV (ref. 3). We show that interference between two resonances has important effects on our measured spectrum. Using these data, we calculate the triple-a rate for temperatures from 10(7) K to 10(10) K and find significant deviations from the standard rates(3). Our rate below similar to5 x 10(7) K is higher than the previous standard, implying that the critical amounts of carbon that catalysed hydrogen burning in the first stars are produced twice as fast as previously believed(4). At temperatures above 10(9) K, our rate is much less, which modifies predicted nucleosynthesis in supernovae(5,6).
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| 20. |
- Hyldegaard, S., et al.
(author)
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R-matrix analysis of the beta decays of 12N and 12B
- 2010
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 81:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The β decays of 12N and 12B have been studied at KVI and JYFL to resolve the composition of the broad and interfering 0+ and 2+ strengths in the triple-α continuum. For the first time a complete treatment of 3α decay is presented including all major breakup channels. A multilevel, many-channel R-matrix formalism has been developed for the complete description of the breakup in combination with the recently published separate analysis of angular correlations. We find that, in addition to the Hoyle state at 7.65 MeV, more than one 0+ and 2+ state is needed to reproduce the spectra. Broad 03+ and 22+ states are found between 10.5 and 12 MeV in this work. The presence of β strength up to the 12N Q-value window suggests the presence of additional 0+ and 2+ components in the 12C structure at energies above 12.7 MeV.
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| 21. |
- Jeppesen, H., et al.
(author)
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News on beta delayed particle emission from 14Be
- 2002
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In: Progress of Theoretical Physics. - 0033-068X. ; :146 SUPPL., s. 520-524
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Beta delayed charged particles from 14Be have been measured and give an upper limit on beta delayed alpha particles of B(βα)<6.7×10-5 and a tentative branching ratio on beta delayed tritons of 7.5×10-5
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| 22. |
- Wormser, David, et al.
(author)
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Adult height and the risk of cause-specific death and vascular morbidity in 1 million people : individual participant meta-analysis
- 2012
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In: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 41:5, s. 1419-1433
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThe extent to which adult height, a biomarker of the interplay of genetic endowment and early-life experiences, is related to risk of chronic diseases in adulthood is uncertain.MethodsWe calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for height, assessed in increments of 6.5 cm, using individual-participant data on 174 374 deaths or major non-fatal vascular outcomes recorded among 1 085 949 people in 121 prospective studies.ResultsFor people born between 1900 and 1960, mean adult height increased 0.5-1 cm with each successive decade of birth. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking and year of birth, HRs per 6.5 cm greater height were 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.96-0.99) for death from any cause, 0.94 (0.93-0.96) for death from vascular causes, 1.04 (1.03-1.06) for death from cancer and 0.92 (0.90-0.94) for death from other causes. Height was negatively associated with death from coronary disease, stroke subtypes, heart failure, stomach and oral cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mental disorders, liver disease and external causes. In contrast, height was positively associated with death from ruptured aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, melanoma and cancers of the pancreas, endocrine and nervous systems, ovary, breast, prostate, colorectum, blood and lung. HRs per 6.5 cm greater height ranged from 1.26 (1.12-1.42) for risk of melanoma death to 0.84 (0.80-0.89) for risk of death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. HRs were not appreciably altered after further adjustment for adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, inflammation biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption or socio-economic indicators.ConclusionAdult height has directionally opposing relationships with risk of death from several different major causes of chronic diseases.
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| 23. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(author)
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Asymmetry in the super-allowed beta-transitions of the A=9 isobars
- 2004
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 738:1-4 SUPPL., s. 206-210
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report here on the recent beta-decay studies of the A = 9 isobar made at ISOLDE/CERN. Mirror beta transitions in the A=9 chain are compared and a large asymmetry factor is deduced for the transitions to high excitation energy in Be-9 (11.8 MeV) and B-9 (12.2 MeV) fed in the beta-decay of Li-9 and C-9 respectively. It is shown that the asymmetry is not due to experimental problems or differences in the mechanisms of breakup or in the spin of the states. Only differences in the partial decay branches of the breakup channels have been found. As no asymmetry is found in the gs to gs transition it must be due to the particular structure of these excited states.
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| 24. |
- Diget, C. A., et al.
(author)
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Breakup channels for C-12 triple-alpha continuum states
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 80:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The triple-alpha-particle breakup of states in the triple-alpha continuum of C-12 has been investigated by way of coincident detection of all three alpha particles of the breakup. The states have been fed in the beta decay of N-12 and B-12, and the alpha particles measured using a setup that covers all of the triple-alpha phase space. Contributions from the breakup through the Be-8(0(+)) ground state as well as other channels-interpreted as breakup through excited energies in Be-8-have been identified. Spins and parities of C-12 triple-alpha continuum states are deduced from the measured phase-space distributions for breakup through Be-8 above the ground state by comparison to a fully symmetrized sequential R-matrix description of the breakup. At around 10 MeV in C-12, the breakup is found to be dominated by 0(+) strength breaking up through the ghost of the Be-8(0(+)) ground state with L = 0 angular momentum between the first emitted alpha particle and the intermediate Be-8 nucleus. For C-12 energies above the 12.7 MeV 1(+) state, however, L = 2 breakup of a C-12 2(+) state through the Be-8(2(+)) excited state dominates. Furthermore, the possibility of a 2(+) excited state in the 9-12 MeV region of C-12 is investigated.
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| 25. |
- Diget, C. A., et al.
(author)
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Properties of the C-12 10 MeV state determined through beta-decay
- 2005
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 760:1-2, s. 3-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The beta-delayed triple-alpha particle decay of B-12 has been measured with a setup that favours coincidence detection. A broad state in C-12, previously reported around 10 MeV, has been seen and its properties determined through R-matrix analysis of the excitation spectrum. The spin and parity are 0(+). Interference between this state and the Hoyle state at 7.654 MeV has a marked influence on the spectrum. The coupling between the two states makes it difficult to determine the resonance energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Fynbo, H. O. U., et al.
(author)
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News on C-12 from beta-decay studies
- 2004
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 738, s. 59-65
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We discuss the importance of the spectroscopic properties of the resonances of C-12 just above the 3alpha-threshold, and review the existing experimental information of this region with emphasis on 0(+) and 2(+) states. A new experimental approach for studying the beta-decays of B-12 and N-12 is presented based on techniques developed in the context of Radioactive beam (rare isotope) physics. Finally preliminary results from an ongoing analysis of two recent experiments are given.
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| 27. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Effect of metoprolol on chest pain in acute myocardial
- 1984
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In: British Heart Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0007-0769. ; 51:4, s. 438-444
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A total of 1395 patients aged 40 to 74 years were included in a double blind trial with the beta 1 selective blocker metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Metoprolol was given intravenously (15 mg) as soon as possible after admission to hospital followed by 200 mg daily for three months. A placebo was given in the same manner. The severity of chest pain in the acute phase was calculated by recording the number of injections of analgesics given and the time from the start of blind treatment to the time when the last analgesic was given (duration of pain). The patients receiving metoprolol were given a lower mean number of injections of analgesics during the first four days and after randomisation than those receiving a placebo. The estimated duration of pain was shorter in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group. These effects were related to the initial heart rate, the initial systolic blood pressure, and the final site of the infarct as determined electrocardiographically. Thus metoprolol given in the acute phase of suspected or definite myocardial infarction appears to reduce the severity of chest pain.
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| 28. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Göteborg Metoprolol Trial : mortality and causes of death
- 1984
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In: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 53:13, s. 9-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the 3-month blind treatment period there were 40 deaths in the metoprolol group compared with 62 deaths in the placebo group (p = 0.024). During the first year (after 3 months the 2 groups were treated similarly) there were 64 deaths in the metoprolol group vs 93 in the placebo group (p = 0.017) and during 2 years 92 patients died in the metoprolol group vs 120 in the placebo group (p = 0.043). The relative incidence of different causes of death did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups, indicating that metoprolol reduced all causes of death to the same extent as its effect on overall mortality.
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| 29. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Göteborg Metoprolol Trial : design, patient characteristics and conduct
- 1984
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In: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 53:13, s. 3D-8D
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Göteborg Metoprolol Trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified trial aimed at evaluating the effect of the beta 1-selective blocker, metoprolol, in suspected acute myocardial infarction and during 2 years of follow-up. The primary end-point was 3-month mortality (blind treatment period). Secondary end-points were 2-year mortality, indirect signs of infarct size, chest pain, arrhythmias and tolerability. The entry criteria were fulfilled in 2,802 patients, 1,395 of whom were included in the trial. Treatment started as soon as possible after arrival in hospital with intravenous administration followed by oral treatment for 3 months. All patients were randomized 48 hours or less after estimated onset of infarction and 69% were randomized at 12 hours or less. The blind treatment had to be withdrawn in 19% of all randomized patients before the end of the 3-month follow-up.
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| 30. |
- Hyldegaard, S., et al.
(author)
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Branching ratios in the beta decays of N-12 and B-12
- 2009
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In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 80:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Absolute branching ratios to unbound states in C-12 populated in the beta decays of N-12 and B-12 are reported. Clean sources of N-12 and B-12 were obtained using the isotope separation on-line (ISOL) method. The relative branching ratios to the different populated states were extracted using single-alpha as well as complete kinematics triple-alpha spectra. These two largely independent methods give consistent results. Absolute normalization is achieved via the precisely known absolute branching ratio to the bound 4.44 MeV state in C-12. The extracted branching ratios to the unbound states are a factor of three more precise than previous measurements. Branching ratios in the decay of Na-20 are also extracted and used to check the results.
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| 31. |
- Kaptoge, S., et al.
(author)
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C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction
- 2012
-
In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:14, s. 1310-1320
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background There is debate about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of first cardiovascular events. Methods We analyzed data from 52 prospective studies that included 246,669 participants without a history of cardiovascular disease to investigate the value of adding CRP or fibrinogen levels to conventional risk factors for the prediction of cardiovascular risk. We calculated measures of discrimination and reclassification during follow-up and modeled the clinical implications of initiation of statin therapy after the assessment of CRP or fibrinogen. Results The addition of information on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a prognostic model for cardiovascular disease that included age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol level increased the C-index, a measure of risk discrimination, by 0.0050. The further addition to this model of information on CRP or fibrinogen increased the C-index by 0.0039 and 0.0027, respectively (P < 0.001), and yielded a net reclassification improvement of 1.52% and 0.83%, respectively, for the predicted 10-year risk categories of "low" (< 10%), " intermediate" (10% to < 20%), and "high" (>= 20%) (P < 0.02 for both comparisons). We estimated that among 100,000 adults 40 years of age or older, 15,025 persons would initially be classified as being at intermediate risk for a cardiovascular event if conventional risk factors alone were used to calculate risk. Assuming that statin therapy would be initiated in accordance with Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines (i.e., for persons with a predicted risk of >= 20% and for those with certain other risk factors, such as diabetes, irrespective of their 10-year predicted risk), additional targeted assessment of CRP or fibrinogen levels in the 13,199 remaining participants at intermediate risk could help prevent approximately 30 additional cardiovascular events over the course of 10 years. Conclusions In a study of people without known cardiovascular disease, we estimated that under current treatment guidelines, assessment of the CRP or fibrinogen level in people at intermediate risk for a cardiovascular event could help prevent one additional event over a period of 10 years for every 400 to 500 people screened. (Funded by the British Heart Foundation and others.)
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| 32. |
- Madurga, M., et al.
(author)
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Study of β-delayed charged particle emission of 11Li: Evidence of new decay channels
- 2008
-
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 111:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The break-up of the 18.2 MeV state in 11Be was studied in a 11Li β-decay experiment. We report here on the study of the dominating breakup channels involving na6He or 3n2α in the final state, with special emphasis dedicated in this contribution to the three-particle channel. The two emitted charged particles were detected in coincidence using a highly segmented experimental set-up. The observed experimental energy-vs-energy scatter plot indicates a sequential breakup where nuclei of mass 4, alpha particles, and mass 7, 7He, are involved. A Monte-Carlo simulation of the sequential channel, 11Be* → α + 7He → nα6He was performed and compared to the experimental data and to a simulation of the direct break-up of the 18.2 MeV state nα6He by phase space energy distribution. The energy-versus-energy plot are explained by the sequential simulation but not by the phase space simulation.
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| 33. |
- Prezado, Y., et al.
(author)
-
Large asymmetry in the strongest beta-transition for A=9
- 2003
-
In: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 576:1-2, s. 55-61
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new measurement of the beta-decay of Li-9 has clarified the feeding to the highest accessible states in Be-9. It is found that the P-decay mainly populates the 11.8 MeV state, whose spin is determined as 5/2(-). The extracted B-GT value of 5.3(0.9) is a factor 4.4(1.0) larger than that of the mirror transition from C-9. A theoretical explanation of such a pronounced beta-decay asymmetry is presently lacking. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
- Anne, R., et al.
(author)
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Dissociation Reactions of the Be-11 One-Neutron Halo - the Interplay between Structure and Reaction-Mechanism
- 1993
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In: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 304:1-2, s. 55-59
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The angular distributions of the forward neutrons in the exclusive (Be-10 + n) channel have been measured. They can be accounted for quantitatively and without free parameters in terms of Coulomb and diffraction dissociation. The results show that the transverse momentum distributions result from an interplay between the tail of the wave function (the halo) and the reaction mechanism.
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| 35. |
- Anne, R., et al.
(author)
-
Exclusive and Restricted-Inclusive Reactions Involving the Be-11 One-Neutron Halo
- 1994
-
In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 575:1, s. 125-154
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reactions of a 41 MeV/u beam of the radioactive halo nucleus Be-11 have been studied with a counter telescope coupled to an array of neutron detectors covering angles up to 97-degrees. The technique allows to determine single-neutron inclusive and exclusive angular distributions. The targets (Be, Ti and Au) were chosen to illustrate the relative roles played by nuclear and Coulomb mechanisms. The channels leading to Be-10, the dissociation channels, correspond to impact parameters larger than the sum of the radii of the target and the Be-10 core. It is shown that for the dissociation process it is possible to account almost quantitatively for the integral, single- and double-differential cross sections from models without free parameters including the Coulomb, Serber and Glauber (diffraction-dissociation) mechanisms. The neutron distributions from the nondissociative reaction channels show little individuality and it is convenient to group them together as the channel ''neutron plus anything different from Be-10''. We refer to these as ''restricted-inclusive'' reactions. These seem to be a promising tool for obtaining accurate information on the halo wave function in momentum coordinates.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bergmann, U. C., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of decay data from neutron-rich nuclei
- 2001
-
In: European Physical Journal A. - 1434-601X .- 1434-6001. ; 11:3, s. 279-284
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The beta -decays of the neutron-rich nuclei Be-12 and Ne-29 have been studied. The statistical correlations between the almost identical half-lives of Be-12 and its daughter B-12 are analysed for a large sample of Be-12 decay data. Stringent mutual bounds are obtained on the parameter set, leading to a precise determination of the Be-12 half-life of 21.50 +/- 0.04 ms. From a simultaneous detection of beta -particles and neutrons from the decay of Ne-29 the neutron emission probability, P-n, is determined to 17 +/- 5%. No indication of two-neutron emission is seen from this nucleus. An upper limit of 2.2% (90% confidence level) is established for P-2n.
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| 38. |
- Bergmann, U. C., et al.
(author)
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On the beta-decay of C-9
- 2001
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 692:3-4, s. 427-450
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In beta -decay experiments on C-9 at CERN/ISOLDE the beta -strength was determined to the ground state, the 12.2 MeV excited state and the Isobaric Analog State (IAS) at 14.655 MeV in B-9. A large beta -strength asymmetry is deduced for the mirror transitions of C-9 and Li-9 to states around 12 MeV excitation energy. A satisfactory description of the three-body decay from a narrow energy region around the 12.2 MeV resonance is obtained within a sequential model involving the ground and first-excited states of Li-5 and Be-8. From the study of angular correlations the spin of the 12.2 MeV state is determined as 5/2(-). For the first time the population of the IAS is observed in beta -decay and new information on the decay of this state is obtained. The advantages of a closely packed. highly segmented detector setup are demonstrated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(author)
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Beta-delayed multiparticle emission studies at ISOL-type facilities
- 2004
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In: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 746, s. 243-243
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report here on the recent beta-decay studies made at ISOL-type Facilities to determine the multiparticle breakup mechanism of excited states in light nuclei by studying them in full kinematics. In particular the results obtained for the A = 9 isobars and the breakup of the 12.7 MeV state in C-12 of unnatural parity are discussed. The breakup of the latter has been debated since more than a decade. Mirror beta transitions in the A = 9 chain are compared and a large asymmetry factor is deduced for the transitions to high excitation energy in Be-9 (11.8 MeV) and B-9 (12.2 MeV) fed in the beta-decay of Li-9 and C-9 respectively. It is shown that the asymmetry is not due to experimental problems or differences in the mechanisms of breakup or in the spin of the states. As no asymmetry is found in the gs to gs transition it must be due to the particular structure of these excited states. The controversy on the breakup mechanism of the 12.7 MeV state is resolved.
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| 40. |
- Hagman, A., et al.
(author)
-
Obstetric Outcomes in Women With Turner Karyotype EDITORIAL COMMENT
- 2012
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In: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. - 0029-7828. ; 67:4, s. 228-229
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is concern over the high risk of cardiovascular complications, hypertensive disorders, and other adverse obstetric outcomes among pregnant women with Turner syndrome (TS). A diagnosis of TS is made in some women late in life or not at all. Spontaneous pregnancies are rare in women with TS and are associated with a high rate of complications, especially miscarriage. The use of assisted reproductive techniques is an option for these women; pregnancy and implantation rates after oocyte donation in women with TS seem to be comparable with those without TS who need this treatment. Few data are available on obstetric outcome in pregnant women with TS. The aim of this retrospective population-based cohort study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes among singleton pregnancies of women with and without TS. Data on births occurring between 1973 and 2007 from the Swedish Genetic Turner Register and the Swedish Medical Birth Register were cross-linked. Obstetric outcome in infants born to women with TS was compared with a reference group of 56,000 women from the general population. Mean gestational age and birth weight were adjusted for maternal age. Outcome in TS women with twins was described separately. A total of 115 women with TS gave birth to 208 children (202 singletons and 3 sets of twins) during the study period. The TS diagnosis was unknown in 52% of the women before the first delivery. Women in the TS group were older at the first delivery than women in the reference group; median age was 30 years and 26 years, respectively (P < 0.0001). There was a trend toward more women with TS having preeclampsia during their first pregnancy (6.3 vs. 3.0%; P = 0.07). One woman suffered from an aortic dissection during her second spontaneous pregnancy. Compared with the reference group, the median gestational age was shorter in children in the TS group (-6.4 days, P = 0.0067), and median birth weight was lower (-208 g, P = 0.001); however, no significant difference was found in median standard deviation scores for weight and length at birth. The rate of cesarean delivery was higher in the TS group than in the reference group (35.6% vs. 11.8%, respectively, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in birth defects between groups. These findings show that women with a TS karyotype have mostly favorable obstetric outcomes. Singletons of women with TS have a shorter gestational age but a similar size at birth. The data also show no difference in birth defects between women with and without TS.
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| 41. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Development of congestive heart failure after treatment with metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction
- 1984
-
In: British Heart Journal. - : BMJ Group. - 0007-0769. ; 51:5, s. 539-544
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a double blind study of metoprolol in the treatment of suspected acute myocardial infarction 698 patients (study group) received metoprolol and 697 a placebo (control group). Metoprolol was given in an intravenous dose of 15 mg as soon as possible after admission to hospital followed by 50 g by mouth four times a day for two days and thereafter 100 mg twice a day for three months. A placebo was similarly given. Congestive heart failure occurred in a similar percentage of patients in both the study (27%) and the control groups (30%). Its severity was estimated by calculating the total dose of frusemide given during the first four days in hospital. Less frusemide was given to patients treated with metoprolol compared with those given a placebo in the total series. An appreciably lower total dose of frusemide was given to patients included in the trial less than or equal to 12 hours after the onset of pain and treated with metoprolol compared with a placebo, while no difference was seen among patients treated later. The initial heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and infarct site affected the results.
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| 42. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of metoprolol on indirect signs of the size and severity of acute myocardial infarction
- 1983
-
In: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 51:8, s. 1282-1288
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a double-blind randomized trial, 1,395 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated to evaluate the possibility of limiting indirect signs of the size and severity of acute MI with the beta1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol. Metoprolol (15 mg) was given intravenously and followed by oral administration for 3 months (200 mg daily). Placebo was given in the same way. The size of the MI was estimated by heat-stable lactate dehydrogenase (LD[EC 1.1.1.27]) analyses and precordial electrocardiographic mapping. Lower maximal enzyme activities compared with placebo were seen in the metoprolol group (11.1 ± 0.5 μkat · liter−1)when the patient was treated within 12 hours of the onset of pain (13.3 ± 0.6 μkat · liter−1; n = 936; p = 0.009). When treatment was started later than 12 hours, no difference was found between the 2 groups. Enzyme analyses were performed in all but 20 patients (n = 1,375). Precordial mapping with 24 chest electrodes was performed in patients with anterior wall MI. The final total R-wave amplitude was higher and the final total Q-wave amplitude lower in the metoprolol group than in the placebo group. Patients treated with metoprolol ≤12 hours also showed a decreased need for furosemide, a shortened hospital stay, and a significantly reduced 1-year mortality compared with the placebo group, whereas no difference was observed among patients treated later on. After 3 months, however, there was a similar reduction in mortality among patients in whom therapy was started 12 hours and >12 hours after the onset of pain. The results support the hypothesis that intravenous metoprolol followed by oral treatment early in the course of suspected myocardial infarction can limit infarct size and improve longterm prognosis.
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| 43. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Effects of work and acute beta-receptor blockade on myocardial noradrenaline release in congestive cardiomyopathy
- 1979
-
In: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 2:6, s. 424-430
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systemic hemodynamic changes and noradrenaline concentrations in coronary sinus blood were studied at rest and during work before and after acute beta-receptor blockade. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were compared to patients with primary valvular diseases and to healthy subjects. Noradrenaline concentrations were higher in coronary sinus blood than in arterial blood and increased after beta blockade and during work. Noradrenaline concentrations were more increased in patients with more pronounced myocardial failure and did not seem to separate patients with congestive cardiomyopathy from those with valvular disease. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed a good hemodynamic tolerance toward acute beta blockade.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Göteborg Metoprolol Trial : tolerance
- 1984
-
In: American Journal of Cardiology. - : Excerpta Medica, Inc.. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 53:13, s. 46D-50D
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During a 3-month follow-up, 131 patients (19.1%) withdrew from blind treatment in both metoprolol- and placebo-treated groups. More metoprolol-treated than placebo-treated patients withdrew because of cardiovascular adverse experience mainly during the very early phase. In all, 45 (6.5%) metoprolol-treated vs 14 (2.0%) placebo-treated patients were not given either a full intravenous dose or a full oral dose 15 minutes later. Bradycardia and hypotension were more common in the metoprolol group, whereas severe atrioventricular block did occur in a similar number of patients in both groups and severe congestive heart failure was more common in the placebo group. Results indicate that tolerance is generally good after intravenous and oral treatment with metoprolol in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction.
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| 46. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Tolerans för betablockad hos äldre
- 1982
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In: Hypertoni hos äldre. - : Almqvist & Wiksell. ; , s. 101-105
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 47. |
- Hjalmarson, A, et al.
(author)
-
The Göteborg metoprolol trial. Effects on mortality and morbidity in acute myocardial infarction
- 1983
-
In: Circulation. - : SRDS. - 1539-3011. ; 67:suppl 1, s. 68-69
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the Göteborg Metoprolol Trial, 1395 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were, on admission, randomly allocated to double-blind treatment, 697 to placebo and 698 to metoprolol (15 mg i.v. + 200 mg/day) for 90 days. During this period, there were 62 deaths in the placebo group (8.9%) and 40 in the metoprolol group (5.7%), a mortality reduction of 36% (p less than 0.03). This effect persisted regardless of age, previous infarction or previous chronic beta blockade. All deaths were classified as cardiovascular. After 3 months, all patients were recommended open treatment with metoprolol, and the difference in mortality between the two groups was maintained after 1 year. Early institution of metoprolol (within 12 hours) influenced infarct development during the first 3 days (infarct diagnosis and indirect measures of infarct size). Metoprolol also reduced the incidence on fatal and nonfatal infarction during the next 4-90 days by 35%. Furthermore, fewer episodes of ventricular fibrillation were recorded in the metoprolol than in the placebo group (six vs 17 patients). The tolerance was judged to be very good. The same percentage of patients (19%) was withdrawn from the blind treatment in the two groups. Fewer patients in the metoprolol group used lidocaine, furosemide and analgesics. We conclude that metoprolol therapy instituted on admission in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction reduced 3-month mortality and exerted beneficial clinical effects.
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| 48. |
- Hjalmarson, Å, et al.
(author)
-
Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction
- 1981
-
In: The Lancet. - : The Lancet Publishing Group. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 318:8251, s. 823-827
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of metoprolol on mortality was compared with that of placebo in a double-blind randomised trial in patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction. Treatment with metoprolol or placebo started as soon as possible after the patient's arrival in hospital and was continued for 90 days. Metoprolol was given as a 15 mg intravenous dose followed by oral administration of 100 mg twice daily. 1395 patients (697 on placebo and 698 on metoprolol) were included in the trial. Definite acute myocardial infarction developed in 809 and probable infarction in 162. Patients were allocated to various risk groups and within each group patients were randomly assigned to treatment with metoprolol or placebo. There were 62 deaths in the placebo group (8·9%) and 40 deaths in the metoprolol group (5·7%), a reduction of 36% (p<0·03). Mortality rates are given according to the treatment group to which the patients were initially randomly allocated.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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