| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Municipal woodland in Denmark: resources, governance and management
- 2013
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 28, s. 49-63
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban woodlands are the subject of complex decision-making that requires a strategic overview of the resource. This article contributes a national study of municipal woodland in Denmark. Data were collected among all Danish municipalities through a postal survey (with a response rate of 52%). As much as 83% of the woodland units were located within urban settlements or at their fringe, emphasising that municipalities are important urban woodland providers. Municipal woodland resources were typically divided into many separate units of varying size. On average, the responding municipalities owned 12.6 woodland units with an allocated area of 265 ha, resulting in a mean size of 21.5 ha. A general lack of management plans, and a significant drop in recreational facilities provided with decreasing woodland size indicate that the recreational use potential of small woodland units was largely overlooked. Municipal woodland units frequently bordered other woodland or nature areas of different ownership. Thus even small municipal woodlands can play a key role in the development of multifunctional green infrastructures in the urban landscape. Only municipalities with extensive woodland property had issued a woodland policy, and/or certified woodland management. This indicates a need for development of governance and strategic management instruments attractive to municipalities with limited woodland property.
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| 3. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Spatial configurations of urban forest in different landscape and socio-political contexts: identifying patterns for green infrastructure planning
- 2017
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In: Urban Ecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1083-8155 .- 1573-1642. ; 20, s. 379-392
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Rapid urbanisation and climate change have motivated the development of urban green infrastructure (UGI) as a planning strategy to support the wellbeing of urban people and ecosystems while parallel adapting cities to climate change. Forest (tree-covered areas >0.5 ha) is a key UGI component that afford a wider range of ecosystem services and mitigate urban heat islands more effectively than non-wooded green spaces. However, understanding of spatial configurations (variation in patch size and frequency) of forests across the gradient of urbanisation and between cities is limited to case studies. This represents a considerable knowledge gap for identification of general patterns that can inform integration of forest resources in UGI planning that have value beyond the individual city level. In this study we used Geographic Information Systems to explore the spatial configuration of forests across cities located within landscapes characterised by different levels of anthropogenic modification (degree of forest cover) and socio-political contexts, i.e. all Danish and Swedish cities >10,000 inhabitants (n = 176). We applied general linear modelling to investigate the relationship between forest cover, patch size and frequency with 1) regional landscape type, 2) demographic trends 1960-2010, and 3) the gradient of urbanisation (measured in three zones: urban core (0.2 km from city boundary), urban fringe (0.2-2 km), and urban periphery (2-5 km)). Regardless of demographic trends, forest cover was lowest in cities settled in large-scale agricultural regions, higher in regions with mosaics of forest and farming, and highest in forest-dominated regions. However, in all cities forest cover was lowest in the urban zone and peaked on the urban fringe rather than on the urban periphery. Furthermore, pocket woods (0.5-2 ha) accounted for over 50 % of patches in all three urban zones, irrespective of regional landscape type. We conclude by discussing how these general patterns could inform strategies for integration of urban forests in UGI planning.
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| 4. |
- Fors, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Personal and environmental drivers of resident participation in urban public woodland management - A longitudinal study
- 2019
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In: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046 .- 1872-6062. ; 186, s. 79-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Woodlands are a core component of urban green infrastructure in terms of both ecosystem service provision and areal cover, with particular relevance and potential for engaging citizens in co-management approaches. Despite widespread agreement on the importance of user participation, there is still a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the underlying drivers. Extending existing knowledge is important for efforts by local authorities to facilitate and sustain participation. The present longitudinal mixed-method study investigated residents' drivers for participating in the management of urban woodland bordering their gardens in a so-called co-management zone in the Danish residential area Sletten, Holstebro. Repeated field surveys of physical signs of participation were combined with a field survey of woodland vegetation characteristics and demographic data on residents. Mixed generalised linear modelling was performed to identify the dominant personal, physical environmental and social environmental variables explaining level of resident participation. The statistical analysis was complemented by interviews with residents. Both personal and environmental drivers explained participation. Interest in gardening, stand height and residents inspiring their neighbours helped explain participation in 2010, while increase in participation between 2010 and 2015 was supported by forest edge type and length of residence. Thus, a stronger focus on the temporal dimension is recommended for future studies. Green space managers wanting to facilitate co-management can encourage participation by identifying people interested in gardening who inspire others, combined with strategic woodland vegetation design and management aimed at increasing visual and physical accessibility, i.e. establishing one-step and semi-open forest edges and sufficient tree height.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(author)
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Perceived personal safety in relation to urban woodland vegetation - A review
- 2013
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 12, s. 127-133
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban woodland vegetation provides people with many aesthetic, ecological and psychological benefits, but can also generate problems concerning people's perception of safety. This paper reviews existing knowledge about perceived personal safety in relation to vegetation, particularly woodland vegetation, in urban green spaces such as parks and residential areas. Individual and social factors, but also vegetation character, maintenance and design, proved to be important for perceived personal safety. Vegetation-related aspects identified as being of particular importance include landscape design, possibilities for overview and control, vegetation density, and vegetation character and maintenance. Vegetation of an open character with low density undergrowth might have positive effects on perceived personal safety without reducing other benefits. Issues for future research include context-based studies to consider several aspects of vegetation and their interactions. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Levinsson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Using stomatal conductance capacity during water stress as a tool for tree species selection for urban stormwater control systems
- 2024
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In: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 91
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Improving our understanding of how different tree species function in urban stormwater management systems is important, as tree pits may provide a temporary reservoir for stormwater and as trees have the potential to actively reduce stormwater runoff by transpiration. While urban tree planting pits are increasingly used for shortterm water storage during stormwater runoff events, this storage can have negative effects on both tree vitality and water removal capacity, since stress from waterlogging result in stomatal closure. However, sensitivity to water stress varies by species. It is therefore important to determine which tree species can maintain long-term vitality and continued transpiration even under water stress, and thus are suitable for such locations. Here, we studied how nine different tree species, varying in expected tolerance to water stress, were affected by short-term and seasonal waterlogging, in a greenhouse experiment. The seedlings (Magnolia x loebneri, Tilia tomentosa, and Sorbus torminalis - low water logging tolerance; Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Rhamnus cathartica, and Fraxinus ornus - medium water logging tolerance; Quercus palustris, Acer saccharinum, and Fraxinus pennsylvanica - high water logging tolerance) were exposed to two days, five days and seasonal waterlogging. The treatments reflected best practice (optimal), suboptimal and total lack of tree pit drainage, using Swedish standards. Stomatal conductance and leaf water potential were determined regularly over a period of 71 days, and morphological adjustments were registered. Four of the species were affected already after two days of waterlogging, with reduced stomatal conductance either during the waterlogging or immediately after, and only the most waterlogging tolerant species were unaffected by the five-day treatment. However, all plants survived waterlogging for almost 30 days before the estimated permanent wilting was reached in some plants. We suggest that tree species selection for stormwater management systems should consider the species' capacity to maintain high stomatal conductance during waterlogging, as there were clear differences between species. The effectiveness of the selected species could have an important impact on the stormwater management capacity of cities, as well as on other aspects of ecosystem service delivery from urban trees.
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| 14. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection : an update of Swedish recommendations
- 2008
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:6-7, s. 436-450
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The main goal for treatment of chronic hepatitis B is to prevent complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge from population studies of the long-term risk of chronic HBV infection, as well as the recent introduction of pegylated interferon and additional nucleoside analogues has changed the therapeutic situation. Recently, a Swedish expert panel convened to update the national recommendations for treatment. The panel recommends treatment for patients with active HBV infection causing protracted liver inflammation or significant liver fibrosis, verified by liver histology. In general, pegylated interferon alpha-2a is recommended as first-line treatment, in particular for HBeAg-positive patients with HBV genotypes A or B. Among nucleoside analogues, entecavir is the first choice and adefovir or tenofovir can be used as alternatives. Lamivudine monotherapy is not recommended due to the high risk of resistance development. Combinations of nucleoside analogues such as tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine are alternatives for patients with non-response or infection with resistant variants, or as first choice for patients with advanced liver disease. Nucleoside analogue treatment should be monitored to detect primary non-response and virological breakthrough. Special recommendations are given for HBV/HIV coinfected patients, immunosuppressed patients, children, and for treatment before and after liver transplantation. The present guideline is translated from Swedish, where it is published on the MPA and RAV websites (www.mpa.se and www.rav.nu.se) including 7 separate papers based on thorough literature search. The complete reference list can be received from the Medical Products Agency upon request.
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| 15. |
- Lund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Beskärningsårstider : Omdiskuterat ämne med skral forskningsbakgrund
- 2023
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In: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Beskärning är en nödvändighet i många urbana miljöer, men vad vet vi egentligen om vilken tidpunkt som är bäst för att beskära olika arter? I det här faktabladet sammanfattar vi forskningsläget, presenterar en ny studie och diskuterar vad resultaten av den innebär i praktiken.
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| 16. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(author)
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Lekotoper – platser där både barn och natur trivs
- 2022
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In: Movium Fakta. - 2001-2357.
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Går det att kombinera barns behov av naturkontakt med behovet hos olika arter i djur- och växtriket så att resultatet både blir en hållbar lekplats och en hållbar livsmiljö med hög biologisk mångfald?
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| 17. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(author)
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Utveckling av lekotoper för barns naturmöten
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I projekt efter projekt där lekmiljöer för barn skall iordningställas så ser vi hur leken undermineras genom att ytor med naturmark decimeras, vegetationen hålls tillbaka och konstgjorda material ersätter natur. Mot denna utveckling behövs nya strategier för att bevaka naturvärden, underlätta naturmarksetablering och säkra barns och ungas tillgång till en god utemiljö i enlighet med Plan och Bygglagen. Då naturbaserade lekmiljöer är dynamiska platser med levande material behöver man samtidigt göra sig medveten om olika möjliga skötselstrategier redan från start. Det kräver nya typer av dialoger mellan experter för att undersöka villkoren på platser där naturen skall samsas med barns aktivitet. Är det möjligt att tänka sig ett perspektiv där barnen genom sin användning bidrar till platsens skötsel och utveckling? Med stöd från SLU:s miljöanalysprogram Bebyggd miljö har i detta projekt ett antal forskare och praktiker ingått i dialog kring den problematik och de utmaningar som finns när man skall identifiera och anlägga naturmark som passar barns behov och intressen. Projektet under beteckningen Utveckling av "lekotoper" för barns naturmöten (SLU.ltv.2020.4.1-255) har handlat om att utveckla en förståelse för problematiken, hitta gemensamma perspektiv och en fungerande terminologi för att diskutera frågorna vidare på tvärs av olika fack och praktiker. Viktiga personer för projektets genomförande som vi särskilt vill tacka är personal vid parkenheten i Örebro med Mimmi Beckman i spetsen samt Emma Simonsson vid Urbio, som generöst har bjudit på kunskap och konkreta exempel. Det är denna duo som tillsammans med oss forskare vid SLU, Björn Wiström och Åsa Ode Sang vid institutionen för landskapsarkitektur, planering och förvaltning i Alnarp, Marcus Hedblom vid institutionen för stad och land i Uppsala samt Fredrika Mårtensson och Anna Litsmark vid institutionen för människa och samhälle i Alnarp, som har riggat de olika workshopparna som har varit grunden för dialogen. Idén till workshopparna uppstod inom ramen för en dialog mellan ett arbetspaket inom EU-projektet REGREEN med forskare från SLU samt Vinnovaprojektet Hållbara lekmiljöer i Staden där KTH, SLU, Örebro kommun och Urbio ingår. De två projekten har utbyten emellan sig och under ett möte om möjliga synergieffekter väcktes behovet av att behandla frågor kring anläggning av naturmark. I det praktiska arbetet kring lekotoputvecklingen som sker i Örebro efterfrågades kunskap och input på frågor kring design och anläggning av gröna leklandskap med fokus på topografi och växtbäddar. Till de frågor som lyftes fram hörde växtval, etableringsfrågor och frågor om plantors kvalitet, tid för plantering, jordbäddar, skydd, täckodling mm. Forskargruppen har stått för dokumentation och efterföljande reflektioner i rapporten. Vi vill också passa på att tacka alla deltagare i workshopparna som bidragit med sin tid, kunskap och engagemang! Från universitet deltog flera forskare med specialexpertis på området i processen och även antal studenter med examensarbete i ämnet. Det pågår också en 3 mängd olika initiativ runt om i Sverige för att göra barns utomhusliv rikare som vi på detta sätt fått ta del av. Deltagarna finns listade i bilaga 5. Forskarnas insatser i projektet har också stöttats ekonomiskt genom samordning med EU-projektet REGREEN ( https://www.regreen-project.eu/). Projektgruppen från SLU har stått för inramningen till workshoppar, föreliggande dokumentation och avslutande analys i rapporten. Då projektet ägde rum under den globala pandemin har inplanerade fysiska möten behövt ställas in. De behov som ändå finns av att inventera, undersöka och föra dialog på plats hoppas vi få tillgodose i ett kommande partnerskaps-Moviumprojekt som startar under 2021: I projektet Naturbaserade leklandskap med barn och unga får vi chansen att gå vidare och pröva nyvunna insikter på en kommande testbädd i Örebro. Avnämare för arbetet är samhällsplaneringen i stort med fokus på forskares, myndigheters och kommuners arbete med god bebyggd miljö till gagn för friluftsliv och folkhälsa. Fokus ligger på kunskapsstöd till personer från olika sektorer som arbetar med att kartera och tillgängliggöra närnatur för barn - på deras och naturens villkor. Vår förhoppning är att det framöver skall bli lika vanligt att tänka i lekotoper som det är idag att tänka och planera med lekredskap vid anläggning av lekmiljö. Genom processen med workshops och efterföljande dokumentation hoppas vi ha visat prov på hur ett professionellt stöd kan se ut i det viktiga arbetet med att identifiera och utveckla naturbaserade lekmiljöer.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Randrup, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Public urban green space management in Norwegian municipalities: A managers' perspective on place-keeping
- 2019
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 44
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study establishes a baseline for green space management in Norwegian municipalities. The aim of a comprehensive survey sent to all Norwegian municipalities in 2017, was to describe green space management and compare municipal differences in terms of place-keeping. Place-keeping, the responsive long-term management of public spaces, is used as an analytical framework to characterise the factors that influence Norwegian municipal green space management. The survey assessed place-keeping in terms of policies and strategies, funding, evaluations, management and maintenance as well as partnerships. Although Norwegian green space managers expect budgets to remain stable, they foresee an increase in tasks, more green spaces to manage and more visitors. To maintain the quality of green spaces, managers face difficulties such as incalculable financial challenges and a lack of techniques for evaluating and measuring the quality of green space. Norwegian green space management seems to be largely operational in nature, with limited focus on a tactical level. This is reinforced by a lack of municipal strategies for managing green spaces, potentially based on tactical and operational expertise. Only one in three managers reported having a strategy to maintain green spaces, despite the fact that in the survey, the quality of green spaces was rated more highly when a strategy was in place. Strategic management is suggested as a possible way to ensure quality green space. Individual managers appear to play a key role in the initiation of green space strategies, in reaching out to the political-administrative interface for acquiring sufficient funding, and to facilitate long-term place-keeping partnerships.
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| 20. |
- Randrup, Thomas, et al.
(author)
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Swedish green space management – The managers perspective
- 2017
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 28, s. 103-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study has initiated the first stages of assessing the current state of Swedish parks through the use of a comprehensive survey sent to all Swedish park managers during the spring of 2016. The aim was to review the state of the Swedish public parks and undertake an assessment and analysis of the key issues and challenges that public parks in Sweden are currently facing. The Park Managers Survey was carried out as an online questionnaire sent to all local community (municipal) park managers and park departments in Sweden. The survey addressed issues of finance and resourcing; the quantity and quality of parks being managed; organizational arrangements for maintenance; information on park visitors and volunteers; and, issues of strategic policy making. The Swedish municipal green space managers regard the current quality of their green spaces to be fine and budgets for upkeep sufficient, just as they look optimistically into the nearest future. Their nearest future does not seem to have focus on voluntary support and alliances with local stakeholders in relation to the actual maintenance of green spaces. Both these trends contradict their UK counterparts. Swedish managers seem to be building a strong organization internally, and do not expect to increase the current use of private contractors. In general, we conclude that Swedish green space managers look optimistically to the nearest future.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Richnau, Gustav, et al.
(author)
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Planting clonal shade-tolerant herbs in young urban woodlands-Effects of compost on plant growth, flowering and survival
- 2016
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In: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 17, s. 158-165
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rich herbaceous layers supply important ecosystem functions and amenity values in urban woodlands. However, due to poor dispersal and recruitment, typical woodland herbs often remain absent in woodlands established on post-agricultural and post-industrial sites, especially in fragmented urban landscapes. Efficient methods for active restoration of the herbaceous layer are therefore needed. In a plantation experiment in an 11-year-old oak stand established on post-agricultural land just outside Malmo City, southern Sweden, this study investigated the effects of compost addition and weed control on post-planting survival, growth and flowering of three typical shade-tolerant woodland herb species: Galium odoratum, Lamiastrum galeobdolon and Stellaria holostea. Removal of competing weed vegetation did not affect plant performance, but compost addition dramatically increased growth and flowering of all three species during the first two growing seasons, and also increased survival in S. holostea. This positive treatment effect probably derived from a more suitable top soil structure and a higher soil moisture in the compost treatment. We conclude that combined use of planting and composting is an effective method for rapid achievement of profusely flowering carpets of summer-green woodland herbs, which can provide important amenity values in the many woodlands established in and around cities in north-west Europe in recent decades. The method may also be applicable in other woodland restoration projects, where it can promote colonisation by typical shade-tolerant woodland herb species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Sjöman, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of Alnus subcordata for urban environments through assessment of drought and flooding tolerance
- 2021
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In: Dendrobiology. - : Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe. - 1641-1307. ; 85, s. 39-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Mims subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbai-jan, for its functionality as an urban tree. A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (psi(L)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (psi(P0)) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time. A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant difference in psi(P0) between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (-2.31 MPa). This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on water loss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Sjöman, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Naturen som förebild
- 2015
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In: Träd i urbana landskap. - 9789144073385 ; , s. 57-229
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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BATAG – en skötselmodell för skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvidgade skötselgator som skapas vid trädsäkring av järnvägar kan röjas selektivt för att utveckla trädsäkra skogsbryn som även kan bidra till naturvården och landskapsbilden. För detta krävs robusta skötselmodeller för skogsbryn anpassade till infrastrukturmiljöer. Baserat på inventering och analys av 78 lokaler stratifierat slumpade längs med hela södra stambanan mellan Malmö och Stockholm, redovisar denna rapport en överblick över artsammansättningen och dess grupperingar längs sträckan. Utifrån detta konceptualiseras och diskuteras BATAG (Röjning av endast Björk, Asp, Tall, Al och Gran) som en skötselmodell för skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer, som inte kräver en stor artkunskap av utföraren men samtidigt gynnar en stor mängd av olika småträd och buskar.
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| 30. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Creative management: a framework for designing multifunctional play biotopes - lessons from a Scandinavian landscape laboratory
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In: Urban Ecosystems. - 1083-8155.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most children grow up in urbanised settings with a low possibility to experience biodiversity and nature. However, experiencing nature and other species increases children’s wellbeing, health, learning abilities and their understanding of nature values. Play biotopes is one solution for supporting a co-existence between children and different species in nature-based play settings. Play biotopes are based on ecological theories, where structures in the morphology of landscapes at different scales and the content of flora and fauna can support children’s interplay with a part of the landscape. However, traditional landscape management is not adapted to support the dynamic nature of play biotopes, especially when considering multiple scales. This makes it interesting to explore more dynamic management concepts arching over multiple scales. Accordingly, we here explore creative management as a scale-based framework for design by management to further develop the concept of play biotopes. Using examples from a landscape laboratory in southern Sweden, we propose that a creative management framework combining the scales of landscape, biotope, place, and object together with play connectivity can support the creation and management of multifunctional play biotopes.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Datarapport för 2021 års SLU-enkät om kommunal skötsel av grönområden och träd
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna datarapport sammanställer och redovisar enkätdata från ”SLU:s enkät för kommunal skötsel av grönområden och träd” som syftar till att ge en översikt över kommunernas gröna resurs och dess förvaltning. Enkäten är en del av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets (SLU) långsiktiga arbete kring urbana utemiljöer. Enkäten har vänt sig till alla kommuner i Sverige vid två tillfällen med fem års mellanrum och behandlar frågor som rör den kommunala förvaltningen av grönområden, träd och skog utifrån sex delområden; A) Budget och Finansiering, B) Drift och underhåll för parker, grönområden och träd, C) Policy, planer och strategier, D) Kvalitet, E) Träd och trädinventeringar, F) Icke planlagd skogsmark.
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| 35. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Datarapport för SLU:s stora enkät för kommunal skötsel av grönområden och träd
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna datarapport sammanställer och redovisar enkätdata från projektet ”SLU:s stora enkät för kommunal skötsel av grönområden och träd” som syftar till att ge en översikt över kommunernas gröna resurs och dess förvaltning. Projektet är en del av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets (SLU) fortlöpande miljöanalys inom programmet bebyggd miljö. Enkäten har vänt sig till alla kommuner i Sverige och behandlar frågor som rör den kommunala förvaltningen av grönområden och träd utifrån fem delområden; 1) Budget och finansiering, 2) Drift och underhåll, 3) Policy, planer och strategier, 4) Kvalitet, 5) Trädinventeringar.
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| 36. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Decisive environmental characteristics for woody regrowth in forest edges - Patterns along complex environmental gradients in Southern Sweden
- 2016
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 363, s. 47-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early and late successional stages of forest edge development were studied across long, complex environmental gradients in order to disentangle and assess the woody species composition and functional traits' relations to abiotic and biotic environmental characteristics at site and landscape scale. Data were sampled from 78 randomly stratified locations along a 610-km railway corridor between the cities of Stockholm and Malmo, Sweden, and subsequently analysed in multiple steps of unconstrained, constrained and partial constrained ordination and variation partitioning. Different analytical methods were applied at each step and only the environmental characteristics that repeatedly showed significant impacts on woody species composition were selected for analysis of average weighted community traits to provide verification and a more detailed understanding. Following this approach, 10 environmental characteristics were identified as decisive for the woody species composition of the forest edges. The variation partitioning revealed a marked shift in the relative explanatory power of the environmental variables in relation to the succession of the forest edges. In the early successional stage, the abiotic variables related to site productivity (as reflected by field layer type and soil moisture) and climate (humidity and altitude) dominate, while in the late successional stages of forest edges more complex patterns evolved due to hierarchical and dynamic filter effects, where biotic variables reflecting structural aspects at site (forest edge profile, canopy stratification and canopy cover) and landscape (forest continuity and the shape and contrast of edges in the surrounding landscape) level were equally important as the abiotic variables. We concluded that management efforts in early succession stages of forest edges should depart from basic abiotic gradients of site fertility and moisture; and that it is crucial to incorporate vegetation structure variables at site and landscape level into long-term management planning. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Effects of planting design on planted seedlings and spontaneous vegetation 16 years after establishment of forest edges
- 2014
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In: New Forests. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-4286 .- 1573-5095. ; 45, s. 97-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In afforestation, studies of forest edges seldom span the effects of planting design and the self-designing capacities of spontaneous vegetation. This study revisited experimental forest edge sections 16 years after their establishment to assess the impact of five design elements on (1) horizontal and vertical edge structure, (2) growth of planted species and species groups, and (3) spontaneous establishment of woody vegetation. The design elements were: exposure to direct solar radiation; edge typology (shrub mixture, mixture of trees and shrubs, no edge planting); width of edge planting (5 or 10 m); species mixture principle (intimate mixtures or single species grouping); and planting row position from outermost to interior planting row (max. 6 rows). The results demonstrate that edge plantings support significantly more spontaneous woody vegetation than stand boundaries without such edge plantings. This result was consistent across the different design elements. Position across the planting rows from the outermost to innermost row was the most influential design element for the development of planted seedlings. Planted tree and shrub species of similar shade tolerance had contradicting development, where light-demanding pioneer tree species had obtained dominant positions while shade-tolerant shrub species had outgrown more light-demanding species. These results demonstrate that important successional processes can be activated by establishing the initial components and structures of forest edges. When designing such edges, species should preferably be allocated to different row cohorts reflecting their growth form and shade tolerance.
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| 38. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Experimental evaluation of waterlogging and drought tolerance of essential Prunus species in central Europe
- 2023
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 537
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fruit-bearing and flowering minority tree species, such as many species from the Prunus genus, are essential for multiple ecosystem services in the landscape. Although common, but never dominating, these minority species are often overlooked compared to commercial timber trees in relation to climate change. Induced stress on trees through climate change in central Europe will not only be caused by drought but also by extreme precipitation and pluvial flooding. This study experimentally address this by testing both waterlogging and drought tolerance in three key species of Prunus for central Europe that naturally span a wide variation of habitat conditions. The selected species Prunus mahaleb, Prunus avium and Prunus padus were subjected to both drought and waterlogging in a greenhouse experiment. Plant functionality in the form of midday leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and turgor loss point together with different aspects of biomass allocation and growth was tested. All included species lost their stomatal conductance and leaf water potential within a few days in the waterlogging treatment. Only P. padus had the capacity to recover with new leaves after the waterlogging ended, suggesting that avoidance strategies though leaf shedding can be a complementary mechanism to withstand waterlogging. P. padus kept its stomatal conductance and water potential for the longest time in the drought treatment followed by P. mahaleb and P.avium. This longevity in the drought treatment for P. padus could be explained by both tolerance strategies through lower turgor loss point, but also avoidance strategies with fast changes in growth and higher allocation of biomass to the roots. There is a clear risk that ecosystem service from Prunus species in the landscape can be negatively affected not only by drought but also by increased events of waterlogging. This highlights the need for including minority species and also other climate stressors in addition to drought in the planning and management of multifunctional landscapes.
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| 39. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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ForEDGE – en plattform för forskning och demonstration kring utveckling av skogsbryn i infrastrukturmiljöer
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvidgade skötselgator som skapas vid trädsäkring av järnvägar kan röjas selektivt för att utveckla skogsbryn som kan bidra till naturvården och landskapsbilden. För detta krävs robusta skötselmodeller för skogsbryn anpassade till infrastrukturmiljöer. Trafikverket har därför finansierat forskning och utveckling av nya skötselmodeller för skogsbryn. Denna rapport redovisar etableringen av ett fullskaligt skötselförsök - ForEDGE (Forest Edge Development Gradient Experiment) där dessa skötselmodeller har lagts ut på 25 olika lokaler längs Södra stambanan och ger en första preliminär bedömning av dessa modeler.
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| 40. |
- Wiström, Björn
(author)
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Forest edge development : management and design of forest edges in infrastructure and urban environments
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis investigates design guidelines and management systems for the development of stationary forest edges with a graded profile in infrastructure and urban environments. The spatial restriction for the edge to move forward caused by human land use counteracts the natural dynamics and development patterns of graded forest edges. However graded forest edges with successively increasing height from the periphery to the interior of the forest edge are often seen as ideal as they supports important multiple functions while at the same time keeping hazardous trees away from tracks, roads, power lines and houses. This calls for suitable management systems and design guidelines. This thesis focuses on the woody species assemblies and vegetation structures. Two starting points of forest edge development was investigated in Southern Sweden; 1) Planted designed forest edges in the Landscape Laboratory of Alnarp, and 2) Natural regenerated forest edges, after clearing along a 610 km railway line between Malmö and Stockholm. Based on the studies it is proposed that the planning of active forest edge development should depart from basic abiotic gradients and it is important to incorporate vegetation structure at site and landscape level into the long-term planning. The management and design actions taken in relation to this should acknowledge the importance of controlling tree dominance. Traits and species strategies relating to tolerance of shade, drought, waterlogging, browsing as well as dispersal mode and growth form can be used as interpretive framework for forest edges assembly and to guide management actions. When assembling species in relation to these traits, placement along the cross section of the forest edge should be a central aspect of the planting design. Based on the findings two management systems were conceptualized; Zoned Selective Coppice that departs from threshold heights and spatial zonation, respectively Functional Species Control that focus on control of dominating tree species. Further a guideline for planting principle was conceptualized. Three long term experimental trials have been developed and established to enable controlled evaluation of these management systems and design guidelines.
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| 41. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Forest Edge Regrowth Typologies in Southern Sweden-Relationship to Environmental Characteristics and Implications for Management
- 2017
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In: Environmental Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 60, s. 69-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- After two major storms, the Swedish Transport Administration was granted permission in 2008 to expand the railroad corridor from 10 to 20 m from the rail banks, and to clear the forest edges in the expanded area. In order to evaluate the possibilities for managers to promote and control the species composition of the woody regrowth so that a forest edge with a graded profile develops over time, this study mapped the woody regrowth and environmental variables at 78 random sites along the 610-km railroad between Stockholm and Malm four growing seasons after the clearing was implemented. Through different clustering approaches, dominant tree species to be controlled and future building block species for management were identified. Using multivariate regression trees, the most decisive environmental variables were identified and used to develop a regrowth typology and to calculate species indicator values. Five regrowth types and ten indicator species were identified along the environmental gradients of soil moisture, soil fertility, and altitude. Six tree species dominated the regrowth across the regrowth types, but clustering showed that if these were controlled by selective thinning, lower tree and shrub species were generally present so they could form the "building blocks" for development of a graded edge. We concluded that selective thinning targeted at controlling a few dominant tree species, here named Functional Species Control, is a simple and easily implemented management concept to promote a wide range of suitable species, because it does not require field staff with specialist taxonomic knowledge.
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| 42. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Intraspecific drought tolerance of Betula pendula genotypes: an evaluation using leaf turgor loss in a botanical collection
- 2021
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In: Trees - Structure and Function. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0931-1890 .- 1432-2285. ; 35, s. 569-581
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Key message The results showed a significant relationship between the potential evapotranspiration of the provenance collection site and the leaf turgor loss point and significant positive differences in drought tolerance between provenances and subspecies of B. pendula. The ecosystem services provided by urban trees make substantial contributions to the quality of urban living and securing resilience towards the challenges posed by a changing climate. Water deficits are a major abiotic stress for trees in urban environments and, in many regions, this stress is likely to be amplified under future climate scenarios. Although wide variation in drought tolerance exists at the species level, many species also show substantial intraspecific variation in drought tolerance. The aim of this study is to evaluate how drought tolerance, inferred from the water potential at leaf turgor loss point (psi(P0)), varies in Betula pendula from different geographical origins and determine if the observed drought tolerance can be related to the local climate and seasonal water balance from the provenance of origin, despite the trees now being established in similar soil and climatic conditions within a single botanical collection. Six subsp. betula, five subsp. mandshurica and two subsp. szechuanica were evaluated, giving a total of 12 different provenances. The results showed a significant relationship between the potential evapotranspiration of the provenance collection site and the leaf turgor loss point and significant positive differences in drought tolerance between provenances and subspecies of B. pendula. By directing efforts towards identifying more drought-tolerant genotypes, it will be possible to diversify the palette of trees that could confidently be integrated by urban tree planners and landscape architects into the urban landscape. The results of this study on different ecotypes of B. pendula clearly show that it is possible to find more drought-tolerant plant material.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Wiström, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Strukturrige bevoksninger
- 2009
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In: Grønt miljø. - 0108-4755. ; , s. 4-10
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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