| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(author)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(author)
-
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 11. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 12. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
-
- 2021
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Maanja, M, et al.
(author)
-
Improved evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy using the spatial QRS-T angle by electrocardiography
- 2022
-
In: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 15106-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) lack sensitivity. The aim was to identify LVH based on an abnormal spatial peaks QRS-T angle, evaluate its diagnostic performance compared to conventional ECG criteria for LVH, and its prognostic performance. This was an observational study with four cohorts with a QRS duration < 120 ms. Based on healthy volunteers (n = 921), an abnormal spatial peaks QRS-T angle was defined as ≥ 40° for females and ≥ 55° for males. In other healthy volunteers (n = 461), the specificity of the QRS-T angle to detect LVH was 96% (females) and 98% (males). In patients with at least moderate LVH by cardiac imaging (n = 225), the QRS-T angle had a higher sensitivity than conventional ECG criteria (93–97% vs 13–56%, p < 0.001 for all). In clinical consecutive patients (n = 783), of those who did not have any LVH, 238/556 (43%) had an abnormal QRS-T angle. There was an association with hospitalization for heart failure or all-cause death in univariable and multivariable analysis. An abnormal QRS-T angle rarely occurred in healthy volunteers, was a mainstay of moderate or greater LVH, was common in clinical patients without LVH but with cardiac co-morbidities, and associated with outcomes.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Olausson, E, et al.
(author)
-
Diffuse myocardial fibrosis associates with incident ventricular arrhythmia in implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients
- 2023
-
In: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BackgroundDiffuse myocardial fibrosis (DMF) quantified by extracellular volume (ECV) may represent a vulnerable phenotype and associate with life threatening ventricular arrhythmias more than focal myocardial fibrosis. This principle remains important because 1) risk stratification for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) remains challenging, and 2) DMF may respond to current or emerging medical therapies (reversible substrate).ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between quantified by ECV in myocardium without focal fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with time from ICD implantation to 1) appropriate shock, or 2) shock or anti-tachycardia pacing.MethodsAmong patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) without congenital disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or amyloidosis who received ICDs (n=215), we used Cox regression to associate ECV with incident ICD therapy.ResultsAfter a median of 2.9 (IQR 1.5-4.2) years, 25 surviving patients experienced ICD shock and 44 experienced shock or anti-tachycardia pacing. ECV ranged from 20.2% to 39.4%. No patient with ECV<25% experienced an ICD shock. ECV associated with both endpoints, e.g., hazard ratio 2.17 (95%CI 1.17-4.00) for every 5% increase in ECV, p=0.014 in a stepwise model for ICD shock adjusting for ICD indication, age, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction, whereas focal fibrosis by LGE and global longitudinal strain (GLS) did not.ConclusionsDMF measured by ECV associates with ventricular arrhythmias requiring ICD therapy in a dose-response fashion, even adjusting for potential confounding variables, focal fibrosis by LGE, and GLS. ECV-based risk stratification and DMF representing a therapeutic target to prevent ventricular arrhythmia warrant further investigation.Condensed AbstractAnalogous to heart failure and mortality outcomes, diffuse myocardial fibrosis (DMF) quantified by extracellular volume (ECV) may represent a more vulnerable phenotype for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia than focal myocardial fibrosis. In patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance, we identified 215 subsequently receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). After a median of 2.9 (IQR 1.5-4.2) years, 25 patients experienced ICD shock and 44 experienced shock or anti-tachycardia pacing. ECV associated with ICD therapy in Cox regression models. Focal fibrosis variables or global longitudinal strain did not. ECV-based risk stratification and DMF representing a therapeutic target to prevent ventricular arrhythmia warrant further investigation.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
