SwePub - search: WFRF:(Xi Yan)

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1.	Beal, Jacob, et al. (author) Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density 2020 In: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
2.	Klionsky, Daniel J, et al. (author) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). 2016 In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 12:1, s. 1-222 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
3.	Ablikim, M., et al. (author) Measurements of cross section of e(+)e(-) -> p(p)over-bar pi(0) at center-of-mass energies between 4.008 and 4.600 GeV 2017 In: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 771, s. 45-51 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Based on e(+)e(-) annihilation data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at 13 center-of-mass energies from 4.008 to 4.600 GeV, measurements of the Born cross section of e(+)e(-) -> p (p) over bar pi(0) are performed. No significant resonant structure is observed in the measured energy dependence of the cross section. The upper limit on the Born cross section of e(+)e(-) -> Y (4260) -> p (p) over bar pi(0) at the 90% C. L. is determined to be 0.01 pb. The upper limit on the ratio of the branching fractions B(Y(4260) -> p (p) over bar pi(0))/B(Y(4260) -> pi(+)pi(-) j/Psi) at the 90% C. L. is determined to be 0.02%.
4.	Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (author) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy 2012 In: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
5.	Fang, Du, et al. (author) Increased neuronal PreP activity reduces A beta accumulation, attenuates neuroinflammation and improves mitochondrial and synaptic function in Alzheimer disease's mouse model 2015 In: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:18, s. 5198-5210 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Accumulation of amyloid-beta (A beta) in synaptic mitochondria is associated with mitochondrial and synaptic injury. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to eliminate A beta and rescue mitochondrial and synaptic defects remain elusive. Presequence protease (PreP), a mitochondrial peptidasome, is a novel mitochondrial A beta degrading enzyme. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that increased expression of active human PreP in cortical neurons attenuates Alzheimer disease's (AD)-like mitochondrial amyloid pathology and synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppresses mitochondrial oxidative stress. Notably, PreP-overexpressed AD mice show significant reduction in the production of proinflammatory mediators. Accordingly, increased neuronal PreP expression improves learning and memory and synaptic function in vivo AD mice, and alleviates A beta-mediated reduction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Our results provide in vivo evidence that PreP may play an important role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function by clearance and degradation of mitochondrial A beta along with the improvement in synaptic and behavioral function in AD mouse model. Thus, enhancing PreP activity/expression may be a new therapeutic avenue for treatment of AD.
6.	Kristanl, Matej, et al. (author) The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results 2019 In: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
7.	Alikhani, Nyosha, et al. (author) Decreased proteolytic activity of the mitochondrial amyloid-β degrading enzyme, PreP peptidasome, in Alzheimer's disease brain mitochondria 2011 In: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. - 1387-2877 .- 1875-8908. ; 27:1, s. 75-87 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), the neurotoxic peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been shown in brain mitochondria of AD patients and of AD transgenic mouse models. The presence of Aβ in mitochondria leads to free radical generation and neuronal stress. Recently, we identified the presequence protease, PreP, localized in the mitochondrial matrix in mammalian mitochondria as the novel mitochondrial Aβ-degrading enzyme. In the present study, we examined PreP activity in the mitochondrial matrix of the human brain's temporal lobe, an area of the brain highly susceptible to Aβ accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found significantly lower hPreP activity in AD brains compared with non-AD age-matched controls. By contrast, in the cerebellum, a brain region typically spared from Aβ accumulation, there was no significant difference in hPreP activity when comparing AD samples to non-AD controls. We also found significantly reduced PreP activity in the mitochondrial matrix of AD transgenic mouse brains (Tg mAβPP and Tg mAβPP/ABAD) when compared to non-transgenic aged-matched mice. Furthermore, mitochondrial fractions isolated from AD brains and Tg mAβPP mice had higher levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, an oxidative product, as compared with those from non-AD and nonTg mice. Accordingly, activity of cytochrome c oxidase was significantly reduced in the AD mitochondria. These findings suggest that decreased PreP proteolytic activity, possibly due to enhanced ROS production, contributes to Aβ accumulation in mitochondria leading to the mitochondrial toxicity and neuronal death that is exacerbated in AD. Clearance of mitochondrial Aβ by PreP may thus be of importance in the pathology of AD.
8.	Hu, Hai-Xi, et al. (author) Structural insights into HetR-PatS interaction involved in cyanobacterial pattern formation 2015 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The one-dimensional pattern of heterocyst in the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is coordinated by the transcription factor HetR and PatS peptide. Here we report the complex structures of HetR binding to DNA, and its hood domain (HetR(Hood)) binding to a PatS-derived hexapeptide (PatS6) at 2.80 and 2.10 angstrom, respectively. The intertwined HetR dimer possesses a couple of novel HTH motifs, each of which consists of two canonical alpha-helices in the DNA-binding domain and an auxiliary alpha-helix from the flap domain of the neighboring subunit. Two PatS6 peptides bind to the lateral clefts of HetR(Hood), and trigger significant conformational changes of the flap domain, resulting in dissociation of the auxiliary alpha-helix and eventually release of HetR from the DNA major grove. These findings provide the structural insights into a prokaryotic example of Turing model.
9.	Weinstein, John N., et al. (author) The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project 2013 In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
10.	Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, et al. (author) A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. 2004 In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 432:7018, s. 717-22 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
11.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Nanosecond Photothermal Effects in Plasmonic Nanostructures 2012 In: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 6:3, s. 2550-2557 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Photothermal effects in plasmonic nanostructures have great potentials in applications for photothermal cancer therapy, optical storage, thermo-photovoltaics, etc. However, the transient temperature behavior of a nanoscale material system during an ultrafast photothermal process has rarely been accurately investigated. Here a heat transfer model is constructed to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of temperature in plasmonic gold nanostructures. First, as a benchmark scenario, we study the light-induced heating of a gold nanosphere in water and calculate the relaxation time of the nanosphere excited by a modulated light. Second, we investigate heating and reshaping of gold nanoparticles in a more complex metamaterial absorber structure induced by a nanosecond pulsed light. The model shows that the temperature of the gold nanoparticles can be raised from room temperature to >795 K in just a few nanoseconds with a low light luminance, owing to enhanced light absorption through strong plasmonic resonance. Such quantitative predication of temperature change, which Is otherwise formidable to measure experimentally, can serve as an excellent guideline for designing devices for ultrafast photothermal applications.
12.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Ordered Au nanocrystals on a substrate formed by light-induced rapid annealing 2014 In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 6:3, s. 1756-1762 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Light-induced rapid annealing (LIRA) is a widely used method to modify the morphology and crystallinity of noble metal nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles generally evolve into nanospheres. It is rather challenging to form faceted Au nanocrystals on a substrate using LIRA. Here the formation of spatially ordered Au nanocrystals using a continuous wave infrared laser is reported, assisted by a metamaterial perfect absorber. Faceted Au nanocrystals in truncated-octahedral or multi-twinned geometries can be obtained. The evolution of morphology and crystallinity of the Au nanoparticles during laser annealing is also revealed, where the crystal grain growth and the surface melting are shown to play key roles in nanocrystal formation. The evolution of morphology also gives the freedom of tuning the absorption spectrum of the metamaterial absorber. These findings provide a novel way for tailoring the morphology and crystallinity of metallic nanoparticles and may pave the way to fabricate refined nano-devices in many potential applications for optics, electronics, catalysis, surface-chemistry and biology.
13.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermal direct writing of metallic microstructure for frequency selective surface at terahertz frequencies 2012 In: Proceedings of the 2012 International Workshop on Metamaterials, Meta 2012. - : IEEE. - 9781467328081 ; , s. 6464923- Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Maskless photothermal direct writing technique was investigated to fabricate planar microscale metallic structures. In this technique, we use a tightly focused nanosecond pulsed infrared light to heat the metallic thin film on substrate. With sufficient volumic power density, the metal inside a "hot spot" could be removed from substrate. This technique benefits from not only the enhanced optical absorption, thanks to the surface plasmon resonance of metallic thin film, but also the reduced thermal conductivity, due to the frequent boundary scattering of phonons inside the thin film. To verify the performance of our direct writing technique, a cross-slot periodic array is scribed in gold thin film on silica substrate. Such a pattern can serve as a frequency selective surface at terahertz, which has many applications in terahertz radio system, e. g. rejecting thermal noise before terahertz receiver or serving as reflectors in Fabry-Perot etalon for astronomy spectroscopy.
14.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermal phenomena in plasmonics and metamaterials 2011 In: ADVANCES IN OPTICAL THIN FILMS IV. - : SPIE. - 9780819487940 ; , s. 81681K- Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Our recent theoretical and experimental investigation of the photothermal effect in a planar metamaterial absorber is reviewed in the present paper. The observed ultrasensitive photothermal heating in such an absorber nanostructure irradiated by a pulsed white-light source is elaborated with a simple yet compelling heat transfer model, which is subsequently solved with a finite-element method. The simulation results not only agree with the experimental finding, but also provide more detailed understanding of the temperature transition in the complex system.
15.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermal Switching of SOI Waveguide-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with Integrated Plasmonic Nanoheater 2014 In: Plasmonics. - : Springer. - 1557-1955 .- 1557-1963. ; 9:5, s. 1197-1205 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We theoretically and numerically investigated the photothermal switching of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on two Si waveguides integrated with plasmonic nanoheaters. The nanoheater is a composite nanowire with Au/Al2O3/Au three-layer structure, which is designed to have a highly efficient optical absorption peak at wavelength of 1,064 nm. Based on this finding, we further analyze a MZI built with two 40-μm-long symmetric waveguide branches, each integrated with a 20-μm-long nanoheater. The optical switching power of the MZI device is 190 mW (280 mW) for the capped (buried) channel waveguide, when pumped by a circular Gaussian beam with a waist of 10 μm. Alternatively, the switching power can be reduced to 38 mW (56 mW) by using an astigmatic Gaussian beam, with a semi-major axis of 10 μm and an aspect ratio of 5. The switching response time of the MZI is 0.7 μs (1.0 μs) for capped (buried) channel waveguide design. Our design opens a new route for optically driven non-contact optical on-off switching with sub-microsecond time response.
16.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermally tunable silicon-microring-based optical add-drop filter through integrated light absorber 2014 In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 22:21, s. 25233-25241 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An optically pumped thermo-optic (TO) silicon ring add-drop filter with fast thermal response is experimentally demonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM) light absorber can be integrated into silicon TO devices, acting as a localized heat source which can be activated remotely by a pump beam. The MIM absorber design introduces less thermal capacity to the device, compared to conventional electrically-driven approaches. Experimentally, the absorber-integrated add-drop filter shows an optical response time of 13.7 mu s following the 10%-90% rule (equivalent to a exponential time constant of 5 mu s) and a wavelength shift over pump power of 60 pm/mW. The photothermally tunable add-drop filter may provide new perspectives for all-optical routing and switching in integrated Si photonic circuits.
17.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermally tunable silicon-microring-based optical add-drop filter through integrated light absorber 2014 In: Optics Express. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 1094-4087. ; 22:21, s. 25233-25241 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An optically pumped thermo-optic (TO) silicon ring add-drop filter with fast thermal response is experimentally demonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM) light absorber can be integrated into silicon TO devices, acting as a localized heat source which can be activated remotely by a pump beam. The MIM absorber design introduces less thermal capacity to the device, compared to conventional electrically-driven approaches. Experimentally, the absorber-integrated add-drop filter shows an optical response time of 13.7 μs following the 10%–90% rule (equivalent to a exponential time constant of 5 μs) and a wavelength shift over pump power of 60 pm/mW. The photothermally tunable add-drop filter may provide new perspectives for all-optical routing and switching in integrated Si photonic circuits.
18.	Chen, Xi, et al. (author) Photothermally tunable silicon microring-resonator-based optical add-drop filter Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract A themro-optic (TO) silicon photonic add-drop filterwith small switching power and fast response is experimentallydemonstrated. We propose that metal-insulator-metal (MIM)absorbers can be integrated into the silicon TO devices, acting asan efficient and localized heat source. The MIM absorber designintroduces less thermal capacity to the device, comparing to theelectrically driven heater used in conventional TO devices. As a keyelement in silicon photonics, microring resonators have applicationin wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) devices, owning to theirunique spectrum properties. In this work, a silicon microring add-dropfilter is equipped with a MIM absorber. Experimentally, the deviceshows a measured optical response time of 5.0 μs and pumping powerderivative of the wavelength shift of 60 pm/mW.
19.	Chen, Yiting, et al. (author) Plasmonic analog of microstrip transmission line and effect of thermal annealing on its propagation loss 2013 In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 21:2, s. 1639-1644 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We fabricated a plasmonic analog of the microwave microstrip transmission line and measured its propagation loss before and after thermal annealing. It is found that its propagation loss at 980 nm wavelength can be reduced by more than 50%, from 0.45 to 0.20 dB/μm, after thermal annealing at 300 °C. The reduction in loss can be attributed to the improved gold surface condition and probably also to the change in the metal's inner structure. Less evident loss reduction is noticed at 1550 nm, which is owing to extremely small portion of the modal electric field located in the metal regions at this wavelength.
20.	Chen, Yiting, et al. (author) Plasmonic analog of microstrip transmission line and effect of thermal annealing on its propagation loss 2013 In: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 21:2, s. 1639-1644 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We fabricated a plasmonic analog of the microwave microstrip transmission line and measured its propagation loss before and after thermal annealing. It is found that its propagation loss at 980 nm wavelength can be reduced by more than 50%, from 0.45 to 0.20 dB/μm, after thermal annealing at 300 °C. The reduction in loss can be attributed to the improved gold surface condition and probably also to the change in the metal’s inner structure. Less evident loss reduction is noticed at 1550 nm, which is owing to extremely small portion of the modal electric field located in the metal regions at this wavelength.
21.	Gong, Hanmo, et al. (author) Gold nanoparticle transfer through photothermal effects in a metamaterial absorber by nanosecond laser 2014 In: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 6080- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A non-complicated, controllable method of metallic nanoparticle fabrication at low operating light power is proposed. The method is based on laser-induced forward transfer, using a metamaterial absorber as the donor to significantly enhance the photothermal effect and reduce the operating light fluence to 35 mJ/cm(2), which is much lower than that in previous works. A large number of metallic nanoparticles can be transferred by one shot of focused nanosecond laser pulses. Transferred nanoparticles exhibit good size uniformity and the sizes are controllable. The optical properties of transferred particles are characterized by dark-field spectroscopy and the experimental results agree with the simulation results.
22.	Gong, H., et al. (author) Photothermal Switching Based on Silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Integrated with Light Absorber 2016 In: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 8:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present an all-optical switch based on photothermal effects in a silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) integrated with a light absorber. The metal-insulator-metal light absorber located near the longer arm of the asymmetric MZI efficiently converts infrared light to heat. Pumped by a continuous-wave 1064-nm laser, the spectral transmittance of the fully etched strip waveguide (half-etched rib waveguide) MZI can be tuned with an efficiency of 38 pm/mW (98.5 pm/mW). Dynamic switching experiments show that the rise/fall time constant of the output probe light is 11.45/10.98 μs (8.25/7.13 μs) for the fully etched (half-etched) MZI.
23.	Gong, Hanmo, et al. (author) Photothermal switching based on silicon mach–zehnder interferometer integrated with light absorber 2016 In: IEEE Photonics Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 8:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present an all-optical switch based on photothermal effects in a silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) integrated with a light absorber. The metal-insulator-metal light absorber located near the longer arm of the asymmetric MZI efficiently converts infrared light to heat. Pumped by a continuous-wave 1064-nm laser, the spectral transmittance of the fully etched strip waveguide (half-etched rib waveguide) MZI can be tuned with an efficiency of 38 pm/mW (98.5 pm/mW). Dynamic switching experiments show that the rise/fall time constant of the output probe light is 11.45/10.98 μs (8.25/7.13 μs) for the fully etched (half-etched) MZI.
24.	Jiang, Bing-Xin, et al. (author) Fabrication and bonding of In bumps on Micro-LED with 8 μ m pixel pitch 2024 In: ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS. - 2631-8695. ; 6:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Indium (In) is currently used to fabricate metal bumps on micro-light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) chips due to its excellent physical properties. However, as Micro-LED pixel size and pitch decrease, achieving high-quality In bumps on densely packed Micro-LED chips often presents more challenges. This paper describes the process of fabricating In bumps on micro-LEDs using thermal evaporation, highlighting an issue where In tends to grow laterally within the photoresist pattern, ultimately blocking the pattern and resulting in undersized and poorly dense In bumps on the Micro-LED chip. To address this issue, we conducted numerous experiments to study the height variation of In bumps within a range of photoresist aperture sizes (3 mu m -7 mu m) under two different resist thickness conditions (3.8 mu m and 4.8 mu m). The results showed that the resist thickness had a certain effect on the height of In bumps on the Micro-LED chip electrodes. Moreover, we found that, with the photoresist pattern size increasing under constant resist thickness conditions, the height and quality of the bumps significantly improved. Based on this finding, we rationalized the adjustment of the photoresist pattern size within a limited emission platform range to compensate for the height difference of In bumps caused by different resist thicknesses between the cathode and anode regions. Consequently, well-shaped and dense In bumps with a maximum height of up to 4.4 mu m were fabricated on 8 mu m pitch Micro-LED chips. Afterwards, we bonded the Micro-LED chip with indium bumps to the CMOS chip, and we found that we could successfully control the CMOS chip to drive the Micro-LED chip to display specific characters through the Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC). This work is of significant importance for the fabrication of In bumps on Micro-LED chips with pitches below 10 mu m and subsequent bonding processes.
25.	Jiang, Xi, et al. (author) Selected papers from the Twelfth International Conference on Combustion and Energy Utilisation (12th ICCEU) 2015 In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 156, s. 747-748 Journal article (other academic/artistic)
26.	Kumar, Shailesh, et al. (author) Multifunctional Antioxidants : Regenerable Radical-Trapping and Hydroperoxide-Decomposing Ebselenols 2016 In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 55:11, s. 3729-3733 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Regenerable, multifunctional ebselenol antioxidants were prepared that could quench peroxyl radicals more efficiently than -tocopherol. These compounds act as better mimics of the glutathione peroxidase enzymes than ebselen. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in human mononuclear cells was considerably decreased upon exposure to the organoselenium compounds. At a concentration of 25m, the ebselenol derivatives showed minimal toxicity in pre-osteoblast MC3T3cells.
27.	Li, Wu Lue, et al. (author) Multiple Origins and Genomic Basis of Complex Traits in Sighthounds 2023 In: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 40:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Sighthounds, a distinctive group of hounds comprising numerous breeds, have their origins rooted in ancient artificial selection of dogs. In this study, we performed genome sequencing for 123 sighthounds, including one breed from Africa, six breeds from Europe, two breeds from Russia, and four breeds and 12 village dogs from the Middle East. We gathered public genome data of five sighthounds and 98 other dogs as well as 31 gray wolves to pinpoint the origin and genes influencing the morphology of the sighthound genome. Population genomic analysis suggested that sighthounds originated from native dogs independently and were comprehensively admixed among breeds, supporting the multiple origins hypothesis of sighthounds. An additional 67 published ancient wolf genomes were added for gene flow detection. Results showed dramatic admixture of ancient wolves in African sighthounds, even more than with modern wolves. Whole-genome scan analysis identified 17 positively selected genes (PSGs) in the African population, 27 PSGs in the European population, and 54 PSGs in the Middle Eastern population. None of the PSGs overlapped in the three populations. Pooled PSGs of the three populations were significantly enriched in "regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol"(gene ontology: 0051279), which is related to blood circulation and heart contraction. In addition, ESR1, JAK2, ADRB1, PRKCE, and CAMK2D were under positive selection in all three selected groups. This suggests that different PSGs in the same pathway contributed to the similar phenotype of sighthounds. We identified an ESR1 mutation (chr1: g.42,177,149-T > C) in the transcription factor (TF) binding site of Stat5a and a JAK2 mutation (chr1: g.93,277,007-T > A) in the TF binding site of Sox5. Functional experiments confirmed that the ESR1 and JAK2 mutation reduced their expression. Our results provide new insights into the domestication history and genomic basis of sighthounds.
28.	Liao, Guangdong, et al. (author) Multi-Infection Patterns and Co-infection Preference of 27 Human Papillomavirus Types Among 137,943 Gynecological Outpatients Across China 2020 In: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: The epidemiological feature of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is distinctive in China. We aimed to investigate the multi-infection patterns and co-infection preference of 27 HPV types among gynecological outpatients across China. Methods: Overall 137,943 gynecological outpatients were recruited from eight tertiary hospitals located in seven regions of China, between July 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2016. The overall, region-specific, age-specific and type-specific prevalence of HPV infection were calculated, respectively. The pattern of HPV infection was also evaluated. Furthermore, rate ratio was calculated to evaluate the co-infection preference of any two HPV genotypes. Results: The overall prevalence of 27 HPVs' [17 high-risk (hr)/10 low-risk (lr)] infection was 23.5%. The age-specific HPV prevalence showed a "U-shaped" pattern. The most prevalent hrHPV genotypes were 16, 52, and 58. Multiple infections were detected in 25.8% of the HPV-positive women, in which dual infection was more prevalent. HPV 16/18 were likely to co-infected with HPV 31 but unlikely with HPV 52/58, i.e., the co-infection of HPV 16 with HPV 31 was high (3.5-fold), but low for HPV 58 (1.8-fold), and 52 (1.2-fold), while the co-infection of HPV 18 with HPV 31 was high (4.3-fold), but low for HPV 52 (1.9-fold), and 58 (1.7-fold). Conclusions: We found age-specific prevalence of HPV infection showed a "U-shaped" pattern for high and low risk HPV, suggesting the importance of screening among younger women and the necessary of detection among older women. We found a novel co-infection preference of HPV 16/18 with 31, 52, and 58, suggesting a need of developing and marketing prophylactic HPV vaccines that protect against more genotypes in China.
29.	Lin, Yingying, et al. (author) Arsenic trioxide is a novel agent for combination therapy to prolong heart allograft survival in allo-primed T cells transferred mice 2011 In: Transplant Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5492 .- 0966-3274. ; 25:4, s. 194-201 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Alloreactive memory T cells are major barriers to transplantation acceptance due to their capacity to accelerate rejection. Here, we investigated the effects of combined treatment with arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) and blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD154 and LFA-1 (anti-CD154/LFA-1) on graft survival as well as changes in pathology and immunological responses in mice with adoptively transferred allo-primed T cells. The mean survival time (MST) for the cardiac allografts in recipient mice receiving the combination of As(2)O(3) and anti-CD154/LFA-1 was significantly longer (>113.7 days) compared to those receiving anti-CD154/LFA-1 (232 days), As(2)O(3) (12.5 days) alone or no treatment (5.5 days). This combined strategy distinctly inhibited lymphocyte infiltration in grafts, proliferation of splenic T cells and the generation of memory T cells in spleens. Moreover, the combined treatment caused the significant down-regulation of IL-2 and IFN-gamma accompanied by increased expression of TGF-beta and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in spleens, which led to long-term cardiac allograft survival in recipient mice. These results highlight the potential application of As(2)O(3) and its contribution in combination therapy with antibody blockade to delay rejection by memory T cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
30.	Myers, RM, et al. (author) A user's guide to the encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) 2011 In: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1545-7885. ; 9:4, s. e1001046- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
31.	Qiu, Min, et al. (author) Nanostructured plasmonic devices and their applications 2013 In: 2013 IEEE 6th International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology, ICAIT 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781479904655 ; , s. 79-80 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract In this talk, we will review our recent works on nanostructured plasmonic devices, and their applications in high performance light absorption, photothermal effects, and partly in photonic integrations.
32.	Qiu, Min, et al. (author) Photothermal effects in a plasmonic metamaterial structure 2011 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Heat generation due to photothermal effects in plasmonic nanostructures have generated many important applications, due to the strong enhancement of light absorption through plasmonic resonance at visible and near-infrared region. In this talk, we review our recent experimental efforts on photothermal effects in a metamaterial nanostructure, which has an ultrasensitive heating response owing to plasmonic resonance. We observed close-to-instantaneous fusion and re-shaping of the nanoparticles with a nanosecond pulse train. The generated heat profile has a subwavelength resolution, and the resonance wavelength can be in principle tailored to arbitrary wavelength region by choosing an appropriate geometry for the resonator structure.
33.	Qiu, Min, et al. (author) Plasmonic enhanced photothermal effects and its applications 2014 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract We review here our recent studies on plasmonic enhanced photothermal effects in metallic nanostructure, and the applications of such effects. When light is shined on a prefect metamaterial absorber patterned with e-beam lithography, the gold nanoparticles (NPs) forming the absorber can be either transformed to nano-spherical-domes, or to truncated-octahedral shaped or multi-twined nanocrystals with large crystal grain sizes and flat boundary facets. The evolution of morphology and crystallinity of the gold NPs can be also observed. Evidences clearly show that the surface melting and the coalescence mechanism play a key role on nanocrystals formation. These melted gold nanospheres can even be transferred to another substrate, on which the transferred NPs exhibit excellent size uniformity. The strong photothermal effects can also be utilized to tune silicon photonics waveguides and resonators. It is shown that all-optical photothermal switching of Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI), silicon disk resonators, and silicon ring resonators is possible with the help of plasmonic nanoheaters. The switching response time and power consumption are all at reasonably low level.
34.	Shao, Wei, et al. (author) CD44/CD70 blockade and anti-CD154/LFA-1 treatment synergistically suppress accelerated rejection and prolong cardiac allograft survival in mice. 2011 In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 74, s. 430-437 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Current treatments that are efficient in controlling effector T cells responses to allografts have limited efficacy on the accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells. Effective targeting of alloreactive memory T cells may therefore be explored to improve therapeutic approaches towards solving this problem. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of CD44/CD70 blockade and anti-CD154/LFA-1 treatment on the accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells. While CD44/CD70 blockade had limited effects on the alloresponses of effector T cells in vivo, it diminished the expansion of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells in recipients adoptively transferred with donor-sensitized T cells. In combination with anti-CD154/LFA-1 treatment, CD44/CD70 blockade significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival in adoptive transfer recipients. We demonstrated that treatment with the combination of all four antibodies (anti-CD154/LFA-1/CD44/CD70) inhibited accelerated rejection by markedly suppressing the alloresponses of effector and memory T cells and reducing the number of graft-inﬁltration lymphocytes in adoptive transfer recipients. Meanwhile, CD44/CD70 blockade and anti-CD154/LFA-1 treatment synergically enhanced regulatory T cells (Tregs) by increasing the proportion of splenic Tregs and the expression of IL-10 in these recipients. Our findings contribute to the potential design of therapies for accelerated allograft rejection.
35.	Shi, Yuechun, et al. (author) All-optical switching of silicon disk resonator based on photothermal effect in metal-insulator-metal absorber 2014 In: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 39:15, s. 4431-4434 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Efficient narrowband light absorption by a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure can lead to high-speed light-to-heat conversion at a micro-or nanoscale. Such a MIM structure can serve as a heater for achieving all-optical light control based on the thermo-optical (TO) effect. Here we experimentally fabricated and characterized a novel all-optical switch based on a silicon microdisk integrated with a MIM light absorber. Direct integration of the absorber on top of the microdisk reduces the thermal capacity of the whole device, leading to high-speed TO switching of the microdisk resonance. The measurement result exhibits a rise time of 2.0 mu s and a fall time of 2.6 mu s with switching power as low as 0.5 mW; the product of switching power and response time is only about 1.3 mW.mu s. Since no auxiliary elements are required for the heater, the switch is structurally compact, and its fabrication is rather easy. The device potentially can be deployed for new kinds of all-optical applications.
36.	Shi, Yuechun, et al. (author) All-optical switching of silicon disk resonator based on photothermal effect in metal–insulator–metal absorber 2014 In: Optics Letters. - : Optica Publishing Group. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 39:15, s. 4431-4434 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Efficient narrowband light absorption by a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure can lead to high-speed light-to-heat conversion at a micro- or nanoscale. Such a MIM structure can serve as a heater for achieving all-optical light control based on the thermo-optical (TO) effect. Here we experimentally fabricated and characterized a novel all-optical switch based on a silicon microdisk integrated with a MIM light absorber. Direct integration of the absorber on top of the microdisk reduces the thermal capacity of the whole device, leading to high-speed TO switching of the microdisk resonance. The measurement result exhibits a rise time of 2.0 μs and a fall time of 2.6 μs with switching power as low as 0.5 mW; the product of switching power and response time is only about 1.3 mW·μs1.3 mW·μs. Since no auxiliary elements are required for the heater, the switch is structurally compact, and its fabrication is rather easy. The device potentially can be deployed for new kinds of all-optical applications.
37.	Singh, Vijay P., et al. (author) Nitro-, Azo-, and Amino Derivatives of Ebselen : Synthesis, Structure, and Cytoprotective Effects 2017 In: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 82:1, s. 313-321 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Novel azo-bis-ebselen compounds 7 were prepared by reduction of 7-nitro-2-aryl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)ones 3 and 6 with sodium benzenetellurolate; NaTeC6H5, and by reaction of 2-bromo-3-nitrobenzamides with Na2Se2. The X-ray structure of 7b showed that the molecule, due to strong intramolecular secondary Se center dot center dot center dot N interactions, is completely planar. Azo-compounds 7 upon further reaction with NaTeC6H5 were reductively cleaved to provide 2 equiv of the corresponding aromatic amine. The weak Se-N bond was not stable enough to survive the reaction conditions, and diselenides 8 were isolated after workup. Whereas azo-bis-ebselens 7 were poor mimics of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-enzymes, nitroebselens 3, 6, and 11b and diselenides 8 were 3-6-fold more active than ebselen. Based on Se-77 NMR. spectroscopy, a catalytic cycle for diselenide 8b, involving aminoebselen 14, was proposed. As assessed by chemiluminescence measurements, the good GPx-mimics could reduce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stimulated human mononuclear cells more efficiently than Trolox. No toxic effects of the, compounds were seen in MC3T3-cells at 25 mu M.
38.	Sun, Xu, 1987-, et al. (author) All-Optical Switching Using a Hybrid Plasmonic Donut Resonator With Photothermal Absorber 2016 In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 28:15, s. 1609-1612 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A novel hybrid plasmonic (HP) donut resonator integrated with a photothermal plasmonic absorber has been developed, which can be used as a compact all-optical switch or modulator. The radius of the fabricated HP donut resonator is 1.8 mu m, with a resonant wavelength around 1550 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) around 600. The photothermal plasmonic absorber is directly integrated above the HP device, which can absorb as much as 75% of impinging optical power at 1064 nm wavelength. Since the absorber is in tight contact to the Si ridge of the HP waveguide, the absorbed optical power can efficiently heat up the Si ridge, and hence change the resonant wavelength of the HP donut resonator by Si thermal expansion effect. Experimental results show that the power used for 15 dB amplitude switch is only 10 mW, with rise and fall response times around 18 and 14 mu s, respectively.
39.	Wang, Guo-Dong, et al. (author) Out of southern East Asia : the natural history of domestic dogs across the world 2016 In: Cell Research. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1001-0602 .- 1748-7838. ; 26:1, s. 21-33 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The origin and evolution of the domestic dog remains a controversial question for the scientific community, with basic aspects such as the place and date of origin, and the number of times dogs were domesticated, open to dispute. Using whole genome sequences from a total of 58 canids (12 gray wolves, 27 primitive dogs from Asia and Africa, and a collection of 19 diverse breeds from across the world), we find that dogs from southern East Asia have significantly higher genetic diversity compared to other populations, and are the most basal group relating to gray wolves, indicating an ancient origin of domestic dogs in southern East Asia 33 000 years ago. Around 15 000 years ago, a subset of ancestral dogs started migrating to the Middle East, Africa and Europe, arriving in Europe at about 10 000 years ago. One of the out of Asia lineages also migrated back to the east, creating a series of admixed populations with the endemic Asian lineages in northern China before migrating to the New World. For the first time, our study unravels an extraordinary journey that the domestic dog has traveled on earth.
40.	Wang, Jing, et al. (author) Photothermal fusion of gold nanoparticles in a plasmonic metamaterial Journal article (other academic/artistic)
41.	Wang, Jing, et al. (author) Photothermal reshaping of gold nanoparticles in a plasmonic absorber 2011 In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 19:15, s. 14726-14734 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We experimentally demonstrate that a metamaterial nanostructure can have a localized heating response owing to plasmonic resonances in the near-infrared wavelength range (from 1.5 to 2 mu m). With a broadband nanosecond-pulse light, the temperature of composing gold particles in the nanostructure can be easily increased to over 900K within only several nanoseconds, resulting in re-shaping of the particles. The photothermal effect is elaborated with finite-element based numerical simulations. The absorption resonance can in principle be tailored with a great freedom by choosing appropriate metamaterial parameters. The light-induced heating in an artificial metamaterial can be potentially used for all-optical acute temperature tuning in a micro-environment, which may open new frontiers especially in nanotechnology and biotechnology.
42.	Wang, Jing, et al. (author) Photothermal reshaping of gold nanoparticles in a plasmonic absorber 2011 In: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 19:15, s. 14726-14734 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We experimentally demonstrate that a metamaterial nanostructure can have a localized heating response owing to plasmonic resonances in the near-infrared wavelength range (from 1.5 to 2µm). With a broadband nanosecond-pulse light, the temperature of composing gold particles in the nanostructure can be easily increased to over 900K within only several nanoseconds, resulting in re-shaping of the particles. The photothermal effect is elaborated with finite-element based numerical simulations. The absorption resonance can in principle be tailored with a great freedom by choosing appropriate metamaterial parameters. The light-induced heating in an artificial metamaterial can be potentially used for all-optical acute temperature tuning in a micro-environment, which may open new frontiers especially in nanotechnology and biotechnology.
43.	Xi, B, et al. (author) Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12-15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries 2016 In: The Lancet. Global health. - 2214-109X. ; 4:11, s. E795-E805 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
44.	Yan, SM, et al. (author) Reduced expression of ZDHHC2 is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma 2013 In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:2, s. e56366- Journal article (peer-reviewed)
45.	Yan, Ying, et al. (author) Experimental implementation of precisely tailored light-matter interaction via inverse engineering 2021 In: npj Quantum Information. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-6387. ; 7:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Accurate and efficient quantum control in the presence of constraints and decoherence is a requirement and a challenge in quantum information processing. Shortcuts to adiabaticity, originally proposed to speed up the slow adiabatic process, have nowadays become versatile toolboxes for preparing states or controlling the quantum dynamics. Unique shortcut designs are required for each quantum system with intrinsic physical constraints, imperfections, and noise. Here, we implement fast and robust control for the state preparation and state engineering in a rare-earth ions system. Specifically, the interacting pulses are inversely engineered and further optimized with respect to inhomogeneities of the ensemble and the unwanted interaction with other qubits. We demonstrate that our protocols surpass the conventional adiabatic schemes, by reducing the decoherence from the excited-state decay and inhomogeneous broadening. The results presented here are applicable to other noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems.
46.	Yan, Ying, et al. (author) Inverse engineering of shortcut pulses for high fidelity initialization on qubits closely spaced in frequency 2019 In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 27:6, s. 8267-8282 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract High-fidelity qubit initialization is of significance for efficient error correction in fault tolerant quantum algorithms. Combining two best worlds, speed and robustness, to achieve high-fidelity state preparation and manipulation is challenging in quantum systems, where qubits are closely spaced in frequency. Motivated by the concept of shortcut to adiabaticity, we theoretically propose the shortcut pulses via inverse engineering and further optimize the pulses with respect to systematic errors in frequency detuning and Rabi frequency. Such protocol, relevant to frequency selectivity, is applied to rare-earth ions qubit system, where the excitation of frequency-neighboring qubits should be prevented as well. Furthermore, comparison with adiabatic complex hyperbolic secant pulses shows that these dedicated initialization pulses can reduce the time that ions spend in the excited state by a factor of 6, which is important in coherence time limited systems to approach an error rate manageable by quantum error correction. The approach may also be applicable to superconducting qubits, and any other systems where qubits are addressed in frequency.
47.	Yi, Shuming, et al. (author) A vision-based human-robot collaborative system for digital twin 2022 In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 552-557 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Flexible and safe human-robot collaboration depends on accurately capturing the three-dimensional motion of humans and robots in the field of smart manufacturing. In this paper, a novel approach to developing a human-robot collaborative assembly system is proposed and applied to the field of digital twins. Within the context, a deep learning-based model is explored to develop a depth camera-based human recognition system for accurate prediction of key points for human skeletons model and high-precision human localisation in a human-robot collaborative setting. After the functional mapping of robot calibration, a collision warning module leverages coordinates of key human-robot points to facilitate efficient and safe human-robot collaborative assembly.
48.	Yi, Shuming, et al. (author) Safety-aware human-centric collaborative assembly 2024 In: Advanced Engineering Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1474-0346 .- 1873-5320. ; 60 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Manufacturing systems envisioned for factories of the future will promote human-centricity for close collaboration in a shared working environment towards better overall productivity within the context of Industry 5.0. Robust and accurate recognition and prediction of human intentions are crucial to reliable and safe collaborative operations between humans and robots. For this purpose, this paper proposed a safety-aware human-centric collaborative assembly approach driven by function blocks, human action recognition for intention detection, and collision avoidance for safe robot control. Within the context, a deep learning-based recognition system is developed for high-accuracy human intention recognition and prediction, and an assembly feature-based approach driven by function blocks is presented for assembly execution and control. Thus, assembly features and human behaviours during assembly are formulated to support safe assembly actions. Skeleton-based human behaviours are defined as control inputs to an adaptive safety-aware scheme. The scheme includes collaborative and parallel mode-based pre-warning and obstacle avoidance approaches for a human-centric collaborative assembly system. The former is to monitor and regulate robot control modes when working in parallel with humans, and the latter uses a position-based approach to control robot actions by adaptively adjusting obstacle avoidance trajectories in a dynamic collaborative environment. The findings of this paper reveal the effectiveness of the developed system, as experimentally validated through an engine-assembly case study.
49.	Zhang, R. -X, et al. (author) Study on particle size distribution of debris in electrical discharge machining of deep narrow slots 2020 In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2212-8271. ; , s. 476-481 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Deep narrow slot (DNS) structures can be used in heat-dissipating fins of die-casting molds, grooves in flexible joints of gyros, and slots for inserts in tire molds. However, debris accumulation in the gap makes EDM process unstable and time-consuming, resulting in that slots with high aspect ratio are difficult to achieve. Various methods, such as flushing and electrode jumping, have been used to help evacuate debris and have achieved good results. Nevertheless, these methods treat debris with no distinction under the fact that some debris can naturally leave the gap with bubbles and fluid while the others cannot. This study aims to find out the difference between the easy-to-leave debris and the difficult-to-leave debris from the perspective of the particle size distribution of debris. Factors including currents, machining depths and electrode thicknesses, are studied on their influences on the particle size distribution of debris. In this paper, a laser particle analyzer (LPA) is used to obtain the statistical particle size distribution of debris, while a scanning electronic microscopy is used to observe and record the particle morphology and measure the particle diameters of partial debris. The knowledge of the difference in debris may help seek targeted ways to expel easy-to-leave debris and difficult-to-leave debris.
50.	Zhang, Zengxin, et al. (author) Evaluating the non-stationary relationship between precipitation and streamflow in nine major basins of China during the past 50 years 2011 In: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 409:1-2, s. 81-93 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In this paper, the trends of the annual streamflow and precipitation and cross correlations between them were analyzed in nine large river basins of China during 1956-2005. The results indicate that: (1) the annual mean streamflow decreases in arid and semi-arid regions of north China; however, increasing trends occur in south and Southwest China; (2) the annual streamflow and precipitation exhibit reasonable correlation in nine large river basins except those located in inland areas. The annual streamflow over most areas of China is fed by precipitation; however, the decline in streamflow is faster than the decreases of precipitation since 1970s in the arid and semi-arid regions of north China. The relationship between the annual precipitation and streamflow presents a non-stationary state in north China. This non-stationary relationship is strongly influenced by both human activities and precipitation changes; (3) a significant increase of water use might be the major factor responsible for the steeper decline in streamflow than in precipitation in Haihe River, Yellow River and Songliao River basins in north China. In inland river areas, increase of water use and actual evapotranspiration might result in decline in streamflow although precipitation has an increase tendency. This paper sheds light on the non-stationary relationship between annual precipitation and streamflow and possible underlying causes, which will be helpful for a better understanding of the changes of precipitation and streamflow in China at large scale and in other regions of the world.

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