| 1. |
- Xu, Nan, et al.
(author)
-
Global optimization energy management for multi-energy source vehicles based on "Information layer - Physical layer - Energy layer- Dynamic programming" (IPE-DP)
- 2022
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 312
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To reveal the energy-saving mechanisms of global energy management, we propose a global optimization framework of "information layer-physical layer-energy layer-dynamic programming " (IPE-DP), which can realize the unity of different information scenarios, different vehicle configurations and energy conversions. The deterministic dynamic programing (DP) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) are taken as the core algorithms. As a benchmark for assessing the optimality, DP strategy has four main challenges: standardization, real-time application, accuracy, and satisfactory drivability. To solve the above problems, the IPE-DP optimization framework is established, which consists of three main layers, two interface layers and an application layer. To be specific, the full-factor trip information is acquired from three scenarios in the information layer, and then the feasible work modes of the vehicle are determined in the physical layer based on the proposed conservation framework of "kinetic/potential energy & onboard energy ". The above lays a foundation for the optimal energy distribution in the energy layer. Then, a global domain-searching algorithm and action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) model are developed for different information acquisition scenarios to obtain the optimal solution. To improve the computational efficiency under the deterministic information, a fast DP is developed based on the statistical rules of DP behavior, the core of which is to restrict the exploring region based on a reference SOC trajectory. Regarding the stochastic trip information, the ADHDP model is established, including determining the utility function, network design and training process. Finally, two case studies are given to compare the economic performance of the vehicle under different information acquisition scenarios, which lays a foundation for analyzing the relationship between the amount of information input and energy-saving potential of the vehicle. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method gains a better performance in both real-time performance and global optimality.
|
|
| 2. |
- Yan, Jinyue, et al.
(author)
-
CO2 capture with the absorbent of a mixed ionic liquid and amine solution considering the effects of SO2 and O2
- 2017
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 194, s. 9-18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been proposed as a potential candidate for CO2 capture. In this study, experiments were conducted in an absorption-desorption loop system to investigate the effects of SO2 and O2 on CO2 capture using an aqueous amine solution mixed with IL. The gas mixture containing CO2, O2, SO2 and N2 in the composition range of flue gas from a coal-fired power plant after flue gas desulfurization was selected as the feed gas. It was found that the addition of hydrophilic IL of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) to a monoethanolamine (MEA) aqueous solution reduced the losses of MEA and water by lowering the saturated vapour pressure of the mixed absorbent. For hydrophobic IL of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), the MEA loss for 30 wt% MEA + 70 wt% [hmim][Tf2N] increased dramatically with the system running because carbonate, which was formed by MEA reacting with CO2, was insoluble in [hmim][Tf2N] at the absorber operation temperature of 323 K. The effects of O2 and SO2 were relatively insignificant for the MEA and water losses. The aqueous amine solution mixed with [bmim][BF4] showed good performances with a CO2 removal efficiency of above 90% and the SO2 concentration at the absorber outlet below 20 ppb. No obvious IL loss was detected. For the absorbent of 30 wt% MEA + 50 wt% [bmim][BF4] + 20 wt% H2O, the thermal energy consumption for absorbent regeneration is 33.8% lower than that of the aqueous MEA solution.
|
|
| 3. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(author)
-
Can Solar Energy be an Alternative Choice of Milk Production in Dairy Farms? : -A Case study of Integrated PVWP System with Alfalfa and Milk Production in Dairy Farms in China
- 2017
-
In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2016; Beijing; China; 8 October 2016 through 11 October 2016. - : Elsevier. ; 105, s. 3953-3959
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As China's dairy consumption grows, both the domestic milk production and the importation of dairy products are increasing to meet market demands. The objective of this study was to quantify electricity usage and cost of milk production with data analysis of dairy farms and evaluate the potential alternative energy supply-solar energy generated by PV water pumping system (PVWP). We collected data in milk production processes from 11 dairy farms in China. By selecting the optimal dairy farm, we simulate the scenario of solar power generation with PVWP system to provide power both for milk and alfalfa production. With estimations of electricity saving, economic cost saving and CO2 saving on every kg milk produced under PVWP system, we conclude that scenario PVWP with alfalfa and milk production can results in value add-ins, new sources of revenue, energy supply and emission reductions.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bai, Fan, et al.
(author)
-
Application of similarity theory in modeling the output characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
- 2021
-
In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 46:74, s. 36940-36953
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has attracted widespread interest. In the present work, similarity analysis is adopted for a three-dimensional single-phase isothermal model of PEMFC to derive similarity criteria. Seven kinds of input criteria (Pi(1) similar to Pi(7)) are obtained, relevant to the fluid flow, pressure drop, flow resistance in a porous medium, activity loss, diffusion mass transfer, convective mass transfer and ohmic loss in PEMFC respectively. Dimensionless voltage and dimensionless current density are defined as two output criteria. Numerical verifications show that if the seven criteria keep their individual values with their components vary in a wide range, the dimensionless polarization curves keep the same with a deviation about 1%, showing the validity and feasibility of the present analysis. From the effect on the dimensionless polarization curve, sensibility analysis shows that the seven criteria can be divided into three categories: strong (Pi(4) and Pi(7), -94.9% similar to +349.2%), mild to minor (Pi(5) and Pi(6), -4.5% similar to +5.0%), and negligible (Pi(1), Pi(2) and Pi(3), -1.2% similar to +1.1%). The similarity analysis approach can greatly save computation time in modeling the output characteristics of PEMFC. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bai, Q., et al.
(author)
-
Experimental investigation on the solidification behavior of phase change materials in open-cell metal foams
- 2017
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 3703-3708
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presented an experimental investigation on solidification behavior of fluid saturated in highly porous open-cell copper foams. Particular attention has been made on the effect of pore parameters (pore density and porosity) on the solidification behavior. A purposely-designed apparatus was built for experimental observations. Results showed that the copper foam had a great effect on solidification and the full solidification time can be saved up to 50%, especially preventing the decrease in solidification rate during the later stage of phase change. The smaller the porosity is, the faster the solidification rate will be. Pore density was found to have little influence upon the solidification rate. In addition, the local natural convection does exist but it has a slight effect on solidification, leading to the slant of the solid-liquid interface.
|
|
| 6. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Managing agricultural drought in Sweden using a novel spatially-explicit model from the perspective of water-food-energy nexus
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 197, s. 1382-1393
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using a multi-disciplinary approach, this paper integrated spatial analysis with agricultural and energy system modelling to assess the impacts of drought on crop water demand, water availability, crop yield, and electricity requirements for irrigation. This was done by a novel spatially-explicit and integrated water-food-energy nexus model, using the spatial climatic data generated by the mesoscale MESAN and STRANG models. In this study, the model was applied to quantify the effects of drought on the Swedish irrigation sector in 2013, a typical drought year, for a specific crop. The results show that drought can severely affect the crop yield if irrigation is not applied, with a peak yield reduction of 18 t/ha, about 50 % loss as compared to the potential yield in irrigated conditions. Accordingly, the water and energy requirements for irrigation to halt the negative drought effects and maintain high yields are significant, with the peaks up to 350 mm and 700 kWh per hectare. The developed model can be used to provide near real-time guidelines for a comprehensive drought management system. The model also has significant potentials for applications in precision agriculture, especially using high-resolution satellite data.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gao, X., et al.
(author)
-
Experimental investigation of the cubic thermal energy storage unit with coil tubes
- 2017
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. ; 142, s. 3709-3714
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presented experimental investigations on the thermal performance of a thermal energy storage (TES) unit with coil tubes. A designed test rig was built and the melting heat transfer characteristics (melting front and temperature distribution) inside the TES unit were examined. The effects of charging flow rate on the overall phase change process were examined. The results showed that natural convection accelerated the thermal energy transport in the melt phase in the top region, but weakened the heat transfer in the bottom region; this resulted in the unmelt PCM at the bottom. The melting heat transfer was overall enhanced by the increase in inlet flow rate, indicating that the full charging time can be shortened by a larger flow rate.
|
|
| 8. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Feasibility study about using a stand-alone wind power driven heat pump for space heating
- 2018
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 228, s. 1486-1498
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reducing energy consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy in the building sector are crucial to the mitigation of climate change. Wind power driven heat pumps have been considered as a sustainable measure to supply heat to the detached houses, especially those that even do not have access to the electricity grid. This work is to investigate the dynamic performance of a heat pump system driven by wind turbine through dynamic simulations. In order to understand the influence on the thermal comfort, which is the primary purpose of space heating, the variation of indoor temperature has been simulated in details. Results show that the wind turbine is not able to provide the electricity required by the heat pump during the heating season due to the intermittent characteristic of wind power. To improve the system performance, the influences of the capacity of wind turbine, the size of battery and the setpoint of indoor temperature were assessed. It is found that increasing the capacity of wind turbines is not necessary to reduce the loss of load probability; while on the contrary, increasing the size of battery can always reduce the loss of load probability. The setpoint temperature clearly affects the loss of load probability. A higher setpoint temperature results in a higher loss of thermal comfort probability. In addition, it is also found that the time interval used in the dynamic simulation has significant influence on the result. In order to have more accurate results, it is of great importance to choose a high resolution time step to capture the dynamic behaviour of the heat supply and its effect on the indoor temperature.
|
|
| 9. |
- Li, Hailong, et al.
(author)
-
Impurity impacts on the purification process in oxy-fuel combustion based CO2 capture and storage system
- 2009
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 86:2, s. 202-213
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Based on the requirements of CO2 transportation and storage, non-condensable gases, such as O-2, N-2 and At should be removed from the CO2-stream captured from an oxy-fuel combustion process. For a purification process, impurities have great impacts on the design, operation and optimization through their impacts on the thermodynamic properties of CO2-streams. Study results show that the increments of impurities will make the energy consumption of purification increase: and make CO2 purity of separation product and CO2 recovery rate decrease, In addition, under the same operating conditions, energy consumptions have different sensitivities to the variation of the impurity mole fraction of feed fluids. The isothermal compression work is more sensitive to the variation of SO2: while the isentropic compression work is more sensitive to the variation of Ar. In the flash system, the energy consumption of condensation in is more sensitive to the variation of Ar; but in the distillation system, the energy consumption of condensation is more sensitive to the variation of SO2, and CO2 purity of separation is more sensitive to the variation of SO2.
|
|
| 10. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(author)
-
Performance of flue gas quench and its influence on biomass fueled CHP
- 2019
-
In: Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 180, s. 934-945
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For biomass/waste fueled power plants, stricter regulations require a further reduction of the negative impacts on the environment caused by the release of pollutants and withdrawal of fresh water externally. Flue gas quench (FGQ) is playing an important role in biomass or waste fueled combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as it can link the flue gas (FG) cleaning, energy recovery and wastewater treatment. Enhancing water evaporation can benefit the concentrating of pollutant in the quench water; however, when FG condenser (FGC) is not in use, it results in a large consumption of fresh water. In order to deeply understand the operation of FGQ a mathematic model was developed and validated against the measurements. Based on simulation results key parameters affecting FGQ have been identified, such as the flow rate and temperature of recycling water and the moisture content of FG. A guideline about how to reduce the discharge of wastewater to the external and the withdrawal of external water can be proposed. The mathematic model was also implemented into an ASPEN Plus model about a CHP plant to assess the impacts of FGQ on CHP. Results show that when the FGC was running, increasing the flow rate and decreasing the temperature of recycling water can result in a lower total energy efficiency.
|
|
| 11. |
- Nookuea, Worrada, et al.
(author)
-
Viscosity Data of Aqueous MDEA-[Bmim][BF4] Solutions Within Carbon Capture Operating Conditions
- 2017
-
In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE2016, 8-11 October 2016, Beijing, China. - : Elsevier. ; 105, s. 4581-4586
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Post-combustion capture with chemical absorption shows higher potential for commercial scale application compared with other technologies. To capture CO2 from the industrial and power plant's flue gases, aqueous alkanolamine solutions are widely used. However, several drawbacks from utilizing the aqueous alkanolamines such as MEA still need to be solved. For example, alkanolamine solutions require intensive energy for regeneration and cause severe corrosion to the equipment though they have high reactivity in capturing CO2. Ionic liquids have been of interest in the recent development of chemical absorption according to their unique characteristics including wide liquid range, negligible volatility and thermal stability. However, due to their high price, high viscosity and low absorption capacity compared to alkanolamines, ionic liquids are still non-desirable for industrial applications. One possible solution to improve the performance of ionic liquids is to use mixtures of ionic liquids and alkanolamines. For a better understanding of the absorption using the mixture of aqueous alkanolamines and ionic liquids, the knowledge of thermo-physical properties of the solutions, especially the viscosity and density are of importance. This paper reports the measured viscosity of MDEA-[Bmim][BF4] aqueous mixtures at various temperatures and concentrations. It was found that the viscosity increase with an increase in [Bmim][BF4] concentration, but decrease with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the impact of temperature on the viscosity is more significant at low temperature range.
|
|
| 12. |
- Salman, Chaudhary Awais, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
A polygeneration process for heat, power and DME production by integrating gasification with CHP plant : Modelling and simulation study
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applied Energy. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 1749-1758
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biofuels are a good substitute for the transport sector petroleum fuels to minimize carbon footprint and greenhouse gases emissions. Di-Methyl Ether (DME) is one such alternative with properties similar to liquefied petroleum gas but with lower SOx, NOx, and particulate emissions. In this work, a polygeneration process, integrating an existing combined heat and power (CHP) plant with biomass gasification to synthesize DME, is proposed and modelled. Process integration is based on a hypothesis that the CHP plant provides the necessary heat to run the co-located gasification plant for DME synthesis and the waste heat from the gasification process is recovered and transferred to the CHP plant. The feed for gasification is taken as refuse derived fuel (RDF) instead of conventional wood derived biomass. The process integration leads to higher overall combined efficiency (up to 71%) which is greater than stand-alone efficiencies (up to 63%) but lower than stand-alone CHP plant efficiency (73.2%). The further technical evaluation shows that the efficiency of the polygeneration process is depends heavily on the gasifier capacity integrated with the existing CHP plant and also on the conversion route selected for DME synthesis i.e. recycling of unconverted syngas to the DME reactor or transferring it to the boiler of the CHP plant. The simulation results also indicate that once-through conversion yields less DME than recycling, but at the same time, once-through conversion affects the district heat and electric power production of the CHP plant lesser than by using the recycling route.
|
|
| 13. |
- Wang, Fengjuan, et al.
(author)
-
Physical–cyber–human framework‐based resilience evaluation toward urban power system: Case study from China
- 2024
-
In: Risk Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0272-4332 .- 1539-6924.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Because the increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events have significantly challenged power systems, there has been an increased interest in resilient power systems. This article establishes a multicriteria resilience evaluation framework for urban power systems from a physical-cyber-human system perspective, in which the two principal elements responsible for power system function degradation are described, the three major domains comprising urban power systems are explained, four core capacities that positively contribute to power system resilience are proposed, and 15 (11 objective and four subjective) power system resilience evaluation indicators are identified. Fuzzy hesitant judgment and a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) aggregation method are employed to minimize the expert divergence and maximize the group consensus. A validation method is designed and a comparison with commonly applied performance-based and attributes-based evaluation methods is conducted. The applicability of the evaluation framework is verified using data from four Chinese municipalities: Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, and Tianjin. It was found that Shanghai's resilience was the best, and Chongqing's physical resistance disadvantages would result in the greatest difficulties in coping with extreme event disturbances. Physical, cyber, and human domain resilience enhancement strategies are given for different cities separately. This study provides a practical tool to evaluate, compare, and enhance power system resilience for governments and public utilities.
|
|
| 14. |
- Yan, Jie, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-stage transport and logistic optimization for the mobilized and distributed battery
- 2019
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 196, s. 261-276
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High share of variable renewable energy is challenging to the traditional power system technically and economically. This calls for a significant increase to the system flexibility, which might result in the costs associated with energy storage and costly upgrades to the traditional transmission and distribution system. This paper presents a multi-stage battery transportation and logistics optimization method to increase the renewable energy consumptions, economics, and mobilities of the battery utilization. A new approach is proposed in which the batteries are charged in the renewable power plants and transported back and forth by railways between the renewable power plants and cities. Based on the forecasts of battery supplies/demands, multiple optimization stages (full train transport and carpooling) are designed by the branch-and-bound algorithm and genetic algorithm respectively. The proposed battery transportation and logistics concept and model are performed using the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China as an example. The results show that the levelized cost of energy of the battery transportation and logistics model is $0.045/kWh averagely. Also, by the use of mobilized batteries, the proposed battery transportation and logistics model increases the system flexibilities and renewable energy deliveries to the end users without the reinforcement of transmission and distribution system and any constraint from a highly penetrated power system.
|
|
| 15. |
- Yan, Y., et al.
(author)
-
Roadmap to hybrid offshore system with hydrogen and power co-generation
- 2021
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 247
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Constrained by the expansion of the power grid, the development of offshore wind farms may be hindered and begin to experience severe curtailment or restriction. The combination of hydrogen production through electrolysis and hydrogen-to-power is considered to be a potential option to achieve the goal of low-carbon and energy security. This work investigates the competitiveness of different system configurations to export hydrogen and/or electricity from offshore plants, with particular emphasis on unloading the mixture of hydrogen and electricity to end-users on land. Including the levelized energy cost and net present value, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment method is proposed to analyze the offshore system for five scenarios. Assuming that the baseline distance is 10 km, the results show that exporting hydrogen to land through pipelines shows the best economic performance with the levelized energy cost of 3.40 $/kg. For every 10 km increase in offshore distance, the net present value of the project will be reduced by 5.69 MU$, and the project benefit will be positive only when the offshore distance is less than 53.5 km. An important finding is that the hybrid system under ship transportation mode is not greatly affected by the offshore distance. Every 10% increase in the proportion of hydrogen in the range of 70%–100% can increase the net present value by 1.43–1.70 MU$, which will increase by 7.36–7.37 MU$ under pipeline transportation mode. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to analyze the wind speed, electricity and hydrogen prices on the economic performance of these systems.
|
|
| 16. |
- Yang, Ying, et al.
(author)
-
Peak-shaving and profit-sharing model by Aggregators in residential buildings with PV- a case study in Eskilstuna, Sweden
- 2017
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. ; 142, s. 3182-3193
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nowadays, photovoltaic (PV) system combined with energy storage systems is playing increasing significant role in residential buildings in Sweden. At the same time it brings reliability problems because of the intermittency of electricity production and exceptionally distributed reservoir which is followed by the peak-valley electricity prices and power grid fluctuations. There is an increasing need for new business model and economic paradigm for a third party aggregator to bridge the gap between Power Grid and end-users. Providing the valuable electricity services at scale and breaking regulatory arbitrage, aggregators help to deliver desired levels of residents' engagements, value-added services and feasible level of unbundling of electricity market. This paper analyzes how the aggregators grab the indisputable business opportunity to interact between residents and Power Grid from the perspective of physical electricity flows and benefits share of peak-shaving. We employ a real case in Eskilstuna in Sweden to design new business model and validate using data. And the result indicates the compatibility of the aggregator service and its business model. It further sheds light on the pricing model of generated electricity by PV system, and benefits share ratio design.
|
|
| 17. |
- Zhang, Haoran, et al.
(author)
-
Urban power load profiles under ageing transition integrated with future EVs charging
- 2021
-
In: Advances in Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7924. ; 1, s. 100007-100007
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding ageing transition caused fine-grained changes of electricity profile is the significant insight for coping with future threatens in grid flexibility management. The research gaps for the hourly-basis knowledge exist due to challenges in microanalysis on user-side behavior. Based on billions of users’ behavior data, we investigated the changes on the load profiles due to population aging. We found that owing to ageing transition, the participation population in high electricity-density activities decreases by about 8%. The corresponding shift in driving behavior rises the 14% difference between peak charging load and valley. We concluded that population aging will dramatically change both the magnitude and shape of future dynamic-load profiles. Therefore, we further suggested a new solution with comprehensive and quantitative management for PVs development and the smart charging market with smooth operation of the grid in coupling the potential challenges caused by the ageing issue.
|
|
| 18. |
- Zhang, Yang, et al.
(author)
-
Energy Flexibility through the Integrated Energy Supply System in Buildings : A Case Study in Sweden
- 2018
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 564-569, s. 564-569
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The increasing penetration level of renewable energies requires more flexibility measures at the consumption side. Flexible energy prices have been placed by energy providers to promote flexibility measures from energy users. However, because of the current energy supply system in buildings, these flexible energy prices haven't been fully taken advantage of. This study focuses on the integrated energy supply system in buildings. A Swedish office building is used as the case study. The integrated energy supply system is built by installing new components, including battery, heat pump and electrical heater, and hot water tank. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems are solved to determine the optimal component capacities and operation profiles. The results indicate that all the studied system configurations achieve lower net present cost (NPC) than the current system. It suggests that the integrated energy supply system can take advantage of the flexible energy prices and lower the overall energy cost in the building. Among the studied configurations, the combination of air source heat pump (ASHP) and electrical heater (EH) has the lowest investment cost. This combination also has the lowest NPC except in the scenario with low borehole cost. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 19. |
- An, Lin, et al.
(author)
-
CO2 capture using a superhydrophobic ceramic membrane contactor
- 2015
-
In: CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. - : Elsevier. ; 75, s. 2287-2292
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wetting and fouling of membrane contactor result in performance deterioration of membrane gas absorption system for CO2 post-combustion capture of coal-fired power plants. To solve these problems, in this study, a superhydrophobic ceramic (SC) membrane contactor was fabricated by chemically modification using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctylethoxysilane (FAS) solution. The membrane contactor fabrication costs for both SC membrane and PP (polypropylene) membrane contactors per unit mass absorbed CO2 were roughly the same. However, by using the SC membrane, the detrimental effects of wetting can be alleviated by periodic drying to ensure a high CO2 removal efficiency (>90%), whereas the drying does not work for the PP membrane. The SC membrane contactor exhibited a better anti-fouling ability than the PP membrane contactor because the superhydrophobic surface featured a self-cleaning function. To ensure continuous CO2 removal with high efficiency, a method that two SC membrane contactors alternatively operate combined with periodic drying was proposed. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 20. |
- Bao, Minglei, et al.
(author)
-
Modeling and evaluating nodal resilience of multi-energy systems under windstorms
- 2020
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 270
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the growing frequency and extent of extreme weather events, the resilient operation of multi-energy systems (MESs) has drawn attention nowadays. However, there is little study on the methodology with a set of key indicators to quantify the resilience of MESs with the consideration of the impacts of extreme weather. To address the problem, this paper proposes a framework to evaluate the time-dependent resilience of MESs considering energy interactions during extreme weather events, such as windstorms. Firstly, the multi-phase performance curve is utilized to describe the response behavior of MESs at different phases under the impacts of windstorms. Secondly, a service-based optimal energy flow model is developed to minimize the consequences caused by windstorms through the coordination among different energy subsystems. In order to model the chaotic failures and restoration of components, the Monte-Carlo simulation technique is applied. Furthermore, nodal resilience metrics for different energy carriers are proposed to quantify the resilience in MESs. Numerical studies demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to quantify the resilience of MESs under windstorms. The results show that the resilience performance level of MESs can differ in different regions with the impacts of windstorms. The findings can provide a useful reference for system operators to constitute targeted resilience improvement measures.
|
|
| 21. |
- Barbarelli, S., et al.
(author)
-
CFD Investigation of the Open Center on the Performance of a Tidal Current Turbine
- 2019
-
In: Renewable Energy Integration with Mini/Microgrid. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 28-33
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present paper, a revision of the layout of an innovative open center self-balancing tidal turbine is presented. Initially, the design was characterized by a central deflector, responsible for the machine equilibrium, hosted in the central part of the machine; the presence of this device, however, affected the size of the opening. Moreover, the turbine was conceived as connected to a steel rope subject to tensile stress. These peculiarities brought some critical issues due to the excessive length of the rope and to the size of the deflector, which constrained the diameters ratio. The new design involves the possibility of reducing the anchoring line length by substituting the rope with a series of tubular elements connected by alternate heavy and light nodes. The heavy nodes can gather the anchoring line when the tides stops acting. Moreover, the light nodes are floating deflectors, which develop the same action of the central deflector, whose size, in this configuration, does not affect the equilibrium. In the new machine configuration, the main deflector is located out of the center so that it can counterbalance the torque exerted by the rotor during its rotation. Finally, by means of CFD simulations, some criteria for assessing the best diameter ratio are defined.
|
|
| 22. |
- Birgersson, K. E., et al.
(author)
-
Energy Solutions for a Sustainable World
- 2012
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 90:1, s. 1-2
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 23. |
- Budt, M., et al.
(author)
-
A review on compressed air energy storage : Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments
- 2016
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 170, s. 250-268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past decades a variety of different approaches to realize Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) have been undertaken. This article gives an overview of present and past approaches by classifying and comparing CAES processes. This classification and comparison is substantiated by a broad historical background on how CAES has evolved over time from its very beginning until its most recent advancements. A broad review on the variety of CAES concepts and compressed air storage (CAS) options is given, evaluating their individual strengths and weaknesses. The concept of exergy is applied to CAES in order to enhance the fundamental understanding of CAES. Furthermore, the importance of accurate fluid property data for the calculation and design of CAES processes is discussed. In a final outlook upcoming R&D challenges are addressed.
|
|
| 24. |
- Budt, Marcus, et al.
(author)
-
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE - AN OPTION FOR MEDIUM TO LARGE SCALE ELECTRICAL-ENERGY STORAGE
- 2016
-
In: CUE 2015 - APPLIED ENERGY SYMPOSIUM AND SUMMIT 2015. - : Elsevier. ; 88, s. 698-702
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This contribution presents the theoretical background of compressed air energy storage, examples for large scale application of this technology, chances and obstacles for its future development, and areas of research aiming at the development of commercially viable plants in the medium to large scale range.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
A gridded optimization model for photovoltaic applications
- 2020
-
In: Solar Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 202, s. 465-484
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to develop a gridded optimization model for studying photovoltaic applications in Nordic countries. The model uses the spatial and temporal data generated by the mesoscale models STRANG and MESAN developed by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The model is developed based on the comparison between five irradiance databases, three decomposition models, two transposition models, and two photovoltaic models. Several techno-economic and environmental aspects of photovoltaic systems and photovoltaic systems integrated with batteries are investigated from a spatial perspective. CM SAF SARAH-2, Engerer2, and Perez1990 have shown the best performances among the irradiance databases, and decomposition and transposition models, respectively. STRANG resulted in the second-best irradiance database to be used in Sweden for photovoltaic applications when comparing hourly global horizontal irradiance with weather station data. The developed model can be employed for carrying out further detailed gridded techno-economic assessments of photovoltaic applications and energy systems in general in Nordic countries. The model structure is generic and can be applied to every gridded climatological database worldwide.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
An economic analysis of photovoltaic water pumping irrigation systems
- 2016
-
In: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-5075 .- 1543-5083. ; 13:8, s. 831-839
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Irrigation using the photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) systems represents a sustainable and attractive solution, which can combat Chinese grassland desertification and promote a sustainable development of the agricultural sector. This paper investigates the economics of PVWP systems taking into consideration the effects of the key components on the initial capital cost (ICC), life cycle cost (LCC), and revenues. Sensitivity analyses are conducted regarding the crop yield and price, cost of photovoltaic modules, and system components included in the ICC. Results show that the cost of the PVWP system is the most sensitive parameter affecting the ICC under the assumptions made, especially the cost of the PV modules; whereas, the crop production and price affect the net present value (NPV) and payback period (PBP) clearly. The PVWP has surplus power output when the crop water demand is low or it is non-irrigation season. The potential benefit from selling the surplus electricity is also discussed. In addition, the indirect benefits of carbon sequestration and CO2 emission reduction by applying PVWP systems are addressed in this paper.
|
|
| 31. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
An open-source optimization tool for solar home systems : A case study in Namibia
- 2016
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 130:15, s. 106-118
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solar home systems (SHSs) represent a viable technical solution for providing electricity to households and improving standard of living conditions in areas not reached by the national grid or local grids. For this reason, several rural electrification programmes in developing countries, including Namibia, have been relying on SHSs to electrify rural off-grid communities. However, the limited technical know-how of service providers, often resulting in over- or under-sized SHSs, is an issue that has to be solved to avoid dissatisfaction of SHSs’ users. The solution presented here is to develop an open-source software that service providers can use to optimally design SHSs components based on the specific electricity requirements of the end-user. The aim of this study is to develop and validate an optimization model written in MS Excel-VBA which calculates the optimal SHSs components capacities guaranteeing the minimum costs and the maximum system reliability. The results obtained with the developed tool showed good agreement with a commercial software and a computational code used in research activities. When applying the developed optimization tool to existing systems, the results identified that several components were incorrectly sized. The tool has thus the potentials of improving future SHSs installations, contributing to increasing satisfaction of end-users.
|
|
| 32. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
An Open-source Platform for Simulation and Optimization of Clean Energy Technologies
- 2017
-
In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2016; Beijing; China; 8 October 2016 through 11 October 2016. - : Elsevier. ; 105, s. 946-952
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is to describe an open-source code for optimization of clean energy technologies. The model covers the whole chain of energy systems including mainly 6 areas: renewable energies, clean energy conversion technologies, mitigation technologies, intelligent energy uses, energy storage, and sustainability. Originally developed for optimization of renewable water pumping systems for irrigation, the open-source model is written in Matlab® and performs simulation, optimization, and design of hybrid power systems for off-grid and on-grid applications. The model uses genetic algorithm (GA) as optimization technique to find the best mix among power sources, storage systems, and back-up sources to minimize life cycle cost, and renewable power system reliability.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Dynamic modelling of a PV pumping system with special consideration on water demand
- 2013
-
In: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 112:SI, s. 635-645
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exploitation of solar energy in remote areas through photovoltaic (PV) systems is an attractive solution for water pumping for irrigation systems. The design of a photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) strictly depends on the estimation of the crop water requirements and land use since the water demand varies during the watering season and the solar irradiation changes time by time. It is of significance to conduct dynamic simulations in order to achieve the successful and optimal design. The aim of this paper is to develop a dynamic modelling tool for the design of a of photovoltaic water pumping system by combining the models of the water demand, the solar PV power and the pumping system, which can be used to validate the design procedure in terms of matching between water demand and water supply. Both alternate current (AC) and direct current (DC) pumps and both fixed and two-axis tracking PV array were analyzed. The tool has been applied in a case study. Results show that it has the ability to do rapid design and optimization of PV water pumping system by reducing the power peak and selecting the proper devices from both technical and economic viewpoints. Among the different alternatives considered in this study, the AC fixed system represented the best cost effective solution.
|
|
| 35. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Economic analysis of photovoltaic water pumping irrigation systems
- 2013
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Irrigation through photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) system represents one of sustainable and attractivesolutions regarding the problems related to the Chinese grassland desertification. This paper is to investigatethe economics of PVWP systems taking in consideration of the key parameters affecting the sizing, and furtherthe initial capital cost (ICC), the life cycle cost (LCC) and revenues. In particular photovoltaic (PV) modules cost,availability of the well and of the irrigation system, designing water-head, irrigated area and related waterdemand, fuel price and grass production are investigated for the sensitivity analysis. The possibility ofcombining water pumping with electricity production for maximizing benefits is also discussed. Both PVWP anddiesel water pumping (DWP) systems are compared in terms of ICC and LCC. LCC, sensitivity, break-even point(BEP), net present value (NPV) and payback period (PBP) analyses are used to compare and evaluate theeconomic feasibility of the different alternatives investigated. The results show that the availability of the welland the depth of the ground water resources are the most sensitive parameters affecting the initial capitalcosts whereas the grass production and incentives affect mainly the NPV and PBP. The co-benefits for carbonmitigation and carbon credit trading through implementing photovoltaic water pumping system for the Chinesegrassland are also addressed in this paper.
|
|
| 36. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Economic optimization of photovoltaic water pumping systems for irrigation
- 2015
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 95, s. 32-41
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photovoltaic water pumping technology is considered as a sustainable and economical solution to provide water for irrigation, which can halt grassland degradation and promote farmland conservation in China. The appropriate design and operation significantly depend on the available solar irradiation, crop water demand, water resources and the corresponding benefit from the crop sale. In this work, a novel optimization procedure is proposed, which takes into consideration not only the availability of ground-water resources and the effect of water supply on crop yield, but also the investment cost of photovoltaic water pumping system and the revenue from crop sale. A simulation model, which combines the dynamics of photovoltaic water pumping system, groundwater level, water supply, crop water demand and crop yield, is employed during the optimization. To prove the effectiveness of the new optimization approach, it has been applied to an existing photovoltaic water pumping system. Results show that the optimal configuration can guarantee continuous operations and lead to a substantial reduction of photovoltaic array size and consequently of the investment capital cost and the payback period. Sensitivity studies have been conducted to investigate the impacts of the prices of photovoltaic modules and forage on the optimization. Results show that the water resource is a determinant factor.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Li-ion batteries for peak shaving, price arbitrage, and photovoltaic self-consumption in commercial buildings : A Monte Carlo Analysis
- 2021
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 234
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the benefits of introducing Li-ion batteries as energy storage unit in the commercial sector by considering a representative building with a photovoltaic system. Only the costs and revenues related to the installation and operation of the battery are considered in this study. The operational strategy of the battery consists in balancing the following processes through day-ahead forecasts for both electricity consumption and photovoltaic production: shaving a targeted peak, performing price arbitrage, and increasing photovoltaic selfconsumption. By reviewing the electricity price cost for commercial buildings from several companies around the world, a general electricity price structure is defined. Afterwards, a Monte Carlo Analysis is applied for three locations with different solar irradiation levels to study the impact of climate, electricity price components, and other seven sensitive parameters on the economic viability of Li-ion batteries. The Monte Carlo Analysis shows that the most sensitive parameters for the net present value are the battery capacity, the battery price, and the component of the electricity price that relates to the peak power consumption. For Stockholm, one of the investigated locations, the corresponding Pearson correlation coefficients are -0.67, -0.66, and 0.19 for the case were no photovoltaic system is installed. For the considered battery operational strategies, the current investment and annual operation costs for the Li-ion battery always lead to negative net present values independently of the location. Battery prices lower than 250 US$/kWh start to manifest positive net present values when combining peak shaving, price arbitrage, and photovoltaic self-consumption. However, the integration of a photovoltaic system leads to a reduced economic viability of the battery by reducing the revenues generated by the battery while performing peak shaving.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Optimal grassland locations for sustainable photovoltaic water pumping systems in China
- 2015
-
In: CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. - : Elsevier. ; 75, s. 301-307
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Grassland is of strategic importance for food security of China because of the high number of livestock raised in those areas. Grassland degradation due to climate change and overgrazing is thus regarded as severe environmental and economic threat for a sustainable future development of China. Photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) systems for irrigation can play an important role for the conservation of grassland areas, halting degradation, improving its productivity and farmers' income and living conditions. The aim of this paper is to identify the technically suitable grassland areas for the implementation of PVWP systems by assessing spatial data on land cover and slope, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and water stress index. Furthermore, the optimal locations for installing PVWP systems have been assessed using a spatially explicit renewable energy systems optimization model based on the minimization of the cost of the whole supply chain. The results indicate that the PVWP-supported grassland areas show high potential in terms of improving forage productivity to contribute to supplying the local demand. Nevertheless, the optimal areas are highly sensitive to several environmental and economic parameters such as ground water depth, forage water requirements, forage price and CO2 emission costs. These parameters need to be carefully considered in the planning process to meet the forage yield potentials. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 45. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization and assessment of floating and floating-tracking PV systems integrated in on- and off-grid hybrid energy systems
- 2019
-
In: Solar Energy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 177, s. 782-795
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Considering the targets of Thailand in terms of renewable energy exploitation and decarbonization of the shrimp farming sector, this work evaluates several scenarios for optimal integration of hybrid renewable energy systems into a representative shrimp farm. In particular, floating and floating-tracking PV systems are considered as alternatives for the exploitation of solar energy to meet the shrimp farm electricity demand. By developing a dynamic techno-economic simulation and optimization model, the following renewable energy systems have been evaluated: PV and wind based hybrid energy systems, off-grid and on-grid PV based hybrid energy systems, ground mounted and floating PV based hybrid energy systems, and floating and floating-tracking PV based hybrid energy systems. From a water-energy nexus viewpoint, floating PV systems have shown significant impacts on the reduction of evaporation losses, even if the energy savings for water pumping are moderate due to the low hydraulic head. Nevertheless, the study on the synergies between water for food and power production has highlighted that the integration of floating PV represents a key solution for reducing the environmental impacts of shrimp farming. For the selected location, the results have shown that PV systems represent the best renewable solution to be integrated into a hybrid energy system due to the abundance of solar energy resources as compared to the moderate wind resources. The integration of PV systems in off-grid configurations allows to reach high renewable reliabilities up to 40% by reducing the levelized cost of electricity. Higher renewable reliabilities can only be achieved by integrating energy storage solutions but leading to higher levelized cost of electricity. Although the floating-tracking PV systems show higher investment costs as compared to the reference floating PV systems, both solutions show similar competiveness for reliabilities up to 45% due to the higher electricity production of the floating-tracking PV systems. The higher electricity production from the floating-tracking PV systems leads to a better competitiveness for reliabilities higher than 90% due to lower capacity requirements for the storage systems.
|
|
| 46. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization of a residential district with special consideration on energy and water reliability
- 2017
-
In: Applied Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 194, s. 751-764
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many cities around the world have reached a critical situation when it comes to energy and water supply, threatening the urban sustainable development. From an engineering and architecture perspective it is mandatory to design cities taking into account energy and water issues to achieve high living and sustainability standards. The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for the planning of residential urban districts with special consideration of renewables and water harvesting integration. The optimization model is multi-objective which uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the system life cycle costs, and maximize renewables and water harvesting reliability through dynamic simulations. The developed model can be used for spatial optimization design of new urban districts. It can also be employed for analyzing the performances of existing urban districts under an energy-water-economic viewpoint. The optimization results show that the reliability of the hybrid renewables based power system can vary between 40 and 95% depending on the scenarios considered regarding the built environment area and on the cases concerning the overall electric load. The levelized cost of electricity vary between 0.096 and 0.212 $/kW h. The maximum water harvesting system reliability vary between 30% and 100% depending on the built environment area distribution. For reliabilities below 20% the levelized cost of water is kept below 1 $/m(3) making competitive with the network water tariff.
|
|
| 47. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Photovoltaic water pumping systems for irrigation : Principles and advances
- 2022
-
In: Solar Energy Advancements in Agriculture and Food Production Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323898669 - 9780323886253 ; , s. 113-157
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Agriculture is one of the most water- and energy-intensive sectors of the economy, consuming about 70% of global freshwater withdrawals. Access to clean and affordable water for irrigation is an essential step towards guaranteeing water and food security, improving incomes and living standards, decarbonizing an energy-intensive sector and attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and 13 (Climate Action). Ensuring access to water for irrigation, as well as for other agricultural (i.e., livestock watering), domestic, and industrial purposes is a global challenge, and it is more challenging in remote areas where the grid connection is often not available. Solar-powered pumping systems represent a renewable solution for the decarbonization of the irrigation sector worldwide. While solar water pumping systems were used in the past to supply water for irrigation, livestock, and domestic purposes only in remote locations without access to the electric grid, the drastic drop in photovoltaic (PV) modules prices has made the technology also competitive for on-grid applications. This chapter reviews the configurations of solar water pumping systems for irrigation, highlighting the water–food–energy nexus aspects and recent advances, reviewing case studies, and analyzing the economics and current and future challenges.
|
|
| 48. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, et al.
(author)
-
PV water pumping for irrigation equipped with a novel control system for water savings
- 2014
-
In: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 949-952
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Typically, PV water pumping (PVWP) systems for irrigation are normally designed based on the worst conditions, such as high water demand and low solar irradiation. Therefore, the installed PVWP systems become oversized in most of time. Since the conventional control systems don't optimize the water supply, the water losses are increased. To remedy the problems related to the operation of the oversized systems, a novel control system is proposed. The control unit interacts between water demand and water supply in order to pump only the amount required by crops. Moreover, the novel control system substitutes the conventional protection approach with a method based on the ground water resources availability and response. The novel control system represents an innovative solution for water savings in PV watering applications.
|
|
| 49. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-
(author)
-
PV water pumping systems for agricultural applications
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Grassland and farmland degradation is considered as one of the worst environmental and economic threats for China. The degradation process negatively affects food and water security, economy, society and climate changes.Photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) technology for irrigation is an innovative and sustainable solution to curb the grassland degradation. At the same time it can promote the conservation of farmland, especially in remote areas of China. The combination of PVWP technology with water saving irrigation techniques and sustainable management of the groundwater resources can lead to several benefits. These include enhancing grassland productivity, halting wind and rainfall erosion, providing higher incomes and better living conditions for farmers. This doctoral thesis aims to bridge the current knowledge gaps, optimize system implementation and prevent system failures. This work represents thus a step forward to solve the current and future nexus between energy, water and food security in China, using PVWP technology for irrigation.Models for the dynamic simulations of PVWP systems, irrigation water requirements (IWR) and crop response to water have been presented and integrated. Field measurements at a pilot PVWP system in Inner Mongolia have been conducted to analyse the reliability of the models adopted. A revision of the traditional design approaches and a new optimization procedure based on a genetic algorithm (GA) have been proposed to guarantee the match between IWR and water supply, to minimize the system failures and to maximize crop productivity and thus the PVWP system profitability and effectiveness.Several economic analyses have been conducted to establish the most cost effective solution for irrigation and to evaluate the project profitability. The possible benefits generated by the PVWP system implementation have been highlighted, as well as the effects of the most sensitive parameters, such as forage price and incentives. The results show that PVWP system represents the best technical and economic solution to provide water for irrigation in the remote areas compared to other traditional water pumping technologies. The environmental benefits have been also addressed, evaluating the CO2 emissions saving achievable from the PVWP system operation. The assessment of the feasible and optimal areas for implementing PVWP systems in China has been conducted using spatial analysis and an optimization tool for the entire supply chain of forage production. The results show that the potentials of PVWP systems in China are large. Nevertheless, the feasible and optimal locations are extremely sensitive to several environmental and economic parameters such as forage IWR, groundwater depth, and CO2 credits that need to be carefully taken into account in the planning process. Although this doctoral thesis has used China as case study, PVWP technology can be applied for irrigation purposes all over the world both for off- and on-grid applications leading to several economic and environmental benefits.
|
|
| 50. |
- Campana, Pietro Elia, 1984-
(author)
-
PV water pumping systems for grassland and farmland conservation
- 2013
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Grassland degradation is considered as one of the worst environmental and economic problems in China because of the negative impacts on water and food security. The application of the photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) technology for irrigation is an innovative and sustainable solution to curb the progress of grassland desertification and to promote the conservation of farmland in remote areas. The combination of PVWP with water saving irrigation techniques and the sustainable management of the water resources enhances the grass productivity enabling to halt wind and rainfall erosion and to provide higher incomes and better living conditions for farmers. PVWP systems have been used for more than 40 years especially for drinking purposes, livestock watering and irrigation in small-medium size applications. Nevertheless, several knowledge gaps still exist and system failures still occur, which are mainly bounded to the system design procedure and optimization. The technical and economic feasibilities related to the system implementation, especially effectiveness and profitability, need to be addressed. Moreover, irrigation in remote areas constrained by availability of water resources has to be investigated for a better understanding of PVWP system integration with the environment and for optimization purposes. This thesis is to bridge the current knowledge gaps, optimize system implementation and prevent system failures Validation of the models adopted and optimization of the system on the basis of solar energy resources and exploitable groundwater has been performed for a pilot PVWP system in Inner Mongolia. The match between the water supplied through the pumping system and the grass water demand has been studied, and the effects of pumping on the available resources and the crop productivity have been evaluated. The economic analyses have also been conducted in order to establish the most cost effective solution to provide water for irrigation and to evaluate the project profitability. In addition, the CO2 emission reductions by using PV technology have been assessed as well. It was found that the proper designed PVWP system represents the best technical and economic solution to provide water for irrigation in the remote areas compared to other water pumping technologies, such as diesel water pumping and wind power water pumping due to the high positive net present values and short payback periods.
|
|
