| 1. |
- Andersson, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro Therapy Modeling of HER2 Targeting Therapy in Disseminated Prostate Cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1019-6439 .- 1791-2423. ; 45:5, s. 2153-2158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer type among men. Treatments against advanced PCa are limited and in many cases only palliative. In a later, androgent independent, stage of PCa androgen receptors can be activated without interaction with ligand, i.e., by receptors of tyrosine kinase (RTK) family in the outlaw pathway. Human epidermal growth factor receptors HER2 and EGFR belong to RTK-family. HER2 is one of the main actors in the outlaw pathway with EGFR as the preferable heterodimerizing partner. We hypothesized that information on HER2 expression in advanced PCa could be useful for selection of patients for anti-RTK therapy and monitoring of therapy response. A panel of PCa cell lines (LNCap, PC3, DU-145) was subjected to a 8-week treatment using drugs influencing the RTK: trastuzumab (anti‑HER2), 17-DMAG (Hsp90 inhibitor), alone or in combination, and their HER2 and EGFR expressions were compared with non-treated cells. Treatment with trastuzumab decreased proliferation of LNCap and DU-145 cell lines, while 17-DMAG and trastuzumab/17‑DMAG combination affected all three cell lines. HER2 expression was significantly increased in PC3 cells, the most resistant cell line. On the contrary, in responding cells (LNCap and DU-145) HER2 expression decreased, accompanied by increased EGFR expression. However, additional treatment of cells with cetuximab (anti‑EGFR) did not give any additive effect to trastuzumab. In this study the response to anti-RTK therapy proved to vary between different PCa cell lines. We have demonstrated that RTK targeting treatments may affect the phenotypic profile of PCa tumor cells that correlates with therapy outcome. Observation of such changes during treatment could be used for monitoring and an improved therapy outcome.
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| 2. |
- Dam, Jan S, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time absorption and scattering characterization of slab-shaped turbid samples obtained by a combination of angular and spatially resolved measurements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 44:20, s. 4281-4290
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a fast and accurate method for real-time determination of the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient, and the anisotropy factor of thin turbid samples by using simple continuous-wave noncoherent light sources. The three optical properties are extracted from recordings of angularly resolved transmittance in addition to spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and transmittance. The applied multivariate calibration and prediction techniques are based on multiple polynomial regression in combination with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. The numerical test results based on Monte Carlo simulations showed mean prediction errors of approximately 0.5% for all three optical properties within ranges typical for biological media. Preliminary experimental results are also presented yielding errors of approximately 5%. Thus the presented methods show a substantial potential for simultaneous absorption and scattering characterization of turbid media.
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| 3. |
- Yavari, Nazila, et al.
(författare)
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An overview on preclinical and clinical experiences with photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Urology. - 1195-9479. ; 18:4, s. 5778-5786
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the most interesting methods of photo treatment. In general, PDT is a modality for the treatment of non-muscle invasive tumors. PDT is very well suited in managing bladder cancer, as the bladder is accessible by endoscopy and the tumors are most often limited to the mucosa or sub-mucosa. PDT is likely more useful for patients with recurrent tumors after conventional therapies, as well as for patients with diffuse non-muscle invasive bladder carcinomas that are refractory to standard treatments before the commitment to radical extirpative surgery, particularly in patients at surgical high risk. The treatment of tumors with PDT includes three major parameters: presence of oxygen in tumor tissue, administration of a photosensitizer, and subsequent exposure to light. The PDT mechanism relies on the in situ generation of cytotoxic agents by the activation of a light-sensitive drug, resulting in cell death. In this review, we present past and current advances in the use of PDT with urinary bladder cancer and discuss the future roles for this type of therapy in the treatment of bladder cancer.
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| 4. |
- Yavari, Nazila, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro measurements of optical properties of porcine brain using a novel compact device
- 2005
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - : Springer. - 0140-0118 .- 1741-0444. ; 43:5, s. 658-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of the optical properties of tissues can be applied in numerous medical and scientific fields, including cancer diagnostics and therapy. There are many different ways of determining the optical properties of turbid media. The paper describes measurements of the optical properties of porcine brain tissue using novel instrumentation for simultaneous absorption and scattering characterisation of small turbid samples. Integrating sphere measurements are widely used as a reference method for determination of the optical properties of relatively thin turbid samples. However, this technique is associated with bulky equipment, complicated measuring techniques, interference compensation techniques and inconvenient sample handling. It is believed that the sphere for some applications can be replaced by a new, compact device, called the combined angular and spatially resolved head sensor, to measure the optical properties of thin turbid samples. The results compare very well with data obtained with an integrating sphere for well-defined samples. The instrument was shown to be accurate to within 12% for μa and 1% for μ s ′ in measurements of intralipid-ink samples. The corresponding variations of data were 17% and 2%, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient for porcine white matter was measured to be 100 cm−1 at 633 nm, and the value for coagulated brain tissue was 65 cm−1. The corresponding absorption coefficients were 2 and 3 cm−1, respectively.
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| 5. |
- Yavari, Nazila, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of optical properties of pig brain tissue in vitro using a novel compact device
- 2005
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Ingår i: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. - : SPIE. - 1605-7422 .- 1042-4687. ; 5864, s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In numerous medical and scientific fields, knowledge of the optical properties of tissues can be applied. Among many different ways of determining the optical properties of turbid media; integrating sphere measurements are widely used. However, this technique is associated with bulky equipment, complicated measuring techniques, interference compensation techniques, and inconvenient sample handling. This paper describes measurements of the optical properties of porcine brain tissue using novel instrumentation for simultaneous absorption and scattering characterization of small turbid samples. The system used measures both angularly and spatially resolved transmission and reflection and is called Combined Angular and Spatially-resolved Head (CASH) sensor. The results compare very well with data obtained with an integrating sphere for well-defined samples. The instrument was shown to be accurate to within 12 % for μa. and 1 % for μs' in measurements of intralipid-ink samples. The corresponding variations of data were 17 %, and 2 %, respectively. The reduced scattering coefficient for porcine white matter was measured to be 100 cm-1, while the value for coagulated brain tissue was 65 cm-1. The corresponding absorption coefficients were 2 and 3 cm-1, respectively. © 2005 SPIE and OSA.
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| 6. |
- Yavari, Nazila
(författare)
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Optical spectroscopy for tissue diagnostics
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biomedical Optics as an interdisciplinary field of science has been developed during many years and is experiencing tremendous growth, to cover a wide range of optical techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Biomedical optics contributes in the introducing methods and creation of devices used in healthcare of various specialties, such as ophthalmology, cardiology, surgery, dermatology, oncology, radiology, etc. Each of these specialities might take advantages of different optical techniques and methods such as: laser surgery, optical thermotherapy, optical tomography and imaging, optical biopsies, photodynamic therapy, in vitro diffuse spectroscopy, etc1. Among all of the mentioned methods and techniques; medical applications of in vitro diffuse spectroscopy is the main topic covered by the projects presented in this book. This thesis is presented in two parts. Part one, consists of four chapters as an introduction to the scientific works that are presented in three original papers in part two. Part one, covers areas that might not have been explicitly apparent in the papers, but have formed a basis needed to interpret data, and to understand the background for the various studied phenomena.
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