| 1. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(author)
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- 2020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(author)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Jinshi, et al.
(author)
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On Flow Maldistribution in PEMFC Stacks
- 2011
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In: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-5083 .- 1543-5075. ; 8:5, s. 585-606
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks are widely studied for their own advantages. The flow maldistribution in unit cells may severely influence the fuel cell stack performance, mainly including the uniformity of current density and the voltage. Investigations of flow maldistribution in PEMFC stacks are rarely found, and presented results are unsystematic, scattered, and even contradictory. Thus, it is necessary to review and summarize the previous concerned papers, and to get some methods or guidelines for reducing the flow maldistribution in PEMFC stacks. In this paper, the existing literature concerning flow maldistributions in PEMFC stacks is reviewed. The effects of the arrangement of flow configurations, design parameters, and operating conditions on the flow maldistribution are discussed. Some suggestions are outlined to reduce the flow maldistribution in PEMFC stacks. The need for further research is also discussed.
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| 4. |
- Wei, Yi-Ming, et al.
(author)
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Self-preservation strategy for approaching global warming targets in the post-Paris Agreement era
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A strategy that informs on countries' potential losses due to lack of climate action may facilitate global climate governance. Here, we quantify a distribution of mitigation effort whereby each country is economically better off than under current climate pledges. This effort-sharing optimizing approach applied to a 1.5 degrees C and 2 degrees C global warming threshold suggests self-preservation emissions trajectories to inform NDCs enhancement and long-term strategies. Results show that following the current emissions reduction efforts, the whole world would experience a washout of benefit, amounting to almost 126.68-616.12 trillion dollars until 2100 compared to 1.5 degrees C or well below 2 degrees C commensurate action. If countries are even unable to implement their current NDCs, the whole world would lose more benefit, almost 149.78-791.98 trillion dollars until 2100. On the contrary, all countries will be able to have a significant positive cumulative net income before 2100 if they follow the self-preservation strategy. The emission allocation strategies of global scenarios do not specify the potential benefits from extra climate mitigation efforts. Here the authors show that compared to the current Nationally Distributed Contributions, the proposed self-preservation strategy might generate 126-616 trillion dollars of additional benefits by 2100.
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| 5. |
- Xu, Weidong, et al.
(author)
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Iodomethane-Mediated Organometal Halide Perovskite with Record Photoluminescence Lifetime
- 2016
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:35, s. 23181-23189
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organometallic lead halide perovskites are excellent light harvesters for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. However, as the key component in these devices, a perovskite thin film with good morphology and minimal trap states is still difficult to obtain. Herein we show that by incorporating a low boiling point alkyl halide such as iodomethane (CH3I) into the precursor solution, a perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) film with improved grain size and orientation can be easily achieved. More importantly, these films exhibit a significantly reduced amount of trap states. Record photoluminescence lifetimes of more than 4 mu s are achieved; these lifetimes are significantly longer than that of pristine CH3NH3PbI3-xClx films. Planar heterojunction solar cells incorporating these CH3I-mediated perovskites have demonstrated a dramatically increased power conversion efficiency compared to the ones using pristine CH3NH3PbI3-xClx. Photoluminescence, transient absorption, and microwave detected photoconductivity measurements all provide consistent evidence that CH3I addition increases the number of excitons generated and their diffusion length, both of which assist efficient carrier transport in the photovoltaic device. The simple incorporation of alkyl halide to enhance perovskite surface passivation introduces an important direction for future progress on high efficiency perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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| 6. |
- Zhu, Xingwang, et al.
(author)
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Accelerated Photoreduction of CO2 to CO over a Stable Heterostructure with a Seamless Interface
- 2021
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In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:33, s. 39523-39532
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a means of alleviating energy crisis and environmental deterioration. In this work, a rising two-dimensional (2D) material rarely reported in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, is synthesized, on which Co2P is in situ grown by solvothermal treatment using BP itself as a P source. Co2P on the BP nanosheets (BPs) surface can prevent the destruction of BPs in ambient air and, in the meantime, favor charge separation and CO2 adsorption and activation during the catalytic process. Upon light irradiation, Co2P can extract the photogenerated electrons effectively across the intimate interface and lower the CO2 activation energy barrier, supported by both experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. Benefitting from integrated advantages of BPs and Co2P, the optimal Co2P/BPs exhibit photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO at a rate of 25.5 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) with a selectivity of 91.4%, both of which are higher than those of pristine BPs. This work presents ideas for stabilizing BPs and improving their CO2 reduction performance simultaneously.
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| 7. |
- Zhu, Xingwang, et al.
(author)
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Mo-O-Bi Bonds as interfacial electron transport bridges to fuel CO2 photoreduction via in-situ reconstruction of black Bi2MoO6/ BiO2-x heterojunction
- 2022
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In: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 429
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High photogenerated carrier separation efficiency plays a crucial role in determining the rate of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, but the directional transfer of carrier remains challenging. Here, improved CO2 photoreduction rate and enhanced stability were realized by in-situ construction of BiO2-x nanoparticles on Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers using H2/Ar low temperature plasma. As evidenced by DFT calculations and photocurrent measurements, the Mo-O-Bi bonds between the Bi2MoO6 and BiO2-x interfaces act as a charge transport bridge, facilitating the directional transport of electrons and thus enhancing the rate of photocatalytic reduction reactions involving multiple electrons. Compared with pristine Bi2MoO6, Bi2MoO6/BiO2-x heterojunction has excellent photostability (12 h) and efficient photocatalytic activity (approximate to 3.0 times). This indicates that the charge transfer bridge can effectively inhibit the charge recombination and deactivation of pristine Bi2MoO6. This interatomic charge transfer bridges mode can not only solve the stability problem of bismuth-based materials, but also help to design more photocatalytic systems for efficient reduction of CO2.
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| 8. |
- Zhu, Xingwang, et al.
(author)
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Nanostructure and functional group engineering of black phosphorus via plasma treatment for CO2 photoreduction
- 2021
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In: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2212-9820 .- 2212-9839. ; 54
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted great interest in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, but the performance is restricted by the low surface reactivity and poor stability. Exfoliating BP into the 2D structure is an effective method to increase the exposure of active sites. However, the intrinsic surface reactivity and stability cannot be improved, and, the widely used liquid-phase exfoliation method is time-consuming and laborious. In this work, we successfully exfoliates the bulk BP into ultrathin BP nanosheets with dense surface amino-functional groups (BP-NH2) using NH3 plasma treatment. The 2D structure can shorten the photo-excited charges migration distance and improve the exposure of surface-active sites. Furthermore, the amino-functional groups on ultrathin BP nanosheets can prevent the destruction of BP nanosheets in ambient air, favoring the charge separation, CO2 adsorption and activation during the catalytic process. Benefiting from integrated advantages of amino functional groups, the optimal BP-NH2 exhibits a photocatalytic CO2 reduction rate to CO of 27.6 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) with a selectivity of 87.0 %, both of which are higher than those of pristine bulk BP. This work presents ideas for stabilizing BP and improving the CO2 reduction performance simultaneously.
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