| 1. |
- Danielsson, Ulrika, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Arbetstidsförkortning sex timmars arbetsdag - en väg till både hälsa och effektivitet? : Resultatrapport
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Österundshems projekt med arbetstidsförkortning har följts upp under ett och ett halvt år. Denna slutrapport baseras på en enkätundersökning som genomförts tre gånger under projektets gång samt analys av företagets frånvarostatistik.Sammantaget ser man att välbefinnande och sömnkvalitet blivit bättre under projektet med arbetstidsförkortning, och upplevelse av kompetens har ökat. Hälsoeffekterna är störts bland kvinnor. Sjukfrånvaron minskade under det första halvåret, men ökade sedan under slutet av 2018, till samma nivå som innan projektet startade, en förändring som sannolikt främst har att göra med de turbulenta händelser i företaget som kulminerade under hösten 2018. Det som främst lyfts fram som positivt med projektet är möjligheten att själv styra sitt arbete, dvs det förtroende som givits medarbetarna att själva bedöma när arbetet är klart för dagen. Man kan också se att sjukfrånvarostatistiken följer de positiva och negativa perioderna i företagets utveckling under projekttiden. Detta visar på att arbetssituationen inte endast påverkas av faktorer i själva arbetet, utan också vad som sker på organisations- och ledningsnivå.
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| 2. |
- Dylman, Alexandra, et al.
(author)
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Culture, Language and Emotion
- 2020
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In: Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. - : Grand Valley State University Libraries. - 2307-0919. ; 4:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Culture, language and emotion all influence and affect our daily lives in their own manner. Although there is a large body of research suggesting that these factors interact with each other in intricate ways, they have traditionally been studied independently of each other. Furthermore, although biculturalism and bilingualism are not new phenomena, they are now prevalent globally to the extent that research investigating culture or language cannot be complete without taking them into account. Thus, in this paper, we discuss how culture, language and emotion may mutually influence one another in a globalized world where biculturalism and bilingualism are commonplace and suggest how future research could investigate these individual factors jointly.
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| 3. |
- Dylman, Alexandra S, et al.
(author)
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The effect of language and cultural context on the BIG-5 personality inventory in bilinguals
- 2023
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In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-4632 .- 1747-7557.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Studies have found that bilinguals respond differently to personality measures in their two languages, indicating that bilinguals change their personality as they switch between their two languages and/or cultures. Across two experiments, we attempted to investigate the effect of language and culture separately on how bilingual speakers rate themselves on the personality dimensions on the Big-5 Personality Inventory. Swedish speakers were asked to imagine applying for a job either at a Swedish (home country/own culture) or an American (foreign country/culture) company, and they responded to the Big-5 questions in either their first language Swedish, or their second language English, in a 2 by 2 design. Overall, differences on several of the personality dimensions were found, mainly affected by the language factor, generally replicating previous research. These results suggest that separate processes may be driving previously found differences on personality measures in bilinguals' two languages to some extent, and that these processes affect the personality dimensions (as measured by the Big-5 personality inventory) differently, even if the language variable seems to be the stronger indicator.
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| 4. |
- Leiler, Anna
(author)
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Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Individuals in Asylum Accommodations : Screening and Intervention
- 2021
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Refugees have often experienced traumatic events that could be classified as disasters before leaving their home countries. They are further distressed by difficult experiences while in flight and after reaching the new country. Since the experience of traumatic events is associated with an increased risk of subsequent mental health problems, recommendations regarding psychosocial support after disasters have been established. Two examples are the screen and treat approach, and active monitoring. According to these recommendations, individuals who have experienced a disaster ought to be screened for mental health problems one month after the disaster, and those with persisting symptoms of distress should be offered treatment. The general aim of this thesis is to assess the possibility and appropriateness of applying a screen and treat approach to the mental health of refugees.Four studies are included in the thesis. The first study assessed the mental health and quality of life among individuals living in refugee housing facilities in Sweden. The results showed that the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD was high, and that the included participants rated their quality of life as low. Individuals without residence permits generally had worse outcomes than those who had received a residence permit. In the second study, the ability of the Refugee Health Screener (RHS, an instrument developed for assessment of emotional distress among newly arrived refugees) to distinguish between different levels of symptom severity was assessed. By comparing the scores on the RHS with scores on other established scales with cutoffs indicating symptom severity, we identified cutoff values for mild, moderate, and severe distress. In the third study, these cutoffs were further assessed by an investigation of the association between suicidal ideation and symptom severity. The odds of an individual having suicidal ideation increased notably at each severity level. More than half of the individuals with severe distress had suicidal ideation, indicating that they needed support. The fourth study is a pilot study assessing potential effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility of a group psychoeducational intervention delivered at asylum accommodations. The results showed that the intervention was promising in alleviating symptoms of distress and insomnia. It also seemed to be acceptable to both participants and staff, even though some sessions require further elaboration. To deliver the intervention in the midst of the asylum process was demanding, but feasible. This was an early evaluation but shows that the transition to an RCT is reasonable. Taken together, the results of the four studies indicate that the mental health needs among newly arrived refugees are considerable, that the RHS can be used to identify individuals with differing needs of mental health care, and that high levels of distress are associated with suicidal ideation. The results also indicate that it is possible and meaningful to provide psychosocial interventions to individuals at asylum accommodations. This indicates that it could be possible to implement a screen and treat approach to the mental health of refugees. However, if access to treatment cannot be assured, only implementing the screening would neither be ethical nor appropriate.
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| 5. |
- Leiler, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Waiting for Life to Begin, Wishing it Would End : Suicidal Ideation among Newly Arrived Refugees
- 2021
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In: Intervention. - 1571-8883 .- 1872-1001. ; 19:2, s. 215-223
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research indicates that subgroups of refugees may be at increased risk for suicidal ideation, but further knowledge on this topic is needed. This study aimed to assess both prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among newly arrived refugees in Sweden. Assessing suicidal ideation was part of a larger project, aiming to develop a model for assessment and treatment of mental health problems among refugees. The included data were based on a cross-sectional survey among 510 asylum seekers and refugees, all under the care of the Swedish Migration Agency. The project group visited 12 asylum accommodations and 9 other locations, asking potential participants to answer a survey with questions on mental health, suicidal ideation and quality of life. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, low physical and psychological quality of life, and being of young age were all independently associated with suicidal ideation. This study points to the importance of identifying refugees with mental health problems and of providing them with adequate care. It also indicates the importance of assuring a decent quality of life at asylum accommodations, and it shows that the young may constitute an especially vulnerable group.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Löfstrand, Pär, 1969-
(author)
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Communicating, Negotiating and Stereotyping : The roles of context, situation and gender in small group decision-making
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Making decisions together in groups takes an important role in society. Everywhere and in many different contexts people meet to make more or less formal decisions. As stereotypes constitute simplified group based perceptions of other people, decision-making groups risk making biased judgments and commit discriminating decisions. Stereotyping often follow the two universal dimensions competence and warmth (Cuddy, Fiske & Glick, 2008). How people´s judgments are affected by stereotypes has mainly been studied on individual level and less is known about how stereotypes and prejudice is communicated and negotiated in group decision-making situations. One approach to study this is to investigate how different contexts may lead to different communication patterns, different experiences, and different decisions. In this thesis context was varied in two different ways in two experiments. In the first experiment the goal set for the decision-making was varied. A competitive goal was contrasted to a cooperative goal in a group decision task using a sports scenario where the participants had to select members to a relay team. In the second experiment different information was used as a context variable. This was done by varying the information of gender and parenthood status of the applicants in a fictive recruitment scenario. In addition, in both experiments the gender composition in the groups was varied, forming yet another variable that might play a role for how the decision-making was carried out. These three factors were assumed to influence the form of the communication, the content of the communication in terms of stereotyping, and how the decision-making process was experienced. A mixed-method approach was chosen where quantitative and qualitative data were used in conjunction with each other, which was assumed to give a richer picture of the results.In paper I the form of the communication, as analyzed with interaction process analysis (IPA), did not differ much between the two goals. On the other hand, the content showed more systematic patterns. A competitive goal seemed to lead to both inclusion and exclusion with use of both positive and negative stereotypes. A cooperative goal seemed to lead to inclusion mechanisms and only use of positive stereotypes. In paper II where the aim was to investigate what was experienced as constituting a successful decision-making process it was found that equality of influence was of importance. Furthermore, qualitative analyses of the conversation patterns, by use of the conversational argument coding scheme (CACS), seemed to validate this. The successful groups had a more complex communication pattern than the less successful groups. In paper III, where the information for the decision task was varied in terms of gender and parenthood status of the applicants, it was found that parenthood information triggered a lot of discussion. The participants did not differentiate between mothers and fathers, but they applied attributes of competence and warmth differently to the targets. Furthermore, gender and gender composition seemed to matter as male and female groups applied the attributes differently. Paper IV used data from both experiments in order to investigate how the context variables and gender composition influenced how the decision situation was experienced. The results indicate that the context variables and gender composition interacted with own gender. Men seemed more content in male groups with male targets and a male parent condition while women seemed more content in mixed groups and a female parent condition.Context seems to play an important role, as it provides the participants in the group discussions with different information, leading to different patterns of stereotyping in the discussions. Also how the decision was experienced seems to be related to the context. Furthermore, group composition seems to function in this way too. The results are discussed in relation to practical implications and suggestions for future research.
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| 8. |
- Löfstrand, Pär, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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"What about the child issue?" Group negotiations of gender and parenthood contracts in recruitment situations
- 2017
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In: SOCIETY HEALTH & VULNERABILITY. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2002-1518. ; 8:Sup 1, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Men and women becoming parents are supposed to have equal opportunities in working life. However, inequality and discrimination are not easily avoided. The aim of this study was to investigate how argumentation related to parenthood and careers takes form in group discussions of a fictional recruitment situation, and how stereotypes such as competence and warmth are manifested in such discussions. Thirty-five ad-hoc groups of university students were asked to make a choice between three candidates for a consultancy position. The first two candidates were a man and a woman, while the third alternately was described either as a man or a woman described as having a newborn child. Parenthood was sometimes seen as reducing competence, but it was more often viewed as adding to competence. Parenthood was also considered to add warmth to the organization. Interestingly, all groups avoided relating the parenthood issue to gender. Three conversation patterns were found, differing in the amount of elaboration of the topic of parenthood and work. It was concluded that the most elaborated kind seems to foster a situation where implicit norms are made visible more easily.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Miller, Emelie
(author)
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Life in a twilight landscape : Exploring the intersection of ethnic and sexual minority identities in sweden
- 2023
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Historically speaking, sexual and ethnic minorities have been dreadfully treated by society at large, the legal system and the scientific world. Even today, homosexuality is associated with life-threatening risks in many countries, which is one migration motivator for sexual minorities. From a Swedish perspective, this dissertation explores what it’s like to be homosexual or bisexual and have an immigrant background; what lived experiences these individuals have and how these experiences affect self-identity and well-being. When I began my project, there existed quite a lot of research on immigrants, and on sexual minorities, but the Swedes who belong to both of these groups had been severely overlooked. From the international literature, it was clear that it was socially difficult to be neither heterosexual nor white. My overall aim with this dissertation was simply to try to bring some clarity in what the situation for this population looked like in Sweden. To achieve this, I conducted one or more interviews with 22 individuals, with first-generation immigrant background (N=11) or second-generation immigrant background (N=11). These in-depth interviews formed the basis for three separate studies. In addition, I conducted a study where I coded and analyzed roughly 700 profiles on a dating site for sexual minorities. The analytic methods I used were: phenomenological interpretive analysis (where the individual's lived experience and meaning-making is in focus), thematic analysis (where patterns in stories at a group-level are analyzed) and statistical methods (where possible differences between groups are clearly evident). Overall, the results demonstrated that homosexual and bisexual people with immigrant backgrounds in Sweden experience an in-betweenness, a sort of social twilight. The participants often experienced a sense of dis-belonging and felt that they were not seen as fully human in any group. The participants had been exposed to other people's prejudices, biased assumptions, bullying, racism, homophobia and misogyny. They had, as did the member profiles on the dating site, also wrestle with unattainable ideals within the LGBTQ world. At the same time, the results demonstrated people's impressive resilience, strength and ability to create new group affiliations and positive changes for both themselves and others. To better understand the results, I used critical and social psychological theories about, among other things, identity development, self-presentation, stress, mental health, separatism and belonging. In the discussion, I scrutinize my own work as well as the contemporary perspectives and terminologies used in subject-related research fields. Lastly, I propose some ways to create changes that could improve people's lives and lessen injustices.
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| 11. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Ambivalent sexism: A tool for understanding and improving gender relations in organizations
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 53:1, s. 64-70
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study tested predictions regarding ambivalent sexism, previously studied cross-culturally, here ‘‘within-culturally’’, between groups from different organizational settings. Based on three samples (334 adults in general, 744 industrial employees, and 189 high school students), completing a Swedish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), the results revealed that men scored higher on hostile and benevolent sexism than women, and high school students scored higher than both adult samples on both forms of sexism. The results generally confirmed the predictions; the gender gap in benevolent sexism decreased as a function of increasing levels of general sexism and the correlation between hostile and benevolent sexism decreased with higher levels of general sexism. In fact, the groups scoring highest on general sexism displayed significant negative correlations indicating a polarized ideology of women among these groups. Implications, both theoretical and practical, derived from these results are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Aspects of Power in Group Decision-Making Situations
- 2019
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In: Book of Abstracts.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study had the aim to analyze group interactions with a focus on how the dialogue within thegroup and in the group's decision-making process was influenced in three different decisionmaking experiments. Results revealed that contextual factors played an important role.
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| 13. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-
(author)
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Big Five Inventory (BFI) : Utprövning för svenska förhållanden
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Big Five Inventory (BFI) är ett test bestående av 44 påståenden avsett att mäta de fem grundläggande personlighetsdimensionerna Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism och Openness (John & Srivastava, 1999). Testet har utformats främst för forskningsändamål men någon systematisk utprövning för svenska förhållanden har inte gjorts. Enkäter distribuerades till fem olika undersökningsgrupper med varierande bakgrund (n=431, 45% män och 55% kvinnor), i ålder varierande från 18 till 80 år. Testet analyserades i relation till demografiska variabler, samt arbetslivsrelaterade faktorer såsom arbetsmotiv, intressen, yrkes- och utbildningsval, samt attityder och fördomar. Resultaten visade på en god reliabilitet (Cronbach’s alpha-koefficienter varierande mellan .73 och .84), en tydlig faktorstruktur samt låga till måttliga korrelationer mellan dimensionerna. De fem personlighetsdimensionernas samband med de arbetslivsrelaterade faktorerna var i allmänhet i förväntad riktning. Särskilt tydligt var detta för dimensionen Openness. Inte i något fall visade resultaten samband som gick i motsatt riktning mot vad som förväntades. Slutsatsen är att BFI är ett tillförlitligt test som fungerar väl att användas främst i forsknings- och utbildningssyfte.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Emotions in motion: tourist experiences in time and space
- 2012
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In: Current Issues in Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1368-3500 .- 1747-7603. ; 15:6, s. 505-523
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology enables the study of tourists’ activities and movement patterns in real time. But what does this information tell us about tourists’ subjective experiences? The present paper accounts for the results from four case studies: two event studies and two destination studies. Two of these took place in the wintertime, and two in the summertime. Visitors carried a GPS device for one day, after which they answered a brief questionnaire. A total of 241 visitors participated in the study. Based on cluster analyses of distance measures calculated from the GPS data, several movement patterns were revealed. Three of these, labelled Main attraction visitors, Wanderers, and Specialists, emerged in all four cases. The reported experiences differed between the clusters, especially concerning negative experiences. In the destination studies, the clusters differed with regard to what was considered a negative experience, while in the event studies, the clusters differed with regard to how the tourists responded emotionally to their experiences. The authors conclude that GPS technology is a promising tool for tourism research but that, if one is to gain a full understanding of tourists’ experiences and mobility, it ought to be combined with other methods.
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| 16. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-
(author)
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Gender differences in Social Dominance Orientation: Gender invariance may be situation invariance
- 2008
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In: Sex Roles. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025 .- 1573-2762. ; 59:3-4, s. 254-263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most studies of gender differences in social dominance orientation (SDO) have investigated settings more or less hierarchy-enhancing. The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in SDO (1) within social structures varying in equality-enhancement, i.e., communities differing in political equality between men and women, and (2) settings where equality was maximized and held constant, i.e., democratic, voluntary associations, but varying in gender composition, using survey data from a random sample of 831 Swedish adults (median age = 47 years). There was a significant interaction effect between gender and membership in voluntary associations dominated by women, with men and women displaying equally low levels of SDO. In all other instances the main effect of gender remained statistically significant.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Vem får vara med och vem bestämmer? : Om exklusion och inklusion i idrottsföreningars beslutsfattande
- 2010
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In: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :2, s. 40-43
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Tanken är att idrott ska vara till för alla, av alla. Idrotten fyller också andra funktioner än enbart bollsparkande och skidåkande, särskilt utanför städerna. Vi kommer i denna artikel att presentera resultat från två olika studier. I den första behandlas frågan om hur styrelserna i några mindre idrottsföreningar hanterar dilemman mellan olika intressen. Är det så att alla får vara med eller finns intressen och grupper som exkluderas? Den andra studien handlar om hur dessa dilemman hanteras i beslutande organ om förutsättningarna systematiskt varieras, i fråga om hur målet för verksamheten definieras och ifråga om hur könssammansättning ser ut. Studierna har finansierats med medel från CIF och EU:s strukturfonder (Mål 1).
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| 24. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-
(author)
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What do the visitors do when they co-create value? : Experiences from a theme park setting
- 2016
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In: Book of Abstracts.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The concept of value co-creation has opened up a new frame of research, freeing the areafrom a narrow supply – demand dichotomy. Briefly put, value co-creation means that asupplier and a customer, i.e. visitor, add value jointly to the experience in question, byproviding different input, based on their differing history. A consequence of thisreasoning is that there are as many different notions of a tourist setting as there arevisitors. One could argue that each visitor creates his or her own setting, be it adestination, an event or a theme park, etc., depending on what the visitor understandsand uses of the services provided. This process is not easily studied and is oftenattempted to be captured through its output, i.e. as evaluations that visitors makeafterwards. However, with GPS tracking technology it is possible to follow this processby recording what visitors actually do and what they actually use of the various servicesprovided, i.e. the basis for what they consider as value. This paper presents a studywhere visitors to a theme park carried GPS devices during a day’s visit, and wereinstructed to indicate positive and negative experiences by pressing buttons on thedevice. Afterwards they received a web-based questionnaire where their indicatedexperiences were depicted on a map and for which they could give a short description ofthe experience and also rate its strength. Based on a quantitative analysis of the visitors’movement patterns and a qualitative analysis of how they described their experiences,four segments of visitors were identified. An aspect often neglected in these kind ofstudies is the fact that tourism most often is a social event, i.e., people travel together.This means that the same visitor pattern may evoke different meanings and may beevaluated differently. The results from this study indicate that it is precisely so, theoverall evaluations of the visit were dependent on a combination of the mobility patternsand background factors such as gender and age.
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| 25. |
- Zakrisson, Ingrid, 1957-
(author)
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Women rate the competence of their occupational role higher than men do : Evidence from two different samples
- 2023
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In: Current Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42:17, s. 14542-14554
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gender stereotypes play a potent role in how the work of men and women is perceived and valued. Stereotypes also influence the way people look upon themselves. In the present research, two studies are reported where men and women at work rated the degree of warmth and competence of a person with their own occupation, and how they think people in general would perceive a person in the same occupation. A wider gap between own perceptions and that of people in general was expected for women than for men, as it was assumed that the view of other people’s perceptions would serve as a proxy for stereotype threat for women. Study 1 comprised 449 participants (74 % women) working within the public sector, mainly in social, caring, and education professions, and Study 2 comprised a convenience sample of 189 participants (70 % women) from a variety of sectors and professions. Both studies yielded consistent results; contradictory to what was expected, men and women did not differ in terms of how they thought people in general would perceive the competence of their occupation, instead women rated the competence of their own occupation higher than men did, even after controlling for type of occupation and educational level. Warmth displayed only minor gender differences. The results are discussed in relation to research on counter-reactions against stereotype threat, how the concept of competence could be understood, as well as other possible explanations of the unexpected results.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Zillinger, Malin, et al.
(author)
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Does method matter? : Understanding experience data collected through different mobile techniques
- 2017
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In: E-Review of Tourism Research. - 1941-5842. ; 14:3/4, s. 149-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Knowledge on the influence of methods on research outcomes is scarce within experience studies. In this study, GPS devices were compared to smartphones to collect experience data in theme parks. Departing from the relevance of epistemology, it was assumed that the choice of method influences the results. We show that data collection modalities themselves influence empirical results when it comes to the number of reported experiences and their level of conveyed detail. The reported categories however are similar among the methods. We can also show that, and in which way, method choice influences the outcome of studies related to experiences.
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