| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- You, Q. L., et al.
(author)
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Recent frontiers of climate changes in East Asia at global warming of 1.5 degrees C and 2 degrees C
- 2022
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In: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3722. ; 5:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- East Asia is undergoing significant climate changes and these changes are likely to grow in the future. It is urgent to characterize both the mechanisms controlling climate and the response of the East Asian climate system at global warming of 1.5 and 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels (GW1.5 and GW2 hereafter). This study reviews recent studies on East Asian climate change at GW1.5 and GW2. The intensity and variability of the East Asian summer monsoon are expected to increase modestly, accompanied by an enhancement of water vapor transport. Other expected changes include the intensification of the Western Pacific Subtropical High and an intensified and southward shift of the East Asian jet, while the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon is projected to reduce with high uncertainty. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO may increase in a warming world with great uncertainty. Significant warming and wetting occur in East Asia, with more pronounced intensity, frequency, and duration of climate extremes at GW2 than that at GW1.5. The fine structure of regional climate changes and the presence and location of various warming hotspots, however, show substantial divergence among different model simulations. Furthermore, the Asian climate responses can differ substantially between the transient and stabilized GW1.5 and GW2, which has important implications for emission policies. Thus, to better plan effective mitigation and adaptation activities, further research including an in-depth exploration of the divergent responses in transient versus stabilized scenarios, the quantification of future projection uncertainties, and improvements of the methods to reduce model uncertainties are required.
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| 7. |
- You, Q. L., et al.
(author)
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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences
- 2021
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In: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau, TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences. Arctic amplification (AA) and Tibetan amplification (TA) are the most significant characteristics of climate change patterns over the two Poles. In this study, trends, mechanisms and consequences of both AA and TA are compared. Based on ERA5 reanalysis during 1979-2020, both AP and TP have undergone significant warming with an annual rate of 0.72 degrees C/decade and 0.34 degrees C/decade respectively, which exceeds the rates for the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 degrees C/decade) and the global means (0.19 degrees C/decade) over the same period. Based on 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, AA over the AP is warming at a rate almost four times than the global means and twice as fast over the TP. Although both AA and TA are projected to continue in the future, currently there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms for AA or TA over the two Poles. Proposed mechanisms of AA can be divided into two types: local climate factors (sea ice-albedo feedback, Planck feedback, temperature gradient feedback, cloud feedback, and water vapor feedback); and poleward heat and moisture transport from lower latitudes (atmospheric circulation effect, ocean circulation effect, and modulation of Pacific and Atlantic SST). Consequences of AA include decline of sea ice cover, retreat of the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost degradation, accelerated disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and influences on extreme climate events at lower latitudes. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, water vapor and radiative flux feedbacks, local forcing and feedback processes, land use changes and reduction in total ozone, are generally considered to be the main mechanisms causing TA. TA has caused significant change within the atmosphere and cryosphere over the TP and its surroundings, such as changes in climate extremes, snow cover, the retreat of glaciers, and permafrost degradation. Similarities and differences of warming amplifications over the two Poles are proposed, and the relative contribution of each mechanism to the warming amplifications and how the specific consequences may compare over the two Poles remain unclear and under continuing investigation.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Y. F., et al.
(author)
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Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections
- 2023
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human society and ecosystems are impacted by climate extremes more than by climate averages. In contrast with climate extremes that are driven by individual climatic variables, compound climate extremes stem from a combination of multiple climatic drivers and usually lead to more severe risks than the former extremes do. The influences of the drivers for compound climate extremes are strengthening under global warming. Firstly, this review details the development of the definition of compound climate extremes over recent years and describes different types of events, such as compound drought and heatwave extremes (CDHEs), compound day and night heat extremes (CDNHEs), and compound flooding (CF). Secondly, historical trends in compound climate ex-tremes in China over the past half-century, and projections of future trends under different scenarios, are dis-cussed. For example, this study points out that a large part of China has experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent CDHEs than other parts of the country. CDHEs have followed a significantly increasing trend since the 1990s, and this trend is projected to strengthen further under different scenarios in the future. Thirdly, this study reviews different potential causes for compound climate extremes, including the internal variability of the climate system (e.g., land and atmosphere feedbacks, large-scale circulation patterns) and external anthropo-genic forcings (e.g., urbanization and anthropogenic emissions). In this study, we summarize risks from different perspectives by considering interactions between hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Many studies show that risks to infrastructural damage and population exposure are projected to increase in the future, and that crop yields and ecosystem gross primary production are likely to reduce. Finally, we generalize our study and show that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive study of different combinations of compound events. We argue that it is important that we understand the key dynamic and thermal processes that are modulated by specific drivers and investigate the uncertainty in the projected variabilities for compound climate extremes. This re-quires interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow appropriate risk adaptation strategies to be developed. There has been great progress in research into compound climate extremes; however, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and risks is necessary as a theoretical basis for more effective climate adaptation policies.
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| 9. |
- Fan, W., et al.
(author)
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Investigation of magnetization dynamics damping in Ni80Fe20/Nd-Cu bilayer at room temperature
- 2018
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In: AIP Advances. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2158-3226. ; 8:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focusing on the Ni80Fe20 (Py)/Nd-Cu bilayers, the magnetization dynamic damping from spin pumping effect is investigated systematically by doping itinerant Cu in rear earth metal Nd. Various Ta/Py/Nd1-xCux/Ta/Si films with x = 0%, 16%, 38%, 46% and 58% are prepared by magnetron sputtering. For every content of Cu, the thickness of Nd-Cu layer is changed from 1 nm to 32 nm. The damping coefficient increases with increasing the thickness of Nd-Cu layer, which shows the trend of the spin pumping behavior. Also, with increasing Cu concentration in the Nd-Cu layer, the damping coefficient decreases, implying that the spin-orbit coupling in Nd-Cu layer is indeed cut down by high itinerant of Cu dopants. It is interesting that the spin diffusion length (λSD) in the Nd-Cu layer for different Cu dopants is not found to increase monotonously.
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| 10. |
- Jin, Z., et al.
(author)
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Increased ecohydrological drying over terrestrial ecosystems
- 2022
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The greening and browning of global vegetation are driven by various processes such as climate change, CO2 fertilization, and land management, etc. From the perspective of the vegetation-water-heat relationship, the above processes can be briefly summarized as two types of eco-hydrological processes: 1. dryness change; 2. usage change. We here present a diagnostic procedure to identify the dominant eco-hydrological processes, thus evaluate the climate change impacts on ecosystems. Utilizing remote-sensing based leaf area index (LAI) and climate data during 1982-2016, we demonstrate that dryness changes showed prior dominance over 1/4 global lands where LAI trends are significant. Concretely, drying/wetting has expanded/reduced its regional dominance from 8%/15.8% (1982-1999) to 18.1%/11.9% (1999-2016), indicating that dryness change has turned to more drying than wetting for global vegetated lands. As increased over twofold, drying is playing an increasingly important role in the climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, bringing fundamental weakening of global greening.
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| 16. |
- Stolk, Lisette, et al.
(author)
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Meta-analyses identify 13 loci associated with age at menopause and highlight DNA repair and immune pathways
- 2012
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:3, s. 260-268
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To newly identify loci for age at natural menopause, we carried out a meta-analysis of 22 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 38,968 women of European descent, with replication in up to 14,435 women. In addition to four known loci, we identified 13 loci newly associated with age at natural menopause (at P < 5 × 10(-8)). Candidate genes located at these newly associated loci include genes implicated in DNA repair (EXO1, HELQ, UIMC1, FAM175A, FANCI, TLK1, POLG and PRIM1) and immune function (IL11, NLRP11 and PRRC2A (also known as BAT2)). Gene-set enrichment pathway analyses using the full GWAS data set identified exoDNase, NF-κB signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction as biological processes related to timing of menopause.
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| 17. |
- Wang, C., et al.
(author)
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Engineering Lattice Oxygen Activation of Iridium Clusters Stabilized on Amorphous Bimetal Borides Array for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
- 2021
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In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:52, s. 27126-27134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts requires significant advances in material design and in-depth understanding for water electrolysis. Herein, we report iridium clusters stabilized surface reconstructed oxyhydroxides on amorphous metal borides array, achieving an ultralow overpotential of 178 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER in alkaline medium. The coupling of iridium clusters induced the formation of high valence cobalt species and Ir–O–Co bridge between iridium and oxyhydroxides at the atomic scale, engineering lattice oxygen activation and non-concerted proton-electron transfer to trigger multiple active sites for intrinsic pH-dependent OER activity. The lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) was confirmed by in situ 18O isotope labeling mass spectrometry and chemical recognition of negative peroxo-like species. Theoretical simulations reveal that the OER performance on this catalyst is intrinsically dominated by LOM pathway, facilitating the reaction kinetics. This work not only paves an avenue for the rational design of electrocatalysts, but also serves the fundamental insights into the lattice oxygen participation for promising OER application.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Zhang, B., et al.
(author)
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Metal-Organic-Framework-Derived Bismuth Nanosheets for Electrochemical and Solar-Driven Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
- 2021
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In: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley. - 2196-0216. ; 8:5, s. 880-886
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising way to achieve CO2 fixation and energy storage. However, it is a challenge to develop the potential electrocatalysts with excellent performance and selectivity. Herein, bismuth nanosheet arrays (Bi/CC-17) are prepared through an in situ electrochemical transformation strategy by use of Bi-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the precursors, which are then attached on carbon cloth. The as-synthesized Bi/CC-17 nanosheet arrays achieve considerable partial current density of 45 mA cm−2 and remarkably high faradic efficiency of 98 % at the potential of −1.1 V versus RHE for the conversion of CO2 to formate, outperforming most previously reported electrocatalysts. In particular, the solar-driven In2O3/In2S3∥Bi two-electrode system with a In2O3/In2S3-based photoanode and typical Bi-based cathode achieves high faradaic efficiencies of ≥90 % for HCOOH formation, from −0.6 to −1.6 V versus the counter electrode (vs. CE). This work paves an avenue to develop MOF-derived electrocatalysts for sustainable conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals.
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| 20. |
- Zhang, Y., et al.
(author)
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Simultaneously Efficient Solar Light Harvesting and Charge Transfer of Hollow Octahedral Cu2S/CdS p–n Heterostructures for Remarkable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
- 2021
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In: Transactions of Tianjin University. - : Springer Nature. - 1006-4982 .- 1995-8196. ; 27:4, s. 348-357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solar-driven water splitting is a promising alternative to industrial hydrogen production. This study reports an elaborate design and synthesis of the integration of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots and cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) nanosheets as three-dimensional (3D) hollow octahedral Cu2S/CdS p–n heterostructured architectures by a versatile template and one-pot sulfidation strategy. 3D hierarchical hollow nanostructures can strengthen multiple reflections of solar light and provide a large specific surface area and abundant reaction sites for photocatalytic water splitting. Owing to the construction of the p–n heterostructure as an ideal catalytic model with highly matched band alignment at Cu2S/CdS interfaces, the emerging internal electric field can facilitate the space separation and transfer of photoexcited charges between CdS and Cu2S and also enhance charge dynamics and prolong charge lifetimes. Notably, the unique hollow Cu2S/CdS architectures deliver a largely enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen generation rate of 4.76 mmol/(g·h), which is nearly 8.5 and 476 times larger than that of pristine CdS and Cu2S catalysts, respectively. This work not only paves the way for the rational design and fabrication of hollow photocatalysts but also clarifies the crucial role of unique heterostructure in photocatalysis for solar energy conversion.
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| 21. |
- Anderberg, C., et al.
(author)
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Deficiency for endoglin in tumor vasculature weakens the endothelial barrier to metastatic dissemination
- 2013
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 210:3, s. 563-579
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Therapy-induced resistance remains a significant hurdle to achieve long-lasting responses and cures in cancer patients. We investigated the long-term consequences of genetically impaired angiogenesis by engineering multiple tumor models deprived of endoglin, a co-receptor for TGF-β in endothelial cells actively engaged in angiogenesis. Tumors from endoglin-deficient mice adapted to the weakened angiogenic response, and refractoriness to diminished endoglin signaling was accompanied by increased metastatic capability. Mechanistic studies in multiple mouse models of cancer revealed that deficiency for endoglin resulted in a tumor vasculature that displayed hallmarks of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a process of previously unknown significance in cancer biology, but shown by us to be associated with a reduced capacity of the vasculature to avert tumor cell intra- and extravasation. Nevertheless, tumors deprived of endoglin exhibited a delayed onset of resistance to anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents, illustrating the therapeutic utility of combinatorial targeting of multiple angiogenic pathways for the treatment of cancer.
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| 22. |
- Artigas Soler, María, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association and large-scale follow up identifies 16 new loci influencing lung function.
- 2011
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 43:11, s. 1082-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures reflect respiratory health and are used in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 second and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity in 48,201 individuals of European ancestry with follow up of the top associations in up to an additional 46,411 individuals. We identified new regions showing association (combined P < 5 × 10(-8)) with pulmonary function in or near MFAP2, TGFB2, HDAC4, RARB, MECOM (also known as EVI1), SPATA9, ARMC2, NCR3, ZKSCAN3, CDC123, C10orf11, LRP1, CCDC38, MMP15, CFDP1 and KCNE2. Identification of these 16 new loci may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating pulmonary function and into molecular targets for future therapy to alleviate reduced lung function.
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| 23. |
- Gao, Y., et al.
(author)
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Cooling pitch cabinets in wind turbines using a pulsating heat pipe : A case study
- 2023
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In: Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-157X. ; 50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the electric capacity of wind turbine increases, heat dissipation in pitch cabinets becomes challenging owing to the limited space and rotating conditions. To cool down the pitch cabinet more effectively and allow heat dissipation, we designed and implemented a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) in this study. We designed PHP parameters and conducted performance tests to compare the cooling performance of the fabricated PHP with that of an air-based cooling system in a 1.5 MW wind turbine. The results demonstrated steady PHP operation under rotating conditions (17.3 rpm). At a heat load of 1000 W, the evaporator outlet temperature was only 76.1 °C. However, increasing the ambient temperature adversely affected PHP operation, resulting in higher temperature and thermal resistance. The heat-pipe-based cooling system lowered the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) temperature by about 20.4 °C in relation to the air-based cooling system, while being suitable under varied conditions. Additionally, the system could successfully operate when the heat load of IGBT was 2350 W, corresponding to a 7 MW electric capacity of the wind turbine. Reducing the manufacturing cost of the heat pipe would further enhance the applicability of this system for pitch cabinet IGBT cooling, such as decreasing payback period.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Gerotziafas, GT, et al.
(author)
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Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine
- 2020
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In: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2567-689X .- 0340-6245. ; 120:12, s. 1597-1628
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.
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| 26. |
- Hancock, Dana B, et al.
(author)
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Genome-Wide Joint Meta-Analysis of SNP and SNP-by-Smoking Interaction Identifies Novel Loci for Pulmonary Function
- 2012
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In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 8:12, s. e1003098-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic loci for spirometic measures of pulmonary function, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and its ratio to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). Given that cigarette smoking adversely affects pulmonary function, we conducted genome-wide joint meta-analyses (JMA) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SNP-by-smoking (ever-smoking or pack-years) associations on FEV1 and FEV1/FVC across 19 studies (total N = 50,047). We identified three novel loci not previously associated with pulmonary function. SNPs in or near DNER (smallest PJMA = 5.00×10−11), HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQA2 (smallest PJMA = 4.35×10−9), and KCNJ2 and SOX9 (smallest PJMA = 1.28×10−8) were associated with FEV1/FVC or FEV1 in meta-analysis models including SNP main effects, smoking main effects, and SNP-by-smoking (ever-smoking or pack-years) interaction. The HLA region has been widely implicated for autoimmune and lung phenotypes, unlike the other novel loci, which have not been widely implicated. We evaluated DNER, KCNJ2, and SOX9 and found them to be expressed in human lung tissue. DNER and SOX9 further showed evidence of differential expression in human airway epithelium in smokers compared to non-smokers. Our findings demonstrated that joint testing of SNP and SNP-by-environment interaction identified novel loci associated with complex traits that are missed when considering only the genetic main effects.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Huang, Z., et al.
(author)
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Ab initio understanding of magnetic properties in Zn2+ substitution of Fe3O4 ultra-thin film with dilute Zn substitution
- 2018
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In: AIP Advances. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2158-3226. ; 8:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mechanism of the magnetic properties on the Zn2+ substituted Fe3O4 film have been investigated based on first principle calculations. It is found that the surface effect plays an important role in the occupation of Zn ion, and in turn changes the magnetic moment. It may also destroy the half metallic behavior of Fe3O4 film even if the Zn2+ concentration only is one Zn2+ per unit cell (4%), which is different from that in bulk material.
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| 29. |
- Johnson, M.-H., et al.
(author)
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Review of natural ventilation models
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Ventilation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-3315 .- 2044-4044. ; 15, s. 186-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Natural ventilation (NV) is an important and efficient passive technique to reduce building cooling energy need and improve indoor air quality. NV design requires profound knowledge and accurate prediction of air flow and heat transfer in and around buildings that are highly dependent on varying external and internal conditions, as well as the building geometry and local site conditions. This paper reviews the important NV models and simulation tools and the comparisons of their prediction capabilities. A review of the analytical models reveals that these models are generally only applicable to specific geometries and driving forces. The complex interactions between combined driving forces and complex geometries results in sets of non-linear equations which must be solved numerically. Prevalent network airflow models are identified and compared, which generally use the same theory, and yield similar, often nearly identical results in inter-model comparison studies. Airflow network models incorporated into whole building energy simulation tools are also assessed. Results have shown that the current airflow model can be used to model most NV mechanisms, with an exception of wind-driven singlesided ventilation. For the predictable cases, the most accuracy is achieved for cases with small and simple openings. For larger openings and especially complicated openings, the model’s predictions are less accurate. Furthermore, the model is heavily dependent on several somewhat ambiguous coefficients including: wind profile exponent, pressure coefficient, and discharge coefficient.
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| 30. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Ostrander, E. A., et al.
(author)
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Dog10K : An international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health
- 2019
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In: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 6:4, s. 810-824
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dogs are the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species, and they possess more known heritable disorders than any other non-human mammal. Efforts to catalog and characterize genetic variation across well-chosen populations of canines are necessary to advance our understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic architecture. To date, no organized effort has been undertaken to sequence the world's canid populations. The Dog10K Consortium (http://www.dog10kgenomes.org) is an international collaboration of researchers from across the globe who will generate 20× whole genomes from 10 000 canids in 5 years. This effort will capture the genetic diversity that underlies the phenotypic and geographical variability of modern canids worldwide. Breeds, village dogs, niche populations and extended pedigrees are currently being sequenced, and de novo assemblies of multiple canids are being constructed. This unprecedented dataset will address the genetic underpinnings of domestication, breed formation, aging, behavior and morphological variation. More generally, this effort will advance our understanding of human and canine health.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ran, L., et al.
(author)
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Conformal Macroporous Inverse Opal Oxynitride-Based Photoanode for Robust Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
- 2021
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In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 143:19, s. 7402-7413
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is of prime importance in sustainable energy conversion systems; however, it is a big challenge to simultaneously control light harvesting and charge transport for the improvement of PEC performance. Herein, we report a three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3DOM) CsTaWO6-xNx inverse opal array as a promising candidate for the first time. To address the critical challenge, an ultrathin carbon-nitride-based layer-intercalated 3DOM CsTaWO6-xNx architecture as a conformal heterojunction photoanode was assembled. This state-of-the-art conformal heterojunction photoanode with carrier-separation efficiency up to 88% achieves a high current density of 4.59 mA cm-2 at 1.6 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) under simulated AM 1.5G illumination, which is approximately 3.4 and 17 times larger than that of pristine CsTaWO6-xNx inverse opals and powers photoelectrodes in alkaline media, corresponding to an incident photon-to-current efficiency of 32% at 400 nm and outstanding stability for PEC water splitting. Density functional theory calculations propose that the intimate interface of a conformal photoanode optimizes the charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing the intrinsic water oxidation performance. This work enables us to elucidate the pivotal importance of 3DOM architectures and conformal heterostructures and the promising contributions to excellent PEC water-splitting applications.
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| 37. |
- Ran, L., et al.
(author)
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Defect Engineering of Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion
- 2020
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In: Solar RRL. - : Wiley. - 2367-198X. ; 4:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Solar energy conversion is one of the most versatile approaches for sustainable energy demands. The fundamental limitations for photocatalysis remain light absorption, charge separation, and photocatalytic (PC) performance of the catalysts. For the past few decades, defect engineering has been proven to be a promising solution for converting solar energy to chemical energy. In this regard, the recent progress of defect engineering toward solar energy conversion is summarized. Beginning with defects classification, the definition of various defects, synthesized strategies, and characterization techniques of controllable material defects are presented. The role of defect engineering on solar energy conversion is developed, extending light absorption, promoting charge separation, and facilitating stable PC reaction. The achievement of the defective photocatalysts is discussed toward versatile applications such as solar water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, molecular activation, pollutants degradation, and solar cells. Finally, this Review, with regards to defect engineering, ends with the future opportunities and challenges for this exciting and emerging area for solar energy conversion.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Song, Y., et al.
(author)
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Engineering MoOx/MXene Hole Transfer Layers for Unexpected Boosting of Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
- 2022
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In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 61:16
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of semiconductor photoanodes is of great practical interest for the realization of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, MXene quantum dots (MQD) were grafted on a BiVO4 substrate, then a MoOx layer by combining an ultrathin oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) was constructed as an integrated photoanode. The OEC/MoOx/MQD/BiVO4 array not only achieves a current density of 5.85 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), but also enhances photostability. From electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations, high PEC performance is ascribed to the incorporation of MoOx/MQD as hole transfer layers, retarding charge recombination, promoting hole transfer and accelerating water splitting kinetics. This proof-of-principle work not only demonstrates the potential utilization of hole transfer layers, but also sheds light on rational design and fabrication of integrated photoanodes for feasible solar energy conversion.
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| 40. |
- Vizlin-Hodzic, Dzeneta, et al.
(author)
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Early onset of inflammation during ontogeny of bipolar disorder: the NLRP2 inflammasome gene distinctly differentiates between patients and healthy controls in the transition between iPS cell and neural stem cell stages
- 2017
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In: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 7:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Neuro-inflammation and neuronal communication are considered as mis-regulated processes in the aetiology and pathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Which and when specific signal pathways become abnormal during the ontogeny of bipolar disorder patients is unknown. To address this question, we applied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology followed by cortical neural differentiation on adipocyte-derived cells from BD type I patients (with psychotic episodes in psychiatric history) and healthy volunteers (controls). RNA sequencing in iPSC and cortical neural stem cell (NSC) lines were used to examine alterations between the transcriptomes from BD I and control samples during transition from the pluripotent stage towards the neural developmental stage. At the iPSC stage, the most highly significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) was the NLRP2 inflammasome (P = 2.66 × 10-10). Also among 42 DEGs at the NSC stage, NLRP2 showed the strongest statistical significance (P = 3.07 × 10-19). In addition, we have also identified several cytoskeleton-associated genes as DEGs from the NSC stage, such as TMP2, TAGLN, and ACTA2; the former two genes are recognised for the first time to be associated with BD. Our results also suggest that iPSC-derived BD-cortical NSCs carry several abnormalities in dopamine and GABA receptor canonical pathways, underlining that our in vitro BD model reflects pathology in the CNS. This would indicate that mis-regulated gene expression of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, and cytoskeletal signalling occurs during early foetal brain development of BD I patients.
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| 41. |
- Wei, Y., et al.
(author)
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Integrated inverse design of ventilation for an aircraft cabin
- 2019
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In: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2267-1242.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cabin ventilation is crucial for maintaining thermal comfort and air quality for passengers and crew. The genetic algorithm, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and adjoint method have been proposed to inversely design the cabin ventilation. However, each method has its cons and pros. This paper proposed to integrate the above three methods in cascades. The genetic algorithm was applied first in the first stage to roughly circumscribe the ranges of design parameters. Then POD was applied in the next stage to further narrow the ranges and estimate the optimal parametric sets for each design criterion. The estimated optimal design from POD was supplied to the adjoint method for fine tuning. The air-supply parameters of a five-row aircraft cabin were inversely designed to achieve the minimum absolute value of the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the minimum averaged mean age of air. The results showed that the integrated method was able to improve the design stage by stage. The integrated method has superior advantages to assure the optimal design while minimizing the computing expense.
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| 42. |
- Wu, Y., et al.
(author)
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Rational Design of Nanocatalysts with Nonmetal Species Modification for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
- 2020
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 10:29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Converting CO2 to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO2 reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO2 reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO2 reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single-atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Yang, ZJ, et al.
(author)
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Integration of Distinct Analysis Strategies Improves Tissue-Trait Association Identification
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in genetics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-8021. ; 13, s. 798269-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with transcriptomic data, human complex traits and diseases have been linked to relevant tissues and cell types using different methods. However, different results from these methods generated confusion while no gold standard is currently accepted, making it difficult to evaluate the discoveries. Here, applying three methods on the same data source, we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of these methods in the absence of a gold standard. We established a more specific tissue-trait association atlas by combining the information captured by different methods. Our triangulation strategy improves the performance of existing methods in establishing tissue-trait associations. The results provide better etiological and functional insights for the tissues underlying different human complex traits and diseases.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- ZHAI, Q, et al.
(author)
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CHARACTERIZATION OF GROWTH-HORMONE BINDING-SITES IN RAT-BRAIN
- 1994
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In: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - 0803-5253. ; 83, s. 92-95
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The binding of I-125-labelled rat growth hormone (GH) to different areas in the brain was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. A high density of GH binding was found in the choroid plexus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pituitary and spinal cord, whereas a lo
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Zhang, B., et al.
(author)
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Regulating *OCHO Intermediate as Rate-Determining Step of Defective Oxynitride Nanosheets Enabling Robust CO2 Electroreduction
- 2022
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In: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:27, s. 2200321-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The electrochemical conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons is an important approach to store sustainable energy and address climate concerns. However, it is a huge challenge to unearth a promising model for elucidating the role of dopants and vacancies on catalysts upon CO2 electroreduction. Herein, porous indium oxynitride nanosheets with simultaneous incorporation of nitrogen dopant and oxygen vacancy (Vo-N-InON) are reported for achieving efficient CO2 conversion to formic acid (HCOOH). As a result, the catalyst exhibits an extremely high formate selectivity of 95.1% at a low potential of −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) compared with pristine In2O3, Vo-In2O3, and InN, delivering a large partial current density of 121.1 mA cm–2 for formate production at −1.13 V versus RHE in the flow cell. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the generation of *OCHO intermediate is the rate-determining step. The synergistic effect between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies contributes to the activation of CO2, facilitates the charge transfer, and reduces the reaction free energy of *OCHO protonation. This work not only discloses a fundamental understanding of synergistic effects between nitrogen dopants and oxygen vacancies to improve catalytic performance, but also provides an effective platform toward CO2 conversion.
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| 50. |
- Zheng, S., et al.
(author)
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Evaluation and comparison of various fast fluid dynamics modeling methods for predicting airflow around buildings
- 2022
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In: Building Simulation. - : Springer Nature. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 15:6, s. 1083-1095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are being increasingly used for predicting airflow fields around buildings, but personal computers can still take tens of hours to create a single design using traditional computing models. Considering both accuracy and efficiency, this study compared the performances of the conventional algorithm PIMPLE, fast fluid dynamics (FFD), semi-Lagrangian PISO (SLPISO), and implicit fast fluid dynamics (IFFD) in OpenFOAM for simulating wind flow around buildings. The effects of calculation parameters, including grid resolution, discrete-time step, and calculation time for these methods are analyzed. The results of the simulations are compared with wind tunnel tests. It is found that IFFD and FFD have the fastest calculation speeds, but also have the largest discrepancies with test data. The PIMPLE algorithm has the highest accuracy, but with the slowest calculation speed. The calculation speeds of the FFD, SLPISO, and IFFD models are 6.3, 3 and 13.3 times faster than the PIMPLE model, respectively. The calculation accuracy and speed of the SLPISO model are in between those of the IFFD, FFD and PIMPLE models. An appropriate algorithm for a project may be chosen based on the requirements of the project.
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