| 1. |
- An, Zihao, et al.
(author)
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Stereotypes and the public acceptability of shared micromobility
- 2023
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In: Travel Behaviour and Society. - 2214-367X. ; 33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding the public's views and acceptability of shared micromobility (SMM) is crucial for uncovering barriers to incorporating SMM into sustainable urban mobility. This research studies stereotypes of SMM and their impacts on SMM's public acceptability. We focus on shared e-scooters and shared bikes/e-bikes in England, the Netherlands, and Sweden. We conceptualise stereotypes of SMM, developing a scale for their measurement. Factor analysis reveals that stereotypes of SMM are structured around two cognitive dimensions, namely, warmth and competence, which aligns with the stereotype content model. Warmth captures individuals' stereotyped SMM user images regarding how the users interact with other road users; competence reflects individuals' stereotyped SMM's capabilities to improve existing transport systems. Overall, stereotypes of SMM, characterised by low levels of warmth and high levels of competence, are ambivalent. Yet, they are also variable. Analysis of covariance unveils variations in SMM stereotypes across countries, sociodemographics, and travel patterns. Swedish residents, older adults, individuals from households without children, SMM users, and car-oriented individuals hold lower levels of warmth (for both types of SMM) and competence (for shared e-scooters) than their counterparts. Finally, the public acceptability of shared e-scooters is neutral, whilst that of shared bikes/e-bikes is mildly positive. Multivariate analyses show that stereotypes' warmth and competence are positively associated with individuals' acceptability of SMM, cumulatively accounting for over 50% of the variation in acceptability. Our findings help inform policies and planning on SMM. The developed scale holds the potential for evaluating stereotypes of SMM in particular and emerging transport services in general.
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| 2. |
- Caggiani, Leonardo, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the Efficiency of Bike-Sharing Stations with Data Envelopment Analysis
- 2021
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper focuses on the efficiency evaluation of bike-sharing systems (BSSs) and develops an approach based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to support the decisions regarding the performance evaluation of BSS stations. The proposed methodology is applied and tested for the Malmöbybike BSS in Malmö, Sweden. This was done by employing spatial analyses and data about the BSS usage trends as well as taking into account transport, land use, and socioeconomic context of the case study. The results of the application demonstrate consistency with the literature and highlight meaningful associations between the station relative efficiency and the urban context. More specifically, the paper provides in-depth knowledge about the preprocessing data, selection of input and output variables, and the underlying analytical approach to be potentially applied to other cases and urban contexts. Overall, the DEA-based methodology presented in this study could assist decision-makers and planners with developing operational strategies for planning and management of BSS stations and networks.
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| 3. |
- Cannon, Russell, et al.
(author)
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Barriers to better bicycle parking for promoting intermodal journeys : An inter-organisational collaboration perspective
- 2024
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In: Transport Policy. - 1879-310X. ; 145, s. 65-73
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organisational structures in the transport sector are often complex and fragmented, with different authorities responsible for different stages of a traveller’s journey. In such circumstances, collaboration across organisationalboundaries is required to facilitate intermodal journeys. This paper aims to provide empirically grounded insights into collaboration in transport planning, extending the literature to include cycling as an access and egress mode. This is done by examining the challenge of improving bicycle parking facilities at railway stations in Copenhagen, Denmark. Interviews with key actors involved in public transport and cycling planning reveal three main inter-organisational barriers to improving station bicycle parking in Copenhagen. First, station bicycle parking falls between the responsibilities of different organisations and levels of governance. Second, the absence of an established funding formula contributes to negotiation-oriented rather than collaborative interactions among the stakeholders. Third, the tension between cyclist satisfaction and rail passenger growth targets hinders collective action. In summary, despite Copenhagen’s strong cycling identity and the prioritisation of this transportation mode in the city’s political decision-making and transport planning, the issue of station bicycle parking highlights the complexity of multi-actor governance of intermodal journeys.
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| 4. |
- Cannon, Russell, et al.
(author)
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The organisation of door-to-door journeys involving public transport : insights from four european city regions
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 241-242
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This international study, part of the JPI Urban Europe project EASIER, aims to unravel the governance complexities of intermodality. Through a series of workshops, the study analyses the governance of door-to-door mobility by mapping organisational roles, responsibilities and relationships in the context of multimodal regional transport networks in four countries: Lund/Malmö (Sweden), Copenhagen (Denmark), Berlin (Germany) and Trøndelag (Norway). It highlights the challenges associated with organising intermodal journeys and provides examples of governance mechanisms in each country that support integration and inter-organisational collaboration. Data was collected through workshops with stakeholders representing organisations involved in public transport governance. The workshops aimed to map organisational roles and responsibilities, identify challenges and highlight examples of good practice. Each workshop was structured around an example of a local journey, designed to raise issues of coordination across modal, spatial and organisational boundaries.The results show that door-to-door mobility presents similar challenges across different national contexts. Many of these challenges stem from the recognition that while facilitating intermodal journeys requires comprehensive and integrated planning across modal and spatial boundaries, the governance of public transport is often constrained by fragmented, multi-level structures and regulatory barriers. In one workshop, the door-to-door journey was described as a puzzle; a puzzle that no one takes responsibility for solving. The findings of this study underline the importance of collaboration to create a cohesive and efficient transport network that enables users to make seamless, intermodal door-to-door journeys. The study highlights the value of establishing partnerships and national funding mechanisms with the explicit aim of supporting collaboration, aligning objectives and unifying regulations across complex and fragmented governance structures.
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| 5. |
- Carstensen, Trine Agervig, et al.
(author)
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The Spatio-Temporal Development of Copenhagen’s Bicycle Infrastructure 1912-2013
- 2015
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In: Danish Journal of Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1399-0179 .- 0016-7223 .- 1903-2471. ; 115:2, s. 142-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cycling plays an important role in low-carbon transitions. Around the globe, cities are constructing bicycle infrastructure. The city of Copenhagen has a bicycle-friendly infrastructure celebrated for its fine-meshed network. This study documents the spatio-temporal development of Copenhagen’s bicycle infrastructure and explores how the development corresponds to other processes of urban transformation. The study builds on historical maps of bicycle infrastructure that are digitised into geographical information, which allows for a comprehensive analysis of the formation of the network. In search for identifying drivers, the study analyses the city’s spatial growth pattern, migration pattern, development of road network and changes in the transport culture. Analyses reveal that the bicycle infrastructure expanded at a relatively constant pace during distinct periods of urban transformation, including periods when the city suffered from spatial, economic and demographic decline, and dominance of car traffic. By discussing reasons and demands for constructing bicycle infrastructure, the study identifies four distinct periods in which bicycle infrastructure was constructed to enhance comfort and safety (first cycling city); the flow for cars (car city); urban liveability for soft transport (liveable city); and, finally, to improve the flow for cyclists as part a strategic re-design of urban space (liveable cycling city).
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| 6. |
- Fresard, Laure, et al.
(author)
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Identification of rare-disease genes using blood transcriptome sequencing and large control cohorts
- 2019
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In: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:6, s. 911-919
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is estimated that 350 million individuals worldwide suffer from rare diseases, which are predominantly caused by mutation in a single gene(1). The current molecular diagnostic rate is estimated at 50%, with whole-exome sequencing (WES) among the most successful approaches(2-5). For patients in whom WES is uninformative, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has shown diagnostic utility in specific tissues and diseases(6-8). This includes muscle biopsies from patients with undiagnosed rare muscle disorders(6,9), and cultured fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial disorders(7). However, for many individuals, biopsies are not performed for clinical care, and tissues are difficult to access. We sought to assess the utility of RNA-seq from blood as a diagnostic tool for rare diseases of different pathophysiologies. We generated whole-blood RNA-seq from 94 individuals with undiagnosed rare diseases spanning 16 diverse disease categories. We developed a robust approach to compare data from these individuals with large sets of RNA-seq data for controls (n = 1,594 unrelated controls and n = 49 family members) and demonstrated the impacts of expression, splicing, gene and variant filtering strategies on disease gene identification. Across our cohort, we observed that RNA-seq yields a 7.5% diagnostic rate, and an additional 16.7% with improved candidate gene resolution.
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| 7. |
- Hamidi, Zahra, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Shaping sustainable travel behaviour : Attitude, skills, and access all matter
- 2020
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In: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Drawing on the conceptualisation of motility as the capacity to be mobile, this paper employs statistical and GIS-based analyses to explore the associations between travel mode choice and mobility-related attitudes, skills and opportunities to access transport modes. The study builds on survey data and spatial data from three urban contexts of Beijing, Gothenburg and Malmo to analyse both individual-level and contextual factors influencing sustainable travel behaviour. The results indicate that despite varying contexts, the three dimensions of attitude, skills and access significantly explain individuals' travel behaviour and their choice to travel by public transport, bicycle or car. Among the studied travel modes, cycling appears to be a competitive mode when the travel distances are within 5 km. In all three urban contexts, individuals who have greater environmental awareness are more likely to travel by public transport or cycling if the physical conditions facilitate using these modes. Good access to public transport is likely to increase the usage of both cycling and public transport and reduce car use. Favourable conditions for cycling within 2 km and 5 km radius can positively encourage people to use a bicycle as a feeder mode for public transport. Overall, our findings demonstrate that for mobility policies to increase individuals' motility in relation to sustainable travel modes and encourage a travel behaviour shift towards using alternatives to cars, planners need to take more holistic approaches and design policies that deal with the three motility dimensions in an integrated manner and avoid focusing on a single dimension in isolation.
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| 8. |
- Jevinger, Åse, et al.
(author)
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Artificial intelligence for improving public transport : a mapping study
- 2024
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In: Public Transport. - : Springer. - 1866-749X .- 1613-7159. ; 16:1, s. 99-158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the potential of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve Public Transport (PT), by reviewing research literature. The selection process resulted in 87 scientific publications constituting a sample of how AI has been applied to improve PT. The review shows that the primary aims of using AI are to improve the service quality or to better understand traveller behaviour. Train and bus are the dominant modes of transport investigated. Furthermore, AI is mainly used for three tasks; the most frequent one is prediction, followed by an estimation of the current state, and resource allocation, including planning and scheduling. Only two studies concern automation; all the others provide different kinds of decision support for travellers, PT operators, PT planners, or municipalities. Most of the reviewed AI solutions require significant amounts of data related to the travellers and the PT system. Machine learning is the most frequently used AI technology, with some studies applying reasoning or heuristic search techniques. We conclude that there still remains a great potential of using AI to improve PT waiting to be explored, but that there are also some challenges that need to be considered. They are often related to data, e.g., that large datasets of high quality are needed, that substantial resources and time are needed to pre-process the data, or that the data compromise personal privacy. Further research is needed about how to handle these issues efficiently.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Persson, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Efterfrågestyrd kollektivtrafik : Systemeffekter och acceptans
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Efterfrågestyrd kollektivtrafik (DRT) är en transporttjänst där fordonet anpassar sin rutt baserat på resenärernas särskilda transportbehov. I denna rapport presenteras resultat som pekar på väsentliga möjligheter för DRT att kunna öka tillgänglighet för människor utanför städer till systemkostnader som kan vara likvärdiga med relativt gles linjelagd busstrafik.Resultaten pekar vidare på att energi-/miljöeffekterna kan bli likvärdiga om linjelagd kollektivtrafik ersätts med DRT, åtminstone vid relativt gles trafik. Om DRT ersätter privata bilresor kan det totala antalet fordonskilometrar gå upp eller ned beroende på uppnådd samåkningsgrad i förhållande till tomkörning. Väsentlig reduktion av det totala antalet fordonskilometrar kan typiskt bara uppnås om en privat bilresa ersätts med en kombinationsresa med DRT och tidtabellstyrd kollektivtrafik. En möjlighet med DRT är att tjänsten kan bidra till att minska det totala antalet fordon i samhället. Simuleringsresultat pekar på att ett DRT-fordon kan ha potential att ersätta upp till 30 privata fordon (under relativt gynnsamma antagande).Noterbart är att DRT kan utformas på många sätt avseende till exempel var, när och hur den erbjuds, vilket har stor påverkan på både systemeffekter och attraktivitet för potentiella resenärer.Resultaten från användarundersökningar pekar på att DRT kan vara intressant för många resenärer i olika åldrar. Det som resenärer ser som mest attraktivt är möjligheter till resor dörr-till-dörr, ökad tillgång till kollektivtrafik, flexibilitet i förhållande till rutt och tidtabell, och att DRT kan bidra till ökad säkerhet. Resultaten indikerar att DRT ses av unga och äldre som en möjlighet till ökad tillgänglighet i miljöer utanför städerna, där kollektivtrafikens utbud idag uppfattas som relativt begränsat.Vad gäller äldre resenärer är majoriteten positiv till att använda DRT, även om de troligen skulle använda tjänsten relativt sällan. Dessutom skulle äldre resenärer acceptera en viss grad av ändrade reseförhållanden, som till exempel försenad upphämtningstid. Det här innebär att det finns utrymme för effektivitetsvinster på så vis att resans förutsättningar kan förändras, till exempel vad gäller resrutten, samtidigt som majoriteten av de äldre resenärerna skulle fortsätta att använda tjänsten.
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| 11. |
- Song, Jinchao, et al.
(author)
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Mapping spatio-temporal patterns and detecting the factors of traffic congestion with multi-source data fusion and mining techniques
- 2019
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In: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0198-9715. ; 77
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The study focuses on mapping spatiotemporal patterns and detecting the potential drivers of traffic congestion with multi-source data. First, based on real-time traffic data retrieved from an online map, the k-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify the spatiotemporal distribution of congested roads. Then, we applied a geographical detector (Geo-detector) to mine the potential factors for each spatiotemporal pattern. The results showed six congestion patterns for intra-regional roads and inter-regional roads on weekdays. On both intra-regional and inter-regional roads, congestion density reflected by building height was the strongest indicator during the morning peak period. Public facilities such as hospitals, tourist sites and green spaces located near areas of employment or residential areas contributed to congestion during and off-peak hours. On intra-regional roads, the sparse road network and greater distance from the city center contribute to congestion during peak hours. On inter-regional roads, the number of bus stops contributed most to the early evening peak congestion, while the design of the entrances to large buildings in mixed business areas and public service areas increased the level of congestion. The results suggest that land use should be more mixed in high-density areas as this would reduce the number of trips made to the city center. However, mixed land-use planning should also be combined with a detailed design of the microenvironment to improve accessibility for different travel modes in order to increase the efficiency of traffic and reduce congestion. The innovative approach can be potentially applied in traffic congestion and land use planning studies elsewhere based on real-time multi-source data.
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| 12. |
- Song, Jinchao, et al.
(author)
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Monitoring finer-scale population density in urban functional zones : A remote sensing data fusion approach
- 2019
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In: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046. ; 190
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatial distribution information on population density is essential for understanding urban dynamics. In recent decades, remote sensing techniques have often been applied to assess population density, particularly night-time light data (NTL). However, such attempts have resulted in mapped population density at coarse/medium resolution, which often limits the applicability of such data for fine-scale territorial planning. The improved quality and availability of multi-source remote sensing imagery and location-based service data (LBS) (from mobile networks or social media) offers new potential for providing more accurate population information at the micro-scale level. In this paper, we developed a fine-scale population distribution mapping approach by combining the functional zones (FZ) mapped with high-resolution satellite images, NTL data, and LBS data. Considering the possible variations in the relationship between population distribution and nightlight brightness in functional zones, we tested and found spatial heterogeneity of the relationship between NTL and the population density of LBS samples. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was thus implemented to test potential improvements to the mapping accuracy. The performance of the following four models was evaluated: only ordinary least squares regression (OLS), only GWR, OLS with functional zones (OLS&FZ) and GWR with functional zones (GWR&FZ). The results showed that NTL-based GWR&FZ was the most accurate and robust approach, with an accuracy of 0.71, while the mapped population density was at a unit of 30 m spatial resolution. The detailed population density maps developed in our approach can contribute to fine-scale urban planning, healthcare and emergency responses in many parts of the world.
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| 13. |
- Song, Jinchao, et al.
(author)
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Spatio-temporal patterns of traffic-related air pollutant emissions in different urban functional zones estimated by real-time video and deep learning technique
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 238
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between spatial-temporal patterns of vehicles types and numbers in different urban functional zones and traffic-related air pollutant emissions with real-time traffic data collected from traffic surveillance video and image recognition. The data were analyzed by using video-based detection technique, while the air pollution was quantified via pollutant emission coefficients. The results revealed that: (1) the order of traffic-related pollutant emissions was expressway > business zone > industrial zone > residential zone > port; (2) daily maximum emissions of each pollutant occurred in different functional zones on weekdays and weekends. With the exception of expressway, the business zones had the highest emissions of CO, HC and VOC on weekdays, while the highest emissions of all the pollutants (CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, PM1.0, and VOC) were at the weekend. The industrial zone had the highest emissions of NOx, PM2.5 and PM1.0 on weekdays; (3) pollutant emissions (CO, HC, NOx, PM2.5, PM1.0 and VOC) in all functional zones peaked in the morning and evening peak except at port sites; (4) cars and motorcycles represented the major source of traffic-related pollutant emissions. Collecting data through video-based vehicle detection with finer spatio-temporal resolution represents a cost-effective way of mapping spatio-temporal patterns of traffic-related air pollution to contribute to urban planning and climate change studies.
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| 14. |
- Wang, Lanjing, et al.
(author)
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Non-linear effects of the built environment and social environment on bus use among older adults in china : An application of the xgboost model
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) decision tree to explore the non-linear associations of the built and social environment with bus use among older adults in China. The bus use of older adults was obtained from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. Results show that non-linear relationships exist among all built environment and social environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the percentage of green space land use, land use mixture, bus-stop density, and dwelling unit density are positively related to bus use among older adults. Like-wise, one social environment variable, the proportion of older adults in a neighborhood, is the key social environment variable. Furthermore, the dwelling unit density and proportion of older adults appear to have an inverse U-shaped relationship. Additionally, age, ownership of motorcycles, and distance from home to the nearest bus stop also show non-linearity. The findings presented in this paper facilitate effective planning interventions to promote bus use among older adults.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Wenxiao, et al.
(author)
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Nonlinear associations of the built environment with cycling frequency among older adults in Zhongshan, China
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:20
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The health and welfare of older adults have raised increasing attention due to global aging. Cycling is a physical activity and mode of transportation to enhance the mobility and quality of life among older adults. Nevertheless, the planning strategies to promote cycling among older adults are underutilized. Therefore, this paper describes the nonlinear associations of the built environment with cycling frequency among older adults. The data were collected from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. The modeling approach was the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model. The findings demonstrated that nonlinear relationships exist among all the selected built environment attributes. Within specific intervals, the population density, the land-use mixture, the distance from home to the nearest bus stop, and the distance from home to CBD are positively correlated to the cycling among older adults. Additionally, an inverse “U”-shaped relationship appears in the percentage of green space land use among all land uses. Moreover, the intersection density is inversely related to the cycling frequency among older adults. These findings provide nuanced and appropriate guidance for establishing age-friendly neighborhoods.
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| 16. |
- Wu, Jiani, et al.
(author)
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Non-linear Relationships Between the Built Environment and Walking Frequency Among Older Adults in Zhongshan, China
- 2021
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In: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Promoting walking activity is an effective way to improve the health of older adults. Walking frequency is a critical component of walking behavior and an essential determinant of daily walking levels. To decipher the association between the built environment and walking frequency among older adults, this study's aims are as follows: (1) to empirically test whether non-linear relationships between the two exist, and (2) to identify the thresholds of the built environment characteristics that promote walking. Methods: The walking frequency of old adults was derived from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. The sample size of old adults aged 60 or over was 4784 from 274 urban and rural neighborhoods. A semi-parametric generalized additive model (GAMM) is used to analyze the non-linear or non-monotonic relationships between the built environment and the walking frequency among older adults. Results: We found that non-linear relationships exist among five out of the six built environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the population density, sidewalk density, bus stop density, land use mixture, and the percentage of green space are positively related to older adults' walking trips. Furthermore, the land use mixture and the percentage of green space show an inverse “V”-shaped relationship. Conclusions: Built environment features can either support or hinder the walking frequency among older adults. The findings in the current study contribute to effective land use and transport policies for promoting active travel among older adults.
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| 17. |
- Zhang, Guobin, et al.
(author)
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Thermal Analysis of AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors with Graphene
- 2018
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In: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1533-4880 .- 1533-4899. ; 18:11, s. 7578-7583
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A thermal analysis of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Graphene is investigated using Silvaco and Finite Element Method. Two thermal management solutions are adopted; first of all, graphene is used as dissipation material between SiC substrate and GaN buffer layer to reduce thermal boundary resistance of the device. At the same time, graphene is also used as a thermal spread material on the top of the source contacts to reduce thermal resistance of the device. The thermal analysis results show that the temperature rise of device adopting graphene decreases by 46.5% in transistors operating at 13.86 W/mm. Meanwhile, the thermal resistance of GaN HEMTs with graphene is 6.8 K/W, which is much lower than the device without graphene, which is 18.5 K/W. The thermal management solutions are useful for integration of large-scale graphene into practical devices for effective heat spreading in AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Zhao, Chunli, et al.
(author)
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Policy instruments for a more transport efficient society : A pre-study comparing the cases of California and Sweden
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this report is to provide summary information of the policy instruments that have either been implemented or are under discussion in order to reduce vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) by cars and trucks in the state of California and in Sweden. The summary is based on a review of policy documents, reports and scientific papers that are relevant for both cases, as well as interviews with a senior policy advisor from California, and a professor with more than 30 years of experience in a wide range of issues within the fields of transport analysis, transport modelling and transport policy within the Swedish context, from Lund University, Sweden. In both cases, reducing VKT is mainly linked to reaching policy goals of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In both cases, this is considered an effective strategy for reducing GHG emissions. However, both cases appear to be engaged in an exploratory process with respect to the development of both policy and policy instruments for reducing VKT, even if the cases appear to be in slightly different stages of this exploratory process.
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| 20. |
- Zhao, Chunli, et al.
(author)
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Potential of demand responsive transport for young people in Sweden
- 2024
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In: Transportation Research Part A. - : Elsevier. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 184
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Demand responsive transport (DRT) is an intermediate form of public transport which is provided based on users’ demand. The study explores the potential of DRT for meeting young people’s travel needs, focusing on school and leisure journeys. Our results, building on a survey study in Sweden, suggest that DRT services offering a door-to-door journey and the flexibility of pick-up times could be competitive not only with intermodal transport alternative and conventional public transport modes but also with feeder modes to public transport such as cycling. DRT exhibits more potential in rural areas than urban areas, especially in areas with poor public transport service provision. To attract young people and maintain them as regular users: DRT needs to provide a high-quality service that can compete successfully with cars; system design features and measures aiming to improve safety and security for young people, particularly when traveling to leisure activities, are among the most essential attributes.
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| 21. |
- Zhao, Lun, et al.
(author)
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YOLOv8-QR : An improved YOLOv8 model via attention mechanism for object detection of QR code defects
- 2024
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In: Computers & electrical engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0045-7906 .- 1879-0755. ; 118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Defect detection in Quick Response (QR) codes has important implications for downstream tasks. However, QR code defects include small objects and complex backgrounds, which makes their recognition effect poor. To address the above problems, we proposed a model based on YOLOv8, called YOLOv8-QR, to detect QR code defects. Specifically, first, the non-local attention (Non-local) module is introduced into the backbone of the YOLOv8 to enhance the interactive ability of the feature. The Non-local captures the correlation information of long-distance dependencies between features by calculating the attention weight between any positions. In addition, the contextual information required for representation learning of different defective objects is different. To extract multi-scale features, a Large Selective Kernel Network (LSKNet) was introduced. LSKNet dynamically adjusts the convolution receptive field of the neck fusion network and effectively uses the receptive field to capture the background information of different objects, thereby improving the representation ability of the model. To improve the defect detection accuracy of small objects in QR codes, the Normalized Gaussian Wasserstein Distance (NGWD) is introduced to replace the Intersection over Union (IoU) optimization function that is sensitive to the position deviation of objects and is not conducive to the regression of multi-scale objects. To verify the effectiveness of the model, the QR dataset was constructed and a series of experiments were conducted based on this dataset. The results show that the mAP50 and mAP50:95 of the YOLOv8-QR reach 95.5% and 65%, which are 3.8% and 2.3% higher than YOLOv8 respectively. The proposed YOLOv8-QR can better adapt to the needs of QR code defect detection in actual industrial environments. Our code is available at https://github.com/Code-of-Liujie/YOLOv8-QR.git. © 2024
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