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- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 7. |
- Ju, Fei, et al.
(author)
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Integrated Propulsion and Cabin-Cooling Management for Electric Vehicles
- 2022
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In: Actuators. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0825. ; 11:12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents two nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) methods for the integrated propulsion and cabin-cooling management of electric vehicles. An air-conditioning (AC) model, which has previously been validated on a real system, is used to accomplish system-level optimization. To investigate the optimal solution for the integrated optimal control problem (OCP), we first build an MPC, referred to as a joint MPC, in which the goal is to minimize battery energy consumption while maintaining cabin-cooling comfort. Second, we divide the integrated OCP into two small-scale problems and devise a co-optimization MPC (co-MPC), where speed planning on hilly roads and cabin-cooling management with propulsion power information are addressed successively. Our proposed MPC methods are then validated through two case studies. The results show that both the joint MPC and co-MPC can produce significant energy benefits while maintaining driving and thermal comfort. Compared to regular constant-speed cruise control that is equipped with a proportion integral (PI)-based AC controller, the benefits to the battery energy earned by the joint MPC and co-MPC range from 2.09% to 2.72%. Furthermore, compared with the joint MPC, the co-MPC method can achieve comparable performance in energy consumption and temperature regulation but with reduced computation time.
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| 8. |
- Ju, Fei, et al.
(author)
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Predictive Cruise Controller for Electric Vehicle to Save Energy and Extend Battery Lifetime
- 2023
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In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 72:1, s. 469-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Electric vehicles are considered the most effective solution to the petroleum crisis and reduction of air pollution. In order to enhance energy efficiency and battery lifetime, this paper designs a predictive cruise controller (EC) for electric vehicles. Road information and traffic preview are employed for velocity planning while minimizing energy usage, maintaining battery health, and avoiding collision with a lead vehicle. To enable real-time implementation, we apply a model predictive control (MPC) framework formulated in space domain, and approximation and relaxation are introduced to obtain a smooth nonlinear program. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller yields suboptimal performance as compared to the globally optimal solution. For higher practicability on real-life scenarios, we develop an enhanced EC that is capable of optimizing the stopping of the ego vehicle. According to the car-following studies where the lead vehicle is driven using real-life data, the enhanced EC achieves ${7.14}{\%}$ energy saving and ${29.81}{\%}$ battery life extension when compared to the intelligent driving model. The computation time of ${40}{ms}$ per MPC update also demonstrates its potential for real-time applications.
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| 9. |
- Ju, Fei, et al.
(author)
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Predictive energy management with engine switching control for hybrid electric vehicle via ADMM
- 2023
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In: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 263
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies energy management (EM) of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with planetary gear sets. We first formulate a mixed-integer global optimal control problem that includes a binary switching variable. Convex modeling, including the fuel model for a compound energy conversion unit, is then presented to reformulate the mixed-integer EM as a two-step program. For optimizing the engine switching and battery power decisions in the first step, we employ the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm where the solution of the convex relaxation is used to initialize the non-convex problem. On the standard driving cycle, simulation results indicate that the ADMM based EM method saves 7.63% fuel compared to a heuristic method, and shows 99% optimality compared to a dynamic programming method, while saving three orders of magnitude in computing time. An ADMM combined model predictive control (ADMM-MPC) method is also developed that is suitable for receding horizon control scenarios. The ADMM-MPC method shows 5.28% fuel saving when implemented using a prediction horizon of 15 samples. Meanwhile, the mean computing time for MPC updates is 3.53 ms. Our results demonstrate that the proposed ADMM is capable of real-time control.
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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In: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(author)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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In: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 12. |
- Li, Xuan, et al.
(author)
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Multilayered structures with high subwavelength resolution based on the metal-dielectric composites
- 2009
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In: J OPT SOC AM A-OPT IMAGE SCI. - 1084-7529. ; 26:12, s. 2521-2525
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pure noble metals are usually considered to be negative-permittivity materials for multilayered structures. Such structures can produce flat equal-frequency contours and achieve subwavelength resolution by enabling all propagating and partial evanescent components of the source radiation to be transformed into propagating harmonics. We show that using a composite metal-dielectric layer with an appropriate metal filling factor instead of a negative-permittivity layer can facilitate operation at practically any desired wavelength and achieve good resolution (0.057 lambda) and that appropriate surface termination can improve the quality of imaging effectively.
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- Li, Xuan, et al.
(author)
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Optimized effective permittivity to improve imaging resolution of multilayered structures in the infrared
- 2009
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In: J OPT SOC AM A-OPT IMAGE SCI. - 1084-7529. ; 26:2, s. 365-370
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two periodic structures with different effective impedances, both comprising alternate layers of a positive and a negative permittivity material, are considered in the infrared. We find that the Fabry-Perot resonance effect periodically influences the sharpness of subwavelength focusing as the total thicknesses of the two structures increase, especially for the impedance-matched structure. On the basis of the improved multilayered structures, we design an optimized structure (i.e., the effective impedance is chosen between 0 and 1) for which a higher resolution less than lambda/12 (lambda is the wavelength in the air) can be obtained through weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the two different multilayered structures and choosing appropriate surface terminations.
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| 14. |
- Shen, Jian Qi, et al.
(author)
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Momentum transfer at quantum-vacuum level inside an anisotropic magnetoelectric medium
- 2007
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In: Wuli xuebao. - : Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. - 1000-3290. ; 56:5, s. 2719-2724
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The breaking of universal symmetry of electromagnetic field distribution in an anisotropic magnetoelectric material will give rise to nonzero vacuum momentum. This may lead to the transfer of momentum between the anisotropic quantum vacuum and the magnetoelectric material. Very recently, Feigel considered the quantum vacuum contribution to the momentum transfer effect [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 020404]. An alternative approach is proposed based on the eigenvector equation of electromagnetic field to calculate the total mechanical contribution of all anisotropic quantum-vacuum modes to the material momentum. It is suggested that the said macroscopic mechanical effect of quantum vacuum on the anisotropic material can be detected by current technology (e. g. fiber optical sensor), which can measure nanoscale velocity. Physical mechanism of such quantum vacuum effects and potential applications are discussed.
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| 15. |
- Shen, Jianqi, et al.
(author)
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The nonadiabatic conditional geometric phase shift in a coiled fiber system
- 2005
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In: Wuli xuebao. - : Acta Physica Sinica, Chinese Physical Society and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. - 1000-3290. ; 54:3, s. 1048-1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The nonadiabatic conditional geometric phase gate is required in the topological quantum computation in order to overcome the conflict between the requirement of adiabatic condition(to avoid the severe distortion from the nonadiabaticity to the results) and the removal of decoherence effects. It was demonstrated that the effective Hamiltonian that describes the propagation of photon fields inside the coiled fiber is just the Wang-Matsumoto type of Hamiltonian. Thus, the coiled fiber system will automatically generate the nonadiabatic conditional geometric phase shift. In addition, it was shown that the dynamical phase (resulting from the effective Hamiltonian) acquired by the polarized photons vanishes, and the conditional initial state can be easily prepared only by controlling the initial wave vector of photons. In a word, the coiled fiber system can automatically satisfy the requirements and conditions, which were proposed by Wang and Matsumoto in order to create the nonadiabatic conditional geometric phase shift in their NMR scheme.
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| 16. |
- Sui, Yu fei, et al.
(author)
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Engineering cofactor metabolism for improved protein and glucoamylase production in Aspergillus niger
- 2020
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In: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is an important cofactor ensuring intracellular redox balance, anabolism and cell growth in all living systems. Our recent multi-omics analyses of glucoamylase (GlaA) biosynthesis in the filamentous fungal cell factory Aspergillus niger indicated that low availability of NADPH might be a limiting factor for GlaA overproduction. Results: We thus employed the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle for metabolic engineering to identify and prioritize effective cofactor engineering strategies for GlaA overproduction. Based on available metabolomics and 13C metabolic flux analysis data, we individually overexpressed seven predicted genes encoding NADPH generation enzymes under the control of the Tet-on gene switch in two A. niger recipient strains, one carrying a single and one carrying seven glaA gene copies, respectively, to test their individual effects on GlaA and total protein overproduction. Both strains were selected to understand if a strong pull towards glaA biosynthesis (seven gene copies) mandates a higher NADPH supply compared to the native condition (one gene copy). Detailed analysis of all 14 strains cultivated in shake flask cultures uncovered that overexpression of the gsdA gene (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase), gndA gene (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) and maeA gene (NADP-dependent malic enzyme) supported GlaA production on a subtle (10%) but significant level in the background strain carrying seven glaA gene copies. We thus performed maltose-limited chemostat cultures combining metabolome analysis for these three isolates to characterize metabolic-level fluctuations caused by cofactor engineering. In these cultures, overexpression of either the gndA or maeA gene increased the intracellular NADPH pool by 45% and 66%, and the yield of GlaA by 65% and 30%, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of the gsdA gene had a negative effect on both total protein and glucoamylase production. Conclusions: This data suggests for the first time that increased NADPH availability can indeed underpin protein and especially GlaA production in strains where a strong pull towards GlaA biosynthesis exists. This data also indicates that the highest impact on GlaA production can be engineered on a genetic level by increasing the flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (gndA gene) followed by engineering the flux through the reverse TCA cycle (maeA gene). We thus propose that NADPH cofactor engineering is indeed a valid strategy for metabolic engineering of A. niger to improve GlaA production, a strategy which is certainly also applicable to the rational design of other microbial cell factories.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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