| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bethlehem, RAI, et al.
(author)
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Brain charts for the human lifespan
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 604:79057906, s. 525-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
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| 6. |
- Sun, M. D., et al.
(author)
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New short-lived isotope 223Np and the absence of the Z = 92 subshell closure near N = 126
- 2017
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 771, s. 303-308
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The N=130 short-lived isotope 223Np was produced as evaporation residue (ER) in the fusion reaction 40Ar + 187Re at the gas-filled recoil separator Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure (SHANS). It was identified through temporal and spatial correlations with α decays of 215Ac and/or 211Fr, the third and fourth members of the α-decay chain starting from 223Np. The pileup signals of ER(223Np)–α(223Np)–α(219Pa) were resolved by using the digital pulse processing technique. An α decay with half-life of T1/2=2.15(52100) μs and energy of Eα=9477(44) keV was attributed to 223Np. Spin and parity of 9/2− were tentatively proposed for the ground state of 223Np by combining the reduced α-decay width and large-scale shell-model calculations. This assignment together with the proton separation energy disprove the existence of a Z=92 subshell closure.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wang, Y.-D., et al.
(author)
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Grain-to-grain stress interactions in an electrodeposited iron coating
- 2005
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In: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 17:10, s. 1221-1226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The distribution of residual stresses, in an iron electrolytic coating with the thickness of 1 mm, was discussed. It was found that the coating minimizes the influence of crystallographic texture and stress gradients. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicate that some cracks are produced in the direct current deposited layer. The results show that the grain size in the electrolytic coating observed by transmission electron microscopy is around 20 nm with an aspect ratio of 5:1
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| 9. |
- Zuo, H., et al.
(author)
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Vitamin B6 catabolism and lung cancer risk : Results from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
- 2019
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In: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 30:3, s. 478-485
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Increased vitamin B6 catabolism related to inflammation, as measured by the PAr index (the ratio of 4-pyridoxic acid over the sum of pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate), has been positively associated with lung cancer risk in two prospective European studies. However, the extent to which this association translates to more diverse populations is not known. Materials and methods For this study, we included 5323 incident lung cancer cases and 5323 controls individually matched by age, sex, and smoking status within each of 20 prospective cohorts from the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. Cohort-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between PAr and lung cancer risk were calculated using conditional logistic regression and pooled using random-effects models. Results PAr was positively associated with lung cancer risk in a dose-response fashion. Comparing the fourth versus first quartiles of PAr resulted in an OR of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.19-1.59) for overall lung cancer risk. The association between PAr and lung cancer risk was most prominent in former smokers (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.36-2.10), men (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.28-2.00), and for cancers diagnosed within 3 years of blood draw (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34-2.23). Conclusion Based on pre-diagnostic data from 20 cohorts across 4 continents, this study confirms that increased vitamin B6 catabolism related to inflammation and immune activation is associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Moreover, PAr may be a pre-diagnostic marker of lung cancer rather than a causal factor.
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson, Jesper, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles
- 2022
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In: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:1, s. 107-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hlozek, R., et al.
(author)
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Results of the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)
- 2023
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 267:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Next-generation surveys like the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (Rubin) will generate orders of magnitude more discoveries of transients and variable stars than previous surveys. To prepare for this data deluge, we developed the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC), a competition that aimed to catalyze the development of robust classifiers under LSST-like conditions of a nonrepresentative training set for a large photometric test set of imbalanced classes. Over 1000 teams participated in PLAsTiCC, which was hosted in the Kaggle data science competition platform between 2018 September 28 and 2018 December 17, ultimately identifying three winners in 2019 February. Participants produced classifiers employing a diverse set of machine-learning techniques including hybrid combinations and ensemble averages of a range of approaches, among them boosted decision trees, neural networks, and multilayer perceptrons. The strong performance of the top three classifiers on Type Ia supernovae and kilonovae represent a major improvement over the current state of the art within astronomy. This paper summarizes the most promising methods and evaluates their results in detail, highlighting future directions both for classifier development and simulation needs for a next-generation PLAsTiCC data set.
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| 16. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(author)
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Unraveling dislocation-type evolution dominated strain hardening in laminated Ti/Nb composites
- 2022
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In: Materials Science & Engineering. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 851
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dislocation behavior in laminated metallic composites (LMCs) plays a pivotal role in strength and ductility of bulk materials. Here, we studied evolutions of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and statistically stored dislocations (SSDs) as well as their effects on strain hardening in the uniaxially deformed Ti/Nb LMCs fabricated by accumulative roll bonding plus the subsequent annealing. By combining in-situ neutron diffraction and ex-situ electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques, for the first time, we quantitatively reveal that dislocation evolutions in the laminates are independent of initial layer thickness within the micron scale. As the applied strain reaches the uniform elongation stage, GND density in Ti increases remarkably by an order of magnitude in all laminates, while that in Nb almost remains unchanged. Besides, the total dislocation density in Ti develops rapidly with deformation, whereas the SSD density does not increase monotonically. In Nb, both total dislocation density and SSD density increase significantly below 0.02 true strain, and gradually saturate in the late stage of strain hardening. During the whole plastic deformation, Nb bears more stress and dominates the global hardening because of the significant development of SSDs in this metal. Importantly, the strengthening induced by heterophase interfaces is more significant in the softer Ti in which GNDs are extensively activated, and SSDs only marginally contribute to the heterophase interface strengthening. These findings provide insights into the exploration of deformation mechanisms in materials with laminated and gradient structures, and also guide the development of LMCs with advanced mechanical properties.
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| 17. |
- Jin, Z., et al.
(author)
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Increased ecohydrological drying over terrestrial ecosystems
- 2022
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The greening and browning of global vegetation are driven by various processes such as climate change, CO2 fertilization, and land management, etc. From the perspective of the vegetation-water-heat relationship, the above processes can be briefly summarized as two types of eco-hydrological processes: 1. dryness change; 2. usage change. We here present a diagnostic procedure to identify the dominant eco-hydrological processes, thus evaluate the climate change impacts on ecosystems. Utilizing remote-sensing based leaf area index (LAI) and climate data during 1982-2016, we demonstrate that dryness changes showed prior dominance over 1/4 global lands where LAI trends are significant. Concretely, drying/wetting has expanded/reduced its regional dominance from 8%/15.8% (1982-1999) to 18.1%/11.9% (1999-2016), indicating that dryness change has turned to more drying than wetting for global vegetated lands. As increased over twofold, drying is playing an increasingly important role in the climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, bringing fundamental weakening of global greening.
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| 18. |
- Li, X. T., et al.
(author)
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Association of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) +45 T > G polymorphism with the metabolic syndrome among Han Chinese in Sichuan province of China
- 2012
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In: Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0964-7058. ; 21:2, s. 296-301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of abnormalities characterized by obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension or elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) +45 T > G polymorphism with the metabolic syndrome among Han Chinese in Sichuan province of China. A case-control design was used including 116 patients with the metabolic syndrome and 108 unrelated controls, matched on age and gender. The ADIPOQ +45G allele (TG+GG) had a significant association with risk of the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio=1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.44, p=0.039) adjusted for education, physical activity, family history of related diseases, smoking and drinking, compared with subjects with IT genotype. The association between the ADIPOQ +45 T>G polymorphism and the metabolic syndrome was independent of multiple confounders.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Morris, David L, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis in Chinese and European individuals identifies ten new loci associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2016
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 48:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; OMIM 152700) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 50 loci as robustly associated with the disease in single ancestries, but genome-wide transancestral studies have not been conducted. We combined three GWAS data sets from Chinese (1,659 cases and 3,398 controls) and European (4,036 cases and 6,959 controls) populations. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that over half of the published SLE genetic associations are present in both populations. A replication study in Chinese (3,043 cases and 5,074 controls) and European (2,643 cases and 9,032 controls) subjects found ten previously unreported SLE loci. Our study provides further evidence that the majority of genetic risk polymorphisms for SLE are contained within the same regions across both populations. Furthermore, a comparison of risk allele frequencies and genetic risk scores suggested that the increased prevalence of SLE in non-Europeans (including Asians) has a genetic basis.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Yin, XY, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies multiple novel associations and ethnic heterogeneity of psoriasis susceptibility
- 2015
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6, s. 6916-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease with complex genetics and different degrees of prevalence across ethnic populations. Here we present the largest trans-ethnic genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) of psoriasis in 15,369 cases and 19,517 controls of Caucasian and Chinese ancestries. We identify four novel associations at LOC144817, COG6, RUNX1 and TP63, as well as three novel secondary associations within IFIH1 and IL12B. Fine-mapping analysis of MHC region demonstrates an important role for all three HLA class I genes and a complex and heterogeneous pattern of HLA associations between Caucasian and Chinese populations. Further, trans-ethnic comparison suggests population-specific effect or allelic heterogeneity for 11 loci. These population-specific effects contribute significantly to the ethnic diversity of psoriasis prevalence. This study not only provides novel biological insights into the involvement of immune and keratinocyte development mechanism, but also demonstrates a complex and heterogeneous genetic architecture of psoriasis susceptibility across ethnic populations.
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| 24. |
- You, Q. L., et al.
(author)
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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences
- 2021
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In: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau, TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences. Arctic amplification (AA) and Tibetan amplification (TA) are the most significant characteristics of climate change patterns over the two Poles. In this study, trends, mechanisms and consequences of both AA and TA are compared. Based on ERA5 reanalysis during 1979-2020, both AP and TP have undergone significant warming with an annual rate of 0.72 degrees C/decade and 0.34 degrees C/decade respectively, which exceeds the rates for the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 degrees C/decade) and the global means (0.19 degrees C/decade) over the same period. Based on 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, AA over the AP is warming at a rate almost four times than the global means and twice as fast over the TP. Although both AA and TA are projected to continue in the future, currently there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms for AA or TA over the two Poles. Proposed mechanisms of AA can be divided into two types: local climate factors (sea ice-albedo feedback, Planck feedback, temperature gradient feedback, cloud feedback, and water vapor feedback); and poleward heat and moisture transport from lower latitudes (atmospheric circulation effect, ocean circulation effect, and modulation of Pacific and Atlantic SST). Consequences of AA include decline of sea ice cover, retreat of the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost degradation, accelerated disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and influences on extreme climate events at lower latitudes. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, water vapor and radiative flux feedbacks, local forcing and feedback processes, land use changes and reduction in total ozone, are generally considered to be the main mechanisms causing TA. TA has caused significant change within the atmosphere and cryosphere over the TP and its surroundings, such as changes in climate extremes, snow cover, the retreat of glaciers, and permafrost degradation. Similarities and differences of warming amplifications over the two Poles are proposed, and the relative contribution of each mechanism to the warming amplifications and how the specific consequences may compare over the two Poles remain unclear and under continuing investigation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Cai, Z. Y., et al.
(author)
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Interdecadal variability of the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia pattern linked to the Barents oscillation
- 2023
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 287
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observed winter near-surface air temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere have exhibited a warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern with interdecadal variation in recent decades, but the exact mechanism behind WACE is still under debate. This study used reanalysis data and climate model simulations to investigate the interdecadal variability of the WACE pattern on a centennial scale, as well as the role of atmospheric circulations. It is found that the second mode of atmospheric variability over the North Atlantic-Arctic region, known as the Barents oscillation (BO), played a dominant role in regulating the interdecadal variability of WACE. The atmospheric circulation associated with the positive phase of the BO corresponds to an anomalous enhancement of the quasi-barotropic anticyclone near the southern Barents-Kara Seas (BKS) and the North Atlantic, as well as a weakening of the mid-latitude westerly jet. This atmospheric circulation anomaly favors the northward transport of atmospheric heat and moisture to the BKS from the mid-latitudes, resulting in an increased air temperature through downward longwave radiation. Concurrently cold air is transported from the polar region to Central Eurasia (CE), decreasing air temperature over CE. The amplified temperature anomaly dipole results in the decadal enhancement of the WACE pattern. The atmospheric circulation anomalies related to the negative phase of the BO are the opposite, which in turn leads to the decadal weakening of the WACE pattern. Our results further support the important role of internal atmospheric variability in the formation of WACE and emphasize that the atmospheric circulation associated with the BO is the main driver of WACE decadal variability over the past century.
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| 27. |
- Cong, DY, et al.
(author)
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Crystal structures and textures of hot forged Ni48Mn30Ga22 alloy investigated by neutron diffraction technique
- 2005
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In: Materials Science and Technology. - 0267-0836 .- 1743-2847. ; 21:12, s. 1412-1416
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of Ni48Mn30Ga22 prepared by induction melting was successfully hot forged. Strong textures and a large anisotropy of in plane plastic flow were developed during the hot forging process. The crystal structures, both in austenitic and martensitic states, were investigated by means of neutron powder diffraction technique. The result suggests that Ni48Mn30Ga22 has a cubic L2(1) Heusler structure at room temperature, the same as that in the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa. When cooled to 243 K, the Ni48Mn30Ga22 alloy changes into a seven layered orthorhombic martensitic structure. No substantial change of the neutron diffraction pattern was observed upon further cooling to 19 K, indicating that there is no intermartensitic transformation in the investigated alloy, which is different from the transformation processes in the Ni-Mn-Ga alloys with higher martensitic transformation temperatures.
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| 28. |
- Cong, D Y, et al.
(author)
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Crystal structures and textures in the hot-forged Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys
- 2006
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In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 37A:5, s. 1397-1403
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys with the chemical compositions of Ni53Mn25Ga22, Ni48Mn30Ga22, and Ni48Mn25Ga22Co5 were prepared by the induction-melting and hot-forging process. The crystal structures were investigated by the neutron powder diffraction technique, showing that Ni53Mn25Ga22 and Ni48Mn25Ga22Co5 have a tetragonal, I4/mmm martensitic structure at room temperature, while Ni48Mn30Ga22 has a cubic, L2(1) austenitic structure at room temperature. The development of textures in the hot-forged samples shows the in-plane plastic flow anisotropy from the measured pole figures by means of the neutron diffraction technique. Significant texture changes were observed for the Ni48Mn25Ga22Co5 alloy after room temperature deformation, which is due to the deformation-induced rearrangements of martensitic variants. An excellent shape-memory effect (SME) with a recovery ratio of 74 pct was reported in this Ni48Mn25Ga22Co5 polycrystalline alloy after annealing above the martensitic transformation temperature, and the "shape-memory" influence also occurs in the distributions of grain orientations.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cong, D. Y., et al.
(author)
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Neutron diffraction study on crystal structure and phase transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys
- 2007
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In: Powder Diffraction. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0885-7156 .- 1945-7413. ; 22:4, s. 307-311
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Crystal structure and phase transformation behaviors in two Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) with compositions of Ni48Mn30Ga22 and Ni53Mn25Ga22 (at. %) as a function of temperature were investigated by in situ neutron diffraction experiments. Neutron diffraction technique proves to be highly efficient in characterizing structural transformation in Ni-Mn-Ga FSMAs, which consist of nearby elements in the periodic table. Our neutron results show that Ni48Mn30Ga22 has a cubic, L-21 Heusler structure from 373 to 293 K. Its crystal structure changes into a seven-layered orthorhombic martensitic structure when cooled to 243 K, and no further transformation is observed upon cooling to 19 K. Neutron diffraction results also show that Ni53Mn25Ga22 has a tetragonal 14/mmm martensitic structure from 20 to 403 K. A pre-transformation around room temperature is observed from an abrupt jump in unit-cell volume of Ni53Mn25Ga22, which corresponds with an endothermic peak detected in a heated DSC curve.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(author)
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Deformation incompatibility enables hetero-deformation induced strengthening in Ti/Nb laminates
- 2023
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In: Materials Research Letters. - : Taylor & Francis Inc. - 2166-3831. ; 11:2, s. 126-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPACT STATEMENT The phase-to-phase interaction is found to be an important indicator for evaluating the HDI strengthening and hardening in heterogeneous laminates, and the microstress analysis can guide the design of heterostructures. Deformation incompatibility in Ti/Nb laminates under uniaxial tension was revealed by in-situ neutron diffraction. During uniform deformation of the bulk laminates, the hard Nb constrained by the soft Ti showed moderate work hardening and only slightly decreased flow stress. The mechanical incompatibility accumulated in both elastic and elasto-plastic regimes between the metals lead to pronounced hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening, and the HDI stress was comparable to the maximum phase-to-phase interaction. The HDI hardening and interphase stress showed consistent evolution trends, implying that the interaction between dissimilar metals can be used as an important indicator for evaluating HDI strengthening and hardening.
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| 34. |
- Jiang, S., et al.
(author)
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Micromechanical behavior of multilayered Ti/Nb composites processed by accumulative roll bonding : An in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction investigation
- 2021
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In: Acta Materialia. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 205
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Heterophase interfaces play a crucial role in deformation microstructures and thus govern mechanical properties of multilayered composites. Here, we fabricated Ti/Nb multilayers by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) where shear bands became predominant with increasing rolling cycles. To explore correlation between micromechanical behavior and mechanical properties of the composites with various lamellar morphologies, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction tensile tests were performed. The results quantitatively reveal that the rapid strengthening of the composites with increasing ARB cycles mainly originates from the Nb layers strengthened by dislocations, grain boundaries and heterophase interfaces, and the {211} grains mostly contribute to the global strain hardening. The softer Ti grains also extend global strain hardening to a wide range and postpone necking. Furthermore, complete stress state analysis show that in the presence of extensive shear bands, significant load partitioning between the neighboring metals leads to triaxial stresses in each constituent and dislocations tend to slip along the shear direction. This promotes dislocation multiplication and motion, which is conducive to overall strength enhancement while maintaining a satisfactory ductility. These findings elucidate the effect of strong constraints of the interfaces on mechanical properties, which provides a fundamental understanding of load partitioning and strengthening mechanisms of the multilayers processed by multiple ARB cycles.
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| 35. |
- Liu, Jian-Kui, et al.
(author)
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Ranking higher taxa using divergence times : a case study in Dothideomycetes
- 2017
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In: Fungal diversity. - : SPRINGER. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 84:1, s. 75-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current classification system for the recognition of taxonomic ranks among fungi, especially at high-ranking level, is subjective. With the development of molecular approaches and the availability of fossil calibration data, the use of divergence times as a universally standardized criterion for ranking taxa has now become possible. We can therefore date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods and establish the divergence times for the orders and families of Dothideomycetes. We chose Dothideomycetes, the largest class of the phylum Ascomycota, which contains 32 orders, to establish ages at which points orders have split; and Pleosporales, the largest order of Dothideomycetes with 55 families, to establish family divergence times. We have assembled a multi-gene data set (LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2) from 391 taxa representing most family groups of Dothideomycetes and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes and a Bayesian approach to establish divergence times of Dothideomycetes lineages. Two separated datasets were analysed: (i) 272 taxa representing 32 orders of Dothideomycetes were included for the order level analysis, and (ii) 191 taxa representing 55 families of Pleosporales were included for the family level analysis. Our results indicate that divergence times (crown age) for most orders (20 out of 32, or 63%) are between 100 and 220 Mya, while divergence times for most families (39 out of 55, or 71%) are between 20 and 100 Mya. We believe that divergence times can provide additional evidence to support establishment of higher level taxa, such as families, orders and classes. Taking advantage of this added approach, we can strive towards establishing a standardized taxonomic system both within and outside Fungi. In this study we found that molecular dating coupled with phylogenetic inferences provides no support for the taxonomic status of two currently recognized orders, namely Bezerromycetales and Wiesneriomycetales and these are treated as synonyms of Tubeufiales while Asterotexiales is treated as a synonym of Asterinales. In addition, we provide an updated phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes previously published as the Families of Dothideomycetes in 2013 with a further ten orders and 35 families.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nie, Z H, et al.
(author)
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Direct evidence of detwinning in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys during deformation
- 2008
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In: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 104:10, s. 103519-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction and high-energy x-ray diffraction techniques were used to reveal the preferred reselection of martensite variants through a detwinning process in polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys under uniaxial compressive stress. The variant reorientation via detwinning during loading can be explained by considering the influence of external stress on the grain/variant orientation-dependent distortion energy. These direct observations of detwinning provide a good understanding of the deformation mechanisms in shape memory alloys.
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| 38. |
- Peng, Ru, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Crystal structure and phase transformation in Ni53Mn 25Ga22 shape memory alloy from 20 K to 473 K
- 2005
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 87:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The crystal structures, magnetic structures, and phase transformation of the off-stoichiometric Ni53 Mn25 Ga22 were studied by neutron powder diffraction at different temperatures. It is shown that Ni53 Mn25 Ga22 has a tetragonal I4/mmm structure from 20 K to 403 K. An abrupt jump in unit-cell volume around room temperature, corresponding to an endothermic peak in the differential scanning calorimetry curve, was observed. This indicates a pretransformation in the martensitic phase of Ni53 Mn25 Ga22, which is completely different from the phase transformation in the stoichiometric Ni2 MnGa. The sequence of structural transformation in Ni53 Mn25 Ga22 is closely related to its intrinsic temperature-dependent magnetic structure. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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| 39. |
- Peng, Ru, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Determination of Grain-Orientation-Dependent Stress in Coatings
- 2005
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In: Diffusion and defect data, solid state data. Part A, Defect and diffusion forum. - 1012-0386 .- 1662-9507. ; 105, s. 107-112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantitative interpretations of the so-called non-linear lattice strain distributions observed in coatings and thin films are important not only for determining the macro- and micro-stress fields, but also for inferring the active mechanisms of grain interactions during various deposition processes. In this paper, we present a method, which determines simultaneously both the macro- and micro-stress fields in the coatings and thin films. This method is extended from the previous stress-orientation distribution function (SODF) analysis method, which has already been used for residual stress analysis in bulk materials subjected to rolling and fatigue deformation. The validity of analysis method is demonstrated through measurements of lattice strains by high-energy x-ray and analysis of grain-orientation-dependent stresses in a CrN coating
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| 40. |
- Sae-Ueng, Udom, et al.
(author)
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Solid-to-fluid DNA transition inside HSV-1 capsid close to the temperature of infection.
- 2014
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In: Nature Chemical Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1552-4469 .- 1552-4450. ; 10:10, s. 861-861
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- DNA in the human Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsid is packaged to a tight density. This leads to tens of atmospheres of internal pressure responsible for the delivery of the herpes genome into the cell nucleus. In this study we show that, despite its liquid crystalline state inside the capsid, the DNA is fluid-like, which facilitates its ejection into the cell nucleus during infection. We found that the sliding friction between closely packaged DNA strands, caused by interstrand repulsive interactions, is reduced by the ionic environment of epithelial cells and neurons susceptible to herpes infection. However, variations in the ionic conditions corresponding to neuronal activity can restrict DNA mobility in the capsid, making it more solid-like. This can inhibit intranuclear DNA release and interfere with viral replication. In addition, the temperature of the human host (37 °C) induces a disordering transition of the encapsidated herpes genome, which reduces interstrand interactions and provides genome mobility required for infection.
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| 44. |
- Wang, Y.D., et al.
(author)
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Textures and compressive properties of ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni48Mn25Ga22Co5 prepared by isothermal forging process
- 2006
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In: Journal of Materials Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0884-2914 .- 2044-5326. ; 21:3, s. 691-697
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni48Mn25 Ga22CO5 was prepared by the induction melting and isothermal forging process. Dynamic recrystallization occurs during the isothermal forging. The deformation texture was studied by the neutron diffraction technique. The main texture components consist of (110) [11¯2] and (001) [100], which suggested that in-plane plastic flow anisotropy should be expected in the as-forged condition. The uniaxial compression fracture strain in the forged alloy reaches over 9.5%. The final room-temperature fracture of the polycrystalline Ni48Mn25Ga22CO5 is controlled mainly by intergranular mode.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Xie, Y., et al.
(author)
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Development and validation of multilayer perceptual neural network in glomerular filtration rate evaluation
- 2022
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In: Chinese Journal of Nephrology. - : Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. - 1001-7097. ; 38:5, s. 369-378
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To develop a neural network model for the evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on multilayer perceptual neural network, and to compare with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula (C - GFRcr) and the evaluation formula (EPI - GFRcr) of the American Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) for the clinical applicability of multilayer perceptual neural network model in evaluating GFR. Methods A total of 684 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients used for developing a modified version of China′s based creatinine GFR evaluation formula were taken as the research object. The data of 454 patients were randomly selected as the development group and the data of the other 230 patients were as the verification group. The multilayer perceptual neural network GFR evaluation model (M - GFRcr) was established. With the double plasma GFR as the reference value (rGFR), the correlation, mean difference, mean absolute difference, precision and accuracy of C - GFRcr, EPI - GFRcr and M - GFRcr were compared. Results Among the 684 CKD patients, there were 352 males and 332 females, with age of (49.9 ± 15.8) years. The correlation between M - GFRcr and rGFR was the highest (Pearson correlation =0.93, P＜0.001). The mean difference of M - GFRcr was lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=9.929, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=10.573, P＜0.001). The mean absolute difference of M - GFRcr was also lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=3.953, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=4.210, P＜0.001). The accuracy of ± 15% of M - GFRcr was higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=26.068, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=23.154, P＜0.001). The accuracy of ±30% of M-GFRcr was also higher than that of C-GFRcr (χ2=8.264, P=0.001) and EPI-GFRcr (χ2=11.963, P=0.001). The results of different stages of CKD showed that in the early stage of CKD (CKD 1-2), the mean difference of M - GFRcr was lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=7.401, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=8.096, P ＜ 0.001); the mean absolute difference of M - GFRcr was also lower than that of C - GFRcr (Z=4.723, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (Z=4.946, P＜0.001); the accuracy of ±15% of M - GFRcr was higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=23.547, P＜0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=26.421, P＜0.001); the accuracy of ± 30% of M - GFRcr was also higher than that of C - GFRcr (χ2=12.089, P=0.001) and EPI - GFRcr (χ2=16.168, P ＜ 0.001). But there was no significant difference in the applicability among C - GFRcr, EPI - GFRcr and M - GFRcr in the advanced stages of CKD (CKD 3-5). Conclusion Compared with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula C - GFRcr and CKD - EPI evaluation formula EPI - GFRcr, the accuracy of multilayer perceptual neural network model to evaluate GFR in CKD patients has been significantly improved, especially in CKD 1-2 stage.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Yu, Y. F., et al.
(author)
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Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections
- 2023
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In: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 286
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human society and ecosystems are impacted by climate extremes more than by climate averages. In contrast with climate extremes that are driven by individual climatic variables, compound climate extremes stem from a combination of multiple climatic drivers and usually lead to more severe risks than the former extremes do. The influences of the drivers for compound climate extremes are strengthening under global warming. Firstly, this review details the development of the definition of compound climate extremes over recent years and describes different types of events, such as compound drought and heatwave extremes (CDHEs), compound day and night heat extremes (CDNHEs), and compound flooding (CF). Secondly, historical trends in compound climate ex-tremes in China over the past half-century, and projections of future trends under different scenarios, are dis-cussed. For example, this study points out that a large part of China has experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent CDHEs than other parts of the country. CDHEs have followed a significantly increasing trend since the 1990s, and this trend is projected to strengthen further under different scenarios in the future. Thirdly, this study reviews different potential causes for compound climate extremes, including the internal variability of the climate system (e.g., land and atmosphere feedbacks, large-scale circulation patterns) and external anthropo-genic forcings (e.g., urbanization and anthropogenic emissions). In this study, we summarize risks from different perspectives by considering interactions between hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Many studies show that risks to infrastructural damage and population exposure are projected to increase in the future, and that crop yields and ecosystem gross primary production are likely to reduce. Finally, we generalize our study and show that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive study of different combinations of compound events. We argue that it is important that we understand the key dynamic and thermal processes that are modulated by specific drivers and investigate the uncertainty in the projected variabilities for compound climate extremes. This re-quires interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow appropriate risk adaptation strategies to be developed. There has been great progress in research into compound climate extremes; however, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and risks is necessary as a theoretical basis for more effective climate adaptation policies.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Yuki, Y, et al.
(author)
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Lactobacilli as a Vector for Delivery of Nanobodies against Norovirus Infection
- 2023
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In: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Passive administration of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is an attractive strategy for the control of gastrointestinal infections. However, an unanswered practical concern is the need to assure the stability of sufficient amounts of orally administered neutralizing Abs against intestinal pathogens (e.g., norovirus) in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. To this end, we expressed a single-domain Ab (VHH, nanobody) against norovirus on the cell surface of Lactobacillus, a natural and beneficial commensal component of the gut microbiome. First, we used intestinal epithelial cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells to confirm that VHH 1E4 showed neutralizing activity against GII.17 norovirus. We then expressed VHH 1E4 as a cell-wall–anchored form in Lactobacillus paracasei BL23. Flow cytometry confirmed the expression of VHH 1E4 on the surface of lactobacilli, and L. paracasei that expressed VHH 1E4 inhibited the replication of GII.17 norovirus in vitro. We then orally administered VHH 1E4-expressing L. paracasei BL23 to germ-free BALB/c mice and confirmed the presence of lactobacilli with neutralizing activity in the intestine for at least 10 days after administration. Thus, cell-wall-anchored VHH-displaying lactobacilli are attractive oral nanobody deliver vectors for passive immunization against norovirus infection.
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