| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lind, Carl Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Prevention of Work: Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using Smart Workwear – The Smart Workwear Consortium
- 2019
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In: Human Systems Engineering and Design. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030020521 - 9783030020538 ; 876, s. 477-483
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Adverse work-related physical exposures such as repetitive movements and awkward postures have negative health effects and lead to large financial costs. To address these problems, a multi-disciplinary consortium was formed with the aim of developing an ambulatory system for recording and analyzing risks for musculoskeletal disorders utilizing textile integrated sensors as part of the regular workwear. This paper presents the consortium, the Smart Workwear System, and a case study illustrating its potential to decrease adverse biomechanical exposure by promoting improved work technique.
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| 3. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Production Ergonomics: Designing Work Systems to Support Optimal Human Performance
- 2017
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Production ergonomics – the science and practice of designing industrial workplaces to optimize human well-being and system performance – is a complex challenge for a designer. Humans are a valuable and flexible resource in any system of creation, and as long as they stay healthy, alert and motivated, they perform well and also become more competent over time, which increases their value as a resource. However, if a system designer is not mindful or aware of the many threats to health and system performance that may emerge, the end result may include inefficiency, productivity losses, low working morale, injuries and sick-leave.To help budding system designers and production engineers tackle these design challenges holistically, this book offers a multi-faceted orientation in the prerequisites for healthy and effective human work. We will cover physical, cognitive and organizational aspects of ergonomics, and provide both the individual human perspective and that of groups and populations, ending up with a look at global challenges that require workplaces to become more socially and economically sustainable. This book is written to give you a warm welcome to the subject, and to provide a solid foundation for improving industrial workplaces to attract and retain healthy and productive staff in the long run.
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| 4. |
- Okda, Sherif, et al.
(author)
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Testing of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Inflatable Airfoil Section
- 2020
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In: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. - 1943-5525 .- 0893-1321. ; 33:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflatable structures are characterized by being light and easy to manufacture and deploy. Hence, they find many applications in aerospace and aeronautical engineering. In this paper, an inflatable segment with a The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0021 airfoil cross-section is designed, fabricated, and tested. The geometrical accuracy of the manufactured inflatable segment is measured using laser scanning. Measurements show that the average normalized error of the chord length and thickness are 2.97% and 0.554%, respectively. The aerodynamic behavior of the inflatable segment is then tested in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and angles of attack. Lift forces are measured using a six-component balance, while the drag forces are calculated from the wake measurements. The lift and drag coefficients of the inflatable section are compared to those of a standard NACA 0021 airfoil. Finally, flow visualization is examined at different angles of attack using two methods: smoke and tufts. Both methods show that flow separation starts at 15° and full stall occurs at 25°. Results indicate that inflatables can find more applications in the design and construction of aerodynamic structures, such as wings.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
-
INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report
- 2010
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Neumann, W. Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Innovation and employee injury risk in automotive disassembly operations
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 56:9, s. 3188-3203
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Engineering innovations in car disassembly systems are studied for affects on system operators’ risk of repetitive strain injury (RSI). Objective instrumented measures of injury risk factors with synchronized video-based task analyses were used to examine changes in operators’ RSI risk during two cases of engineering innovation: 1) a shift in industrial model from traditional extracting saleable parts to line-based full material recovery, and 2) the prospective effects of a simulated “Lean” inspired process improvement in the line system.Both cases of innovation showed significantly increased movement speeds and reduced muscular recovery opportunities, implying increased RSI risk. This case study reveals a mechanism by which innovation may increase RSI risks for operators. Managers responsible for engineering innovation should ensure their teams have the tools and mandate necessary to control injury hazards as part of the development and design process. These cases suggest how failure to manage RSI hazards in the innovation process may allow increases of injury risks that can compromise operational performance. This “innovation pitfall” has implications for operator health and organizational sustainability. Alternative pathways are discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Heshmati, Mohsen, 1987, et al.
(author)
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Dependency of cohesive laws of a structural adhesive in Mode-I and Mode-II loading on moisture, freeze-thaw cycling, and their synergy
- 2017
-
In: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 122, s. 433-447
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In recent years, adhesive bonding has found its way to construction applications such as bridges. Given the harsh conditions that such structures are usually exposed to, it is necessary to account for environmental factors, particularly moisture and temperature, in the design phase. Cohesive zone modelling has attracted much attention in the last decade as a promising method to design adhesive joints. Despite this interest, the effects of moisture and thermal cycles on cohesive laws have not been investigated to the knowledge of the authors. In this paper, we present a method to directly measure the environmental-dependent cohesive laws of a structural adhesive loaded in pure Mode-I and Mode-II. Special consideration is given to overcome issues such as the time-consuming nature of moisture ingression and specimen dimensions, which could be problematic due to the size-limitations of conditioning equipment. The accuracy of this method was verified through simulation of the experiments using the finite element analysis. The effects of exposure to 95% relative humidity, immersion in saltwater and distilled water, and freeze-thaw cycles in the presence or absence of moisture were investigated. The results indicate the damaging effects of combined saltwater and freeze-thaw cycles which were clearly reflected on the shape of the cohesive laws.
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| 13. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins
- 2019
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In: DHM and Posturography. - London : Academic Press. - 9780128167137 ; , s. 115-124
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IPS IMMA (Industrial Path Solutions - Intelligently Moving Manikins) is a digital human modeling tool developed in close cooperation between academia and industry in Sweden. The academic consortium behind the software consists of expertise within applied mathematics, ergonomics, and engineering. The development of IMMA was initiated from the vehicle industries’ need of an effective, efficient, objective, and user-friendly software for verification of manufacturing ergonomics. The ‘Industrial path solutions - intelligently moving manikins’ chapter consists of two main sections: the first about the commercially available tool, and the second about current or recent research projects developing the software further. Commercial IPS IMMA is presented by describing the biomechanical model and appearance, anthropometrics module, motion prediction, instruction language, and ergonomics evaluation. The research projects focus on dynamic motions simulation, muscle modelling and application areas such as human-robot collaboration, occupant packaging, and layout planning.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Sören, 1953-
(author)
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China's aircraft industry: collaboration and technology transfer - the case of Airbus
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (IJTTC). - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 9:4, s. 306-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China has moved a long way in economic and industrial development during the last decades and has developed into a global player in many industries. With increased knowledge in high-technology industries, China has ambitions to move into sectors that necessitate a high level of research and development, such as the aerospace industry. China is now in the process of establishing a modern aircraft industry based on domestic efforts as well as agreements with foreign partners in the manufacturing of complete aircraft. This paper analyzes what measures have been taken by Airbus in the form of technology transfer and other supportive measures to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. The findings conclude that Airbus’ transfer should be looked upon as a broad spectrum of technology and knowledge transfer, which include aircraft manufacturing technology, as well as cabin crew training centre, establishment of a warehouse and suppliers ”village”, an engineering centre, maintenance and various service functions.
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| 15. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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In: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived quality framework in product generation engineering: an automotive industry example
- 2019
-
In: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701 .- 2053-4701. ; 5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality refers to customers’ cognitive and emotional responses to a particular design, often also associated with craftsmanship and customer satisfaction. Previous research defined a taxonomy of perceived quality and provided understanding about how engineering design decisions impact customer satisfaction. Furthermore, development of new products is frequently based on carrying over attributes of existing products, either from the same producer or from competitors. Previous research offered a new product development methodology combining variations of subsystems to carry over from existing products. This brief presents how these two lines of research combined to design the central console of the Porsche Panamera automobile and discusses the opportunities and challenges posed in the practical implementation of this research.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Time-related ergonomics evaluation for DHMs: a literature review
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Human Factors Modelling and Simulation. - 1742-5549. ; 1:4, s. 356-379
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ergonomics problems in production systems are of a multi-causal nature. It has been established in ergonomics literature that time-related factors, including activity duration, repetitiveness, work-rest distribution and musclereactions to dynamic loads, can influence the occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In recent years, ergonomic practices have evolved to include the use of digital human models (DHMs) in virtual workstations, resulting in more cost-efficient and proactive evaluations.However, the ergonomic tools provided in DHMs often fail to consider time-related ergonomic factors. This literature review compiles and examines time-related ergonomics terms for the benefit of introducing such concepts intoDHMs. The influence of time-scale perspectives and ambiguities regarding how terms have been used are also discussed. Developers of DHMs can benefit immensely from a literary overview of how to consider time-related factors ofphysical workload. Likewise, the scientific community can benefit from the identification of ambiguities and gaps in ergonomics research.
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| 20. |
- Keyvani, Ali, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Using methods-time measurement to connect digital humans and motion databases
- 2013
-
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783642391811 ; 8026:Part 2, s. 343-352
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To simulate human motions in DHM tools, using techniques which are based on real human data is one promising solution. We have presented a solution in this study to connect motion databases with DHM tools. We have showed that using a motion database with MTM-based annotations is a promising way in order to synthesize natural looking motions. A platform consists of a Motion Database, a Motion Generator, and a DHM tool was introduced and tested. The results showed successful application of the presented platform in the designed test case. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.
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| 21. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Corporate-internal vs. national standard - A comparison study of two ergonomics evaluation procedures used in automotive manufacturing
- 2009
-
In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 39:6, s. 940-946
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manufacturing corporations sometimes use corporate-internal procedures to evaluate and monitor the ergonomic status of the workplace. This article describes an industrial case study in the Swedish automotive sector, where an internally developed evaluation procedure was compared with a procedure based on a Swedish national standard provision. It was found that the national standard procedure tended to give more severe ratings and statistical support shows that the two evaluation procedures are not equivalent. The ability of the methods to identify body segments at risk was also compared. The quantitative comparison was followed up with interviews, where the influence of professional tasks and objectives became evident, as well as the fact that evaluation criteria are quantified differently by the two procedures. The main finding is that unforeseen differences in analysis procedure, criteria of acceptability and levels of detail can cause use-related difficulties for different professional groups when methods are used interchangeably. Relevance to industry: Industrial corporations wishing to monitor ergonomics consistently are advised by the authors to ensure that ratings from internal evaluations are interpreted the same way by all involved personnel, and that they at least have criteria levels equivalent to those of a national standard. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, 1946, et al.
(author)
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A Nordic work environment complement to Value Stream Mapping (VSM) for sustainable patient flows at hospitals – A NOVO Multicenter study
- 2012
-
In: Abstract book. 6th NOVO Symposium. - 9789163723803 ; , s. 57-
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) granted 2007-09 a project with the aim to establish and develop a Nordic Network for scientists regarding research on work environment and efficiency in the health care sector (‘the NOVO network’). The vision is a “Nordic Model for sustainable systems” in health care. A “Sustainable system” is here defined as the joint consideration of competitive performance and working conditions in a long-term perspective (Westgaard & Winkel, 2009, 2011). A preliminary project plan for a Nordic Multicenter project focusing a specific aspect of the vision was developed as part of the above mentioned NCM project. This was entitled: “A Nordic work environment complement to Value Stream Mapping (VSM) for sustainable patient flows at hospitals – A NOVO Multicenter study”.Development of production systems in healthcare is at present to an increasing extent based on Lean Production ideas. In the Lean terminology “value-adding work” (VAW) represents the portion of process time that employees spend on actions that create value as perceived by the customer (Liker 2004). The complementary part is “non-VAW” or “waste” as the general Lean term of non-value-adding activities.In healthcare VSM is a common Lean tool used to identify and minimize waste (Keyte & Locher, 2004). It is a participatory tool, i.e. those affected by this type of rationalization are performing the analyses and subsequently suggesting the interventions. Participation has been shown to be crucial to obtain ownership of the suggested interventions and thereby increase impact. In addition, VSM has been shown to be a powerful rationalization tool. However, the resulting interventions may imply physical work intensification and impaired psychosocial work environment if the proportion of VAW is increased and management issues are not properly considered. In the rationalization process both physical and psychosocial working conditions should therefore be integrated to obtain a competitive performance in a long term perspective. In practice, this is rarely done. Thus, health of the employees and system performance goals often end up on a collision course with short-term performance demands as the winner (e.g. Winkel & Westgaard 1996, Westgaard & Winkel 2011).
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| 23. |
- Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al.
(author)
-
Assembly Work Structuring Based on Restructuring and Transformation of Product Information
- 2002
-
In: Journal of Humanities and social sciences, Nagoya City University; Nagoya (translated into japanese). - 1342-9310. ; 12, s. 279 - 309
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This publication partly explains how we had managed amalgamate manufacturing engineering according to our interpretation and e.g. Gestalt psychology (i.e. for the most socio-technically advanced assembly system designs). This is something that is elaborated further and better repetitively in other publications registered in Chalmers Public Library (CPL) (especially is this the case in some of the latest preprints/manuscripts). That is, how the learning and training principles advocated by the senior research competency within vocational learning and training were realised in practice for full-scale production purposes.
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| 24. |
- Wells, R., et al.
(author)
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Time - A key issue for musculoskeletal health and manufacturing
- 2007
-
In: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 38:6, s. 733-744
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Time is a key issue for both ergonomists and engineers when they engage in production system interventions. While not their primary purpose, the actions of engineers have major effects on biomechanical exposure; possibly of much greater magnitude than many ergonomics interventions. This paper summarises the aims, actions and tools of engineers and ergonomists, emphasising time-related outcomes. Activities of the two groups when attempting to manipulate time aspects of work may be contradictory; engineers wishing to improve production and ergonomists aiming at better health as well as contributing to production. Consequently, tools developed by ergonomists for assessing time aspects of work describe rest patterns, movement velocities or daily duration of exposures, while engineering tools emphasise time-efficient production. The paper identifies measures that could be used to communicate time-relevant information between engineers and ergonomists. Further cooperation between these two stakeholders as well as research on the topic are needed to enable ergonomists to have a larger impact on the design of production systems.
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| 25. |
- Flores-García, Erik, et al.
(author)
-
Characterizing Digital Dashboards for Smart Production Logistics
- 2022
-
In: Advances in Production Management Systems. Smart Manufacturing and Logistics Systems: Turning Ideas into Action. - Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 9783031164101 - 9783031164118 ; , s. 521-528, s. 521-528
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing digital dashboards (DD) that support staff in monitoring, identifying anomalies, and facilitating corrective actions are decisive for achieving the benefits of Smart Production Logistics (SPL). However, existing literature about SPL has not sufficiently investigated the characteristics of DD allowing staff to enhance operational performance. This conceptual study identifies the characteristics of DD in SPL for enhancing operational performance of material handling. The study presents preliminary findings from an ongoing laboratory development, and identifies six characteristics of DD. These include monitoring, analysis, prediction, identification, recommendation, and control. The study discusses the implications of these characteristics when applied to energy consumption, makespan, on-time delivery, and status for material handling. The study proposes the prototype of a DD in a laboratory environment involving Autonomous Mobile Robots.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Power Level Sampling of Metal Cutting Machines for Data Representation in Discrete Event Simulation
- 2015
-
In: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 53:23, s. 7060-7070
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An extension to the application area for discrete event simulation (DES) has been ongoing since the last decade and focused only on economic aspects to include ecologic sustainability. With this new focus, additional input parameters, such as electrical power consumption of machines, are needed. This paper aim at investigating how NC machine power consumption should be represented in simulation models of factories. The study includes data-sets from three different factories. One factory producing truck engine blocks, one producing brake disc parts for cars and one producing forklift components. The total number of data points analysed are more than 2,45,000, where of over 1,11,000 on busy state for 11 NC machines. The low variability between busy cycles indicates that statistical representations are not adding significant variability. Furthermore, results show that non-value-added activities cause a substantial amount of the total energy consumption, which can be reduced by optimising the production flow using dynamic simulations such as DES.
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| 27. |
- Ore, Fredrik, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Method for design of human-industrial robot collaboration workstations
- 2017
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. - 9781510848542 ; 11, s. 4-12, s. 4-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to fully utilise a 3D simulation software capable of evaluating hand-guided human-industrial robot collaborative (HIRC) work tasks, there is a need of a HIRC design process for early production development stages. This paper proposes a HIRC design method that uses the possibilities of the demonstrator software in the HIRC workstation design process. The method is based on Pahl and Beitz's engineering design method; it interprets all their phases and activities into HIRC design-specific ones.
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| 28. |
- Muhammad, Amna Pir, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Human factors in developing automated vehicles: A requirements engineering perspective
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 205
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Automated Vehicle (AV) technology has evolved significantly both in complexity and impact and is expected to ultimately change urban transportation. Due to this evolution, the development of AVs challenges the current state of automotive engineering practice, as automotive companies increasingly include agile ways of working in their plan-driven systems engineering-or even transition completely to scaled-agile approaches. However, it is unclear how knowledge about human factors (HF) and technological knowledge related to the development of AVs can be brought together in a way that effectively supports today's rapid release cycles and agile development approaches. Based on semi-structured interviews with ten experts from industry and two experts from academia, this qualitative, exploratory case study investigates the relationship between HF and AV development. The study reveals relevant properties of agile system development and HF, as well as the implications of these properties for integrating agile work, HF, and requirements engineering. According to the findings, which were evaluated in a workshop with experts from academia and industry, a culture that values HF knowledge in engineering is key. These results promise to improve the integration of HF knowledge into agile development as well as to facilitate HF research impact and time to market.& COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 29. |
- Wärmefjord, Kristina, 1976, et al.
(author)
-
Welding of non-nominal geometries : physical tests
- 2016
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 43, s. 136-141
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geometrical quality of a welded assembly is to some extent depending part positions before welding. Here, a design of experiment is set up in order to investigate this relation using physical tests in a controlled environment. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that the influence of part position before welding is significant for geometrical deviation after welding. Furthermore, a working procedure for a completely virtual geometry assurance process for welded assemblies is outlined. In this process, part variations, assembly fixture variations and welding induced variations are important inputs when predicting the capability of the final assembly.
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| 30. |
- Ribeiro, Luis, et al.
(author)
-
Industrial Agents for the Fast Deployment of Evolvable Assembly Systems
- 2015. - 1st ed.
-
In: Industrial Agents. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 9780128003411 ; , s. 301-321, s. 301-322
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current manufacturing scenario is characterized by high market unpredictability. Agility is therefore a central challenge for modern companies that need to understand and be proactive towards their product offer in respect to “what is offered, when it is offered, where, how and by whom” (Brown & Bessant 2003).The “what” and the “when” are particularly relevant to the research in emerging paradigms as they account for variety, customization and volume; and timing, speed and seasonality (Brown & Bessant 2003).In this scenario, several design approaches and models have been proposed in the last decade to enable re-configurability and subsequently enhance the companies’ ability to adjust their offer in nature and time.From a paradigmatic point of view research has concentrated on the organizational structure of the shop-floor and the associated controls aspects. Concepts like Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) (Koren & Shpitalni 2010) and Fractal Factories (FF) (Montreuil 1999) support the physical construction of production systems by regulating their layout and making a few assumptions on their logical organization. On the other hand, concepts like Bionic Manufacturing Systems (BMS)(Ueda 1992), Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS)(Van Brussel et al. 1998), Evolvable Assembly Systems (Ribeiro et al. 2010) essentially provide the theoretical guidelines for the logical/computational organization of the system (see (Tharumarajah 1996) for a comparison between BMS, HMS and FF and (Setchi & Lagos 2004) for the rationale supporting the shift from Dedicated Lines to Flexible Manufacturing System and finally RMS).While these paradigms provide the conceptual framework and the main design guidelines their actual interpretation and implementation has led to a wider set of architectures (Monostori, Váncza & Kumara 2006; Leitão 2009; Parunak 2000; Pěchouček & Mařík 2008).These architectures align the high-level principles with the technological offer and limitations while seeking to address the re-configurability requirements of (Mehrabi, Ulsoy & Koren 2000; Rösiö & Säfsten 2013):module mobility – modules are easy and quick to move and install;“diagnosability” – it is quick to identify the sources of quality and reliability problems;“integrability” – modules are easy to integrate into the rest of the system.“convertibility” – it is easy and quick to switch between existing products and it is easy to adapt the system to future products;scalability – it is easy to enlarge and downsize the production system;“automatibility” – a dynamic level of automation is enabled;modularity – all system elements are designed to be modular;customization – the capability and flexibility of the production system is designed according to the products to be produced in the system.Instant deployment, as addressed in the present chapter directly addresses mobility, “integrability”, “convertibility”, scalability and customization. Mechatronic modularity is a prerequisite and is enforced by the proposed architecture and the considered modular design. “Diagnosability” was not specifically tackled.In this context, the chapter analyses the agent-based architecture related with the Instantly Deployable Evolvable Assembly System (IDEAS) project that is inspired by the Evolvable Assembly System (EAS) paradigm (Ribeiro et al. 2010) as a mechanism to enable fast deployment of mechatronic modules. EAS advocates the use of process-oriented modules and envisions the production system as a collection of processes and the associated interacting agents.The architecture and the related test cases are used to draw the main lessons learned in respect to technological and conceptual implications.In this context, the remainder of this text is organized as follows: section 1.1 discusses the main deployment challenges, section 1.2 details the reference architecture and associated concepts, section 1.3 presents the principal implementation decisions, section 1.4 features the main lessons learned, sections 1.5 discusses the benefits of the proposed approach and finally section 1.6 reflects on the main conclusions.
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| 31. |
- Pinzone, Marta, et al.
(author)
-
A framework for operative and social sustainability functionalities in Human- Centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems
- 2020
-
In: Computers and Industrial Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352. ; 139
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a near future where manufacturing companies are faced with the rapid technological developments of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0, a need arises to consider how this will affect human operators remaining as a vital and important resource in modern production systems. What will the implications of these orchestrated and ubiquitous technologies in production – a concept we call Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) – be on the health, learning and operative performance of human workers? This paper makes three main contributions to address the question. First, it synthesizes the diverse literature regarding CPS and social sustainability in production systems. Second, it conceptualizes a holistic framework, the CyFL Matrix, and outlines a guideline to analyze how the functionalities of a CPPS relate to operational and social sustainability-related performance impacts at different levels of analysis. Finally, it presents an industrial use case, which the CyFL Matrix and the related guidelines are applied to. In doing so, the study offers first support to researchers and managers of manufacturing companies willing to define suitable operational and social sustainability-related performances for Human-centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems of the future.
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| 32. |
- Wuest, Thorsten, et al.
(author)
-
Introducing ‘Operator 4.0,’ a tech-augmented human worker
- 2017
-
In: The Conversation. - 1368-9355. ; 2017:April 19
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There does not have to be conflict between robots and humans, with machines taking people’s jobs and leaving them unemployed. Technology should be designed with collaboration in mind. That way, companies and workers alike will be able to capitalize on the respective strengths of both human and machine. What’s more, the inherent flexibility of “Operator 4.0” workers will also help to ensure workplaces of the future that can change and adapt. That means getting ever more efficient and safer, as new technologies emerge.
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| 33. |
- Wlazlak, Paraskeva, et al.
(author)
-
Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-supplier integration to prepare for production ramp-up
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 30:2, s. 506-530
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Although prior research provides evidence that production ramp-up is often disrupted by supplier-related problems, it fails to discuss how the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and various types of suppliers integrate their functions and operations to secure preparations for production ramp-up. The purpose of this paper is to investigate OEM–supplier integration in a new product development (NPD) project to prepare for production ramp-up.Design/methodology/approach: The results presented in this paper are based on a real-time, longitudinal study of a single collaborative NPD project in the mechanical engineering industry. The NPD project involves seven suppliers and it is carried out in a large Swedish company (the OEM) and fits the theory-elaborating approach of this research.Findings: This study argues that the aspect of timing in OEM–supplier integration, the OEM’s research and development (R&D) attitude toward collaboration and the OEM’s (R&D) operating procedure are challenges affecting the preparation for production ramp-up. The following three mechanisms to facilitate OEM–supplier integration in order to prepare for production ramp-up are also discussed: the mediator’s role, the OEM’s face-to-face meeting at the project level and suppliers’ formal face-to-face meetings with the OEM and internally.Originality/value: This paper elaborates on and extends prior research on production ramp-up by conducting an empirical analysis that incorporates supplier integration in NPD. It bridges the gap between the literature on production ramp-up and on supplier integration in NPD and clearly indicates that supplier integration is an important prerequisite for successful production ramp-up.
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| 34. |
- Landström, Anna, 1990, et al.
(author)
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A life cycle approach to business performance measurement systems
- 2018
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In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 126-133, s. 126-133
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virtually every company has implemented a Business Performance Measurement System (BPMS) with the purpose of monitoring production and business performance and to execute the corporate strategy at all levels in a company. The purpose of this article is to shed light on common pitfalls related to the practical use of BPMS and further to present a life cycle model with the purpose of introducing structured approach to avoiding the pitfalls. The article contributes to further development of the BPMS life cycle concept and practical examples of how it can be used.
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| 35. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method
- 2020
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In: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 31:1, s. 37-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development.
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| 36. |
- Fu, Qilin, 1986-
(author)
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High dynamic stiffness nano-structured composites for vibration control : A Study of applications in joint interfaces and machining systems
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Vibration control requires high dynamic stiffness in mechanical structures for a reliable performance under extreme conditions. Dynamic stiffness composes the parameters of stiffness (K) and damping (η) that are usually in a trade-off relationship. This thesis study aims to break the trade-off relationship.After identifying the underlying mechanism of damping in composite materials and joint interfaces, this thesis studies the deposition technique and physical characteristics of nano-structured HDS (high dynamic stiffness) composite thick-layer coatings. The HDS composite were created by enlarging the internal grain boundary surface area through reduced grain size in nano scale (≤ 40 nm). The deposition process utilizes a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition) method combined with the HiPIMS (High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering) technology. The HDS composite exhibited significantly higher surface hardness and higher elastic modulus compared to Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), yet similar damping property. The HDS composites successfully realized vibration control of cutting tools while applied in their clamping interfaces.Compression preload at essential joint interfaces was found to play a major role in stability of cutting processes and a method was provided for characterizing joint interface properties directly on assembled structures. The detailed analysis of a build-up structure showed that the vibrational mode energy is shifted by varying the joint interface’s compression preload. In a build-up structure, the location shift of vibration mode’s strain energy affects the dynamic responses together with the stiffness and damping properties of joint interfaces.The thesis demonstrates that it is possible to achieve high stiffness and high damping simultaneously in materials and structures. Analysis of the vibrational strain energy distribution was found essential for the success of vibration control.
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| 37. |
- Mellin, Pelle, 1985-, et al.
(author)
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Nano-sized by-products from metal 3D printing, composite manufacturing and fabric production
- 2016
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - Sweden : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 139, s. 1224-1233
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recently, the health and environmental perspective of nano-materials has gained attention. Most previous work focused on Engineered Nanoparticles (ENP). This paper examines some recently introduced production routes in terms of generated nano-sized by-products. A discussion on the hazards of emitting such particles and fibers is included. Fine by-products were found in recycled metal powder after 3D printing by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). The process somehow generated small round metal particles (~1e2 mm) that are possibly carcinogenic and respirable, but not small enough to enter by skin-absorption. With preventive measures like closed handling and masks, any health related effects can be prevented. The composite manufacturing in particular generated ceramic and carbonaceous particles that are very small and respirable but do not appear to be intrinsically toxic. The smallest features in agglomerates were about 30 nm. Small particles and fibers that were not attached in agglomerates were found in a wide range of sizes, from 1 μm and upwards. Preventive measures like closed handling and masks are strongly recommended. In contrast, the more traditional production route of fabric production is investigated. Here, brushing residue and recycled wool from fabric production contained few nano-sized by-products.
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| 38. |
- Hedelind, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Factory-in-a-Box - Solutions for Availability and Mobility of Flexible Production Capacity
- 2007
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In: The Swedish Production Symposium,2007.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to present examples of how to realize a flexible and reconfigurable production system. An ongoing research project in Sweden called Factory-in-a-Box will be presented which is one research initiative within this area. The purpose of the Factory-in-a-Box project is to develop solutions for mobile production capacity on demand. Three key features have been identified as enablers for these kinds of production capabilities: mobility, flexibility, and speed. The concept consists of standardized modules that can be installed in e.g. containers and easily transported by trucks, rail vehicles, and boats. The modules can easily be combined into complete production systems and reconfigured for new products and/or scaled to handle new volumes. The goal of the Factory-in-a-Box project is to build fully operative production modules that are developed in close cooperation between different academic and industrial partners. This paper will present the results from these demonstrators giving examples of the usability of the Factory-in-a-Box concept in industry.
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| 39. |
- Högman, Ulf, 1961, et al.
(author)
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Requirements on New Technology and the Technology Implementation Process
- 2010
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In: 8th International NordDesign Conference, NordDesign 2010; Goteborg; Sweden; 25 August 2010 through 27 August 2010. ; 2, s. 289-300
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In literature, many authors have pointed to the importance of technology and technology development for company competitiveness. In this study we aim to study the technology in more detail and attempt to develop an understanding on the requirements and needs on “technology” from the perspective of product development. The research question which we aim to answer in this study is:“What are the requirements on maturity of technology when this technology is about to enter into the product development process?“A qualitative research strategy, based on three study cases involving 17 interviewees, has been chosen. All three cases come from one single company, Volvo Aero Corporation (VAC) in Sweden, in the context of the aero engine industry. The study contributes with a broad mapping of requirements and how they relate to different categories of technologies, showing big differences both regarding content and timing. It is concluded that attention should be payed both to how the organization builds new capabilities and to the capabilities of the technology itself. A surprisingly complicated picture on the requirements relating to the implementation of new technologies has emerged in the study. This contributes to the understanding regarding the difficulties of developing new technology and integrating it into an application.
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| 40. |
- Johansen, Kerstin, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Digital Tools for Supporting Production Preparation : Reflections Related to Designing Human-Robot Collaboration Layouts
- 2022
-
In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 - 9781643683386 - 9781643683393 ; , s. 301-309
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accelerating technological developments and increasing competition make it important to secure the development of production solutions that allows for resource efficient layouts and continuous improvements. When developing production solutions, the usage of digital tools is an important asset that supports production preparation engineers in their work. However, the emerging possibilities to design production layouts where the operator and a robot collaboratively share a task, add more challenges for production preparation engineers. The production layout become more complex, with more parameters to analyze for a safe and secure working environment, supporting a safe interaction between technologies and operators. The design of human-robot-collaborative (HRC) layouts, with ever shorter product life cycles, could benefit from an increased use of digital tools, as ever more powerful simulation and design tools are available on the market. This paper will explore digital tools (such as simulation, emulation, visualization) and their potential contribution for different HRC layout designing steps. Based on this, the needs to be reflected in a guideline for a digitalized production preparation process will be explored from the perspective of developing a human-robot collaborative layout.. © 2022 The authors
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| 41. |
- Salonen, Antti
(author)
-
On the Need for Human Centric Maintenance Technologies
- 2024
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In: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783031396182 ; , s. 465-475
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The digitalization of manufacturing industry, known as e.g., Industry 4.0 or smart production, has opened new opportunities for real-time optimization of production systems. Also, this technological leap has provided new possibilities for the maintenance of production equipment to become data driven and in many cases predictive. This fourth industrial revolution is changing the role of humans at the shop floor. Visions of the dark factory arises, meaning fully automated factories where humans are redundant, both for physical processing and for decision making. The research on Smart maintenance shows great advances in predictive diagnostics and prognostic techniques. However, in manufacturing industry, studies have shown that up to 50–60% of equipment breakdowns are due to human errors. Some of these errors are partly addressed through the development of improved information aid, such as e.g., instructions through Augmented Reality and training in Virtual Reality. Still, the root cause of human errors in manufacturing industry haven’t been properly categorized in terms of e.g., neglect, lack of competence, unclear processes, or poor leadership. In this paper the potential of data driven maintenance is discussed from a human centric perspective. Considering the large part of failures being due to human factors and the possibilities of improvement through implementation of smart technologies, this paper argues for exploring the root causes of human errors in discrete item manufacturing systems and address the proper human centric technologies as a means of reducing these failures.
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| 42. |
- Ågren, Magnus, 1984, et al.
(author)
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The manager perspective on requirements impact on automotive systems development speed
- 2018
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In: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 26th International Requirements Engineering Conference, RE 2018. - : IEEE. ; , s. 17-28
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Historically, automotive manufacturers have adopted rigid requirements engineering processes, which allowed them to meet safety-critical requirements while integrating thousands of physical and software components into a highly complex and differentiated product. Nowadays, needs of improving development speed are pushing companies in this domain towards new ways of developing software. Objectives: We aim at obtaining a manager perspective on how the goal to increase development speed impacts how software intense automotive systems are developed and their requirements managed. Methods: We used a qualitative multiple-case study, based on 20 semi-structured interviews, at two automotive manufacturers. Our sampling strategy focuses on manager roles, complemented with technical specialists. Results: We found that both a requirements style dominated by safety concerns, and decomposition of requirements over many levels of abstraction impact development speed negatively. Furthermore, the use of requirements as part of legal contracts with suppliers hiders fast collaboration. Suggestions for potential improvements include domain-specific tooling, model-based requirements, test automation, and a combination of lightweight pre-development requirements engineering with precise specifications post-development. Conclusions: We offer an empirical account of expectations and needs for new requirements engineering approaches in the automotive domain, necessary to coordinate hundreds of collaborating organizations developing software-intensive and potentially safety-critical systems.
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| 43. |
- Somhorst, Joop, 1965
(author)
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Thermal insulation of the combustion chamber in a light duty diesel engine
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Reduction of heat loss from the combustion chamber in an engine has great potential to decrease fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Research on thermal barrier coatings (TBC) has been performed since the early eighties to address this potential. However, reported results for engine efficiency improvements with insulation show a large spread and there is no consensus on the actual benefits of TBCs. The purpose of this PhD project was to make an accurate assessment of state-of-the-art TBCs and establish what coating properties are required to improve indicated engine efficiency. Cylinder pressure data and measured heat losses to the piston cooling oil in a light duty single cylinder engine formed the basis for the experimental research. A robust and automated measurement method was developed and combined with statistical modeling of the data. Plasma sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia and anodized alumina were selected to establish the effectiveness of state-of-the-art TBCs. These coatings, applied on the piston top, did not improve indicated efficiency. The high surface roughness of the coatings was an important contributor to the poor performance. Experiments with a novel coating technology: suspension plasma spraying and a new material gadolinium-zirconate, led to a slightly improved indicated efficiency. Details in the heat release analysis indicated that the high open porosity in this coating might lead to increased heat losses and fuel entrainment. An investigation of possible charge entrainment effects in a standard plasma sprayed zirconia thermal barrier coating was performed, using a combination of engine experiments, CFD simulations and a 0D crevice model. The crevice model predicted the observed deviations of the apparent rate of heat release surprisingly well, which is strong evidence for the existance and significance of this crevice effect. To significantly increase engine efficiency with thermal insulation, materials with further reduced thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity are needed, while negative effects such as high surface roughness and crevice effects from permeable porosity should be minimized.
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| 44. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(author)
-
Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
- 2015
-
In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
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| 45. |
- Fu, Qilin, 1986-, et al.
(author)
-
High dynamic stiffness mechanical structures with nanostructured composite coatings deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering
- 2016
-
In: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 98, s. 24-33
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nanostructured Cu:CuCNx composite coatings with high static and dynamic stiffness were synthesized by means of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) combined with high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping from cross-sectioned samples reveals a multi-layered nanostructure enriched in Cu, C, N, and O in different ratios. Mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated by Vickers micro-indention and model tests. It was observed that copper inclusions as well as copper interlayers in the CNx matrix can increase mechanical damping by up to 160%. Mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus and loss factor were significantly improved by increasing the discharge power of the sputtering process. Moreover the coatings loss modulus was evaluated on the basis of indentation creep measurements under room temperature. The coating with optimum properties exhibited loss modulus of 2.6 GPa. The composite with the highest damping loss modulus were applied on the clamping region of a milling machining tool to verify their effect in suppressing regenerative tool chatter. The high dynamic stiffness coatings were found to effectively improve the critical stability limit of a milling tool by at least 300%, suggesting a significant increase of the dynamic stiffness.
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| 46. |
- Iriondo Pascual, Aitor, 1993-, et al.
(author)
-
Application of Multi-objective Optimization on Ergonomics in Production : A Case Study
- 2020
-
In: Advances in Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030202156 - 9783030202163 ; , s. 584-594
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Taking a holistic perspective is central in production development, aiming to optimize ergonomics and overall production system performance. Hence, there is a need for tools and methods that can support production companies to identify the production system alternatives that are optimal regarding both ergonomics and production efficiency. The paper presents a devised case study where multi-objective optimization is applied, as a step to towards the development of such an optimization tool. The overall objective in the case study is to find the best order in which an operator performs manual tasks during a workday, considering ergonomics and production system efficiency simultaneously. More specifically, reducing the risk of injury from lifting tasks and improving the throughput are selected as the two optimization objectives. An optimization tool is developed, which communicates with a digital human modelling tool to simulate work tasks and assess ergonomics.
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| 47. |
- De Vin, Leo, 1957-
(author)
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Credibility of Simulation Results – a Philosophical Perspective on Virtual Manufacturing
- 2012
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In: Proceedings of the 13th Mechatronics Forum International Conference. - Linz : TRAUNER Verlag. - 9783990330463 ; , s. 784-791
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the factors that play a role in credibility of simulation results. It focuses on virtual manufacturing and in particular resource simulation as an example. However, a simulation model can be used in a number of different ways. Verification and validation of models is amongst other factors important for credibility. In this area, much work has been carried out in defense research. There are also some striking similarities between virtual manufacturing and information fusion, in particular in the field of human competence development related to credibility of simulations.
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| 48. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived Quality Evaluation with the Use of Extended Reality
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:1, s. 1993-2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If designers want to communicate quality aspects of the product, there is a need to bring these characteristics into the measurable space of perceived quality (PQ) attributes. To illustrate the solution for designers' dilemma of the “best design choice” in this study we applied the PQ attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method, with the example of a bread toaster. We choose for evaluation three PQ attributes which can significantly influence visual quality of a product: Gap, Flush and Parallelism. We performed the experiment measuring subjective preferences over the toaster designs of two respondent's groups - “Designers” and “Customers.” We used sequentially: (i) web-survey (still images); (ii) desktop system; and (iii) fully immersive head-mounted display system (Virtual Reality). Consequently, we conducted a post-experiment survey regarding subjective preferences, related to the PQ communication channels that have been implemented during the study. Our results indicate advantages and drawbacks for each PQ communication method that we applied in this experiment and encourage further research in the area of products' perceived quality assessment.
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| 49. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981
(author)
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Ergonomics Infrastructure - An Organizational Roadmap to Improved Production Ergonomics
- 2011
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Improving production ergonomics is a pursuit common to many companies in different industrial sectors. At the core is an aspiration to eliminate risks for work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs), but modern views on ergonomics have evolved the discipline from a purely physiological, instrumental concern to an organizational, holistic systems-performance discipline (macroergonomics). This modern perspective implies that it is not enough to consider ergonomics as the domain of only ergonomics specialists; nor is it advisable to try improving it in isolation, without paying attention to the influences of the surrounding stakeholders and context. This thesis proposes that the “ergonomics infrastructure” of an organization is made up of the structural, technical, organizational and stakeholder-relational conditions that enable or hinder improvement of ergonomics. These conditions focus on the positioning of different stakeholders towards ergonomics issues, the relations between stakeholders and strategies they use for persuasion, and the influences that arise from industry-specific culture, attitudes and procedural integration (or exclusion) of ergonomics into engineering processes. This in turn affects an organization’s tendency to handle ergonomics proactively (i.e. at the design stage) or reactively (in response to injury, discomfort and compensation claims). It was found that stakeholder influence and relational interactions are of particular importance to the implementation of ergonomics improvements. Ergonomics practitioners who are politically aware and are able to link ergonomics improvements to business and production benefits are best poised to advance an ergonomics agenda. The knowledge gleaned from the work in this thesis has been synthesized, together with relevant theoretical concepts found in the literature, into a “Tentative Framework” which guides empirical data collection aimed at mapping the “ergonomics infrastructure” in an organization. Its step-by-step systematic review of conditions at different hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics practitioners and managers alike in identifying pathways and roadblocks to improving production ergonomics. This contributes to the branch of macroergonomics literature, which to date has placed little focus on day-to-day ergonomics practice and organizational-relational influences on ergonomics work.
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| 50. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Course Supervision Challenges in PhD Education
- 2012
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In: 7:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferensen 2012. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; 7
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A large portion of the PhD education in Sweden is dedicated to courses. This made it interesting to explore potential course supervision challenges in the PhD programme. A multiple-case study was conducted to identify such challenges and explore how these are perceived by students and supervisors at the Faculty of Engineering of Lund University. By interviewing students and supervisors in five different research groups, insights were gained into how the main stakeholders reason about courses. The findings indicate that courses that are to be included in the education are characterized by a large degree of freedom tailored to individual student needs and preferences. However, the type, timing, availability, value, and convalidation of courses are challenges that limit this freedom.
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