SwePub - search: AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIEN...

Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al. (author) The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening 2015 In: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
2.	Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al. (author) The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments 2009 In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
3.	Greenbrook, Josephine T. V., 1984, et al. (author) Medical, Ethical, and Legal Risks in Forensic Age Assessment Procedures in Current Swedish Asylum Processes Involving Unaccompanied Minors 2019 In: Program and proceedings of the Oxford Global Health & Bioethics International Conference in Oxford, United Kingdom, July 1-2, 2019 (oral presentations). Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract There is a broad consensus surrounding the acutely vulnerable plight of asylum-seeking unaccompanied children, transcending international policy, academic literature, and expert opinion in both medicine and jurisprudence. Children migrating alone are at extreme risk of exposure to violence, exploitation, and poor health, and thus require extensive social, medical, and legal support, both during migration, and post migration whilst waiting for their asylum claims to be processed. The Swedish government has voiced intent to protect the human right to asylum in Europe, accenting that processes must be solidarity-based, legally certain, sustainable, efficient, and humane in facilitating reliable assessments protecting the rights of asylum-seekers. The present study explores current debate surrounding the deficient scientific reliability of recently introduced two step forensic age assessment procedures in Swedish asylum processes involving unaccompanied minors, and discusses the stakes involved from a medical, ethical, and legal perspective. The analysis included current policy documents, health professions unions' statements and reports, expert and media debate, and United Nations committee reports. Although the vast majority of forensic age assessment conducted thus far in Sweden have assessed biological age as 18 or above, expert consensus has decried methods applied as being unable to withstand the test of scientific scrutiny. Concerns surrounding the procedures’ medically unjustifiable and highly unethical nature, as well as the misuse of the medical profession' authority, expertise, and skill in forwarding political agendas have been noted. Furthermore, in disregarding the precautionary principle by default, current reductionist and pseudoscientific forensic methods risk facilitating the bypassing of laws intended to protect the human rights of children at their most vulnerable. These highly consequential forensic age assessments must yield results greater than chance, as the aftermath of failures are neither humane, sustainable, or legally certain. Flawed results can impede children from accessing foundational human rights, such as the right to health, to thrive, and to meet their full potential, raising resounding medical, ethical, and legal concerns. The social sciences must contribute with expertise and actively engage in this debate, and work toward developing and establishing a thorough and holistic age assessment process, including biomedical aspects such as growth curves, x-rays, and adding psychosocial components such as recollection of childhood memories, psychosocial maturity, along with reports from adults in the children’s social networks (such as teachers, social workers, and others) on how the assessed child handled everyday life.
4.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (author) Vad är rättspsykiatri? En filosofisk betraktelse : What is forensic psychiatry? A philosophical annotation 2014 In: Ancharsäter H, Nilsson T & Radovic, S (2014). MAD, SAD or BAD? Nedslag i svensk rättspsykiatrisk forskning - en festskrift till Anders Forsmans 70-årsdag. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789163754357 ; , s. 113-118 Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
5.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (author) Patient Collaboration and Person Centeredness in Forensic Psychiatric Care: An Ethical Map 2017 In: 35th International Congress on Law and Mental Health, July 9-14, 2017, Prague. Abstracts of the XXX Vth International Congress on Law and Mental Health / David N. Weisstub Editor. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract There is increasing interest in applying ideas from person centred care (PCC) in forensic psychiatry, including increased room for patients to collaborate in the care design. However, standard ethical assumptions in PCC about capacities of patients, as well as a traditional health care ethical context, departs significantly from the forensic psychiatric situation. Forensic psychiatric care is beset with restrictions of personal freedom and motivated partly by patients' incapacity to take responsibility brought by mental ill-health, usually within limits from criminal law, public safety and court orders. The care is supposed to change patients to become more autonomous and responsible in order for the restrictions on freedom to be justifiably relaxed or removed. Doing so may involve some room for independent decision-making by patients, using their responsibility capacities, but PCC opens up for much more far-reaching empowerment of patients, e.g., regarding the goals of care and the acceptance of applied methods. Therefore, there is a manifold increase of the ethical complexity creating tensions for PCC already in standard health care. This presentation provides a map of these ethical complexities, focusing especially on the issue of how the central notions of patient empowerment and shared decision-making should imply within forensic psychiatric care.
6.	Rizzi, Maria C, et al. (author) The potential of different countermeasures to prevent injuries with high risk of health loss among bicyclists in Sweden 2020 In: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 21:3, s. 215-221 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: As bicyclists account for the largest share of serious injuries in Sweden, focus to improve safety for bicyclists is needed. While knowledge about fatal bicycle crashes is rather extensive, the number of studies that have investigated non-fatal injuries is still rather limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of different countermeasures to reduce crashes resulting in injuries with high risk of health-loss among cyclists in Sweden. A further aim was to describe the residual—that is, crashes that were not considered to be addressed by the analyzed countermeasures. Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish national crash database Strada. A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The potential of countermeasures currently included in the Swedish Safety Performance Indicators, as well as of countermeasures that could be described as “existing but not fully implemented” was assessed. The overall potential of all countermeasures assessed was calculated, giving a grand total without double counting. Cases that were considered not to be addressed by any of the countermeasures included (i.e., the residual crashes) were described in more detail. Results: The current Swedish Safety Performance Indicators that relate to safe cycling addressed 22% of crashes. Improved maintenance by deicing and removal of snow from bicycle infrastructure was found to have the highest potential (8%), followed by improved crashworthiness of passenger cars (5%) and safer bicycle crossings (4%). The potential for existing but not fully implemented safety improvements was 56%. The greatest potential was found for Autonomous Emergency Braking with cyclist detection for passenger cars (12%), followed by studded winter tyres for bicycles (12%), and improved maintenance on non-bicycle infrastructure (11%). In total, taking double counting into consideration, all safety improvements could address 64% of all crashes. Among the residual crashes, the majority (69%) were single bicycle crashes of which most were related to wheel locking during braking and losing balance at low speed or stationary. Conclusions: Compared with fatal crashes that involve a majority of bicycle-car crashes, the crashes leading to health-loss are mostly single bicycle crashes. Therefore, innovation and development of additional countermeasures to improve safety for bicyclists should focus on single bicycle crashes.
7.	Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al. (author) Diagnosis-specific sickness absence among injured working-aged pedestrians: a sequence analysis 2023 In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1, s. 367- Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the long-term consequences in terms of sickness absence (SA) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls, is scarce. Therefore, the aim was to explore diagnosis-specific patterns of SA during a four-year period and their association with different sociodemographic and occupational factors among all individuals of working ages who were injured as a pedestrian. METHODS: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 20-59 and living in Sweden, who in 2014-2016 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Diagnosis-specific SA (> 14 days) was assessed weekly from one year before the accident up until three years after the accident. Sequence analysis was used to identify patterns (sequences) of SA, and cluster analysis to form clusters of individuals with similar sequences. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of the different factors and cluster memberships were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 11,432 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident. Eight clusters of SA patterns were identified. The largest cluster was characterized by no SA, three clusters had different SA patterns due to injury diagnoses (immediate, episodic, and later). One cluster had SA both due to injury and other diagnoses. Two clusters had SA due to other diagnoses (short-term and long-term) and one cluster mainly consisted of individuals with disability pension (DP). Compared to the cluster "No SA", all other clusters were associated with older age, no university education, having been hospitalized, and working in health and social care. The clusters "Immediate SA", "Episodic SA" and "Both SA due to injury and other diagnoses" were also associated with higher odds of pedestrians who sustained a fracture. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians observed diverging patterns of SA after their accident. The largest cluster of pedestrians had no SA, and the other seven clusters had different patterns of SA in terms of diagnosis (injury and other diagnoses) and timing of SA. Differences were found between all clusters regarding sociodemographic and occupational factors. This information can contribute to the understanding of long-term consequences of road traffic accidents.
8.	Lindhe, Andreas, 1981, et al. (author) Användningen av MACRO-DB i tillståndsärenden och effekter av ny modellversion: Enkätstudie och samhällsekonomisk analys av arbetet med MACRO-DB 2022 Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract I syfte att skydda dricksvattentäkter, dvs. yt- och grundvattenresurser, kan användningen av växtskyddsmedel regleras genom att exempelvis ställa krav på tillstånd för yrkesmässig användning inom vattenskyddsområden. Att bedöma när, hur och vilka växtskyddsmedel som kan spridas kan vara komplicerat. För att underlätta arbetet med att både ta fram och handlägga tillståndsärenden finns därför modellverktyget MACRO-DB. Verktyget har utvecklats av SLU Centrum för kemiska bekämpningsmedel i miljön (CKB) och används för att simulera bekämpningsmedelsläckage till yt- och grundvatten och bedöma om risken är acceptabelt låg eller inte. År 2018 gjordes en satsning där både Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) och CKB gjorde investeringar för att vidareutveckla MACRO-DB. Syftet med analysen som presenteras i denna rapport har varit att utvärdera om satsningen varit samhällsekonomiskt motiverad med hjälp av en kostnads-nyttoanalys (KNA). För att ta fram nödvändigt underlag och ge en bild av dagens arbete med tillståndsärenden för yrkesmässig användning av växtskyddsmedel på jordbruksmark inom vattenskyddsområden har en enkätundersökning genomförts. Enkäten skickades till samtliga svenska kommuner och syftade specifikt till att kartlägga användningen av MACRO-DB. Den genomförda enkätstudien besvarades av 58 % av Sveriges kommuner och bedöms baserat på detta och den geografiska spridningen ge en bra bild av dagens arbete med tillståndsärenden för användning av växtskyddsmedel på jordbruksmark inom vattenskyddsområden och specifikt användningen av MACRO-DB. Av de kommuner som besvarat enkäten är det 71 % som handlägger den aktuella typen av ärenden och av dessa är det 61 % som använder MACRO-DB som del av beslutsunderlaget. En majoritet av kommunerna använder såldes MACRO-DB. Bland de som inte använder MACRO-DB beror det framför allt på att man inte känner verktyget. Endast en mindre andel anser att det är inte rimligt att ställa krav på användning av MACRO-DB i den typ av ärenden de hanterar. Av de kommuner som använder MACRO-DB gör 55 % egna körningar för att kontrollera resultaten som lämnas in med tillståndsansökningarna. En stor andel (44 %) gör i stället granskningar av underlagsmaterial och antaganden. Enligt drygt hälften (53 %) av kommunerna tar dricksvattenproducenten del av uppgifter om vilka växtskyddsmedel som används inom vattenskyddsområden, i syfte att anpassa kontrollen av förekomst av växtskyddsmedelsrester i rå- och dricksvatten. Resultaten från enkäten visar också att majoriteten av kommunerna som använder MACRO-DB (93 %) anser att verktyget fungerar bra (61 %) eller mycket bra (32 %) som hjälpmedel. De förslag som lämnats på hur användningen skulle kunna förbättras innefattar bland annat behov av utbildning och annan stöttning men även behovet av mindre tidskrävande simuleringar. Att reducera simuleringstiden har varit ett av syftena med den uppdatering av MACRO-DB som gjorts och är en av de nyttor som ingår i den genomförda KNA:n. I analysen har fokus varit på följande kostnader och nyttor: (i) investeringarna som HaV och CKB gjort, (ii) tidsvinster som den nya modellversionen ger för kommuner, rådgivare och andra aktörer, (iii) möjliga effekter av en ökad livsmedelproduktion om det blir möjligt att söka tillstånd för spridning av växtskyddsmedel på odlingsmark där det idag råder förbud, och (iv) förlust av miljönyttor som en ökad spridning av växtskyddsmedel kan ge upphov till. Utifrån de antaganden som scenarierna i KNA:n bygger på bedöms nyttorna kunna överstiga kostnaderna, vilket alltså indikerar att satsningen på nya MACRO-DB kan vara samhällsekonomiskt motiverad. Skillnaden mellan nyttor och kostnader är samtidigt inte så betydande att ett annat resultat helt kan uteslutas, det vill säga att kostnaderna skulle kunna överstiga nyttorna. Scenarierna bygger på flera antaganden som är osäkra och de presenterade resultaten över samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet bör därför tolkas med viss försiktighet. Det kan dock konstateras att nyttorna till följd av tidsbesparingar är i samma storleksordning som investeringskostnaderna, vilket innebär att satsningen kan vara samhällsekonomiskt även om endast dessa aspekter beaktas. Osäkerheterna bedöms vara störst i de uppskattade nyttorna av ökad livsmedelsproduktion samt de minskade miljönyttorna. Dessa poster i KNA:n beskriver för- respektive nackdelarna som uppstår om det blir möjligt att söka tillstånd för spridning av växtskyddsmedel på odlingsmark där det idag rådet förbud. Resultaten visar att även dessa nyttor och kostnader är i samma storleksordning. Det kan därför konstateras att såväl möjligheten att bruka marken för livsmedelproduktion som skyddet av yt- och grundvattenresurser är förknippade med stora nyttor. Skyddet av yt- och grundvattenresurserna behöver därför säkerställas samtidigt som åtgärderna inte ska vara onödigt långtgående så att de ger orimliga restriktioner i markanvändningen och i detta fall effekter på livsmedelproduktionen. Verktyg och hjälpmedel som MACRO-DB är därför viktiga för att möjliggöra en rimlig avvägning när risken spridning av växtskyddsmedel kan tillåtas och när det inte är rimligt. I handläggningen av tillståndsärenden och avvägningar om det ska råda förbud eller krav på tillstånd är den inte bara spridningen av växtskyddsmedel som behöver beaktas utan även övriga förutsättningar och risker som hanteringen av växtskyddsmedel är förknippad med.
9.	Lindgren, Petter, et al. (author) A likelihood ratio-based approach for improved source attribution in microbiological forensic investigations 2019 In: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 302 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A common objective in microbial forensic investigations is to identify the origin of a recovered pathogenic bacterium by DNA sequencing. However, there is currently no consensus about how degrees of belief in such origin hypotheses should be quantified, interpreted, and communicated to wider audiences. To fill this gap, we have developed a concept based on calculating probabilistic evidential values for microbial forensic hypotheses. The likelihood-ratio method underpinning this concept is widely used in other forensic fields, such as human DNA matching, where results are readily interpretable and have been successfully communicated in juridical hearings. The concept was applied to two case scenarios of interest in microbial forensics: (1) identifying source cultures among series of very similar cultures generated by parallel serial passage of the Tier 1 pathogen Francisella tularensis, and (2) finding the production facilities of strains isolated in a real disease outbreak caused by the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Evidence values for the studied hypotheses were computed based on signatures derived from whole genome sequencing data, including deep-sequenced low-frequency variants and structural variants such as duplications and deletions acquired during serial passages. In the F. tularensis case study, we were able to correctly assign fictive evidence samples to the correct culture batches of origin on the basis of structural variant data. By setting up relevant hypotheses and using data on cultivated batch sources to define the reference populations under each hypothesis, evidential values could be calculated. The results show that extremely similar strains can be separated on the basis of amplified mutational patterns identified by high-throughput sequencing. In the L. monocytogenes scenario, analyses of whole genome sequence data conclusively assigned the clinical samples to specific sources of origin, and conclusions were formulated to facilitate communication of the findings. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of using bacterial whole genome sequencing data, including data on both low frequency SNP signatures and structural variants, to calculate evidence values that facilitate interpretation and communication of the results. The concept could be applied in diverse scenarios, including both epidemiological and forensic source tracking of bacterial infectious disease outbreaks.
10.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (author) Hate Crime, Mental Disorder and Criminal Responsibility 2017 In: Edward Dunbar, Amalio Blanco, Desirée A. Crèvecoeur-MacPhail, Christian Munthe, Michael Fingerle, David Brax (eds.), The Psychology of Hate Crimes as Domestic Terrorism: U.S. and Global Issues, vol. 1. - Santa Barbara, CA : Praeger. - 9781440845598 ; , s. 225-238 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
11.	Bartelink, Eric J., et al. (author) A Case of Contested Cremains Analyzed Through Metric and Chemical Comparison 2015 In: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 60:4, s. 1068-1073 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Since the 1980s, cremation has become the fastest growing area of the U.S. funeral industry. At the same time, the number of litigations against funeral homes and cremation facilities has increased. Forensic anthropologists are often asked to determine whether the contents of an urn are actually cremated bone, and to address questions regarding the identity of the remains. This study uses both metric and chemical analyses for resolving a case of contested cremains. A cremains weight of 2021.8 g was predicted based on the decedent's reported stature and weight. However, the urn contents weighed 4173.5 g. The urn contents also contained material inconsistent with cremains (e.g., moist sediment, stones, ferrous metal). Analysis using XRD and SEM demonstrated that the urn contained thermally altered bone as well as inorganic material consistent with glass fiber cement. Although forensically challenging, cremains cases such as this one can be resolved using a multidisciplinary approach.
12.	Andersson, M.G., et al. (author) Application of the Bayesian framework for forensic interpretation to casework involving postmortem interval estimates of decomposed human remains 2019 In: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6283 .- 0379-0738. ; 301, s. 402-414 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract © 2019 Elsevier B.V. We demonstrate how the Bayesian framework for forensic interpretation can be adapted for casework involving postmortem intervals (PMI) utilizing taphonomic data as well as how to overcome some of the limitations of current approaches for estimating and communicating uncertainty. A model is implemented for indoor cases based on partial body scores from three different anatomical regions as correlated functions of accumulated temperature (AT). The multivariate model enables estimation of PMI for human remains also when one or two local body scores are missing or undetermined, e.g. as a result of burns, scars or covered body parts. The model was trained using the expectation maximization algorithm, enabling us to account for uncertainty of PMI and/or ambient temperature in the training data. Alternative approaches reporting the results are presented, including the likelihood curve, likelihood ratios for competing hypotheses and posterior probability distributions and credibility intervals for PMI. The applicability or the approaches in different forensic scenarios is discussed.
13.	Ohlin, Maria, 1987, et al. (author) Duration of sickness absence following a bicycle crash, by injury type and injured body region: A nationwide register-based study 2018 In: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 9, s. 275-281 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In recent years, bicycle injuries have increased but little is known about the relation of such injures to sickness absence (SA). The aim of this study was to investigate duration of SA > 14 days after a bicycle crash, in general and by injury type and injured body region. A population-based study was conducted, including all individuals living in Sweden, aged 16-64 years, who in 2009-2011 had in-or specialized outpatient medical care due to a new injury from a bicycle crash (n = 22,045), excluding those already on SA or full-time disability pension at the time of the crash. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a new SA were estimated by logistic regression. In total, 4387 (20%) had new SA in connection to the crash. SA was most common among individuals aged 55-64 years (32%), and more common among women (23%) than men (18%). Fractures was the injury type with the highest OR for SA across all durations, but highest for 30-89 days (8.09; CI 6.30-10.39). Spine and back was the body region with the highest OR for SA >= 90 days (11.98; CI 7.38-19.46), followed by Traumatic Brain Injuries (6.64; CI 4.01-10.98), and injuries to lower extremities (5.28; CI 3.58-7.78). For 235 individuals (5%) the SA spell lasted >= 180 days. Among those cases, the most commonly injured body regions were lower leg (21%) followed by shoulder and upper arm (17%), and Traumatic Brain Injuries (15%). In conclusion, the duration of SA varied with type of injury and injured body region. Among the very long SA spells, common injuries were injuries to the lower leg, to the shoulder and upper arm, and traumatic brain injuries.
14.	Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al. (author) Bicycle crashes and sickness absence - a population-based Swedish register study of all individuals of working ages 2019 In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BackgroundIn recent years, bicycle injuries have increased, yet little is known about the impact of such injures on sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). The aim was to explore SA and DP among individuals of working ages injured in a bicycle crash.MethodA nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 16-64years and living in Sweden, who in 2010 had in- or specialized out-patient healthcare (including emergency units) after a bicycle crash. Information on age, sex, sociodemographics, SA, DP, crash type, injury type, and injured body region was used. We analyzed individuals with no SA or DP, with ongoing SA or full-time DP already at the time of the crash, and with new SA >14days in connection to the crash. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for new SA were estimated by logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 7643 individuals had healthcare due to a new bicycle crash (of which 85% were single-bicycle crashes). Among all, 10% were already on SA or full-time DP at the time of the crash, while 18% had a new SA spell. The most common types of injuries were external injuries (38%) and fractures (37%). The body region most frequently injured was the upper extremities (43%). Women had higher OR (1.40; 1.23-1.58) for new SA than men, as did older individuals compared with younger (OR 2.50; 2.02-3.09, for ages: 55-64 vs. 25-34). The injury types with the highest ORs for new SA, compared with the reference group external injuries was fractures (8.04; 6.62-9.77) and internal injuries (7.34; 3.67-14.66). Individuals with traumatic brain injury and injuries to the vertebral column and spinal cord had higher ORs for SA compared with other head, face, and neck injuries (2.72; 1.19-6.22 and 3.53; 2.24-5.55, respectively).ConclusionsIn this explorative nationwide study of new bicycle crashes among individuals of working ages, 18% had a new SA spell in connection to the crash while 10% were already on SA or DP. The ORs for new SA were higher among women, older individuals, and among individuals with a fracture.
15.	Söderberg, Andreas, et al. (author) Patients’ Experiences of Participation in High-Security, Forensic Psychiatric Care 2022 In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 43:7, s. 683-692 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The role of patient participation in forensic psychiatric care is unclear, but has been emphasised as important in recent research. This study aims to describe patients’ lived experiences of participation in high-security, forensic psychiatric settings. Sixteen patient interviews were performed in this phenomenological study and analysed with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach (RLR). Results show that participation must be understood in relation to its opposite construct, non-participation. Participation can thus be explained as situations where non-participation is less visible. Actions to develop the training of patient-staff interactions for forensic psychiatric staff to promote patient participation are called for.
16.	Turner-Walker, Gordon Howard, et al. (author) An experimental study of morphological and chemical degradation of bone in wetlands: potential for DNA extraction and amplification 2008 In: Geoarchaeological and Bioarchaeological Studies. - 1571-0750. ; 10, s. 75-84 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
17.	Freeman, Michael D., et al. (author) Forensic epidemiologic and biomechanical analysis of a pelvic cavity blowour injury associated with ejection from a personal watercraft (Jet-Ski) 2013 In: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 58:1, s. 237-244 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Jet-propelled personal watercraft (PWC) or jet-skis have become increasingly popular. The means of propulsion of PWC, which is a jet of water forced out of small nozzle at the rear of the craft, combined with a high risk of falling off of the seat and into close proximity with the water jet stream, raise the potential for a unique type of injury mechanism. The most serious injuries associated with PWC falls are those that occur when the perineum passes in close proximity to the jet nozzle and the high-pressure water stream enters the vaginal or rectal orifice. We describe the forensic investigation into a case of an anovaginal "blowout" injury in a passenger who was ejected from the rear seat position of a PWC and subsequently suffered life-threatening injuries to the pelvic organs. The investigation included a biomechanical analysis of the injury mechanism, a summary of prior published reports of internal pelvic injuries resulting from PWC falls as well as other water sports and activities, and a comparison of the severity of the injuries resulting from differing mechanisms using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) NISS values for reported PWC injuries [not including the NISS of 38 in this case study] were 11.2 (±9.5), while the mean value for reported water-skiing falls was half that of the PWC group at 5.6 (±5.2). It was concluded that the analyzed injuries were unique to a PWC ejection versus other previously described non-PWC-associated water sport injuries. It is recommended that PWC manufacturers help consumers understand the potential risks to passengers with highly visible warnings and reduce injury risk with revised seat design, and/or passenger seat "deadman" switches.
18.	Hildingh, Cathrine, 1949-, et al. (author) Stress, health complaints and self-confidence : a comparison between young adult women in Sweden and USA 2006 In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:2, s. 202-208 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Transition to adulthood is a period in life when women encounter conflicts, ambiguities and rapidly expanding roles that may be stressful and difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to compare stress in daily life, health complaints and self-confidence in 26-year old women in two different cultures. A health survey study was performed among Swedish women (n = 386) and American women (n = 201) living in urban areas at the West coast of Sweden and in Minnesota. Both Swedish and American women reported stress in their everyday life, with higher figures for the Americans. Overall health was rated lower by the Swedish women and they reported more health complaints such as headache, general tiredness, irritability, depression and sleeping disorders. There was a difference between groups in self-confidence with higher figures for excellent self-confidence among American women. However, low self-confidence was reported by more American than Swedish women. A good work situation predicted self-confidence in Swedish women and financial confidence in American women. Physical fitness was associated with self-confidence in both groups. Young women in both cultures experienced high level of stress but health related complaints were more common among Swedish women. High stress and health complaints must be taken seriously and interventions to support young women in the midst of transition to adulthood should contain stress reduction as well as empowerment performed in a more effective way than today in different health care settings and at place of work.
19.	Lindstedt, Helena, et al. (author) Background factors related to and/or influencing occupation in mentally disordered offenders 2006 In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:3, s. 331-338 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Objective: Knowledge of background and occupational related factors of mentally disordered offenders are missing. It is essential to understand these issues when planning discharge from forensic psychiatric hospital care to enable community dwelling. Aims: One aim was to investigate mentally disordered offenders' background factors, confidence in and how they value occupations. Another aim was to investigate MDOs background factors' in relation to and the influences on Occupational Performance and Social Participation. Method: Data was collected with an explorative, correlative design after informed consent, from 74 mentally disordered offenders (mean age 34,2) cared for in forensic psychiatric hospitals. Assessments were Allen Cognitive Level Screen, Capability to Perform Daily Occupations, Interview Schedule of Social Interaction, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, Self-efficacy Scale and Importance scale. Eight background factors were assembled from the individual forensic psychiatric investigation. Findings: Most of the investigated background factors relate to and half of them influence occupational performance, particular the cognitive aspect of occupational performance. The influences on occupation originate from adulthood, such as suffering from schizophrenia, psycho/social problems, and having performed violent crimes. These findings indicate that staff in forensic hospital care should initiate rehabilitation with knowledge about MDOs' complex daily occupations. For avoiding information bias, information gathering preceding treatment planning should be performed in collaboration between caring staff and mentally disordered offenders.
20.	Candefjord, Stefan, 1981, et al. (author) On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) machine learning algorithms for motor vehicle crash occupants in US 2021 In: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-1405. ; 22 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract A significant proportion of motor vehicle crash fatalities are potentially preventable with improved acute care. By increasing the accuracy of triage more victims could be transported directly to the best suited care facility and be provided optimal care. We hypothesize that On Scene Injury Severity Prediction (OSISP) algorithms, developed utilizing machine learning methods, have potential to improve triage by complementing the field triage protocol. In this study, the accuracy of OSISP algorithms based on the “National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System” (NASS-CDS) of crashes involving adult occupants for calendar years 2010–2015 was evaluated. Severe injury was the dependent variable, defined as Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. The dataset contained 37873 subjects, whereof 21589 included injury data and were further analyzed. Selection of model predictors was based on potential for injury severity prediction and perceived feasibility of assessment by first responders. We excluded vehicle telemetry data due to the limited availability of these systems in the contemporary vehicle fleet, and because this data is not yet being utilized in prehospital care. The machine learning algorithms Logistic Regression, Ridge Regression, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Stochastic Gradient Descent and Artificial Neural Networks were evaluated. Best performance with small margin was achieved with Logistic Regression, achieving area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.82–0.90), as estimated by 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Ejection, Entrapment, Belt use, Airbag deployment and Crash type were good predictors. Using only a subset of the 5–7 best predictors approached the prediction accuracy achieved when using the full set (14 predictors). A simplified benefit analysis indicated that nationwide implementation of OSISP in the US could bring improved care for 3100 severely injured patients, and reduce unnecessary use of trauma center resources for 94000 non-severely injured patients, every year.
21.	Lynøe, Niels, et al. (author) Skakvåld mot spädbarn – läkarens roll måste särskiljas från rättsväsendets roll 2019 In: Tidsskrift for Den norske lægeforening. - Oslo : Norwegian Medical Association. - 0029-2001 .- 0807-7096. Journal article (peer-reviewed)
22.	Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al. (author) Community-level football injury epidemiology : traumatic injuries treated at Swedish emergency medical facilities 2018 In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28:1, s. 94-99 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Despite the popularity of the sport, few studies have investigated community-level football injury patterns. This study examines football injuries treated at emergency medical facilities using data from three Swedish counties.Methods: An open-cohort design was used based on residents aged 0-59 years in three Swedish counties (pop. 645 520). Data were collected from emergency medical facilities in the study counties between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010. Injury frequencies and proportions for age groups stratified by sex were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and displayed per diagnostic group and body location.Results: Each year, more than 1/200 person aged 0-59 years sustained at least one injury during football play that required emergency medical care. The highest injury incidence was observed among adolescent boys [2009 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1914-2108)] and adolescent girls [1413 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1333-1498)]. For female adolescents and adults, knee joint/ligament injury was the outstanding injury type (20% in ages 13-17 years and 34% in ages 18-29 years). For children aged 7-12 years, more than half of the treated injuries involved the upper extremity; fractures constituted about one-third of these injuries.Conclusions: One of every 200 residents aged 0-59 years in typical Swedish counties each year sustained a traumatic football injury that required treatment in emergency healthcare. Further research on community-level patterns of overuse syndromes sustained by participation in football play is warranted.
23.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (author) Etiken och rättspsykiatrin i Sverige – framtida utmaningar : The Ethics of Swedish Forensic Psychiatry – Coming Challenges 2019 In: NÄTROM: Nätverket för rättspsykiatrisk vård, Konferens, 14-15 November, 2019, Stockholm. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
24.	Sholts, Sabrina B., et al. (author) Identification of Group Affinity from Cross-sectional Contours of the Human Midfacial Skeleton Using Digital Morphometrics and 3D Laser Scanning Technology 2011 In: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 56:2, s. 333-338 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Identifying group affinity from human crania is a long-standing problem in forensic and physical anthropology. Many craniofacial differences used in forensic skeletal identification are difficult to quantify, although certain measurements of the midfacial skeleton have shown high predictive value for group classifications. This study presents a new method for analyzing midfacial shape variation between different geographic groups. Three-dimensional laser scan models of 90 crania from three populations were used to obtain cross-sectional midfacial contours defined by three standard craniometric landmarks. Elliptic Fourier transforms of the contours were used to extract Fourier coefficients for statistical analysis. After cross-validation, discriminant functions based on the Fourier coefficients provided an average of 86% correct classifications for crania from the three groups. The high rate of accuracy of this method indicates its usefulness for identifying group affinities among human skeletal remains and demonstrates the advantages of digital 3D model-based analysis in forensic research.
25.	Wisten, Aase, et al. (author) Sudden cardiac death in the young in Sweden : electrocardiogram in relation to forensic diagnosis. 2004 In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 255:2, s. 213-220 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: To study electrocardiogram (ECG) in relation to forensic diagnosis in young persons who suffered a sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Sweden during 1992-99. DESIGN: A register study of a national database of forensic medicine in Sweden, selecting all cases of SCD 15-35 years of age. In this group, 12-lead ECGs and clinical data were searched for in military conscription and medical records. The ECGs were re-analysed and classified according to the Minnesota code criteria. SETTING: The whole nation of Sweden. SUBJECTS: Sudden cardiac death victims (66 individuals), 15-35 years of age, where it was possible to obtain an ECG recording. RESULTS: We observed major or minor ECG abnormalities in 82% of the subjects. The most common changes were T wave abnormalities (35%), ST segment changes (32%) and conduction defects (20%). The ECGs were evaluated as pathological in 50% of the cases, more often in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (88%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (82%). Cardiac-related symptoms were seen in 76% of the total group and there was a family history of a similar cardiac condition in 18%. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological ECGs were common in young SCD victims, in spite of being taken many years before death. An ECG could help identify prospective victims of SCD, and should always be taken in cases with possible cardiac-related symptoms or a family history of SCD. The pathological ECGs were often found in connection with routine screening at military enlistment for men, which raises the question of a routine screening in the young, including women.
26.	Antona-Makoshi, Jacobo, et al. (author) Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injuries Sustained by Occupants in Japanese Brand Car Crashes in the US 2018 In: International Journal of Automotive Engineering. - : Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan. - 2185-0992 .- 2185-0984. ; 9:3, s. 145-450 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study estimates, by means of an analysis of accident data from the US, the incidence and risk of car crash related traumatic brain injuries for occupants in Japanese brand cars. The study incorporated crash type, crash severity, car model year, belt use and the victim's age and sex. Concussion risk was the highest among all brain injury categories for all crash types and severities; females were at higher risks than males. When concussions were excluded, Subdural Haemorrhages, Intracranial Haemorrhages and Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhages comprised the most frequent injury categories. Elderly occupants were at considerably higher risks than non-elderly for these bleeding injuries.
27.	Junuzovic, Mensura, et al. (author) Unintentional non-hunting firearm deaths in Sweden, 1983-2012 2016 In: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 61:4, s. 966-971 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We examined the association between unintentional nonhunting firearm deaths and changes in firearm legislation in Sweden. There were 43 fatalities during the study time frame 1983-2012, representing 46% of all unintentional firearm deaths during the same period. The victims were predominantly young males (mean age 25 years). Slightly more than half of the deaths were caused by another person and were inflicted at close range. The main cause of the incidents was human error. The majority of the involved firearms were legal; however, most victims killed with illegal firearms were under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs at the time. The death rate decreased significantly following the introduction of the hunter's examination in 1985. Education and training associated with the hunter's examination was at least partially responsible for the decline in fatalities after 1985. Future prevention should target the availability of illegal firearms.
28.	Fägerström, Christoffer, et al. (author) Insects and other invertebrate remains from the coffin of a 17th century bishop in Lund Minster, S Sweden 2020 In: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 31 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An extraordinarily diverse and well-preserved material, including the remains of 47 insect taxa and 12 taxa of other invertebrates, extracted from the 17th century burial of Bishop Peder Winstrup in Lund Minster, is presented and discussed in terms of the treatment of the body, activities connected with the burial and faunal significance. The invertebrate assemblages include species from gardens, insects feeding on living plants as well as dried or decaying plant matter. Many of the species are regarded as closely associated with humans (synanthropic), and a number of these are associated with outbuildings, such as stables and cellars. The absence of species associated with cadavers (necrophilous taxa) in the studied insect material is significant. The most plausible explanation is that the bishop died, and was buried during the winter, when such species are inactive, and thus precluded from colonising the body. A number of species were recorded which are today rare or very rare in southern Sweden. This is a strong indication that they once were more common and widespread, perhaps due to a greater prevalence of their preferred habitats. Sweden’s earliest fossil bedbug is also amongst the finds.
29.	Olsson, Helén, 1961-, et al. (author) Decreased risk for violence in patients admitted to forensic care, measured with the HCR-20 2013 In: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0883-9417 .- 1532-8228. ; 27:4, s. 191-197 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract AIM: The aim of this study was to explore if patients admitted to forensic psychiatric care decreased their assessed risk for violence over time, to identify patients who decreased their assessed risk for violence exceptionally well (30% or more) on the clinical (C) and risk management (R) scales in the (HCR-20), and to compare them in terms of demographic data.METHODS: The HCR-20 risk assessment instrument was used to assess the risk for violence in 267 patients admitted to a Swedish forensic psychiatric clinic between 1997 and 2010. Their assessments at admission were compared with a second, and most recent, risk assessment.RESULTS: The risk for violence decreased over time. Demographic criteria had no impact on differences on decreased risk. Only two factors, namely gender and psychopathy showed a difference. Risk factors associated with stress and lack of personal support were the items that turned out to be the most difficult to reduce.CONCLUSION: The results show that risk prevention in forensic care does work and it is important to continue to work with risk management. The study highlights the importance of a careful analysis of the patient's risk for violence in order to work with the patient's specific risk factors to reduce the risk.
30.	Staadig, Adam, et al. (author) Applying Unique Molecular Indices with an Extensive All-in-One Forensic SNP Panel for Improved Genotype Accuracy and Sensitivity 2023 In: Genes. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4425. ; 14:4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract One of the major challenges in forensic genetics is being able to detect very small amounts of DNA. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) enables sensitive detection; however, genotype errors may exist and could interfere with the interpretation. Common errors in MPS-based analysis are often induced during PCR or sequencing. Unique molecular indices (UMIs) are short random nucleotide sequences ligated to each template molecule prior to amplification. Applying UMIs can improve the limit of detection by enabling accurate counting of initial template molecules and removal of erroneous data. In this study, we applied the FORCE panel, which includes ~5500 SNPs, with a QIAseq Targeted DNA Custom Panel (Qiagen), including UMIs. Our main objective was to investigate whether UMIs can enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of forensic genotyping and to evaluate the overall assay performance. We analyzed the data both with and without the UMI information, and the results showed that both genotype accuracy and sensitivity were improved when applying UMIs. The results showed very high genotype accuracies (>99%) for both reference DNA and challenging samples, down to 125 pg. To conclude, we show successful assay performance for several forensic applications and improvements in forensic genotyping when applying UMIs.
31.	Goldstein, Asher, 1989- (author) Flawed biometric rollouts in emerging economies : evidence from Jamaica, Afghanistan, and Kenya 2022 In: Breakthroughs in Digital Biometrics and Forensics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031107054 - 9783031107085 - 9783031107061 ; , s. 345-365 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract This chapter considers the social conditions in which large-scale biometric systems have been deployed in emerging economies across three cases: Jamaica, Afghanistan, and Kenya. Its contributions to the study of biometrics and forensics are both empirical and theoretical. The empirical contribution rests on the attention to comparatively under-researched geographies and political processes of technology-driven social transformation in the Caribbean, central Asia, and east Africa. The theoretical contribution rests on the elaboration of sociopolitical factors that have hampered the effective uptake of these technologies as well as engagement in dialogue with the body of literature on development-driven technological interventions into the governance of emerging economies. By undertaking a critical review of these contemporary cases, the chapter presents the state of the art in both theory and implementation while illustrating the necessities of popular legitimacy, equitable access, universal registration, and clearly elaborated data protection regimes in biometric rollouts.
32.	Eggers, Jeannette (author) Opportunity Costs of In Situ Carbon Storage Derived by Multiple-Objective Stand-Level Optimization-Results from Case Studies in Portugal and Germany 2022 In: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Considering in situ carbon storage in forest management has gained momentum under increasing pressure to decarbonize our economies. Here, we present results from case studies in Portugal and Germany showing the opportunity costs of in situ carbon storage derived by multiple-objective optimization. We used a stand-level model to optimize land expectation value under uncertainty as a reference, then derived opportunity costs by including the enhancement of the average carbon storage in aboveground biomass as a second objective. Using the optimal (compromise) solution when considering both objectives simultaneously, we show opportunity costs of EUR 119 (Portugal) and EUR 68 (Germany) per Mg CO2eq. These opportunity costs are higher than conservative, but lower than alternative cost estimates for future damages caused by current CO2 emissions. An important result was that suggested reference solutions in both countries (though only for low discount rates in Portugal) were mixed forests without clearfelling. In Germany, this implicitly elevated carbon storage. Such "closer-to-nature-forest-management" systems were also mostly suggested by the optimization tool when carbon storage was an objective.
33.	Fagerlind, Helen, 1975, et al. (author) Identifying individual-based injury patterns in multi-trauma road users by using an association rule mining method 2022 In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575. ; 164 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract In many road crashes the human body is exposed to high forces, commonly resulting in multiple injuries. This study of linked road crash data aimed to identify co-occurring injuries in multiple injured road users by using a novel application of a data mining technique commonly used in Market Basket Analysis. We expected that some injuries are statistically associated with each other and form Individual-Based Injury Patterns (IBIPs) and further that specific road users are associated with certain IBIPs. First, a new injury taxonomy was developed through a four-step process to allow the use of injury data recorded from either of the two major dictionaries used to document anatomical injury. Then data from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition, which includes crash circumstances from the police and injury information from hospitals, was analysed for the years 2011 to 2017. The injury data was analysed using the Apriori algorithm to identify statistical association between injuries (IBIP). Each IBIP were then used as the outcome variable in logistic regression modelling to identify associations between specific road user types and IBIPs. A total of 48,544 individuals were included in the analysis of which 36,480 (75.1%) had a single injury category recorded and 12,064 (24.9%) were considered multiply injured. The data mining analysis identified 77 IBIPs in the multiply injured sample and 16 of these were associated with only one road user type. IBIPs and their relation to road user type are one step on the journey towards developing a tool to better understand and quantify injury severity and thereby improve the evidence-base supporting prioritisation of road safety countermeasures.
34.	Iraeus, Johan, 1973, et al. (author) Analysis of minimum pulse shape information needed for accurate chest injury prediction in real life frontal crashes 2021 In: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 26:6, s. 684-691 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The relationship between crash pulse shape and injury risk has been studied primarily with laboratory studies, but these are not necessarily representative of most real-life crashes. For the past decade, pulse information from real-life crashes has been available through event data recorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate how crash pulses from event data recorders can be parameterized with as few parameters as possible without losing the ability to accurately predict occupant injury. Pulses from 122 NASS/CDS cases with a delta velocity over 40 km/h were parameterized using eigenvector analysis. Six different pulses were created for each of these cases, including the original pulse and five approximations with gradually more pulse information. Using a finite-element sled model with the detailed THUMS human body model, the risk of chest injury was evaluated for each pulse version in each case. By comparing the results from each pulse approximation to the original pulse, the change in chest injury could be evaluated as a function of pulse approximation for each case. Using linear regression to analyse the chest injury error results it was found that a pulse with as few as four parameters-delta velocity, duration, and two shape parameters-can sufficiently describe the pulse shape from a chest injury point of view.
35.	Ahlm, Kristin, et al. (author) Unnatural deaths in reindeer-herding Sami families in Sweden, 1961-2001 2010 In: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 69:2, s. 129-137 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract OBJECTIVES: Unnatural deaths among Indigenous populations, including the Swedish Sami, occur more often than among the general population. To find prevention strategies, we explored the circumstances of the unnatural deaths of members of reindeer-herding Sami families.STUDY DESIGN: The number of deaths from among a cohort of 7,482 members of reindeer-herding Sami families were retrieved from the National Board of Health and Welfare for the years 1961- 2001.METHODS: An evaluation of the information from autopsy records at the National Board of Forensic Medicine, police reports, and available medical records identified 158 unnatural deaths. These were then analysed in detail.RESULTS: Transport-related deaths and suicides were the most common unnatural deaths among Swedish reindeer-herding Sami family members. Suicides contributed to 23% of all deaths, road traffic accidents to 16%, and snowmobile fatalities to 11%. The accidents generally reflected an "outdoor lifestyle" and the working conditions were characterized by the use of off-road vehicles such as snowmobiles. Half of the number of victims tested positive for alcohol and alcohol abuse was documented in 15% of all victims.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that alcohol is an important factor in preventing unnatural deaths among reindeer-herding Sami, together with increased safety of both on-road and off-road transportation.
36.	Allen, Marie, et al. (author) Universal tag arrays in forensic SNP analysis. 2005 In: Methods in Molecular Biology. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. ; 297, s. 141-154 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Microarray-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping enables simultaneous and rapid detection of a large number of markers and is thus an attractive method for forensic individual acid identification. This assay relies on a one-color detection system and minisequencing in solution before hybridization to universal tag arrays. The minisequencing reaction is based on incorporation of a fluorescent dideoxynucleotide to a primer containing a tag-sequence flanking the position to be interrogated. This one-color system detects C and T polymorphisms in separate reactions on multiple polymerase chain reaction targets with the fluorophore TAMRA coupled to the respective dideoxynucleotide. After incorporation, tagged primer sequences are hybridized through their complementary sequence on the array, and positive signals are detected by a confocal laser-scanner.
37.	Budowle, B., et al. (author) Forensic analysis of the mitochondrial coding region and association to disease. 2005 In: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 119:5, s. 314-315 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
38.	González Moraga, Fernando Renee, et al. (author) New Developments in Virtual Reality-Assisted Treatment of Aggression in Forensic Settings: The Case of VRAPT 2022 In: Frontiers in Virtual Reality. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-4192. ; 2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Aggression is a known problem in individuals being cared for in forensic settings, yet the evidence base for its treatment is scarce. Virtual Reality (VR) has been proposed as a promising addition to interventions in forensic settings, as it may increase the motivation among participants, bridge the gap between real life, therapeutic and laboratory experiences, and increase the ecological validity of psychological research. Recently, a new treatment for aggression using VR as the treatment environment, Virtual Reality Aggression Prevention Training (VRAPT), was developed to provide realistic and safe environments for participants to practice aggression management. In its current revised version, VRAPT is conceptualized as a form of cognitive behavioral therapy with its theoretical background in the General Aggression Model. Its purpose is to increase awareness of, and improve control over, one’s own aggression and that of others through social interactions in individually tailored virtual environments. This manuscript describes how the lessons learned from the first randomized controlled trial of VRAPT have been applied to further develop the method and discusses challenges and future directions for VR-assisted treatment of aggression in forensic settings. VRAPT is a new psychological treatment for aggression and the coming years will provide expanded scientific evidence for further developments and adaptations. Copyright © 2022 González Moraga, Klein Tuente, Perrin, Enebrink, Sygel, Veling and Wallinius.
39.	Heudt, Laetitia, et al. (author) Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectrometry for minimal destructive forensic analysis of black and color inkjet printed documents 2012 In: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 219:1-3, s. 64-75 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Inkjet ink analysis is the best way to discriminate between printed documents, or even though more difficult, to connect an inkjet printed document with a brand or model of printers. Raman spectroscopy and laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) have been demonstrated as powerful tools for dyes and pigments analysis, which are ink components. The aim of this work is to evaluate the aforementioned techniques for inkjet inks analysis in terms of discriminating power, information quality, and nondestructive capability. So, we investigated 10 different inkjet ink cartridges (primary colors and black), 7 from the HP manufacturer and one each from Epson, Canon and Lexmark. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of three methods: Raman spectroscopy, LDMS and MALDI-MS. Raman spectroscopy, as it is preferable to try the nondestructive approach first, is successfully adapted to the analysis of color printed documents in most cases. For analysis of color inkjet inks by LDMS, we show that a MALDI matrix (9-aminoacridine, 9AA) is needed to desorb and to ionize dyes from most inkjet inks (except Epson inks). Therefore, a method was developed to apply the 9AA MALDI matrix directly onto the piece of paper while avoiding analyte spreading. The obtained mass spectra are very discriminating and lead to information about ink additives and paper compositions. Discrimination of black inkjet printed documents is more difficult because of the common use of carbon black as the principal pigment. We show for the first time the possibility to discriminate between two black-printed documents coming from different, as well as from the same, manufacturers. Mass spectra recorded from black inks in positive ion mode LDMS detect polyethylene glycol polymers which have characteristic mass distributions and end groups. Moreover, software has been developed for rapid and objective comparison of the low mass range of these positive mode LDMS spectra which have characteristic unknown peaks.
40.	Mickleburgh, Hayley, et al. (author) Human Bone Proteomes before and after Decomposition : Investigating the Effects of Biological Variation and Taphonomic Alteration on Bone Protein Profiles and the Implications for Forensic Proteomics 2021 In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 20:5, s. 2533-2546 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Bone proteomic studies using animal proxies and skeletonized human remains have delivered encouraging results in the search for potential biomarkers for precise and accurate postmortem interval (PMI) and the age-at-death (AAD) estimation in medico-legal investigations. The development of forensic proteomics for PMI and AAD estimation is in critical need of research on human remains throughout decomposition, as currently the effects of both inter-individual biological differences and taphonomic alteration on the survival of human bone protein profiles are unclear. This study investigated the human bone proteome in four human body donors studied throughout decomposition outdoors. The effects of ageing phenomena (in vivo and post-mortem) and intrinsic and extrinsic variables on the variety and abundancy of the bone proteome were assessed. Results indicate that taphonomic and biological variables play a significant role in the survival of proteins in bone. Our findings suggest that inter-individual and inter-skeletal differences in bone mineral density (BMD) are important variables affecting the survival of proteins. Specific proteins survive better within the mineral matrix due to their mineral-binding properties. The mineral matrix likely also protects these proteins by restricting the movement of decomposer microbes. New potential biomarkers for PMI estimation and AAD estimation were identified. Future development of forensic bone proteomics should include standard measurement of BMD and target a combination of different biomarkers.
41.	Trägårdh, Karin, et al. (author) Risk Profiles of Female Perpetrators of Severe Violence 2019 In: 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry. August 20-22, Gothenburg, Sweden. Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract Female offenders without a severe mental disorder show more criminogenic factors than those with. Both groups are characterized by mental health problems. We need to further characterize female offenders. Background Offenders of lethal/severe violence are in a majority of cases male, about 90% (Falk et al., 2014), and research has to a considerable extent focused on male violent offenders. Although less is known about female violent offenders than male offenders, previous research has indicated significant differences between male and female offenders of lethal/severe violence (Trägårdh et al., 2016; Yourstone et al., 2008). Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation (RPU/FPI), these documents contains important information about this group. Purpose The aim of this ongoing study is to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes, and to compare female perpetrators sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment. Method This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. All forensic evaluations (FPI) made in Sweden between 2000-2014 (from The National Board of Forensic Medicine/RMV), and the subsequent court verdicts, in cases where women had used lethal/severe violence (n≈180) where used as the basis for data collection in this study. The present preliminary analyses (2-tests and ANOVA) contains approx. 26% (n=47) of the total group. Group differences were investigated regarding: Mental health (FPI) Risk factors (HCR-20 and PCL-R) Victim relation (FPI) Criminal behavior (FPI) Results Female offenders with and without a Severe mental disorder (SMD) seems to differ in some respects. For female offenders with a SMD, the crime was more likely to have been conducted in a less criminal context (see Table). For female offenders without a SMD, the following characteristics were more frequently present: Victim gender – male Substance abuse + Under the influence of substance (offender and victim) Previous violence between victim and offender Previous registered criminality Also, several common features between the SMD and non-SMD group of female offenders were found. The majority of all female offenders had: Previous psychiatric contact and diagnoses Previously attempted suicide No previously registered criminality Conclusions Preliminary results of the female perpetrators who had underwent a FPI seems to identify both substantial differences and similarities between those with versus without a SMD, where those without show more criminogenic factors. Both groups were also characterized by a high amount of mental illness. Also, these results supports previous research that female and male offenders of severe violence differ in important ways. Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation, these results should be generalizable to this group as a whole in Sweden. Based on these results, a great need to further characterize female offenders of severe/lethal violence remain.
42.	Sidstedt, Maja, et al. (author) Ultrasensitive sequencing of STR markers utilizing unique molecular identifiers and the SiMSen-Seq method 2024 In: Forensic Science International: Genetics. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 71 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly applied in forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The presence of stutter artefacts and other PCR or sequencing errors in the MPS-STR data partly limits the detection of low DNA amounts, e.g., in complex mixtures. Unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) have been applied in several scientific fields to reduce noise in sequencing. UMIs consist of a stretch of random nucleotides, a unique barcode for each starting DNA molecule, that is incorporated in the DNA template using either ligation or PCR. The barcode is used to generate consensus reads, thus removing errors. The SiMSen-Seq (Simple, multiplexed, PCR-based barcoding of DNA for sensitive mutation detection using sequencing) method relies on PCR-based introduction of UMIs and includes a sophisticated hairpin design to reduce unspecific primer binding as well as PCR protocol adjustments to further optimize the reaction. In this study, SiMSen-Seq is applied to develop a proof-of-concept seven STR multiplex for MPS library preparation and an associated bioinformatics pipeline. Additionally, machine learning (ML) models were evaluated to further improve UMI allele calling. Overall, the seven STR multiplex resulted in complete detection and concordant alleles for 47 single-source samples at 1 ng input DNA as well as for low-template samples at 62.5 pg input DNA. For twelve challenging mixtures with minor contributions of 10 pg to 150 pg and ratios of 1–15% relative to the major donor, 99.2% of the expected alleles were detected by applying the UMIs in combination with an ML filter. The main impact of UMIs was a substantially lowered number of artefacts as well as reduced stutter ratios, which were generally below 5% of the parental allele. In conclusion, UMI-based STR sequencing opens new means for improved analysis of challenging crime scene samples including complex mixtures.
43.	Antona-Makoshi, Jacobo, et al. (author) Accident analysis to support the development of strategies for the prevention of brain injuries in car crashes 2018 In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 117, s. 98-105 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract This study estimated the frequency and risk of Moderate-to-Maximal traumatic brain injuries sustained by occupants in motor vehicle crashes in the US. National Automotive Sampling System - Crashworthiness Data System crashes that occurred in years 2001–2015 with light vehicles produced 2001 or later were incorporated in the study. Crash type, crash severity, car model year, belt usage and occupant age and sex were controlled for in the analysis. The results showed that Moderate concussions account for 79% of all MAIS brain 2+ injuries. Belted occupants were at lower risks than unbelted occupants for most brain injury categories, including concussions. After controlling for the effects of age and crash severity, belted female occupants involved in frontal crashes were estimated to be 1.5 times more likely to sustain a concussion than male occupants in similar conditions. Belted elderly occupants were found to be at 10.5 and 8 times higher risks for sub-dural haemorrhages than non-elderly belted occupants in frontal and side crashes, respectively. Adopted occupant protection strategies appear to be insufficient to achieve significant decreases in risk of both life-threatening brain injuries and concussions for all car occupants. Further effort to develop occupant and injury specific strategies for the prevention of brain injuries are needed. This study suggests that these strategies may consider prioritization of life-threatening brain vasculature injuries, particularly in elderly occupants, and concussion injuries, particularly in female occupants.
44.	Zuev, Sergey, 1962, et al. (author) Does the death postponement phenomenon really exist? 2020 In: SMTDA 2020 - Proceedings. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract It is a common belief that people close to death from natural causes can postpone their imminent death if they see a strong reason to survive a bit longer. This is known as the Postponement hypothesis: that a meaningful occasion can act as a motivator to prolong life for a short amount of time. A few studies have already addressed this hypothesis but their conclusions are contradictory. To check the postponement hypothesis, we analysed almost 249 thousand cases in the dataset for South African people who died in the year 2015. We took a person’s birthday as the meaningful occasion and analyse the death rate around this date using statistical models offered by survival analysis. If the hypothesis is true, it can be expected that the mortality rate should be lower a period just before the birthday and, perhaps, higher shortly afterwards. The results of our analysis show that no postponement of death can be seen for the examined dataset. In fact, to the contrary, the data suggest that the mortality rate is higher both before and after the birthday. Speculations as to why this is the case might be a higher risk associated with the stress of expectations for the birthday as well as an earlier start of celebrations with associated departure from the recommended regime.
45.	Lindqvist, Gunnar, et al. (author) How Privacy Concerns Impact Swedish Citizens’ Willingness to Report Crimes 2022 In: Human Aspects of Information Security and Assurance. - Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland AG. - 9783031121715 - 9783031121722 ; , s. 209-217 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract In today’s information technology-driven world, most criminal acts leave digital evidence. In such cases, cooperation through the handover of digital devices such as mobile phones from victims is a success factor that enables evidence-seeking through digital forensics. Unfortunately, forensic examinations of devices can become an additional negative consequence due to privacy invasion. Privacy invasion can make crime victims less cooperative and less willing to report crimes. To address this problem, we surveyed 400 Swedish adults to identify their hypothetical willingness to report certain crimes. The survey examined the impact a mobile phone handover made on the willingness to report a crime. Our findings demonstrate that mobile phone handover resulted in a significantly lower willingness to report crimes. However, the data could not show privacy as a common tendency cause. The presented results can be used as a reference for further research on attitudes and behaviours regarding the subject.
46.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (author) Hate Crime, Mental Disorder and Criminal Responsibility 2013 In: 33rd International Congress of Law and Mental Health, Amsterdam, July 14-19, 2013. Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract Hate crimes are ordinary crimes committed in connection with a negatively prejudiced, biased, disparaging, or antagonistic attitude towards the victim in terms of perceived membership of a social group. Some hate crimes are elaborate political acts of terror or elaborate persecution, some are so-called “hate speech”, but the overwhelming majority are instances of mundane criminality, involving everything from murder to theft and harassment. Hate crime policies rest on the idea that the bias or “hate” feature make such crimes worse, and that offenders for this reason should be held more firmly responsible. At the same time, the attitude of making a crime into a hate crime involves more or less distorted ideas about reality, together with a willingness to transgress social norms on that basis. In some cases, these views amount to major delusions, resistant to rational scrutiny. In other cases, we may move closer to a point where the belief-desire cluster can be seen as ordinary negligence. Thus, many hate crimes have features that may be argued acting to diminish responsibility according to standard ideas in the philosophy of punishment. The presentation maps underlying value conflicts, tensions, and incoherence in legal practice connected to this complexity of criminal law.
47.	Sguazzi, Guilia, et al. (author) Microbial DNA in human nucleic acid extracts : Recoverability of the microbiome in DNA extracts stored frozen long-term and its potential and ethical implications for forensic investigation 2022 In: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 59, s. 1-12 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Human DNA samples can remain unaltered for years and preserve important genetic information for forensic investigations. In fact, besides human genetic information, these extracts potentially contain additional valuable information: microbiome signatures. Forensic microbiology is rapidly becoming a significant tool for estimating post-mortem interval (PMI), and establishing cause of death and personal identity. To date, the possibility to recover unaltered microbiome signatures from human DNA extracts has not been proven. This study examines the microbiome signatures within human DNA extracts obtained from six cadavers with different PMIs, which were stored frozen for 5–16 years. Results demonstrated that the microbiome can be co-extracted with human DNA using forensic kits designed to extract the human host’s DNA from different tissues and fluids during decomposition. We compared the microbial communities identified in these samples with microbial DNA recovered from two human cadavers donated to the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State University (FACTS) during multiple decomposition stages, to examine whether the microbial signatures recovered from “old” (up to 16 years) extracts are consistent with those identified in recently extracted microbial DNA samples. The V4 region of 16 S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq for all DNA extracts. The results obtained from the human DNA extracts were compared with each other and with the microbial DNA from the FACTS samples. Overall, we found that the presence of specific microbial taxa depends on the decomposition stage, the type of tissue, and the depositional environment. We found no indications of contamination in the microbial signatures, or any alterations attributable to the long-term frozen storage of the extracts, demonstrating that older human DNA extracts are a reliable source of such microbial signatures. No shared Core Microbiome (CM) was identified amongst the total 18 samples, but we identified certain species in association with the different decomposition stages, offering potential for the use of microbial signatures co-extracted with human DNA samples for PMI estimation in future. Unveiling the new significance of older human DNA extracts brings with it important ethical-legal considerations. Currently, there are no shared legal frameworks governing the long-term storage and use of human DNA extracts obtained from crime scene evidence for additional research purposes. It is therefore important to create common protocols on the storage of biological material collected at crime scenes. We review existing legislation and guidelines, and identify some important limitations for the further development and application of forensic microbiomics.
48.	Sturk-Andreaggi, Kimberly (author) Mitochondrial Genome Analysis Using Next Generation Sequencing for Forensic Applications 2022 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis plays a specialized role in forensic applications, overcoming certain limitations of autosomal DNA markers. The high copy number and uniparental inheritance pattern of mtDNA are advantageous in cases involving shed hairs and aged skeletal elements, especially decades-old missing persons cases. Though the discriminatory power of mtDNA is limited by common haplotypes, next generation sequencing (NGS) offers feasible access to entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data that can provide increased resolution of common haplotypes to unique sequences. The primary implementation challenge of mitogenome analysis is a lack of forensic-quality reference data, which are required to determine the evidentiary weight of a match. A better understanding of NGS methods and data analysis is also necessary to ensure the generation of reliable mitogenome data. Furthermore, appropriate quality control (QC) measures must be established as analysis can be complicated by nuclear mtDNA segments (NUMTs), misalignment of homopolymer regions, sequencing errors, and other artefacts. Including such false variants in mtDNA haplotypes can lead to erroneous conclusions based on misinterpreted data.This thesis aimed to address the implementation challenges of mitogenome analysis and facilitate the transition to NGS in forensic laboratories. Paper I assessed the feasibility of generating forensic-quality mitogenome data from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, which are valuable sources of mitogenome haplotypes for population studies. Due to NUMT interference, a 10% variant frequency threshold was necessary to produce haplotypes consistent with high-quality mitogenome datasets. Since length heteroplasmy (LHP) can also complicate mtDNA data analysis, Paper II characterized LHP in data generated on two NGS platforms as well as with Sanger-type sequencing. Different patterns of LHP were observed across sequencing technologies, further supporting current guidelines to ignore LHP in database searches and match comparisons in forensic analyses. Phylogenetic information can provide a valuable QC check of mtDNA data, identifying errors like artificial recombination and phantom mutations. Therefore, three haplogrouping tools were examined in Paper III, comparing their ability to predict an accurate haplogroup based on different mitogenome target ranges. The tools performed similarly, but EMPOP’s SAM2 algorithm produced more precise haplogroup predictions than the other two tools regardless of phylogeny or interpretation range. Building upon the previous three studies, Paper IV characterized 934 forensic-quality Swedish mitogenomes from a population genetics perspective. The complete mitogenome data demonstrated high haplotype diversity (0.9996) with a random match probability of 0.15%. In summary, these papers combine important insights to facilitate the application of mitogenome NGS analysis in forensic laboratories.
49.	Widén, Anna, et al. (author) Nutrient balancing or spring flush – What determines spruce bark stripping level by red deer? 2022 In: Forest Ecology and Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 520 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The distribution and population density of red deer (Cervus elaphus) are increasing in several regions of Europe. The deer may cause severe damage in commercial forestry and agriculture. Bark stripping is the main problem in forests, especially on Norway spruce (Picea abies), and is thought to mostly occur during winter when other forage is scarce. It has been suggested that an imbalance in the nutrient intake, and especially a diet including high amounts of easily-digestible macronutrients, such as agricultural crops, can lead to an increased urge to consume bark. Feeding on brassicas, for example rapeseed (Brassica napus) might have this effect. The aim with this study was to investigate the relationship between intake of rapeseed and bark stripping on Norway spruce by red deer during early spring. We did this by a controlled feeding experiment with four groups of captive red deer in southern Sweden. All groups were given spruce logs every week, while only two groups had access to freshly harvested rapeseed plants. In addition, influence of air temperature and forage nutritional composition was taken into account. Our results show that red deer bark stripping can be considerable not only during winter but also during spring green-up. We found no significant influence of rapeseed on bark stripping performed by the deer. However, at a threshold temperature, deer suddenly started to ingest large amounts of bark biomass, coinciding with a significant change in the bark's concentration of starch. We suggest that the lack of effect of rapeseed feeding can partly be explained by overshadowing effects caused by such seasonal changes of bark characteristics, and partly by the fact that the rapeseed plants in our study contained lower than expected concentrations of easily-digestible macronutrients (apart from protein). We conclude that the risk of damage on spruce can be especially high during certain periods, something that is important to consider when mitigating bark stripping. However, several interactive effects are involved and must be considered in order to more efficiently mitigate damage. © 2022 The Author(s)
50.	Bäckstrom, Björn, et al. (author) Injury-Related Healthcare Use and Risk of Filicide Victimization : A Population-Based Case-Control Study 2019 In: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 64:1, s. 166-170 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Research on child‐related risk factors for filicide is scant. We investigated whether prior healthcare use for injury (including poisoning) influences filicide risk. Victims (0–14 years; n = 71) were identified in a national autopsy database for the years 1994–2012 and compared to matched, general population controls (n = 355). Healthcare use data were retrieved from a national patient registry. Risks were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For females, prior inpatient care for injury conferred a statistically significant sevenfold risk (OR = 6.67 [95% CI: 1.49–29.79]), and any prior injury‐related healthcare use conferred a statistically significant fourfold risk (OR = 3.57 [95% CI: 1.13–11.25]), of filicide victimization. No statistically significant risks were found for males. Healthcare personnel should be aware that children treated for injuries, especially females, may be at an elevated risk of filicide victimization. Nevertheless, the filicide base rate remains low, and parents may be stigmatized by unfounded alerts; thus, prudent reflection should precede reports to the authorities.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Permalink

Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES Other Medical and Health Sciences Forensic Science) "

Refine your search

Year