| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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Challenges for Empirical Study of Patient Autonomy, Self-determination and Co-Decision Making
- 2012
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In: Thinking Ahead: Bioethics for the Future, the Future of Bioethics – Challenges, Changes, Concepts. 11th World Congress of the International Association of Bioethics. Rotterdam, June 26-29, 2012.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Empirical study of patient autonomy, self-determination and co-decision making is growing rapidly. Not only bioethicists are engaged, but also researchers in care science and health organisation as well as general clinical practice research. The interest follows the impact of ideas of autonomy being central for not only ethics, but also general care quality. Recent trends of person centered care, clinician-patient partnership, shared decision making, etcetera, further fuel the development. Initially, bioethicists focused on the implementation of informed consent in particular settings (e.g. clinical research or prenatal diagnosis). Today's scope is much wider regarding both areas and autonomy-related aspects targeted; encompassing all sorts of patient-clinician interaction. However, much of this expanding research focus suffers from serious flaws. Articles claiming to present results about patient autonomy on closer inspection apply methods unfit to detect anything that determines the extent of autonomy or self-determination according to standard concepts in normative theory. Common mistakes are to characterise autonomy as an experiental notion, or conflate it with things thought to be conducive to autonomy. Since empirical bioethics is a rapidly growing field with potential for furthering the policy and public impact of normative bioethics research, the task of clearing out such problems is rather acute, not least since the field will soon face the challenge of producing meta-analyses. Two strategies for overcoming these fundamental problems with regard to autonomy-oriented empirical bioethics are presented. One uses indicators possible to indirectly link to autonomy using conceptual analysis. Another aims for measuring components of autonomy directly. Both strategies require that normative bioethicists take on the task of producing valid operationalisations on the basis of normative ideals. Issues regarding validity, reliability, quantifiability and proper detection instruments are also addressed. Ashcroft RE (2003). Constructing empirical bioethics: Foucauldian reflections on the empirical turn in bioethics research. Health Care Analysis, 11: 3-13. Dunn M et al (2009). Methodology, epistemology and empirical bioethics research: A constructive/ist commentary, American Journal of Bioethics, 9: 93-95. Kon AA (2009). The role of empirical research in bioethics. American Journal of Bioethics, 9: 59-65. Munthe C et al (2011). Person Centred Care and Shared Decision Making: Implications for Ethics, Public Health and Research. Health Care Analysis, 19, online first, DOI: 10.1007/s10728-011-0183-y Strech D et al (2011). Systematic Reviews of Empirical Bioethics. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34: 472-477
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| 3. |
- Falk Delgado, Alberto, et al.
(author)
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Melanoma Sentinel-Node Metastasis.
- 2017
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In: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:9, s. 891-892
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 4. |
- Palmisano, Sadie, et al.
(author)
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Role of tobacco use in the etiology of acoustic neuroma.
- 2012
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In: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 175:12, s. 1243-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Two previous studies suggest that cigarette smoking reduces acoustic neuroma risk; however, an association between use of snuff tobacco and acoustic neuroma has not been investigated previously. The authors conducted a case-control study in Sweden from 2002 to 2007, in which 451 cases and 710 population-based controls completed questionnaires. Cases and controls were matched on gender, region, and age within 5 years. The authors estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression analyses, adjusted for education and tobacco use (snuff use in the smoking analysis and smoking in the snuff analysis). The risk of acoustic neuroma was greatly reduced in male current smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23, 0.74) and moderately reduced in female current smokers (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.40, 1.23). In contrast, current snuff use among males was not associated with risk of acoustic neuroma (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.55). The authors' findings are consistent with previous reports of lower acoustic neuroma risk among current cigarette smokers than among never smokers. The absence of an association between snuff use and acoustic neuroma suggests that some constituent of tobacco smoke other than nicotine may confer protection against acoustic neuroma.
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| 5. |
- Mamidala, Saketh, Ram, et al.
(author)
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High-density logic-in-memory devices using vertical indium arsenide nanowires on silicon
- 2021
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In: Nature Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-1131. ; , s. 914-914
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In-memory computing can be used to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck—the need to shuffle data between separate memory and computational units—and help improve computing performance. Co-integrated vertical transistor selectors (1T) and resistive memory elements (1R) in a 1T1R configuration offer advantages of scalability, speed and energy efficiency in current mass storage applications, and such 1T1R cells could also be potentially used for in-memory computation architectures. Here we show that a vertical transistor and resistive memory can be integrated onto a single vertical indium arsenide nanowire on silicon. The approach relies on an interface between the III–V semiconductor nanowire and a high-κ dielectric (hafnium oxide), which provides an oxide layer that can operate either as a vertical transistor selector or a high-performance resistive memory. The resulting 1T1R cells allow Boolean logic operations to be implemented in a single vertical nanowire with a minimal area footprint
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bin Aziz, Amir, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Octane Number and Injection Timing on Autoignition Behaviour of Gasoline and PRF in PPC
- 2019
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In: 2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants. - 2688-3627 .- 0148-7191. ; :2019-01-2167
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of the advanced combustion concepts that is being actively investigated. A joint experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to explore the effects of octane number and injection timing on the autoignition behaviour with primary reference fuel (PRF) and gasoline fuels under PPC mode in a light-duty DICI engine. In this study, the start of injection (SOI) was selected as the main variable to describe the auto-ignition behaviour of a different fuel. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in autoignition behaviour and combustion characteristics between early and late injection timing. Based on the experimental and numerical results, three difference regimes were defined namely; transition, early SOI PPC and late SOI PPC.
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| 9. |
- Jing, Li, et al.
(author)
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In-situ AFM and EIS study of a solventborne alkyd coating with nanoclay for corrosion protection of carbon steel
- 2015
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In: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 87, s. 179-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A solventborne alkyd composite coating containing modified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay was made on carbon steel, and its corrosion protection was investigated by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in 3 wt.% NaCl solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated intercalation of the MMT sheets in the composite coating. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated improved thermal stability of the composite coating due to the modified nanoclay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM examination revealed dispersion and also some aggregation of the nanoclay particles in the coating. In-situ AFM images show a stable coating surface at nano-scale during relative long time exposure in the NaCl solution, indicating an enhanced stability of the composite coating. The EIS results confirmed that the composite coating provides an enhanced barrier type corrosion protection for carbon steel in the corrosive solution, which could be attributed to the intercalated lamellar MMT sheets in the coating that block the defects and decrease the transport of water and corrosive species.
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| 10. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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Debatt/improvisationsmusik
- 2007
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In: Sound of Music. ; :8
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 11. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(author)
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The Goals of Public Health: An Integrated, Multidimensional Model
- 2008
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In: Public Health Ethics. ; 1:1, s. 39-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While promoting population health has been the classic goal of public health practice and policy, in recent decades, new objectives in terms of autonomy and equality have been introduced. These different goals are analysed, and it is demonstrated how they may conflict severly in several ways, leaving serious unclarities both regarding the normative issue of what goal should be pursued by public health, what that implies in practical terms, and the descriptive issue of what goal that actually is pursued in different contexts. A basic conflict of perspective is handled by integrating the ideas of public health striving for health-related autonomy and equality, resulting in a prioritarian oriented population approach to health-related autonomy. This integrated goal is demonstrated to constrain itself in several ways attractive from the point of view of the classic goal, but several serious problems remain. For this reason, a model where all of the three goals are integrated into one coherent structure where they can be assigned varying degrees of importance relative to the level of population health is described. It is argued that this model avoids the problems set out earlier, and is actually normatively preferable to the classic goal alone. It is furthermore argued that the model may be employed as a useful tool for descriptive ethics, as well as a vehicle for international harmonisation of public health policies. A number of practical implications regarding, e.g., the importance of respecting autonomy and the allocation of public health resources are noted, as are a battery of questions for further research.
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| 12. |
- Sengpiel, Verena, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with birth weight but not with gestational length: results from a large prospective observational cohort study.
- 2013
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In: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pregnant women consume caffeine daily. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal caffeine intake from different sources and (a) gestational length, particularly the risk for spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD), and (b) birth weight (BW) and the baby being small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS: This study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. A total of 59,123 women with uncomplicated pregnancies giving birth to a live singleton were identified. Caffeine intake from different sources was self-reported at gestational weeks 17, 22 and 30. Spontaneous PTD was defined as spontaneous onset of delivery between 22+0 and 36+6 weeks (n = 1,451). As there is no consensus, SGA was defined according to ultrasound-based (Marsal, n = 856), population-based (Skjaerven, n = 4,503) and customized (Gardosi, n = 4,733) growth curves. RESULTS: The main caffeine source was coffee, but tea and chocolate were the main sources in women with low caffeine intake. Median pre-pregnancy caffeine intake was 126 mg/day (IQR 40 to 254), 44 mg/day (13 to 104) at gestational week 17 and 62 mg/day (21 to 130) at gestational week 30. Coffee caffeine, but not caffeine from other sources, was associated with prolonged gestation (8 h/100 mg/day, P <10-7). Neither total nor coffee caffeine was associated with spontaneous PTD risk. Caffeine intake from different sources, measured repeatedly during pregnancy, was associated with lower BW (Marsal -28 g, Skjaerven -25 g, Gardosi -21 g per 100 mg/day additional total caffeine for a baby with expected BW 3,600 g, P <10-25). Caffeine intake of 200 to 300 mg/day increased the odds for SGA (OR Marsal 1.62, Skjaerven 1.44, Gardosi 1.27, P <0.05), compared to 0 to 50 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: Coffee, but not caffeine, consumption was associated with marginally increased gestational length but not with spontaneous PTD risk. Caffeine intake was consistently associated with decreased BW and increased odds of SGA. The association was strengthened by concordant results for caffeine sources, time of survey and different SGA definitions. This might have clinical implications as even caffeine consumption below the recommended maximum (200 mg/day in the Nordic countries and USA, 300 mg/day according to the World Health Organization (WHO)) was associated with increased risk for SGA.
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| 13. |
- Wang, W. W., et al.
(author)
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Phenomenological description of the nonlocal magnetization relaxation in magnonics, spintronics, and domain-wall dynamics
- 2015
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In: Physical Review B. - 1098-0121. ; 92:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A phenomenological equation called the Landau-Lifshitz-Baryakhtar (LLBar) [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 87, 1501 (1984) [Sov. Phys. JETP 60, 863 (1984)]] equation, which could be viewed as the combination of the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation and an extra "exchange-damping" term, was derived by Baryakhtar using Onsager's relations. We interpret the origin of this exchange damping as nonlocal damping by linking it to the spin current pumping. The LLBar equation is investigated numerically and analytically for the spin-wave decay and domain-wall motion. Our results show that the lifetime and propagation length of short-wavelength magnons in the presence of nonlocal damping could be much smaller than those given by the LL equation. Furthermore, we find that both the domain-wall mobility and the Walker breakdown field are strongly influenced by the nonlocal damping.
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| 14. |
- Almstedt, Elin, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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Integrative discovery of treatments for high-risk neuroblastoma
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite advances in the molecular exploration of paediatric cancers, approximately 50% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma lack effective treatment. To identify therapeutic options for this group of high-risk patients, we combine predictive data mining with experimental evaluation in patient-derived xenograft cells. Our proposed algorithm, TargetTranslator, integrates data from tumour biobanks, pharmacological databases, and cellular networks to predict how targeted interventions affect mRNA signatures associated with high patient risk or disease processes. We find more than 80 targets to be associated with neuroblastoma risk and differentiation signatures. Selected targets are evaluated in cell lines derived from high-risk patients to demonstrate reversal of risk signatures and malignant phenotypes. Using neuroblastoma xenograft models, we establish CNR2 and MAPK8 as promising candidates for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. We expect that our method, available as a public tool (targettranslator.org), will enhance and expedite the discovery of risk-associated targets for paediatric and adult cancers.
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| 15. |
- Bakhtyar, Shoaib
(author)
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On the Synergies Between an Electronic Waybill and Intelligent Transport Systems Services
- 2013
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate potential synergies between an electronic waybill (e-Waybill) and other Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services. An e-Waybill service, as presented in this thesis, should be able to perform the functions of a paper waybill (which is an important transport document and contains essential information about a consignment) and it should contain at least the information specified in a paper waybill. To investigate synergies between the e-Waybill solutions and ITS services, we present 5 conceptual e-Waybill solutions that differ in where the e-Waybill information is stored, read, and written. These solutions are further investigated for functional and technical requirements (non-functional requirements), which can potentially impose constraints on a potential system that should implement the e-Waybill service. A set of 20 ITS services are considered for synergy analysis in this thesis. These services are mainly for road transport, however most of them are relevant to be considered for utilization in other modes of transport as well. For information synergy analysis, the e-Waybill solutions are assessed based on their synergies with ITS services. For different ITS services, the required input information entities are identified; and if at least one information entity can be provided by an e-Waybill at the right location we regard it to be a synergy. The result from our synergy analysis may support the choice of practical e-Waybill systems, which has the possibility to provide high synergy with ITS services. This may lead to a higher utilization of ITS services and more sustainable transport, e.g., in terms of reduced congestion and emissions. Additionally, a service design method has been proposed for supporting the process of designing new ITS services, which primarily utilizes on functional synergies with already existing ITS services. In order to illustrate the usage of the suggested method, we have applied it for designing a new ITS service, i.e., the Liability Intelligent Transport System (LITS) service. The purpose of the LITS service is to support the process of identifying when, where, and by whom a consignment has been damaged and who was responsible when the consignment was damaged.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fontenelle, LF, et al.
(author)
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A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study
- 2020
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In: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1440-1614 .- 0004-8674. ; 54:7, s. 719-731
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.Methods:Based on a modified Delphi method, 46 experts were recruited from Australia, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Over three rounds, experts had the opportunity to review their opinion in light of feedback from the previous round, which included how their response compared to other experts and a summary of comments given.Results:Thirty-four experts completed round one, of whom 28 (82%) completed round two and 24 (71%) completed round three. At the final round, four constructs were endorsed by ⩾75% of experts as ‘primary constructs’ and therefore central to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Of these constructs, one came from the Positive Valence System (Habit), two from the Cognitive Control System (Response Selection/Inhibition and Performance Monitoring) and the final construct was an additional item suggested by experts (Compulsivity).Conclusion:This study identified four Research Domain Criteria constructs that, according to experts, cut across different obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. These constructs represent key areas for future investigation, and may have potential implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnostic processes and therapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
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| 19. |
- Bauwens, Maite, et al.
(author)
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Recent past (1979-2014) and future (2070-2099) isoprene fluxes over Europe simulated with the MEGAN-MOHYCAN model
- 2018
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In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 15:12, s. 3673-3690
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound emitted by vegetation, known to be a precursor of secondary organic aerosols and to enhance tropospheric ozone formation under polluted conditions. Isoprene emissions respond strongly to changes in meteorological parameters such as temperature and solar radiation. In addition, the increasing CO2 concentration has a dual effect, as it causes both a direct emission inhibition as well as an increase in biomass through fertilization. In this study we used the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) emission model coupled with the MOHYCAN (Model of HYdrocarbon emissions by the CANopy) canopy model to calculate the isoprene fluxes emitted by vegetation in the recent past (1979-2014) and in the future (2070-2099) over Europe at a resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. As a result of the changing climate, modeled isoprene fluxes increased by 1.1%yr-1 on average in Europe over 1979-2014, with the strongest trends found over eastern Europe and European Russia, whereas accounting for the CO2 inhibition effect led to reduced emission trends (0.76%yr-1). Comparisons with field campaign measurements at seven European sites suggest that the MEGAN-MOHYCAN model provides a reliable representation of the temporal variability of the isoprene fluxes over timescales between 1h and several months. For the 1979-2014 period the model was driven by the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis fields, whereas for the comparison of current with projected future emissions, we used meteorology simulated with the ALARO regional climate model. Depending on the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios for greenhouse gas concentration trajectories driving the climate projections, isoprene emissions were found to increase by +7% (RCP2.6), +33% (RCP4.5), and +83% (RCP8.5), compared to the control simulation, and even stronger increases were found when considering the potential impact of CO2 fertilization: +15% (RCP2.6), +52% (RCP4.5), and +141% (RCP8.5). However, the inhibitory CO2 effect goes a long way towards canceling these increases. Based on two distinct parameterizations, representing strong or moderate inhibition, the projected emissions accounting for all effects were estimated to be 0-17% (strong inhibition) and 11-65% (moderate inhibition) higher than in the control simulation. The difference obtained using the two CO2 parameterizations underscores the large uncertainty associated to this effect.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(author)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies andimmune cell profiling, complementedwith gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Visser, T. D., et al.
(author)
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Phase-space inequality for partially coherent optical beams
- 2001
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In: Optics Communications. - 0030-4018 .- 1873-0310. ; 187:03-jan, s. 1-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A phase-space inequality is derived for beams of arbitrary state of spatial coherence. It applies to the product of a factor which expresses the effective coherence area of the source that generates the beam and the effective angular spread of the beam; and, by analogy with coherent beams, it may be regarded as a measure of the beam quality. It is found that the factor attains a minimum for the entire class of Gaussian Schell-model beams (which include the Hermite Gaussian laser mode).
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Mahade, Satyapal, 1987-, et al.
(author)
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Investigating Load-dependent Wear Behavior and Degradation Mechanisms in Cr3C2-NiCr coatings deposited by HVAF and HVOF
- 2021
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In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854. ; 15, s. 4595-4609
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wear resistant coatings that comply with non-toxic environment goals are highly desirable. Cr3C2-NiCr is a promising alternative to the toxic, ‘Co’- containing WC-Co coatings to mitigate wear. The purpose of this study was to examine the suitability of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings for automotive brake disc application by systematically investigating their dry sliding wear behavior at different test conditions. Therefore, High Velocity Air Fuel (HVAF) and High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) were employed to deposit Cr3C2-NiCr coatings. The powder feedstock and as-deposited Cr3C2-NiCr coatings were characterized for their microstructure and phase composition using SEM and XRD. Mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness), porosity and surface topography of the as-deposited coatings were evaluated. The coatings were subjected to sliding wear tests at different normal loads (5 N, 10 N and 15 N) using alumina ball as the counter surface. Coefficient of friction (CoF) evolution of HVAF and HVOF deposited coatings, along with their wear performance, was obtained for different normal load conditions. The wear performance ranking of HVAF and HVOF processed coatings was influenced by the test conditions, with HVAF coatings demonstrating better wear resistance than HVOF coatings at harsh test conditions and the HVOF coatings performing better under mild wear test conditions. Detailed post-wear analysis of worn coatings, the alumina ball counter-body and the resulting debris was performed to reveal the degradation mechanisms at different test conditions. Findings from this work provide new insights into the desirable microstructural features to mitigate wear, which can be further exploited to deposit wear-resistant coatings.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Orrenius, U., et al.
(author)
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Sound transmission through a high-speed train roof
- 2011
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In: 18th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2011, ICSV 2011. - 9781618392596 ; , s. 2392-2399
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low internal noise in train carriages is of great importance to the comfort of the passengers, and accordingly also for train manufacturers and operators who want to keep a comfort advantage in relation to other means of transportation. With increased speed the aerodynamic noise becomes an important contributor. Here a train roof section is studied containing a recess where a pantograph is mounted. Significant excitation is present both from aerodynamic forces directly acting on the roof as well as forces transmitted via the pantograph structure and the power input to the compartment is studied for speeds up to 350 km/h. The train roof was modeled using a hybrid FE-SEA approach with input excitation data from transient and compressible CFD calculations as well as from measured structural forces from a full scale wind tunnel test. For reference, turbulent boundary layer (TBL) excitation was studied using a Corcos model. For the transmission model the outer roof structure is described by FE whereas the interior parts are represented by statistical subsystems. Experimental validation of the approach was made on an existing train. The result indicates that for the configuration and sources analysed the contributions to the interior noise from all three sources analysed are significant. Ranking of transmission paths into the train interior and perspectives for application of such models for parametric studies of design parameters are discussed.
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| 31. |
- Orozco Collazos, Luz Elena, et al.
(author)
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Women ownership as a form of leadership : The role of context in understanding its effects on financial performance
- 2024
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In: BRQ Business Research Quarterly. - : Sage Publications. - 2340-9436 .- 2340-9444. ; 27:1, s. 57-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Researchers have acknowledged that women leadership plays an important role in the success of organizations. However, the effects of women leadership on the financial performance of firms are mixed results. This article focuses on women ownership (i.e., critical mass and ownership percentage) as a form of leadership and family ownership as two boundary conditions that help us understand when small and medium enterprises (SMEs) benefit from women leadership. We argue that for women leadership to impact the financial performance of SMEs, women need to have a critical mass to influence outcomes and have power through ownership to influence decisions. We also argue that the effects of these relationships are affected by the context of ownership. These ideas are tested with a sample of 10,696 private SMEs from the country of Colombia. Results indicate that the women leadership enhances SME financial performance through both critical mass and a larger percentage of women ownership. However, family ownership negatively moderates the relationship between percentage of women ownership and SME financial performance. Implications of these results are discussed.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Berglund, Erik
(author)
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Writing for Adaptable Documentation
- 2000
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In: Proceedings of IPCC/SIGDOC 2000, September 24 – 27, Cambridge, Massachusetts. - : IEEE. - 0780364317 ; , s. 497-508
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The rapid development of reusable software components results in an information overload problem in the development process. Software developers must read large amounts of documentation. Adaptive documentation is one way to address this problem and support efficient reading. However, in our view, adaptive documentation requires a writing process that delivers the pedagogical strategies for adaptivity. The article takes a stance in a project on adaptive software reference documentation and discusses the requirements on writing. It also discusses writing trends and Web languages in relation to adaptivity. It is concluded that describing change in documentation is not supported on an authoring level but rather on a programming level
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| 35. |
- Stender, H, et al.
(author)
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Fluorescence In situ hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterium species in smears of mycobacterium cultures
- 1999
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In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 37:9, s. 2760-2765
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- TB PNA FISH is a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for differentiation between species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in acid-fast bacillus-positive (AFB+) cultures is described. The test is based on fluorescein-labelled PNA probes that target the rRNA of MTC or NTM species applied to smears of AFB+ cultures for microscopic examination. Parallel testing with the two probes serves as an internal control for each sample such that a valid test result is based on one positive and one negative reaction. TB PNA FISH was evaluated with 30 AFB+ cultures from Denmark and 42 AFB+ cultures from Thailand. The MTC-specific PNA probe showed diagnostic sensitivities of 84 and 97%, respectively, and a diagnostic specificity of 100% in both studies, whereas the NTM-specific PNA probe showed diagnostic sensitivities of 91 and 64%, respectively, and a diagnostic specificity of 100% in both studies. The low sensitivity of the NTM-specific PNA probe in the Thai study was due to a relatively high prevalence of Mycobacterium fortuitum, which is not identified by the probe. In total, 63 (87%) of the cultures were correctly identified as MTC (n = 46) or NTM (n = 17), whereas the remaining 9 were negative with both probes and thus the results were inconclusive. None of the samples were incorrectly identified as MTC or NTM; thus, the predictive value of a valid test result obtained with TB PNA FISH was 100%.
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| 36. |
- Memar, Noushan, et al.
(author)
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What Happens when Subsidiaries Go through a Change? Impact of Gaining an R&D Mandate on Subsidiary Managers’ Activities and Subsidiary Innovation
- 2022
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In: Megatrends in International Business. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030955274 ; , s. 159-181
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The disaggregation of value chains in multinational enterprises, particularly the dispersion of R&D activities to preferentially situated subsidiaries, has pushed forward the importance of research on subsidiary innovation capabilities. However, extant studies are mainly on a subsidiary level, and few consider the key individuals in the subsidiary and activities of subsidiary managers and their influence on subsidiary innovation. This study investigates how the exogenous change of gaining an R&D mandate affects subsidiary innovation via changes in subsidiary managers’ activities. A more pertinent understanding of subsidiary managers’ activities and their influence on increased innovation is helpful for subsidiary managers implementing an R&D mandate into their existing portfolio of activities and contribute to the MNE resilience during change and crises of the uncertain global order. We investigated 98 globally dispersed Swedish MNE subsidiaries. The results indicate that subsidiary managers’ activities aimed internally towards MNE actors hamper innovation, whereas the subsidiary managers’ activities towards the external MNE environment has an insignificant effect on the innovation of the subsidiary post gaining an R&D mandate. Further, the results show that the degree of the newness of the gained R&D mandate has no impact on the subsidiary managers’ innovation-enhancing activities.
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| 37. |
- Lammers, Rianne J. M., et al.
(author)
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"What should be next in lifelong posterior hypospadias: Conclusions from the 2023 ERN eUROGEN and EJP-RD networking meeting"
- 2024
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In: NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777.
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundA congenital disease is for life. Posterior hypospadias, the severe form of hypospadias with a penoscrotal, scrotal, or perineal meatus, is a challenging condition with a major impact on lifelong quality of life.AimOur network meeting is aimed to identify what is currently missing in the lifelong treatment of posterior hypospadias, to improve care, quality of life, and awareness for these patients.MethodsThe network meeting "Lifelong Posterior Hypospadias" in Utrecht, The Netherlands was granted by the European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases-Networking Support Scheme. There was a combination of interactive sessions (hackathons) and lectures. This paper can be regarded as the last phase of the hackathon.ResultsSurgery for hypospadias remains challenging and complications may occur until adulthood. Posterior hypospadias affects sexual function, fertility, and hormonal status. Transitional care from childhood into adulthood is currently insufficiently established. Patients should be more involved in defining desired treatment approach and outcome measures. For optimal outcome evaluation standardization of data collection and registration at European level is necessary. Tissue engineering may provide a solution to the shortage of healthy tissue in posterior hypospadias. For optimal results, cooperation between basic researchers from different centers, as well as involving clinicians and patients is necessary.ConclusionsTo improve outcomes for patients with posterior hypospadias, patient voices should be included and lifelong care by dedicated healthcare professionals guaranteed. Other requirements are joining forces at European level in uniform registration of outcome data and cooperation in basic research.
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| 38. |
- Sagitov, Serik, 1956
(author)
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Undergraduate statistical inference
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This text has grown from the lecture notes for the undergraduate course "Statistical Inference", given at the Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg. The course material was originally based on the second edition of the book "Mathematical statistics and data analysis" by John Rice. A great number of examples and exercises included in this compendium are borrowed from Rice’s textbook.
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| 39. |
- Lagerås, Andreas, 1981, et al.
(author)
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A note on the component structure in random intersection graphs with tunable clustering
- 2008
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In: Electronic Journal of Combinatorics. - 1077-8926 .- 1097-1440. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the component structure in random intersection graphs with tunable clustering, and show that the average degree works as a threshold for a phase transition for the size of the largest component. That is, if the expected degree is less than one, the size of the largest component is a.a.s. of logarithmic order, but if the average degree is greater than one, a.a.s. a single large component of linear order emerges, and the size of the second largest component is at most of logarithmic order.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Jansson, Robert
(author)
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Brandspjälkning av betong
- 2006
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In: Bygg&Teknik. ; :7, s. 53-55
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 42. |
- Huhtaniemi, R., et al.
(author)
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Adrenals Contribute to Growth of Castration-Resistant VCaP Prostate Cancer Xenografts
- 2018
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In: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9440. ; 188:12, s. 2890-2901
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of adrenal androgens as drivers for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) growth in humans is generally accepted; however, the value of preclinical mouse models of CRPC is debatable, because mouse adrenals do not produce steroids activating the androgen receptor. In this study, we confirmed the expression of enzymes essential for de novo synthesis of androgens in mouse adrenals, with high intratissue concentration of progesterone (P4) and moderate levels of androgens, such as androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone, in the adrenal glands of both intact and orchectomized (ORX) mice. ORX alone had no effect on serum P4 concentration, whereas orchectomized and adrenalectomized (ORX + ADX) resulted in a significant decrease in serum P4 and in a further reduction in the low levels of serum androgens (androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone), measured by mass spectrometry. In line with this, the serum prostate-specific antigen and growth of VCaP xenografts in mice after ORX + ADX were markedly reduced compared with ORX alone, and the growth difference was not abolished by a glucocorticoid treatment. Moreover, ORX + ADX altered the androgen-dependent gene expression in the tumors, similar to that recently shown for the enzalutamide treatment. These data indicate that in contrast to the current view, and similar to humans, mouse adrenals synthesize significant amounts of steroids that contribute to the androgen receptor–dependent growth of CRPC. © 2018 American Society for Investigative Pathology
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| 43. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Health care utilization among individuals who die by suicide as compared to the general population : a population-based register study in Sweden
- 2022
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In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Globally, 700 000 people die every year by suicide. Health care consultation patterns the period before suicide could be one potential way to identify people at risk for suicide. Therefore, this study examines health care patterns up to one year prior to the suicide by age, sex and prior diagnoses and specifically investigates if and how this differs from the general population of Skåne, Sweden.METHODS: This cohort study includes all individuals, aged 15 and older, that died by suicide in Region Skåne, Sweden from 2004 to 2015 (n = 1653). The individuals were identified through the Cause of death register and then linked to the Skåne healthcare register. Health care data was analyzed as proportions consulting different types of health care the month and year preceding the suicide, we also investigated the impact of age, sex and the occurrence of prior psychiatric and pain diagnoses. Additionally, we compared the proportion of consulting care among the suicide victims and the general population of Skåne.RESULTS: In the month before their death, 53% of the suicide victims had any health care consultation, compared with 20% in the general population of Skåne, a given month (p < 0.0001). The corresponding figures for the year prior to suicide was 86% among those who died by suicide, compared to 69% in the general population of Skåne, a given year (p < 0.0001). Women, and those having a documented history of psychiatric diagnosis were more likely to have health care consultations in the month and year preceding suicide (p < 0.001), compared to men and suicide victims without a history of psychiatric disease. Older adults that died by suicide, were less likely to consult psychiatric care compared to the younger suicide victims (p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: A majority of the suicide victims consulted health care in the near time before death and the proportion of seeking health care was significantly higher than in the general population of Skåne and higher among female suicide victims as compared to males. Alternative preventive screening measures should be considered for individuals consulting health care, especially for older people and individuals outside the psychiatric care.
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| 44. |
- Waye, L., et al.
(author)
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It's My Privilege: Controlling Downgrading in DC-Labels
- 2015
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In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319248578 ; 9331, s. 203-219
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Disjunction Category Labels (DC-labels) are an expressive label format used to classify the sensitivity of data in information-flow control systems. DC-labels use capability-like privileges to downgrade information. Inappropriate use of privileges can compromise security, but DC-labels provide no mechanism to ensure appropriate use.We extend DC-labels with the novel notions of bounded privileges and robust privileges. Bounded privileges specify and enforce upper and lower bounds on the labels of data that may be downgraded. Bounded privileges are simple and intuitive, yet can express a rich set of desirable security policies. Robust privileges can be used only in downgrading operations that are robust, i.e., the code exercising privileges cannot be abused to release or certify more information than intended. Surprisingly, robust downgrades can be expressed in DC-labels as downgrading operations using a weakened privilege. We provide sound and complete run-time security checks to ensure downgrading operations are robust.We illustrate the applicability of bounded and robust privileges in a case study as well as by identifying a vulnerability in an existing DC-label-based application.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Krum, H., et al.
(author)
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Prognostic benefit of beta-blockers in patients not receiving ACE-Inhibitors
- 2005
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In: Eur Heart J. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X. ; 26:20, s. 2154-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIMS: Beta-blockers (BBs) confer significant prognostic benefit in patients (pts) with systolic chronic heart failure (CHF). However, major trials have thus far studied BBs mainly in addition to ACE-Inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as background therapy. The magnitude of the prognostic benefit of BBs in the absence of ACE-I or ARB has not as yet been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a meta-analysis of all placebo-controlled BB studies in patients with CHF (n>200). Trials were identified via Medline literature searches, meeting abstracts, and contact with study organizations. Results for all-cause mortality and death or heart failure hospitalization were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel (fixed effects) method. The impact of BB therapy on all-cause mortality in CHF, in the absence (4.8%) and presence (95.2%) of ACE-I (or ARB), was determined from six trials of 13 370 patients. The risk ratio (RR) for BBs vs. placebo was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-1.02] in the absence of ACE-I or ARB at baseline, compared with a RR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.83) in the presence of these agents. When ACE-Inhibitors were analysed in the same way (pre-BB), a RR of 0.89 (0.80-0.99) vs. placebo was observed in studies of >90 days. The impact of BB therapy on death or HF hospitalization in systolic CHF, in the absence and presence of ACE-I, was determined from three trials of 8988 patients. The RR for BBs vs. placebo was 0.81 (95% CI 0.61-1.08) in the absence of ACE-I or ARB at baseline, compared with a RR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.83) in the presence of these agents. When ACE-Is were analysed in the same way (pre-BB), a RR of 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.93) vs. placebo was observed in studies of >90 days. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of the prognostic benefit conferred by BBs in the absence of ACE-I appears to be similar to those of ACE-Is in systolic CHF. These data therefore suggest that either ACE-Is or BBs could be used as first-line neurohormonal therapy in patients with systolic CHF. Prospective studies directly comparing these agents are required to definitively address this issue.
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| 47. |
- Pantzar-Castilla, Evelina, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Knee joint sagittal plane movement in cerebral palsy : a comparative study of 2-dimensional markerless video and 3-dimensional gait analysis
- 2018
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 89:6, s. 656-661
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: Gait analysis is indicated in children with cerebral palsy (CP) to identify and quantify gait deviations. One particularly difficult-to-treat deviation, crouch gait, can progress in adolescence and ultimately limit the ability to ambulate. An objective quantitative assessment is essential to early identify progressive gait impairments in children with CP. 3-dimensional gait analysis (3D GA) is considered the gold standard, although it is expensive, seldom available, and unnecessarily detailed for screening and follow-up. Simple video assessments are time-consuming when processed manually, but more convenient if used in conjunction with video processing algorithms; this has yet been validated in CP. We validate a 2-dimensional markerless (2D ML) assessment of knee joint flexion/extension angles of the gait cycle in children and young adults with CP.Patients and methods: 18 individuals, mean age 15 years (6.5-28), participated. 11 had bilateral, 3 unilateral, 3 dyskinetic, and 1 ataxic CP. In the Gross Motor Function Classification System, 6 were at level I, 11 at level II, and 1 at level III. We compared 2D ML, using a single video camera with computer processing, and 3D GA.Results: The 2D ML method overestimated the knee flexion/extension angle values by 3.3 to 7.0 degrees compared with 3D GA. The reliability within 2D ML and 3D GA was mostly good to excellent.Interpretation: Despite overestimating, 2D ML is a reliable and convenient tool to assess knee angles and, more importantly, to detect changes over time within a follow-up program in ambulatory children with CP.
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| 48. |
- Morawski, Leszek, et al.
(author)
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Elderly Volunteering in Europe : The Relationship Between Volunteering and Quality of Life Depends on Volunteering Rates
- 2022
-
In: VOLUNTAS - International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. - : Springer. - 0957-8765 .- 1573-7888. ; 33, s. 256-268
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of volunteering on quality of life (QoL) in 50+ populations across European countries and Israel. We analyzed data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Using the Kendall tau-b correlation coefficients, we show that the extent of effect volunteering has on quality of life is nonlinearly related to the prevalence of volunteering in a given country. The relationship follows an inverted-U-shaped curve. In countries where volunteering is the most popular (Denmark, Switzerland, and Belgium) and in countries with the lowest rates (Poland, Greece, the Czech Republic, and Spain), the correlation between volunteering and one's quality of life is low. The correlation is high in countries with medium levels of volunteering (Austria, Italy, and Israel). Moreover, volunteering affects more internal than external domains of QoL. These new insights extend the discussion started by Haski-Leventhal (Voluntas Int J Volunt Nonprofit Organ 20:388-404, 2009). Our study is correlational, and we do not claim causality.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Ahluwalia, Bani, et al.
(author)
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Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract improves symptoms in IBS patients with diarrhoea: post hoc analysis of two randomized double-blind controlled studies
- 2021
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In: Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1756-283X .- 1756-2848. ; 14
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) extract was found to be well-tolerated, safe and showed beneficial effects in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients in two randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. However, the individual studies were underpowered to perform subgroup analyses. We therefore determined the effect of Aloe extract in IBS subgroups in a post hoc analysis combining the results from the two studies. Methods: Data from the two controlled studies comparing Aloe and control treatment taken orally for 4 weeks, were pooled. Both studies included IBS patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria and IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was assessed. We analysed the effect of Aloe extract on IBS symptom severity and the proportion of responders (IBS-SSS reduction > 50) in IBS subgroups. Results: In total, 213 IBS patients were included in the post hoc subgroup analyses. A reduction in overall symptom severity, primarily driven by effect on pain severity and frequency, comparing baseline versus end of treatment, was recorded in IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) receiving Aloe (n = 38, p < 0.001) but not control treatment (n = 33, p = 0.33), with difference between the treatment groups (p = 0.01). Moreover, the frequency of responders was higher in IBS-D patients receiving Aloe (n = 22, 58%) compared to control treatment (n = 10, 30%) (p = 0.02). The effect of Aloe extract treatment on IBS symptom severity was not superior to control treatment in the other IBS subtypes. Conclusion: Aloe extract improves symptom severity in IBS-D patients and can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment option for this patient group.
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