| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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In: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived quality framework in product generation engineering: an automotive industry example
- 2019
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In: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701 .- 2053-4701. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality refers to customers’ cognitive and emotional responses to a particular design, often also associated with craftsmanship and customer satisfaction. Previous research defined a taxonomy of perceived quality and provided understanding about how engineering design decisions impact customer satisfaction. Furthermore, development of new products is frequently based on carrying over attributes of existing products, either from the same producer or from competitors. Previous research offered a new product development methodology combining variations of subsystems to carry over from existing products. This brief presents how these two lines of research combined to design the central console of the Porsche Panamera automobile and discusses the opportunities and challenges posed in the practical implementation of this research.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Scientific Models : Red Atoms, White Lies and Black Boxes in a Yellow Book
- 2016
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 5. |
- Gerlee, Philip, 1980, et al.
(author)
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Scientific Models
- 2016
-
Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A zebrafish, the hull of a miniature ship, a mathematical equation and a food chain - what do these things have in common? They are examples of models used by scientists to isolate and study particular aspects of the world around us. This book begins by introducing the concept of a scientific model from an intuitive perspective, drawing parallels to mental models and artistic representations. It then recounts the history of modelling from the 16th century up until the present day. The iterative process of model building is described and discussed in the context of complex models with high predictive accuracy versus simpler models that provide more of a conceptual understanding. To illustrate the diversity of opinions within the scientific community, we also present the results of an interview study, in which ten scientists from different disciplines describe their views on modelling and how models feature in their work. Lastly, it includes a number of worked examples that span different modelling approaches and techniques. It provides a comprehensive introduction to scientific models and shows how models are constructed and used in modern science. It also addresses the approach to, and the culture surrounding modelling in different scientific disciplines. It serves as an inspiration for model building and also facilitates interdisciplinary collaborations by showing how models are used in different scientific fields. The book is aimed primarily at students in the sciences and engineering, as well as students at teacher training colleges but will also appeal to interested readers wanting to get an overview of scientific modelling in general and different modelling approaches in particular.
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| 6. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived Quality Evaluation with the Use of Extended Reality
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:1, s. 1993-2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If designers want to communicate quality aspects of the product, there is a need to bring these characteristics into the measurable space of perceived quality (PQ) attributes. To illustrate the solution for designers' dilemma of the “best design choice” in this study we applied the PQ attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method, with the example of a bread toaster. We choose for evaluation three PQ attributes which can significantly influence visual quality of a product: Gap, Flush and Parallelism. We performed the experiment measuring subjective preferences over the toaster designs of two respondent's groups - “Designers” and “Customers.” We used sequentially: (i) web-survey (still images); (ii) desktop system; and (iii) fully immersive head-mounted display system (Virtual Reality). Consequently, we conducted a post-experiment survey regarding subjective preferences, related to the PQ communication channels that have been implemented during the study. Our results indicate advantages and drawbacks for each PQ communication method that we applied in this experiment and encourage further research in the area of products' perceived quality assessment.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Sören, 1953-
(author)
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China's aircraft industry: collaboration and technology transfer - the case of Airbus
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (IJTTC). - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 9:4, s. 306-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China has moved a long way in economic and industrial development during the last decades and has developed into a global player in many industries. With increased knowledge in high-technology industries, China has ambitions to move into sectors that necessitate a high level of research and development, such as the aerospace industry. China is now in the process of establishing a modern aircraft industry based on domestic efforts as well as agreements with foreign partners in the manufacturing of complete aircraft. This paper analyzes what measures have been taken by Airbus in the form of technology transfer and other supportive measures to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. The findings conclude that Airbus’ transfer should be looked upon as a broad spectrum of technology and knowledge transfer, which include aircraft manufacturing technology, as well as cabin crew training centre, establishment of a warehouse and suppliers ”village”, an engineering centre, maintenance and various service functions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Can Social Sustainability Values be Incorporated in a Product Service System for Temporary Public Building Modules?
- 2017
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 64, s. 193-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The temporary constructions industry has cost efficiency and sustainability challenges that may require new innovative business models as well as product and processes. This paperaims to discuss how social sustainability services can be included in product service system (PSS)by investigating a case where employment is offered in distributed temporary building module manufacturing in the PSS context. The case has been evaluated against PSS literature. Recent reviews and literature on inclusion of social sustainability and PSS for buildings were used. It is concluded that the current concept fits basic definitions of PSS although it is not typical. The social value of employment is difficult to evaluate and inclusion in PSS needs further research. Design practice could be used to further develop the services in the studied concept. © 2017 The Authors.
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| 10. |
- Nybacka, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Project: CASTT - Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing
- 2007
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Through the Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing, Luleå University of Technology aims to first of all support automotive winter testing in Northern Sweden. This means to support the local automotive test entrepreneurs and through them their customers: the car manufacturers and their suppliers. To succeed in this task, the center relies on the university's areas of leading research and most importantly on the cooperation between those areas.
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| 11. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Development of the urban and industrial symbiosis in western Mälardalen
- 2018
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 73, s. 96-101
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From a product service systems business model development perspective, this paper presents a case study of Västra Mälardalens industrial symbiosis, its maturity level and potentials for further development. The status and potentials of the symbiosis network, based on a survey, interviews and workshops, together with background statistics, is used to evaluate the potential improvement areas and suggest future research. The study contributes with application of evaluation models and confirms earlier research and in addition suggests future research in the field. The Symbiosis network has potential to be acting as innovation catalyst supporting companies to go beyond core business development.
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| 12. |
- Wlazlak, Paraskeva, et al.
(author)
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Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-supplier integration to prepare for production ramp-up
- 2019
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In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 30:2, s. 506-530
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Although prior research provides evidence that production ramp-up is often disrupted by supplier-related problems, it fails to discuss how the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and various types of suppliers integrate their functions and operations to secure preparations for production ramp-up. The purpose of this paper is to investigate OEM–supplier integration in a new product development (NPD) project to prepare for production ramp-up.Design/methodology/approach: The results presented in this paper are based on a real-time, longitudinal study of a single collaborative NPD project in the mechanical engineering industry. The NPD project involves seven suppliers and it is carried out in a large Swedish company (the OEM) and fits the theory-elaborating approach of this research.Findings: This study argues that the aspect of timing in OEM–supplier integration, the OEM’s research and development (R&D) attitude toward collaboration and the OEM’s (R&D) operating procedure are challenges affecting the preparation for production ramp-up. The following three mechanisms to facilitate OEM–supplier integration in order to prepare for production ramp-up are also discussed: the mediator’s role, the OEM’s face-to-face meeting at the project level and suppliers’ formal face-to-face meetings with the OEM and internally.Originality/value: This paper elaborates on and extends prior research on production ramp-up by conducting an empirical analysis that incorporates supplier integration in NPD. It bridges the gap between the literature on production ramp-up and on supplier integration in NPD and clearly indicates that supplier integration is an important prerequisite for successful production ramp-up.
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| 13. |
- Pinzone, Marta, et al.
(author)
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A framework for operative and social sustainability functionalities in Human- Centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems
- 2020
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In: Computers and Industrial Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-8352. ; 139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a near future where manufacturing companies are faced with the rapid technological developments of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Industry 4.0, a need arises to consider how this will affect human operators remaining as a vital and important resource in modern production systems. What will the implications of these orchestrated and ubiquitous technologies in production – a concept we call Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) – be on the health, learning and operative performance of human workers? This paper makes three main contributions to address the question. First, it synthesizes the diverse literature regarding CPS and social sustainability in production systems. Second, it conceptualizes a holistic framework, the CyFL Matrix, and outlines a guideline to analyze how the functionalities of a CPPS relate to operational and social sustainability-related performance impacts at different levels of analysis. Finally, it presents an industrial use case, which the CyFL Matrix and the related guidelines are applied to. In doing so, the study offers first support to researchers and managers of manufacturing companies willing to define suitable operational and social sustainability-related performances for Human-centric Cyber-Physical Production Systems of the future.
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| 14. |
- Sagberg, Fridulv, et al.
(author)
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A Review of Research on Driving Styles and Road Safety
- 2015
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In: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 1547-8181 .- 0018-7208. ; 57:No. 7, November 2015, s. 1248- 1275
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To outline a conceptual framework for understanding driving style and, based on this, review the state-of-the-art research on driving styles in relation to road safety.Background: Previous research has indicated a relationship between the driving styles adopted by drivers and their crash involvement. However, a comprehensive literature review of driving style research is lacking. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, including empirical, theoretical and methodological research on driving styles related to road safety. Results: A conceptual framework was proposed where driving styles are viewed in terms of driving habits established as a result of individual dispositions as well as social norms and cultural values. Moreover, a general scheme for categorising and operationalizing driving styles was suggested. On this basis, existing literature on driving styles and indicators was reviewed. Links between driving styles and road safety were identified and individual and socio-cultural factors influencing driving style were reviewed. Conclusion: Existing studies have addressed a wide variety of driving styles, and there is an acute need for a unifying conceptual framework in order to synthesise these results and make useful generalisations. There is a considerable potential for increasing road safety by means of behaviour modification. Naturalistic driving observations represent particularly promising approaches to future research on driving styles. Application: Knowledge about driving styles can be applied in programmes for modifying driver behaviour and in the context of usage-based insurance. It may also be used as a means for driver identification and for the development of driver assistance systems.
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| 15. |
- Sanli, Kemal, et al.
(author)
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Metagenomic Sequencing of Marine Periphyton: Taxonomic and Functional Insights into Biofilm Communities
- 2015
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In: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 6:1192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Periphyton communities are complex phototrophic, multispecies biofilms that develop on surfaces in aquatic environments. These communities harbor a large diversity of organisms comprising viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans and metazoans. However, thus far the total biodiversity of periphyton has not been described. In this study, we use metagenomics to characterize periphyton communities from the marine environment of the Swedish west coast. Although we found approximately ten times more eukaryotic rRNA marker gene sequences compared to prokaryotic, the whole metagenome-based similarity searches showed that bacteria constitute the most abundant phyla in these biofilms. We show that marine periphyton encompass a range of heterotrophic and phototrophic organisms. Heterotrophic bacteria, including the majority of proteobacterial clades and Bacteroidetes, and eukaryotic macro-invertebrates were found to dominate periphyton. The phototrophic groups comprise Cyanobacteria and the alpha-proteobacterial genus Roseobacter, followed by different micro- and macro-algae. We also assess the metabolic pathways that predispose these communities to an attached lifestyle. Functional indicators of the biofilm form of life in periphyton involve genes coding for enzymes that catalyze the production and degradation of extracellular polymeric substances, mainly in the form of complex sugars such as starch and glycogen-like meshes together with chitin. Genes for 278 different transporter proteins were detected in the metagenome, constituting the most abundant protein complexes. Finally, genes encoding enzymes that participate in anaerobic pathways, such as denitrification and methanogenesis, were detected suggesting the presence of anaerobic or low-oxygen micro-zones within the biofilms.
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| 16. |
-
INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report
- 2010
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
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| 17. |
- Bergman, Martin, 1985
(author)
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Affective Surface Engineering for Product Design
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Design research, sensation and perception, hard metrology, emotional functions, semantics, surface roughness, product interaction, core values, total appearance… the list of scientific phrases never ends. Yet, what do they mean and how shall we use it when we are communicating with the industry and our end users? Is it possible to link the product experience to process parameters, put a number onto it? When you can measure spoken needs or even better, implied needs, of a product, and relate that data to the production, it is possible do create advanced products with high interaction stimuli. By joining engineering sciences (hard metrology) with design science (soft metrology) correlations between customer’s product experience (emotional functions) and surface properties (technical functions) can be established.The research briefly handles an optimization process where the framework from Kansei Engineering (KE) is used to evaluate the semantics issues primarily regarding materials and functional surfaces of products. The basic idea is that; the stakeholder’s experience shall be observed already at the phase of ideation in the product development process, which then facilitates the project (in regard to the total appearance) later on when a concept reaches the production stage. The results presented in this thesis are carried out through a number of case studies together with the industry. The main result and aim of the research is a developed robust approach that links emotional functions with technical functions, which in the next step facilitates the improvement of the total appearance of a product. Nevertheless, it should be recognized that research is not yet complete. It is an iterative process, which confirms that the loop of the method needs to be complete. The developed method is a toolbox with the fundamental tools and workshops to facilitate the correlation process mentioned above, however the packaging of the final step in the method is not yet complete. The future research outlook will focus on the “independent industry implementation” where the method is used by the industry by guidelines only, thus without researchers support.
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| 18. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method
- 2020
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In: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 31:1, s. 37-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development.
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| 19. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
- 2015
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In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
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| 20. |
- Svärd, Malin, 1985
(author)
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Computational driver behavior models for vehicle safety applications
- 2023
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to investigate how human driving behaviors can be formally described in mathematical models intended for online personalization of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) or offline virtual safety evaluations. Both longitudinal (braking) and lateral (steering) behaviors in routine driving and emergencies are addressed. Special attention is paid to driver glance behavior in critical situations and the role of peripheral vision. First, a hybrid framework based on autoregressive models with exogenous input (ARX-models) is employed to predict and classify driver control in real time. Two models are suggested, one targeting steering behavior and the other longitudinal control behavior. Although the predictive performance is unsatisfactory, both models can distinguish between different driving styles. Moreover, a basic model for drivers' brake initiation and modulation in critical longitudinal situations (specifically for rear-end conflicts) is constructed. The model is based on a conceptual framework of noisy evidence accumulation and predictive processing. Several model extensions related to gaze behavior are also proposed and successfully fitted to real-world crashes and near-crashes. The influence of gaze direction is further explored in a driving simulator study, showing glance response times to be independent of the glance's visual eccentricity, while brake response times increase for larger gaze angles, as does the rate of missed target detections. Finally, the potential of a set of metrics to quantify subjectively perceived risk in lane departure situations to explain drivers' recovery steering maneuvers was investigated. The most influential factors were the relative yaw angle and splay angle error at steering initiation. Surprisingly, it was observed that drivers often initiated the recovery steering maneuver while looking off-road. To sum up, the proposed models in this thesis facilitate the development of personalized ADASs and contribute to trustworthy virtual evaluations of current, future, and conceptual safety systems. The insights and ideas contribute to an enhanced, human-centric system development, verification, and validation process. In the long term, this will likely lead to improved vehicle safety and a reduced number of severe injuries and fatalities in traffic.
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| 21. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Using the ACD3-ladder to manage multi-phase requirements on end-user products
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670872 ; 4:DS87-4, s. 425-434
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During the development of any end-user product, a multitude of design decisions need to be made. But if design activities and decisions happen at the wrong time, or not at all, unintentional and sometimes negative design outcomes can be the result. Determining all requirements early in the product development is traditionally recommended, but may force design decisions to be made prematurely onthe basis of incomplete preconditions. Requirements at different degrees of resolution are useful and purposeful at different stages of the development process. To address these requirements management challenges, this paper proposes an approach for incrementally developing requirements in parallel with design, based upon a previously developed framework called ACD³, which draws on a combination of theoretically compatible ideas and concepts from Design Engineering, Human Factors/Ergonomics,Usability and Systems Theory. This approach helps designers identify and handle the possible interdependencies of design variables. The paper also theoretically motivates and demonstrates with an example how the different resolution levels of requirements relate within the framework.
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| 22. |
- Hosseini Bab Anari, Elham, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Fluorine-free salts for aqueous lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery electrolytes
- 2016
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In: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 6:88, s. 6, 85194-85201
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A first generation of fluorine-free lithium and sodium salts based on the concept of pseudo-delocalized anions has been synthesized with both high purity and yield using water as the solvent in the reaction medium. The salts have been fully characterized by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies, thermogravimetry, and X-ray crystallography to reveal both basic properties in terms of thermal stability and solubility as well as the local, mainly ion–ion interaction dictated, coordination details and by ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability window measurements as aqueous electrolytes. Together a picture is created of the salts' promise as components in electrolytes – primarily aiming at application in low voltage fluorinefree aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs).
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Design for versatility : the changing face of workspaces for collaborative design
- 2005
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In: Proceedings ICED 05, the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design. - Melbourne : The Institution of Engineers, Australia. - 9780858257887
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a fiercely competitive business climate, which is increasingly characterized by global alliances, partnerships and outsourcing agreements, companies struggle to decrease the negative impact of geographic distance on development efforts. The role of workspaces for collaborative design is gaining considerable attention, and there is currently an increasing interest in moving from individual tools or technologies to a more inclusive view of collaborative workspaces. This paper reports on the underlying motivation and justification for a new collaborative design studio at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. The studio provides a rapid-response environment, in which the significance of issues raised through ethnographic observations of engineering work can be evaluated and solutions offered.
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| 24. |
- Törlind, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Towards true collaboration in global design teams?
- 2005
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In: Proceedings ICED 05, the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design. - Barton : Institution of Engineers, Australia. - 0858257882
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Today’s collaboration tools can support formal meetings to a certain extent, though there is still an immense potential for improvement when it comes to designing virtual and physical places where global design teams can collaborate in more ‘natural’ ways than existing distributed environments allow. One challenge for global product development is to support true collaboration within global design teams, where diversity and competences of the whole team can be utilized and where team members can think together rather then merely exchange information, opinions and divide work. This paper summarizes the results of several case studies and development projects performed within the Polhem Laboratory over the last four years and proposes challenges for future research. From our findings some of the most important challenges are how to support users with communication tools for more natural formal and informal communication (i.e. as a co-located team communicates), while automatically storing information and context from the distributed meetings.
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| 25. |
- Salunkhe, Omkar, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Review of Current Status and Future Directions for Collaborative and Semi-Automated Automotive Wire Harnesses Assembly
- 2023
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 696-701
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wire harnesses are vital for any modern automotive vehicle. They control the basic functions in a vehicle, for example, windshield wipers and critical functions such as sensors, cameras, and autopilot functions. Thus, the quality of wire harness assembly is highly important. Today, wire harnesses are usually assembled manually, which creates unergonomic and tedious working conditions for operators. Traditional and collaborative industrial robots have been identified as possible solutions to overcome challenges faced by operators in this type of assembly. The international research community has proposed many solutions for automating the assembly of wire harnesses in automotive vehicles but despite these solutions, the industry has not been able to adopt a method to automate this assembly process fully or partially. This paper presents a review of findings on robot-assisted wire harness assembly processes based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, the assembly of wire harnesses in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The state-of-the-art review focuses on solutions to improve unergonomic work situations and ensure the quality of assembly operations. Best practices and reasons for the lack of extensive implementation in automotive final assembly systems are described. Further, the paper presents suggestions based on success stories where the automation of the wire harness assembly in automotive vehicles has been realised by leveraging human-centred automation solutions. Based on the findings, this paper identifies the research for future study. The findings also indicate that there is already technology that can support the automation of wire harness assembly processes in EVs but it is crucial to identify the human aspects and the role of humans in the assembly of wire harness assembly process.
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| 26. |
- Ström, Henrik, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Behaviour and stability of the two-fluid model for fine-scale simulations of bubbly flow in nuclear reactors
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1542-6580 .- 2194-5748. ; 13:4, s. 449-459
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present work, we formulate a simplistic two-fluid model for bubbly steam-water flow existing between fuel pins in nuclear fuel assemblies. Numerical simulations are performed in periodic 2D domains of varying sizes. The appearance of a non-uniform volume fraction field in the form of meso-scales is investigated and shown to be varying with the bubble loading and the domain size, as well as with the numerical algorithm employed. These findings highlight the difficulties involved in interpreting the occurrence of instabilities in two-fluid simulations of gas-liquid flows, where physical and unphysical instabilities are prone to be confounded. The results obtained in this work therefore contribute to a rigorous foundation in on-going efforts to derive a consistent meso-scale formulation of the traditional two-fluid model for multiphase flows in nuclear reactors.
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| 27. |
- Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al.
(author)
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A systematic review of empirical studies on green manufacturing: eight propositions and a research framework for digitalized sustainable manufacturing
- 2022
-
In: Production and Manufacturing Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2169-3277. ; 10:1, s. 727-759
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Manufacturers are facing increasing pressures to adapt their operations to meet sustainability goals. Research and developments on industrial digitalization (aka Industry 4.0) present new opportunities to create and capture value in ever-more complex and connected industrial systems. However, digitalization does not always align with sustainability, and case studies combining these two topics are still scarce. To address these gaps, we adopted a bottom-up approach to (1) identify existing environmental solutions and their implementation challenges by reviewing 208 empirical studies, and (2) formulate eight propositions to guide further work so that digitalization supports environmental improvements more systematically. Finally, a framework for Digitalized Sustainable Manufacturing consisting of four research themes is proposed, pointing to future research needed to align industrial development with sustainable development goals. The propositions and framework aim to structure and focus future research by targeting specifically the challenges encountered when implementing environmental solutions in manufacturing.
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| 28. |
- Ericson Öberg, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Diagnostics of Opportunities – A Dialogue Tool for Addressing Digital Factory Maturity
- 2024
-
In: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation andWork Integrated Learning. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 395-406
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.
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| 29. |
- Hiort af Ornäs, Viktor
(author)
-
The Significance of Things : Affective User-Artefact Relations
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Products help people act, but also thrill, excite, and elicit fear, joy and anger. Artefacts are a natural part of people’s everyday lives, sometimes associated with values, dreams and aspirations. While traditional user-centred approaches have focused on efficiency and effectiveness of use, injury prevention etc. new approaches focusing on product experience have emerged. However, while increased attention is being paid to the experiential side of goods and services there remains a need for knowledge and methodology with which to address experiences with things, especially with regard to elicitation, specification and evaluation of requirements. This project has therefore taken an exploratory qualitative approach, aiming to elucidate what it is that people find significant in experiences with products. 159 participants in six different studies have shared descriptions of experiences with things. The studies have come from different perspectives, triangulating data collected in individual and group interviews with self-reports. The analysis indicates that things often matter not in terms of their mere presence or physical properties, but by standing out from expectations, requiring attention or referring to some idea. Often the significance of products lay in the role(s) they play in events, and the perceived impact the thing has on the person’s ability to realise motives. While only a fraction of all experiences with things could be prescribed in product development it is possible to scaffold conditions that increase or decrease their likelihood. Three perspectives that could potentially be addressable in development work are: significant things and associated meanings, significance in use and significance of consequences beyond use. These imply somewhat different objectives for design and different needs for knowledge. User experience is not a property or quality of an artefact, but a perspective that can to some extent be addressed by enabling developers to identify requirements and align their understanding with what users find significant.
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| 30. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(author)
-
Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
-
In: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 31. |
- Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
- 2008
-
In: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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| 32. |
- Xu, Cheng, et al.
(author)
-
Scalable Validation of Industrial Equipment using a Functional DSMS
- 2017
-
In: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems. - : Springer. - 0925-9902 .- 1573-7675. ; 48:3, s. 553-577
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A stream validation system called SVALI is developed in order to continuouslyvalidate data streams from industrial equipment. The functional data model of SVALI allows the user to dene meta-data and queries about the equipment in terms of types and functions. The two system functions model-andvalidate and learn-and-validate provide such validation functionality. The experiments show that parallel stream processing enables SVALI to scale very well with respect to response time and system throughput. The paper is based on a real world application for wheel loader slippage detection at Volvo Construction Equipment.
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| 33. |
- Winkel, Jörgen, 1946, et al.
(author)
-
Scientific evidence suggests a changed approach in ergonomic intervention research
- 2017
-
In: Osvalder A.-L., Blomé M. & Bodnar H. (Eds.) NES 2017, Conference Proceedings. - Lund. - 9789177531524
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ergonomic interventions have generally been unsuccessful in improving workers’ health, with concurrent rationalization efforts negating potentially successful intervention initiatives. We propose the two aims are considered simultaneously, aiming at the joint consideration of competitive performance and work environment in a long-term perspective (“organizational sustainability”). A prerequisite is a high level of dialogue between the different groups of stakeholders, and we argue that the Nordic countries, through high levels of trust and justice (social capital), have unique opportunity to carry out such research. The present authors bring forth the vision of “a Nordic Model for development of more sustainable production systems”.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Källström, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
-
Vibration-based Condition Monitoring of Heavy Duty Machine Driveline Parts : Torque Converter, Gearbox, Axles and Bearings
- 2019
-
In: International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management. - : PHM Society. - 2153-2648. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As more features are added to the heavy duty construction equipment, its complexity increases and early fault detection of certain components becomes more challenging due to too many fault codes generated when a failure occurs. Hence, the need to complement the present onboard diagnostic methods with more sophisticated diagnostic methods for adequate condition monitoring of the heavy duty construction equipment in order to improve uptime. Major components of the driveline (such as the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axles) are such components. Failure of these major components of the driveline may results in the machine standing still until a repair is scheduled. In this paper, vibration based condition monitoring methods are presented with the purpose to provide a diagnostic framework possible to implement onboard for monitoring of critical driveline parts in order to reduce service cost and improve uptime. For the development of this diagnostic framework, sensor data from the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axles are considered. Further, the feature extraction of the data collected has been carried out using adequate signal processing methods, which includes, Adaptive Line Enhancer, Order Power Spectrum respectively. In addition, Bayesian learning was utilized for adaptively learning of the extracted features for deviation detection. Bayesian learning is a powerful prediction method as it combines the prior information with knowlegde measured to make update. The results indicate that the vibration properties of the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axle are relevant for early fault detection of the driveline. Furthermore, vibration provide information about the internal features of these components for detecting deviations from normal behavior.In this way, the developed methods may be implemented onboard for the continuous monitoring of these critical driveline parts of the heavy duty construction equipment so that if their health starts to degrade a service and/or repair may be scheduled well in advance of a potential failure and in that way the downtime of a machine may be reduced and costly replacements and repairs avoided.
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| 36. |
- De Goey, Heleen, et al.
(author)
-
Design-driven innovation : Making meaning for whom
- 2017
-
In: The Design Journal. - : European Academy of Design. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 20:S1, s. S479-S491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Design-driven innovation focuses on the innovation of product meanings. This innovation is enabled by integrating knowledge on needs, product language and technological development. So far, it has mostly been studied in contexts where the buyer is the assumed end user. There has been little research about design-driven innovation in other contexts, such as business-to-business and public contexts. Here, companies need to create value for multiple stakeholders. In this study, these are defined as users, buyers and influencers. The aim of this study is to explore how companies consider the different stakeholders in the innovation of product meanings. Two companies participated in a case study. The results demonstrate that both companies mainly focus on addressing needs. However, while one case company prioritizes the perspective from the user, the other focuses more on the buyer. The results illustrate the increased complexity that companies need to manage in design-driven innovation in these contexts.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Lagrosen, Yvonne. 1966-, et al.
(author)
-
Quality management and health : a double connection
- 2007
-
In: International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0265-671X .- 1758-6682. ; 24:1, s. 49-61
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss the effects of quality management in the health care sector and the general effects of quality management on the health of the employees. Methodology/approach The empirical basis consists of three case studies in one industrial manufacturing company and two hospitals. The empirical data have been gathered with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Findings: The twofold value of quality management, of preventing disease by supporting more rewarding working conditions as well as improving the treatment of disease by increasing the effectiveness of health care organisations it indicated. Leadership commitment was found to be the most crucial common prerequisite for successful quality management implementation and for creating a healthy work environment. In addition, continuous improvements and participation of everybody were found to have importance for well functioning quality management as well as for health. Research limitations/implications: The paper provides additional understanding of the influence of quality management on health and a model is presented. A limitation is that the factors studied are fairly broad and for further research it will be useful to go deeper into the mechanics of them. Practical implications: The three factors leadership commitment, participation of everybody and continuous improvements have been shown to be vital contributors for health and managers should make every effort to implement them. Originality/value: The double effect of quality management on health has not been studied before and knowledge of the factors contributing to it is valuable.
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| 39. |
- Landström, Anna, 1990, et al.
(author)
-
A life cycle approach to business performance measurement systems
- 2018
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 126-133, s. 126-133
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virtually every company has implemented a Business Performance Measurement System (BPMS) with the purpose of monitoring production and business performance and to execute the corporate strategy at all levels in a company. The purpose of this article is to shed light on common pitfalls related to the practical use of BPMS and further to present a life cycle model with the purpose of introducing structured approach to avoiding the pitfalls. The article contributes to further development of the BPMS life cycle concept and practical examples of how it can be used.
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| 40. |
- Lagrosen, Stefan, 1960-, et al.
(author)
-
Exploring service quality in the health and fitness industry
- 2007
-
In: Managing Service Quality. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0960-4529 .- 1758-8030. ; 17:1, s. 41-53
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to discover quality dimensions for the health‐and‐fitness industry and to examine the salient aspects of the quality‐management practices of organisations in this industry.Design/methodology/approach – The research in this paper uses a grounded‐theory approach to a multiple case study of 15 companies in the Swedish health‐and‐fitness industry. Qualitative methods in the form of in‐depth interviews and observation are utilised for data collection.Findings – The paper finds that a framework for fitness quality management is developed and presented. The quality dimensions are found to be “pleasure”, “mental change”, and “physical change”. The main enablers are defined as “relational competence” and “technical competence”. Other indirect enablers are also identified and described.Research limitations/implications – The paper shows that because the framework is based on qualitative data collection, the relationships are not quantified. This could be an objective of further research.Practical implications – The framework presented in this paper is useful for managers of fitness companies when designing and managing their activities.Originality/value – The paper presents a novel framework of the salient features of quality in fitness services – an industry that has received little scholarly attention in the past. This research also contributes to the general understanding of service quality, and demonstrates the usefulness of inductive qualitative methodology in this regard.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Lejon, Marcus, 1986, et al.
(author)
-
Multidisciplinary Design of a Three Stage High Speed Booster
- 2017
-
In: ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. - : ASME Press. ; 2B-2017
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper describes a multidisciplinary conceptual design of an axial compressor, targeting a three stage, high speed, high efficiency booster with a design pressure ratio of 2.8. The paper is outlined in a step wise manner starting from basic aircraft and engine thrust requirements, establishing the definition of the high speed booster interface points and its location in the engine. Thereafter, the aerodynamic 1D/2D design is carried out using the commercial throughflow tool SC90C. A number of design aspects are described, and the steps necessary to arrive at the final design are outlined. The SC90C based design is then carried over to a CFD based conceptual design tool AxCent, in which a first profiling is carried out based on a multiple circular arc blade definition. The design obtained at this point is referred to as the VINK compressor. The first stage of the compressor is then optimized using an in-house optimization tool, where the objective functions are evaluated from detailed CFD calculations. The design is improved in terms of efficiency and in terms of meeting the design criteria put on the stage in the earlier design phases. Finally, some aeromechanical design aspects of the first stage are considered. The geometry and inlet boundary conditions of the compressor are shared with the turbomachinery community on a public server. This is intended to be used as a test case for further optimization and analysis.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ribeiro, Luis
(author)
-
The design, deployment, and assessment of industrial agent systems
- 2015. - 1st ed.
-
In: Industrial Agents. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 9780128003411 ; , s. 45-63
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Agent based systems have been explored, if not practically, at least conceptually, in a wide range of domains. The notion of agent has taken, also, many shapes and meanings according to the application area. These have ranged from pure computational applications, such as UNIX daemons, Internet crawlers, optimization algorithms, etc; to embodied agents as in mobile robotics. The notion of cyber-physical system has been very recently coined to denote the next generation of embedded systems. Unlike an embedded system, a cyber-physical system is designed from scratch to promote the symbiosis and fusion between a physical element, its controller, and its abstract or logical representation/existence. To an enormous extent the concept echoes the idea of embodiment (Pfeifer, Lungarella & Iida 2007), whereby the body shapes the cognitive abilities of its control gear, and self-organization (Holland & Melhuish 1999), in the sense that a resilient whole results from the collective interactions of many parts. Some rather similar principles have been the basis for Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS) (Bussmann & Mcfarlane 1999), Bionic Manufacturing Systems (BMS) (Ueda 1992), Evolvable Assembly Systems (EAS) (Onori 2002) and an overwhelming number of industrial agent based architectures that have followed them (Van Brussel et al. 1998; Leitao, Colombo & Restivo 2005; Barata 2003; Lastra 2004; Shen et al. 2006; Marik & Lazansky 2007; Vrba et al. 2011; Leitão 2009; Monostori, Váncza & Kumara 2006).It is therefore safe to assert that industrial agent systems are a preceding, probably more restricted, case of cyber-physical systems.Although each application area has its specific challenges arguably, the design, deployment and assessment of industrial agent systems are particularly complex. Given the multidisciplinary nature of today's industrial systems, their cyber-physical realization entails challenges that range from pure computer science and embedded controller design to production optimization and sustainability.The main challenges comprising the design, deployment and assessment of industrial agent-based systems are therefore examined.Multiagent Systems (MAS) have been widely known as the base for inherent robust and available systems and there are many characteristics (Wooldridge & Jennings 1994; Wooldridge & Jennings 1995) such as autonomy, social-ability, proactive response, reactivity, self-organization, etc; which have been identified as core ingredients for the MAS reliability.However, to call "agent" to a software abstraction and create a system based on these abstractions is not a guarantee that the system will exhibit the expected characteristics. Unfortunately this misconception is quite common.There have been significant international and industrial efforts in addressing the different design, deployment and assessment challenges. The reader is naturally referred to the contents of this book to learn about the latest results and technical details. Previous international projects are not limited to but include: SIRENA - early development of a devices profiles for web services (DPWS) stack (Jammes & Smit 2005; Bohn, Bobek & Golatowski 2006) and subsequent project SODA - focusing on the development of a service based ecosystem using DPWS, Inlife - focusing in service oriented diagnosis of distributed intelligent systems (Barata, Ribeiro & Colombo 2007), SOCRADES - investigating the creation of new methodologies, technologies and tools for the modelling, design, implementation and operation of networked hardware/software systems embedded in smart physical objects (De Souza et al. 2008), AESOP - tackling web service-oriented process monitoring and control (Karnouskos et al. 2010), GRACE - exploring process and quality control integration using a MAS framework (Stroppa et al. 2012) and IDEAS - focusing in instant deployment of agentified components (Ribeiro et al. 2011a). The subsequent details are therefore organized to first highlight the commonest structural arrangements considered in current agent architectures and more specifically on bringing some context on their potential applications and limitations. Secondly, since emerging architectures are increasingly inspired by concepts and methods from the complexity sciences, the gaps between them and the concrete instantiation of industrial MAS are discussed. The presentation of the design challenges and opportunities follows as well as the conventional deployment approaches. Finally, the impact of MAS design is discussed from a system validation perspective.
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| 45. |
- Lindström, John, et al.
(author)
-
A function innovation model for the manufacturing industry
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Multi Business Model Innovation and Technology. - : River Publishers. - 2245-8832 .- 2245-456X. ; 3:1, s. 1-28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper addresses the need for innovation in order to achieve sustainable growth and business development within the manufacturing industry, and further how that can be enabled by striving towards functions. Adopting an open perspective, the paper proposes a function innovation model involving academia, potential function providers and customers in order to create a long-term win-win situation between function providers and their customers.
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| 46. |
- Wlazlak, Paraskeva, et al.
(author)
-
Integration of Suppliers’ Workflows in the OEMs’ New Product Development Process
- 2018
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; , s. 479-486
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This research explores integration of the suppliers’ workflows in the OEM’s new product development (NPD) process, to support the production ramp-up. Based on multiple-case study approach, incorporating both the OEM and the supplier perspective, this research explains critical aspects for the integration of suppliers’ workflows in the OEM’s NPD process, and when these aspects need to be addressed. The results show that face-to-face meeting on a project level, standardized work model, readiness of the component specifications, role of Supplier Quality Assurance (SQA) engineer, quality assurance document provided to the suppliers, etc. are critical aspects.
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| 47. |
- Hellman, Pasi, et al.
(author)
-
Development of Quality Management Systems : How Have Disruptive Technological Innovations in Quality Management Affected Organizations?
- 2013
-
In: Quality Innovation Prosperity. - : Quality Innovation Prosperity. - 1335-1745 .- 1338-984X. ; 17:1, s. 104-119
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This research investigates the history of quality and development of quality management systems. History of quality is investigated from Hammurabi’s law all the way to today’s reigning quality initiatives including ISO, Six Sigma and Lean manufacturing. In the last chapters the current state of quality management is being examined. The foresight method is also opened up and examined. The Innovator’s dilemma concept, originally presented by Clayton Christensen, is used to analyse how quality management systems have been evolved in the last 100 years. Special emphasis is placed on the US manufacturing in the 1970s and 1980s. Based on the literature, the concept of Innovator’s dilemma and the fall of US manufacturing are merged. The result is a prime example that the Innovator’s Dilemma is a universal phenomenon. The industry leader is trying to maintain its position and do everything right but still it is destined to fail. The causes and effects are being discussed in later chapters.
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| 48. |
- Si, Shubin, et al.
(author)
-
Benchmarking and developing the operational competitiveness of Chinese state-owned manufacturing enterprises in a global context
- 2010
-
In: International Journal of Innovation and Learning. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1471-8197 .- 1741-8089. ; 7:2, s. 202-222
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to study the operational competitiveness of Chinese State-Owned Manufacturing Enterprises (CSOMEs) by analysing the case CSOME and comparing it with other global manufacturing companies in a Global Manufacturing Strategies (GMSS) database for developing innovation and learning. Analytical models are used to analyse the operational competitiveness of the case CSOME and its subsidiaries based on the weights of the multicriteria manufacturing strategies. The operational competitiveness development of its subsidiaries are applied to predict the future operational competitiveness of the case CSOME in a global context. The results show that quality is the most important competitive priority of the case CSOME and the case CSOME have some advantages when competing in a prospector group. The ranking and stability of the operational competitiveness of the case CSOME imply that: (1) the top CSOMEs have a strong operational competitiveness in the global context; however, they have some gaps compared to the top manufacturing enterprises in the world and (2) it will take a long time for the top CSOMEs to improve their operational competitiveness because of a huge organisational structure. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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| 49. |
- Stark, Andreas, et al.
(author)
-
Hybrid digital manufacturing: Capturing the value of digitalization
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Operations Management. - : Wiley. - 1873-1317 .- 0272-6963. ; 69:6, s. 890-910
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A chasm is growing between the advanced technologies available for improving manufacturing operations and those effectively used in practice. The vision of Industry 4.0 is to mobilize industry to seek out these possibilities for improvement and to close the gap between opportunity and reality. However, when compared with more established improvement opportunities such as lean manufacturing, the digitalization of manufacturing lacks in both paradigmatic examples and an understanding of how to achieve the benefits. This lack is a complication of concern: Without an appropriate operations strategy to capture the value of digitalization, manufacturing companies will be unable to focus on technological investments and operational changes. To address this concern, operations management academics must develop new theory through active engagement in the practice of digitalization in manufacturing. This research presents a paradigmatic example, based on engaged scholarship, focused on effectively combining novel object-interactive and conventional manufacturing syntax for benefiting from digitalization in internal operations and the wider supply chain. The contribution to literature is a novel operations strategy—hybrid digital manufacturing—for capturing the value of Industry 4.0 technologies.
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| 50. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974, et al.
(author)
-
Quantitative risk analysis – Ship security analysis for effective risk control options
- 2013
-
In: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 58:1, s. 98-112
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study reviews ship security assessment. The objectives are to explore the possibilities for quantifying and performing a more thorough ship security risk analysis than that described in the International Ship and Port Facility Security code and to evaluate to what extent this more detailed analysis increases ship security and facilitate the effective selection of risk control options.The study focuses on Somali-based maritime piracy, using piracy on the Indian Ocean as a case study. Data are collected using questionnaires and interviews with civilian and military security experts who possess firsthand experience of piracy off the coast of Somalia. The data are collected specifically for this study and describe and quantify the threat’s capability, intent and likelihood of exploiting a ship’s vulnerability. Based on the collected description of the threat, the study analyzes and describes: probability of detection by pirates, probability of successful approach, and probability of successful boarding.The performed work shows good agreement between calculated probabilities and frequencies in the cited incident reports. Also, the developed scenarios describe the most important influences on the analysed areas. The research therefore shows that the proposed risk-based approach, which uses structurally collected and documented information on the threat, can increase ship security by assisting in selecting risk control options. The approach also allows for a better understanding of the causal relationship between threat and risk than that provided in today’s security analysis by ship owners, for example. This understanding is crucial to choosing effective and robust risk control options.
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