| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(author)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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In: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Hilletofth, Per
(author)
-
Demand-Supply Chain Management
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose: This research aims to enhance the current understanding and knowledge of the demand-supply chain management (DSCM) concept by determining its elements, benefits, and requirements, as well as by analyzing key elements of the concept. Methodology: This research has utilized the case study strategy and the survey strategy, however, the case study strategy dominates. The case study research has involved five companies originating from Sweden and the collection of empirical data mainly from in-depth interviews with key persons representing senior and middle management. The survey research targeted the largest firms in Sweden and Finland and empirical data was collected through an online questionnaire. Findings: This research has established that the main elements of DSCM include market orientation, coordination of the demand and supply processes, viewing the demand and supply processes as being equally important, as well as value creation, differentiation, innovativeness, responsiveness, and cost-efficiency in the demand and supply processes. It has also been revealed that the main benefits of DSCM include enhanced competiveness, enhanced demand chain performance, as well as enhanced supply chain performance, while the main requirements of DSCM include organizational competences, company established principles, demand-supply chain collaboration, and information technology support. A key element of DSCM further investigated is differentiation focused supply chain design. It has been shown that these efforts can be organized into a process of five stages. In addition, it is important that this process is addressed in parallel with the new product development (NPD) process, that information is exchanged between them, and that they are directed on the basis of the same segmentation model. Another key element of DSCM further investigated is coordination between NPD and SCM. This research has identified several significant linkages between these management directions, which motivate the use of an integrative NPD process where the NPD functions are aligned with the main supply functions in the company and other sales-related functions supporting the commercialization. A final key element of DSCM further investigated is the significance of regarding the demand processes and the supply processes as being equally important. This research has revealed that logistics outsourcing can be risky, if it results in the supply processes being considered less important. Nevertheless, if senior management regards the outsourced processes as equally important as the in-house processes, the effect of logistics outsourcing on company strategies and direction in SCM could be reduced and logistics outsourcing could instead provide an opportunity to improve the design and differentiation of the supply chain. Research limitations/implications: This research has proposed, described, and further analyzed a demand-supply oriented management approach. Such a management approach stresses that the demand processes and the supply processes have to be coordinated and directed at an overlying level, in order to gain and sustain a competitive advantage in competitive and fragmented markets. This research is mainly explorative in nature, and more empirical data, from similar and other research settings, is needed to further validate the findings. Another limitation of the research is that it is essentially limited to Swedish companies (even if some Finnish companies are involved in the survey), however, many of the case companies have a large international presence and are among the top three in their industries, facts which provide some grounds for generalization. Practical implications: This research provides researchers and practitioners with insights into how to develop a demand-supply oriented business. It shows that companies should organize themselves around understanding how customer value is created and delivered, as well as how these processes and management directions can be coordinated. In order for this to occur, the demand and supply processes must be considered as being equally important and the firm needs to be managed jointly and in a coordinated manner by the demand- and supply-side of the company. It is also important that value creation is considered in both the demand and supply processes. Originality/value: Despite strong arguments from both researchers and practitioners for a demand-supply oriented management approach only a minority of companies appear to have effectively coordinated the demand and supply processes. This might be influenced by the lack of research examining how the demand and supply processes can be coordinated, what benefits can be gained by coordinating them, and what requirements are necessary to succeed. This research contributes by investigating these types of aspects further.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- De Goey, Heleen, et al.
(author)
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Design-driven innovation : Making meaning for whom
- 2017
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In: The Design Journal. - : European Academy of Design. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 20:S1, s. S479-S491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Design-driven innovation focuses on the innovation of product meanings. This innovation is enabled by integrating knowledge on needs, product language and technological development. So far, it has mostly been studied in contexts where the buyer is the assumed end user. There has been little research about design-driven innovation in other contexts, such as business-to-business and public contexts. Here, companies need to create value for multiple stakeholders. In this study, these are defined as users, buyers and influencers. The aim of this study is to explore how companies consider the different stakeholders in the innovation of product meanings. Two companies participated in a case study. The results demonstrate that both companies mainly focus on addressing needs. However, while one case company prioritizes the perspective from the user, the other focuses more on the buyer. The results illustrate the increased complexity that companies need to manage in design-driven innovation in these contexts.
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| 6. |
- Okda, Sherif, et al.
(author)
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Testing of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Inflatable Airfoil Section
- 2020
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In: Journal of Aerospace Engineering. - 1943-5525 .- 0893-1321. ; 33:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inflatable structures are characterized by being light and easy to manufacture and deploy. Hence, they find many applications in aerospace and aeronautical engineering. In this paper, an inflatable segment with a The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 0021 airfoil cross-section is designed, fabricated, and tested. The geometrical accuracy of the manufactured inflatable segment is measured using laser scanning. Measurements show that the average normalized error of the chord length and thickness are 2.97% and 0.554%, respectively. The aerodynamic behavior of the inflatable segment is then tested in a wind tunnel at different wind speeds and angles of attack. Lift forces are measured using a six-component balance, while the drag forces are calculated from the wake measurements. The lift and drag coefficients of the inflatable section are compared to those of a standard NACA 0021 airfoil. Finally, flow visualization is examined at different angles of attack using two methods: smoke and tufts. Both methods show that flow separation starts at 15° and full stall occurs at 25°. Results indicate that inflatables can find more applications in the design and construction of aerodynamic structures, such as wings.
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| 7. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Safety System for Industrial Robots to Support Collaboration
- 2016
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In: Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319416960 - 9783319416977 ; , s. 253-265
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ongoing trend towards manufacturing of customized products generates an increased demand on highly efficient work methods to manage product variants through flexible automation. Adopting robots for automation is not always feasible in low batch production. However, the combination of humans together with robots performing tasks in collaboration provides a complementary mix of skill and creativity of humans, and precision and strength of robots which support flexible production in small series down to one-off production. Through this, collaboration can be used with implications on reconfiguration and production. In this paper, the focus and study is on designing safety for efficient collaboration operator—robot in selected work task scenarios. The recently published ISO/TS 15066:2016 describing collaboration between operator and robot is in this context an important document for development and implementation of robotic systems designed for collaboration between operator and robot.
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| 8. |
- Forsberg, Lena, et al.
(author)
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Gender and entrepreneurship in the horse-related industry
- 2013
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In: Journal of Business Diversity. - 2158-3889. ; 12:2, s. 75-93
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we examine the horse-related industry in terms of entrepreneurship and gender. Based on reports of the industry, a mapping of the entire sector (N= 7504) and a questionnaire (N=520) we find that the industry is portrayed as female gendered, but dominated by men. However, we also find evidence that the industry is changing gender, as women dominate among younger entrepreneurs. The strongest motives for the horse-related entrepreneurs (regardless of gender) are realizing a dream and being able to combine interest with work. We also found that entrepreneurs in this industry mainly network inside the industry.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Sören, 1953-
(author)
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China's aircraft industry: collaboration and technology transfer - the case of Airbus
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation (IJTTC). - : Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. - 1470-6075 .- 1741-5284. ; 9:4, s. 306-325
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- China has moved a long way in economic and industrial development during the last decades and has developed into a global player in many industries. With increased knowledge in high-technology industries, China has ambitions to move into sectors that necessitate a high level of research and development, such as the aerospace industry. China is now in the process of establishing a modern aircraft industry based on domestic efforts as well as agreements with foreign partners in the manufacturing of complete aircraft. This paper analyzes what measures have been taken by Airbus in the form of technology transfer and other supportive measures to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. The findings conclude that Airbus’ transfer should be looked upon as a broad spectrum of technology and knowledge transfer, which include aircraft manufacturing technology, as well as cabin crew training centre, establishment of a warehouse and suppliers ”village”, an engineering centre, maintenance and various service functions.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
-
Perceived quality framework in product generation engineering: an automotive industry example
- 2019
-
In: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701 .- 2053-4701. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality refers to customers’ cognitive and emotional responses to a particular design, often also associated with craftsmanship and customer satisfaction. Previous research defined a taxonomy of perceived quality and provided understanding about how engineering design decisions impact customer satisfaction. Furthermore, development of new products is frequently based on carrying over attributes of existing products, either from the same producer or from competitors. Previous research offered a new product development methodology combining variations of subsystems to carry over from existing products. This brief presents how these two lines of research combined to design the central console of the Porsche Panamera automobile and discusses the opportunities and challenges posed in the practical implementation of this research.
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| 12. |
- Högberg, Dan
(author)
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Ergonomics Integration and User Diversity in Product
- 2005
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Concideration of products' ergonomic qualitys is one important component for successful product developement. Product designers engaged in the core activity of product developement need methods that support the consideration of ergonomics along with other product requirements. this thesis aims to adress these needs. The first part of the thesis investigates how people working within product developement organisations communicate with and about users of their products. The general need for methods to support communication of user aspects in product development is indentified trough formal interviews whith product developers and a review of the management, ergonomics and design litterature. The second part of the thesis studies the factors wich affect th integration of ergonomics in product design. Supportive methods, including User Characters, for evoking user concideration among designers together with Overlapping methods fos scheduling ergonomics evaluation in product design processes are introduced and argued. The third part of the thesis reviews an discusses computer aided ergonomics as a mens for integration of ergonomics in product design. A web-based support system for effective employment of human simulation tools is developed using a participativa approach and evaluated based on the system's usability. The objective of the fourt part of the thesis is to study how human simulation tool can aid designers' consideration of human diversity to accomodate users of diverse anthropometric characteristics in multivariate design problems such as automobile cockpits. The work involves the evaluation off different approaches for th egeneration of specific manikin families wich can be used as test groups for fitting trials in the virtual design process. The research demonstrates enchantments in design methodology knowledge to support integration of ergonomics in design product processes with a focus on anthopometric diversity in vehicledesign.
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| 13. |
- Karltun Erlandsson, Anette, 1956-
(author)
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Forskarstött förändringsarbete i själva verket : Att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare
- 2007
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna avhandling belyser forskarstött förändringsarbete, inom ”Servicenätet Posten”, den division inom Posten Sverige AB som ansvarar för postdistribution till kunderna. Förändringsarbetet har handlat om att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare.Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av ett systemtänkande där konceptet ”Människa-Teknik-Organisation” (MTO), används för att granska interventionsprocessen.Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till kunskapsutveckling-en om forskarstött förändringsarbete utifrån följande delsyften: 1) att illustrera hur ett systemtänkande i förändringsarbete påverkar förståelsen för hur systemkomponenterna Människa, Teknik och Organisation (MTO) interagerar i praktiken, 2) att exemplifiera hur den kunskapen kan omsättas i praktiken genom utveckling och implementering av MTO-anpassade lösningar i samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker, 3) att empiriskt exemplifiera hur former för participation kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete genom analys och syntes av process och resultat.Forskningsprojektet har bedrivits med en interaktiv ansats. Den interaktiva ansatsen har gjort det möjligt att belysa samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker på ett verklig-hetsnära och realistiskt sätt under fyra projektfaser fördelade över en femårsperiod.Den inledande projektfasen innebar en diagnostisering av problematiken. Ett antal åtgärdsförslag presenterades av forskargruppen och ledde vidare till ett forskarstött ut-vecklingsarbete under en andra projektfas då ett underlag till olika förbättringsåtgärder arbetades fram. Detta inbegrep utveckling av såväl teknisk som arbetsorganisatorisk ka-raktär för att åstadkomma effektiva och hälsosamma arbetsprocesser för brevbärare inom postutdelningsverksamheten. I en tredje projektfas testades och utvärderades hela åtgärdspaketet genom implementering på ett pilotkontor. I en fjärde och sista projektfas implementerades förbättringsåtgärderna på samtliga 602 postutdelningskontor i landet och forskarna gjorde en utvärdering.Resultaten visar hur man genom att anlägga ett MTO-perspektiv i förändringsarbete ökar möjligheterna att få klarhet i vilka faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten i ett pro-duktionssystem i sin helhet. Den tvärvetenskapliga forskningssatsningen i kombination med samverkan forskare/praktiker visade sig vara en förutsättning för att skapa förståel-se för interaktionen mellan M-T-O-komponenterna. Avhandlingen visar vidare hur olika former för participation i praktiken kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete både vad gäller process och resultat. Den utförliga redogörelsen för interventionsprocessen, forskarrollens skiftande karaktär samt hindrande och främjande faktorer för forskarstött förändringsarbete, utgör andra viktiga kunskapsbidrag.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived Quality Evaluation with the Use of Extended Reality
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:1, s. 1993-2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If designers want to communicate quality aspects of the product, there is a need to bring these characteristics into the measurable space of perceived quality (PQ) attributes. To illustrate the solution for designers' dilemma of the “best design choice” in this study we applied the PQ attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method, with the example of a bread toaster. We choose for evaluation three PQ attributes which can significantly influence visual quality of a product: Gap, Flush and Parallelism. We performed the experiment measuring subjective preferences over the toaster designs of two respondent's groups - “Designers” and “Customers.” We used sequentially: (i) web-survey (still images); (ii) desktop system; and (iii) fully immersive head-mounted display system (Virtual Reality). Consequently, we conducted a post-experiment survey regarding subjective preferences, related to the PQ communication channels that have been implemented during the study. Our results indicate advantages and drawbacks for each PQ communication method that we applied in this experiment and encourage further research in the area of products' perceived quality assessment.
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| 16. |
- Svenman, Edvard, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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Model based compensation of systematic errors in an inductive gap measurement method
- 2017
-
In: Measurement : Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. - : Elsevier. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 105, s. 17-24
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents an improvement to a recently presented inductive gap measurement method, using a model to reduce systematic errors. Gap measurement is important in laser keyhole welding, where the laser beam and the resulting weld seam are very narrow, requiring high precision in alignment and gap preparation. The previously reported method for gap measurement uses one inductive coil on each side of the gap, each measuring distance to the gap and lift off above a plate, to estimate the position, width and alignment of the gap in a square butt joint. The method can detect zero width gap and shows position error less than 0.1 mm, but gap width and alignment measurement suffer from systematic errors. The improvement is based on a model that is designed to describe these systematic errors as functions of the gap dimensions. The model relies on observations of experimental data, and is calibrated to a small set of measurements. Using the model with the initial estimate of the gap dimensions to compensate the coil measurements, an improved estimate of the gap dimensions can be calculated. The errors in the compensated results are within 0.1 mm except for gap width, which still suffers from the effect of combined gap width and misalignment.
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| 17. |
-
INNOTRACK: Concluding technical report
- 2010
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The track structure, rails, switches and crossings account for more than 50% of maintenance and renewal costs for the rail industry. To improve the competitiveness of rail transportation, the cost-efficiency of these areas needs to be addressed.This the background to INNOTRACK, an integrated research project funded by the European Commission’s 6th research framework pro- gramme. Running from September 2006 to December 2009, INN- OTRACK has developed a multitude of innovative solutions in the areas of track substructure, rails & welds, and switches & crossings. The solutions have been assessed from technical, logistics and life cycle cost point of views.This Concluding Technical Report of INNOTRACK includes an overview of the project. It further details implementable results, and clusters them into ”highlight” areas. In addition, the book acts as a ”key” to the vast amount of information from INNOTRACK: All sections refer to project reports where more information can be found.
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| 18. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(author)
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Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
- 2015
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In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al.
(author)
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Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Elg, Mattias, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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The Future of Work for Quality Management – Challenges in the Digitalized Era
- 2018
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose Digitalization provides both challenges and opportunities for Quality Management (QM). The purpose of this paper is to identify challenges induced by digitalization on current QM practices, in order to uncover the potential of how QM may support digitalization in organizations. This issue is addressed through an analytical framework that stresses two dimensions: first exploration and exploitation of digitalized QM processes and second value creation, which is performed by the customer or in interaction facilitated by the provider. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a cross-case study design with interview data collected from 33 quality management professionals in four large Swedish organizations. Findings Six different challenges and corresponding roles are proposed for QM: The gardener involved in the design of the many different currently utilized technologies; the bridge-builder - a role that connects implemented digitalized solutions that enable the movement from human-to-human to a human-to-digital interface; the assistant a contributor to better value in the customer sphere for already implemented digitalized solutions; the architect including planning, designs, and reviews together with many different stakeholders; the connector focusing on the continuous management of value-in-use and open up for opportunities for continuous interaction and value-adding; and explorer drawing attention towards the challenges of the existing power structures. Originality/value This paper contributes with empirical evidence on challenges induced by digitalization, an area often discussed but not as often studied empirically. Further, the study identifies challenges of digitalization affecting both exploitative and explorative practices throughout an organisations value-creation process.
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| 23. |
- Javidi Shirvan, Alireza
(author)
-
Modelling of cathode-plasma interaction in short high-intensity electric arc : Application to Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
- 2016
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In arc welding the quality of the weld is strongly influenced by the thermal history of the workpiece which is itself governed by the electric arc heat source. The models for predicting weld properties thus need a good evaluation of the distribution of the heat input from thearc to the workpiece. To have a predictive model of arc heat source it is necessary to take into account the cathode and its coupling with the plasma. The coupling allows to calculate the temperature and current density distributions along the cathode surface rather than prescribing them. This thesis focuses on the arc-cathode coupling for a plasma assumed to be in local thermal equilibrium. A self-consistent coupling boundary model for high-intensity electric arc on a refractory cathode (thoriated tungsten) was developed accounting for the physics of the sub-layers of the cathode layer and the non-uniformity of the cathode surface physical state. The cathode layer model accounts for the non-equilibria in the cathode layer. It was tested in one-dimensional calculations and then extended to a cathode-plasma coupling boundary condition for gas tungsten arc implemented in OpenFOAM. Different modelling assumptions commonly used for developing the model were questioned and investigated. It was checked that the secondary electron emission is negligible compared to the effect of emitted electrons and ions. It was verified that it is justified to neglect the space charge of emitted electron when calculating the cathode surface electric field. It was verified that Richardson-Dushman electron emission law supplemented with Schottky correction is used within its domain of validity in GTA applications even for low work function emitters. It was shown that the radiative absorption of the cathode surface is not negligible compared to the radiative emission. The cathode layer model was also further developed to take into account the in homogeneity of the cathode material. It was shown that the cathode in homogeneityhas a significant effect on the size of the arc attachment and consequently on the cathode surface and the plasma temperature. Good agreement was obtained with the measured cathode surface and plasma temperatures without imposing any adjustable parameters. The results showed that the proposed model, which is only based on physical principles, is ableto predict the trends observed experimentally.
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| 24. |
- Wärmefjord, Kristina, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Welding of non-nominal geometries : physical tests
- 2016
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In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 43, s. 136-141
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The geometrical quality of a welded assembly is to some extent depending part positions before welding. Here, a design of experiment is set up in order to investigate this relation using physical tests in a controlled environment. Based on the experimental results it can be concluded that the influence of part position before welding is significant for geometrical deviation after welding. Furthermore, a working procedure for a completely virtual geometry assurance process for welded assemblies is outlined. In this process, part variations, assembly fixture variations and welding induced variations are important inputs when predicting the capability of the final assembly.
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| 25. |
- Stylidis, Kostas, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Perceived quality of products: a framework and attributes ranking method
- 2020
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In: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 31:1, s. 37-67
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Perceived quality is one of the most critical aspects of product development that defines the successful design. This paper presents a new approach to perceived quality assessment by examining its elements, decomposed into a structure with the bottom-up sensory approach from the level of basic (‘ground’) attributes, covering almost every aspect of quality perception from the engineering viewpoint. The paper proposes a novel method for perceived quality attributes relative importance ranking, resulting in the balanced perceived quality of the final product within the given conditions. The proposed method helps to reach the equilibrium of the product’s quality equation from the perspective of design effort, time, and costs estimations. The authors introduce the Perceived Quality Framework (PQF), which is the taxonomy system for perceived quality attributes and the core of the attributes importance ranking (PQAIR) method. The research outcomes are based on findings of the qualitative exploratory study, including European and North American premium and luxury automotive manufacturers. An empirical structural validity test was performed to assess the usability and rigour of the proposed method. The results indicate that perceived quality evaluation can be significantly improved during all stages of product development.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Gharaibeh, Lina, et al.
(author)
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Supply Chain Digitalization in the Wood Manufacturing Industry : A Bibliometric Literature Review
- 2022
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In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press. - 2352-751X .- 2352-7528. - 9781643682686 ; 21, s. 617-628
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract. The wood manufacturing industry has been described as slow in adoptingefficiency increasing activities in its operations and supply chain, the industry is stillfacing challenges relating to digitalization such as fragmentation, poor traceability,and lack of real-time information. The integration of industry 4.0 technologies canenhance the supply chain performance in terms of efficiency, collaboration, quality,and transparency. This paper aims to evaluate the current status of digitalization insupply chains, by analysing the existing literature and mapping research trends. in anaim to create a clearer vision of the current state of digitalization in supply chains ingeneral and focusing on the wood manufacturing supply chain in particular, theresults of the literature review will be used to develop a comprehensive frameworkfor future research direction, to fully achieve the benefits of supply chain 4.0 in thewood manufacturing industry. This framework serves as a departure point to continueexplaining and observing the best way to accelerate and implement Supply Chain 4.0practices for digitalized supply chain management while focusing specifically on thewood manufacturing industry. To achieve the overall purpose, a literature review ofthe key literature from 2016 to 2021 has been performed. using a bibliometric andcontent review analysis, the results shed light on various technologies and theirapplications within supply chains and identify research gaps especially betweentheoretical frameworks and actual implementation. This paper provides a conceptualframework to further aid researchers in the exploration of knowledge regarding themost current trends in Supply Chain 4.0 and its applications in the woodmanufacturing industry compared to other advanced industries, as well as thedirections of the new research in the wood manufacturing Supply Chain 4.0.
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| 28. |
- Källström, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Vibration-based Condition Monitoring of Heavy Duty Machine Driveline Parts : Torque Converter, Gearbox, Axles and Bearings
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management. - : PHM Society. - 2153-2648. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As more features are added to the heavy duty construction equipment, its complexity increases and early fault detection of certain components becomes more challenging due to too many fault codes generated when a failure occurs. Hence, the need to complement the present onboard diagnostic methods with more sophisticated diagnostic methods for adequate condition monitoring of the heavy duty construction equipment in order to improve uptime. Major components of the driveline (such as the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axles) are such components. Failure of these major components of the driveline may results in the machine standing still until a repair is scheduled. In this paper, vibration based condition monitoring methods are presented with the purpose to provide a diagnostic framework possible to implement onboard for monitoring of critical driveline parts in order to reduce service cost and improve uptime. For the development of this diagnostic framework, sensor data from the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axles are considered. Further, the feature extraction of the data collected has been carried out using adequate signal processing methods, which includes, Adaptive Line Enhancer, Order Power Spectrum respectively. In addition, Bayesian learning was utilized for adaptively learning of the extracted features for deviation detection. Bayesian learning is a powerful prediction method as it combines the prior information with knowlegde measured to make update. The results indicate that the vibration properties of the gearbox, torque converter, bearings and axle are relevant for early fault detection of the driveline. Furthermore, vibration provide information about the internal features of these components for detecting deviations from normal behavior.In this way, the developed methods may be implemented onboard for the continuous monitoring of these critical driveline parts of the heavy duty construction equipment so that if their health starts to degrade a service and/or repair may be scheduled well in advance of a potential failure and in that way the downtime of a machine may be reduced and costly replacements and repairs avoided.
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| 29. |
- Salunkhe, Omkar, 1990, et al.
(author)
-
Review of Current Status and Future Directions for Collaborative and Semi-Automated Automotive Wire Harnesses Assembly
- 2023
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 120, s. 696-701
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Wire harnesses are vital for any modern automotive vehicle. They control the basic functions in a vehicle, for example, windshield wipers and critical functions such as sensors, cameras, and autopilot functions. Thus, the quality of wire harness assembly is highly important. Today, wire harnesses are usually assembled manually, which creates unergonomic and tedious working conditions for operators. Traditional and collaborative industrial robots have been identified as possible solutions to overcome challenges faced by operators in this type of assembly. The international research community has proposed many solutions for automating the assembly of wire harnesses in automotive vehicles but despite these solutions, the industry has not been able to adopt a method to automate this assembly process fully or partially. This paper presents a review of findings on robot-assisted wire harness assembly processes based on a systematic literature review. Specifically, the assembly of wire harnesses in Electric Vehicles (EVs). The state-of-the-art review focuses on solutions to improve unergonomic work situations and ensure the quality of assembly operations. Best practices and reasons for the lack of extensive implementation in automotive final assembly systems are described. Further, the paper presents suggestions based on success stories where the automation of the wire harness assembly in automotive vehicles has been realised by leveraging human-centred automation solutions. Based on the findings, this paper identifies the research for future study. The findings also indicate that there is already technology that can support the automation of wire harness assembly processes in EVs but it is crucial to identify the human aspects and the role of humans in the assembly of wire harness assembly process.
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| 30. |
- Devotta, Ashwin Moris, 1984-, et al.
(author)
-
Simulation-Based Product Development Framework for Cutting Tool Geometry Design
- 2019
-
In: Conference Proceedings. - : Stellenbosch University. - 9780797217799 ; , s. 47-52
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cutting tool geometry design has traditionally relied on experimental studies; while engineering simulations, to the level of industrial deployment, have been developed only in the last couple of decades. With the development of simulation capability across length scales from micro to macro,cutting tool geometry development includes engineering data development for its efficient utilization. This calls for the design of a simulation-based approach in the design of cutting tool geometry so that the engineering data can be generated for different machining applications (e.g.digital twin). In this study, the needs for engineering model development of different stages of cutting tool design evaluation is assessed. To this end, some of the previously developed engineering models have been evaluated for evaluation of chip form morphology in industrially relevant nose turning process, work piece material behavior modeling and damage modeling for the prediction of chip shape morphology. The study shows the possibility for the developed models to act as building blocks of a digital twin. It also shows the need for engineering model development for different aspects of cutting tool design, its advantages, limitations, and prospects.
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| 31. |
- Adlemo, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Automatic generation of fuzzy inference rules in a reshoring decision context
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019. - : OSCM. - 9786027060470
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a decision-support system for reshoring decision-making based on fuzzy logic. The construction and functionality of the decision-support system is briefly outlined and evaluated in a highcost environment contemplating six specific decision criteria, namely cost, quality, time, flexibility, innovation and sustainability. A major challenge with fuzzy logic solutions has to do with the construction of the fuzzy inference rules. In the relocation domain, the fuzzy inference rules represent the knowledge and competence of relocation experts and they are usually created manually by the same experts. One obstacle is that the complexity of the fuzzy inference rules increases with the number of decision criteria. To overcome this complexity issue, this paper presents a solution whereby the fuzzy inference rules are automatically generated by applying one hundred reshoring scenarios as input data. The reshoring decision recommendations produced by the fuzzy logic decision-support system are demonstrated to be close to those of human reshoring domain experts.
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| 32. |
- Manfredsson, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Involving Suppliers In A Lean Training Program
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019, OSCM, 2019. - OSCM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcomes of a manufacturer involving its suppliers in their lean training program. A single in-depth case study is conducted to examine a lean training program that was offered by Scania to five suppliers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at Scania and these suppliers to explore the outcomes of the training program. The interview findings were triangulated by completing observations and focus groups at the suppliers. Four main outcomes are identified after the completion of the training program. First, the suppliers became easier to collaborate with due to better internal ways of working and more trust in terms of reliability. Second, the suppliers improved their ability to identify possible problems that could jeopardize deliveries. Third, the suppliers improved their delivery precision. Fourth and finally, financially unstable suppliers were less perceptive to the lean training program than financially stable suppliers. This study also proposes avenues for future research.
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| 33. |
- Panova, Yulia, et al.
(author)
-
Logistics Setups in a Third Generation Port
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019. - OSCM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the feasibility of different logistics solutions, or so-called setups, in a third-generation port. To achieve this, a simulation model imitating the work of a real thirdgeneration port was developed. Four experiments with different logistics setups (the size and number of shipped consignments to the port, dispatching time, deployed truck fleet, etc.). have been configured and evaluated in the simulation model. The research shows that effective material transfer from the plant to the port can be provided, if a pull- system is applied instead of traditional push-system. This approach allows goods to be delivered just-in-time with the minimum costs of labour and material resources.
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| 34. |
- Reitsma, Ewout, et al.
(author)
-
Performing Supply Chain Design Activities during Product Development Projects : A Systematic Literature Review
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019. - OSCM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this research is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the supply chain design (SCD) activities that an OEM can perform when developing new products. This purpose is realized by systematically examining peer-reviewed journal articles written in English. The search strategy adopted in this research is based on selected databases and keywords. Crossreferencing is used to identify additional relevant articles. This resulted in a synthesis sample of 93 relevant articles. From this synthesis sample, a set of SCD activities that can be performed by OEMs during product development projects are extracted. These activities are discussed by using a subset articles (47) from the synthesis sample.
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| 35. |
- Sequeira, Movin, et al.
(author)
-
Applying Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process to Reshoring Decisions with Complexity and Uncertainty
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019, OSCM, 2019. - OSCM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reshoring decisions are associated with both high complexity and uncertainty. The increased complexity is due to the vast number of factors that need to be considered, while the uncertainty is due to the lack of sufficient information. The existing decision-making frameworks are few and theoretical and have not incorporated uncertainty and complexity aspects. Moreover, they do not provide automatic or digital decision support. In order to deal with this, one of the essential branches of mathematics called fuzzy logic is integrated together with traditional analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) as a tool for reshoring decision making when complexity and uncertainty are involved. In order to achieve this, the FAHP was applied to six reshoring criteria, which also correspond to competitive priorities. The findings show that the criterion Quality received the highest weight, followed by the criterion Cost. It was found that the criterion Sustainability resulted in zero priority weight, which means that this criterion was not given importance in this decision. This reduced the complexity of the decision by removing irrelevant criteria in decision making. The fuzzy sets used for pairwise comparisons also incorporated uncertainty in the decision. The FAHP is a feasible tool for reshoring decision making for most of the decision scenarios. This reshoring decision-making tool is automatic, simple and less time consuming, and can be adapted to suit unique reshoring cases.
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| 36. |
- Sequeira, Movin, et al.
(author)
-
Feasibility of Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Tool for Reshoring Decisions
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Operations and Supply Chain Management, Vietnam, 2019. - OSCM : OSCM.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reshoring decision making is least explored as these decisions are complex and timeconsuming. Numerous quantitative and qualitative criteria need to be considered in the decision-making. The existing decision-making tools are few and theoretical and lack automatic decision support capabilities. Therefore, there is a need of automatic and rapid decision support tool for reshoring decision making. One of the more well-known systematic decision-making tools is analytical hierarchy process (AHP) that has been used to handle complex decision problems in operations management domain. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of AHP as a tool for reshoring decision-making. In order to achieve this, the AHP was applied to six reshoring criteria on an overall level, which also correspond to competitive priorities. First, a hierarchy of criteria was constructed, then the pairwise comparison of each criteria pair was made, then the final priority weights of the criteria were calculated, and finally the consistency of the comparisons was checked. The criteria Quality and Cost obtained higher priority weights in reshoring decision. Later, the final priority weights of the criteria were used to evaluate fifteen different reshoring decision scenarios and compared against reshoring expert’s opinion. It was found that thirteen of these decision evaluations were correct on comparing the AHP outputs and the expert’s opinion. Only two of the evaluations were not in agreement, however the confidence values on these decisions were very small. Therefore, this research shows that AHP is a feasible tool for reshoring decision making on an overall level of criteria. The tool can be adapted to different decision makers and different reshoring types. The tool provides automatic support for reshoring decisions.
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| 37. |
- Ericson Öberg, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Diagnostics of Opportunities – A Dialogue Tool for Addressing Digital Factory Maturity
- 2024
-
In: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation andWork Integrated Learning. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 395-406
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For over 15 years, the concept of Industry 4.0, now transitioning into Industry 5.0, has been a focal point for the manufacturing sector. Yet, the success of companies in embracing digital transformation varies. There are numerous models and assessment tools for assessing digital readiness and maturity. Several models have been developed over the years, but firms also realize no "one-size-fits-all" exists when testing them. Previous studies show that firms must take charge of their own digital transformation (DT) journey to find a path that suits their specific needs.This qualitative paper is driven by a case study supported by a within-case analysis conducted with a heavy-machine industry with fourteen production plants worldwide – data collected from 2020 to 2023. Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE), created Factory 4 Tomorrow (F4T) to address Industry 4.0. The central challenge for the F4T initiative was how to facilitate an inside-outside approach to identify an inclusive maturity model that emphasizes learning and collaboration. A diagnostic of opportunities model was created to aid the organisation’s transformation journey. It aimed to support all plants by evaluating their maturity in digital transformation, identifying gaps, and support in prioritising. Unlike traditional models that assess and compare plant levels, this model aimed to foster awareness and alignment, establishing a shared language. Thus, a unique model was explicitly crafted for the firm. The process of developing the model itself enhanced awareness and alignment. Therefore, this paper explores the development process - failures and successes - to compile a digital transformation maturity model tailor-made to a firm’s needs and goals. The objective is to offer comprehensive advice for firms to implement DT initiatives effectively in a way that suits them.
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| 38. |
- Hiort af Ornäs, Viktor
(author)
-
The Significance of Things : Affective User-Artefact Relations
- 2010
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Products help people act, but also thrill, excite, and elicit fear, joy and anger. Artefacts are a natural part of people’s everyday lives, sometimes associated with values, dreams and aspirations. While traditional user-centred approaches have focused on efficiency and effectiveness of use, injury prevention etc. new approaches focusing on product experience have emerged. However, while increased attention is being paid to the experiential side of goods and services there remains a need for knowledge and methodology with which to address experiences with things, especially with regard to elicitation, specification and evaluation of requirements. This project has therefore taken an exploratory qualitative approach, aiming to elucidate what it is that people find significant in experiences with products. 159 participants in six different studies have shared descriptions of experiences with things. The studies have come from different perspectives, triangulating data collected in individual and group interviews with self-reports. The analysis indicates that things often matter not in terms of their mere presence or physical properties, but by standing out from expectations, requiring attention or referring to some idea. Often the significance of products lay in the role(s) they play in events, and the perceived impact the thing has on the person’s ability to realise motives. While only a fraction of all experiences with things could be prescribed in product development it is possible to scaffold conditions that increase or decrease their likelihood. Three perspectives that could potentially be addressable in development work are: significant things and associated meanings, significance in use and significance of consequences beyond use. These imply somewhat different objectives for design and different needs for knowledge. User experience is not a property or quality of an artefact, but a perspective that can to some extent be addressed by enabling developers to identify requirements and align their understanding with what users find significant.
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| 39. |
- Hemlin, Sven, 1948, et al.
(author)
-
Organizational support for innovation in biosciences: Comparing high and low performers in Sweden and Croatia
- 2009
-
In: European Sociological Association, ESA 9th conference, 2-5 September, 2009, Lisbon.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- There is a need to better understand the organizational factors influencing innovative performance. This cross-cultural study examined organizational support factors in biotech R&D groups differing in innovative performance. The objective was to twofold; first to explore how organizing influences innovativeness in R&D, and, second to examine if R&D organizing is related to nations having a low and high innovation degree, respectively. Results supported that organizing R&D as well as national innovation performance are related. Crucial organizational issues found were how much organizations encouraged innovations, the degree of perceived autonomy and to what extent organizations could supply knowledge. Some of the implications of these results are introduced.
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| 40. |
- Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al.
(author)
-
Enabling Industrial Mixed Reality Using Digital Continuity : An Experiment Within Remanufacturing
- 2022
-
In: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 497-507
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the digitalisation era, overlaying digital, contextualised information on top of the physical world is essential for an efficient operation. Mixed reality (MR) is a technology designed for this purpose, and it is considered one of the critical drivers of Industry 4.0. This technology has proven to have multiple benefits in the manufacturing area, including improving flexibility, efficacy, and efficiency. Among the challenges that prevent the big-scale implementation of this technology, there is the authoring challenge, which we address by answering the following research questions: (1) “how can we fasten MR authoring in a manufacturing context?” and (2) “how can we reduce the deployment time of industrial MR experiences?”. This paper presents an experiment performed in collaboration with Volvo within the remanufacturing of truck engines. MR seems to be more valuable for remanufacturing than for many other applications in the manufacturing industry, and the authoring challenge appears to be accentuated. In this experiment, product lifecycle management (PLM) tools are used along with internet of things (IoT) platforms and MR devices. This joint system is designed to keep the information up-to-date and ready to be used when needed. Having all the necessary data cascading from the PLM platform to the MR device using IoT prevents information silos and improves the system’s overall reliability. Results from the experiment show how the interconnection of information systems can significantly reduce development and deployment time. Experiment findings include a considerable increment in the complexity of the overall IT system, the need for substantial investment in it, and the necessity of having highly qualified IT staff. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic approach to the design of industrial MR experiences.
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| 41. |
- Kurdve, Martin, 1971, et al.
(author)
-
Development of the urban and industrial symbiosis in western Mälardalen
- 2018
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 73, s. 96-101
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From a product service systems business model development perspective, this paper presents a case study of Västra Mälardalens industrial symbiosis, its maturity level and potentials for further development. The status and potentials of the symbiosis network, based on a survey, interviews and workshops, together with background statistics, is used to evaluate the potential improvement areas and suggest future research. The study contributes with application of evaluation models and confirms earlier research and in addition suggests future research in the field. The Symbiosis network has potential to be acting as innovation catalyst supporting companies to go beyond core business development.
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| 42. |
- Chronéer, Diana, et al.
(author)
-
Systems Thinking Benefits in Supply Change Management : An illustration of the viable systems model in a supply chain
- 2009
-
In: International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1740-8865 .- 1740-8873. ; 6:3/4, s. 227-248
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Existing product development models are solely an organisational matter. They do not take into consideration the whole Supply chain (SC) and its different actors. In this article, we investigate how Supply Chain Management and Viable System Model (VSM) can support and create an effective use of information in product development and hence identify critical linkages in the SC. The aim is to introduce VSM as a framework that enables an analysis of companies’ SCs and visualise vital inter-organisational relationships that should be integrated in product development.
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| 43. |
- Landström, Anna, 1990, et al.
(author)
-
A life cycle approach to business performance measurement systems
- 2018
-
In: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 2351-9789. ; 25, s. 126-133, s. 126-133
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Virtually every company has implemented a Business Performance Measurement System (BPMS) with the purpose of monitoring production and business performance and to execute the corporate strategy at all levels in a company. The purpose of this article is to shed light on common pitfalls related to the practical use of BPMS and further to present a life cycle model with the purpose of introducing structured approach to avoiding the pitfalls. The article contributes to further development of the BPMS life cycle concept and practical examples of how it can be used.
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| 44. |
- Bergström, Gustav, et al.
(author)
-
Evaluating the layout quality of UML class diagrams using machine learning
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212. ; 192
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- UML is the de facto standard notation for graphically representing software. UML diagrams are used in the analysis, construction, and maintenance of software systems. Mostly, UML diagrams capture an abstract view of a (piece of a) software system. A key purpose of UML diagrams is to share knowledge about the system among developers. The quality of the layout of UML diagrams plays a crucial role in their comprehension. In this paper, we present an automated method for evaluating the layout quality of UML class diagrams. We use machine learning based on features extracted from the class diagram images using image processing. Such an automated evaluator has several uses: (1) From an industrial perspective, this tool could be used for automated quality assurance for class diagrams (e.g., as part of a quality monitor integrated into a DevOps toolchain). For example, automated feedback can be generated once a UML diagram is checked in the project repository. (2) In an educational setting, the evaluator can grade the layout aspect of student assignments in courses on software modeling, analysis, and design. (3) In the field of algorithm design for graph layouts, our evaluator can assess the layouts generated by such algorithms. In this way, this evaluator opens up the road for using machine learning to learn good layouting algorithms. Approach.: We use machine learning techniques to build (linear) regression models based on features extracted from the class diagram images using image processing. As ground truth, we use a dataset of 600+ UML Class Diagrams for which experts manually label the quality of the layout. Contributions.: This paper makes the following contributions: (1) We show the feasibility of the automatic evaluation of the layout quality of UML class diagrams. (2) We analyze which features of UML class diagrams are most strongly related to the quality of their layout. (3) We evaluate the performance of our layout evaluator. (4) We offer a dataset of labeled UML class diagrams. In this dataset, we supply for every diagram the following information: (a) a manually established ground truth of the quality of the layout, (b) an automatically established value for the layout-quality of the diagram (produced by our classifier), and (c) the values of key features of the layout of the diagram (obtained by image processing). This dataset can be used for replication of our study and others to build on and improve on this work. Editor's note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Öberg, Anna, 1979, et al.
(author)
-
The right evaluation method - an enabler for process improvement
- 2013
-
In: International Conference on Joining Materials, 5-8 May 2013, Helsingor. - : JOM-Institute.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper aims at describing the procedure where an alternative evaluation process was developed to support the improvement of both welding and weld quality evaluation. Welded structures are important when striving for reduced fuel consumption due to vehicle weight. Hence good control of the fabrication process is critical to keep welding performance on target, avoiding waste in terms of added weight and overproduction. The resulting distribution of weld weight has shown to be an important control parameter in the sense of keeping cost down.To identify the causes for deviations between actual and theoretical weld weight, information about the weld was needed. The currently used evaluation method showed not to be capable of giving the information needed. It was necessary to know the throat size as well as weld geometry. The current evaluation method introduced more variation due to the measurement than the actual fabrication process itself, leading to drift of process target and overproduction.To fulfil the need of information, that different functions within the company had, a PULL-approach was used. The information need, information presentation and sequence were outlined for each information receiver individually. An alternative measurement method was developed and named WIA – Weld Impression Analysis. The method consists of two parts; creating the replica and analysing the shape in an image analysis program.The method was tested to see if it was capable of delivering accurate and precise measurements, satisfying repeatability and reproducibility requirements for this particular situation. A thorough measurement system analysis was carried out. The measurement system assigned 98.98% of the total variation to part-to-part variation corresponding to long-term process variation. The variation that stems from taking the impressions and preparing them was as well investigated, also showing satisfying results. Finally it was investigated if the impressions reflect the true shape of the welds accurately. The results showed a tendency of slightly higher cross sectional areas in the range of 0-3 %. This however indicated that the accuracy of the measurement system was sufficient for its purpose.The PULL-approach generated a sufficient method which enabled the possibility to perform process improvement and gain large production cost savings.
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| 47. |
- Kurdve, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
Can Social Sustainability Values be Incorporated in a Product Service System for Temporary Public Building Modules?
- 2017
-
In: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 64, s. 193-198
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The temporary constructions industry has cost efficiency and sustainability challenges that may require new innovative business models as well as product and processes. This paperaims to discuss how social sustainability services can be included in product service system (PSS)by investigating a case where employment is offered in distributed temporary building module manufacturing in the PSS context. The case has been evaluated against PSS literature. Recent reviews and literature on inclusion of social sustainability and PSS for buildings were used. It is concluded that the current concept fits basic definitions of PSS although it is not typical. The social value of employment is difficult to evaluate and inclusion in PSS needs further research. Design practice could be used to further develop the services in the studied concept. © 2017 The Authors.
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| 48. |
- Wlazlak, Paraskeva, et al.
(author)
-
Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)-supplier integration to prepare for production ramp-up
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 30:2, s. 506-530
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Although prior research provides evidence that production ramp-up is often disrupted by supplier-related problems, it fails to discuss how the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and various types of suppliers integrate their functions and operations to secure preparations for production ramp-up. The purpose of this paper is to investigate OEM–supplier integration in a new product development (NPD) project to prepare for production ramp-up.Design/methodology/approach: The results presented in this paper are based on a real-time, longitudinal study of a single collaborative NPD project in the mechanical engineering industry. The NPD project involves seven suppliers and it is carried out in a large Swedish company (the OEM) and fits the theory-elaborating approach of this research.Findings: This study argues that the aspect of timing in OEM–supplier integration, the OEM’s research and development (R&D) attitude toward collaboration and the OEM’s (R&D) operating procedure are challenges affecting the preparation for production ramp-up. The following three mechanisms to facilitate OEM–supplier integration in order to prepare for production ramp-up are also discussed: the mediator’s role, the OEM’s face-to-face meeting at the project level and suppliers’ formal face-to-face meetings with the OEM and internally.Originality/value: This paper elaborates on and extends prior research on production ramp-up by conducting an empirical analysis that incorporates supplier integration in NPD. It bridges the gap between the literature on production ramp-up and on supplier integration in NPD and clearly indicates that supplier integration is an important prerequisite for successful production ramp-up.
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| 49. |
- Fu, Qilin, et al.
(author)
-
Anti-vibration Engineering in Internal Turning Using a Carbon Nanocomposite Damping Coating Produced by PECVD Process
- 2014
-
In: Journal of materials engineering and performance (Print). - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1059-9495 .- 1544-1024. ; 23:2, s. 506-517
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Machining dynamic stability has been enhanced through a damping coating based on a novel carbon-based nanocomposite material. The coating was synthesized using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, and deposited on to the round-shank boring bar used for internal turning and tested during machining. Comparisons between an uncoated and a coated boring bar were carried out at 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm depth of cut using a five times length to diameter ratio overhang, which are typical conditions known to generate detrimental mechanical vibrations. From sound pressure measurement it was found that the measured absolute sound level during process could be reduced by about 90% when using the tool coated with damping layer. Surface roughness measurements of the processed workpiece showed decreased Ra values from approximately 3-6 mu m to less than 2 mu m (and in 50% of the cases < 1 mu m) when comparing an uncoated standard tool with its coated counterpart. Moreover, it was found that the addition of an anti-vibration coating did not adversely affect other tool properties, such as rigidity and modularity.
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| 50. |
- Ribeiro, Luis, et al.
(author)
-
Industrial Agents for the Fast Deployment of Evolvable Assembly Systems
- 2015. - 1st ed.
-
In: Industrial Agents. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 9780128003411 ; , s. 301-321, s. 301-322
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current manufacturing scenario is characterized by high market unpredictability. Agility is therefore a central challenge for modern companies that need to understand and be proactive towards their product offer in respect to “what is offered, when it is offered, where, how and by whom” (Brown & Bessant 2003).The “what” and the “when” are particularly relevant to the research in emerging paradigms as they account for variety, customization and volume; and timing, speed and seasonality (Brown & Bessant 2003).In this scenario, several design approaches and models have been proposed in the last decade to enable re-configurability and subsequently enhance the companies’ ability to adjust their offer in nature and time.From a paradigmatic point of view research has concentrated on the organizational structure of the shop-floor and the associated controls aspects. Concepts like Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) (Koren & Shpitalni 2010) and Fractal Factories (FF) (Montreuil 1999) support the physical construction of production systems by regulating their layout and making a few assumptions on their logical organization. On the other hand, concepts like Bionic Manufacturing Systems (BMS)(Ueda 1992), Holonic Manufacturing Systems (HMS)(Van Brussel et al. 1998), Evolvable Assembly Systems (Ribeiro et al. 2010) essentially provide the theoretical guidelines for the logical/computational organization of the system (see (Tharumarajah 1996) for a comparison between BMS, HMS and FF and (Setchi & Lagos 2004) for the rationale supporting the shift from Dedicated Lines to Flexible Manufacturing System and finally RMS).While these paradigms provide the conceptual framework and the main design guidelines their actual interpretation and implementation has led to a wider set of architectures (Monostori, Váncza & Kumara 2006; Leitão 2009; Parunak 2000; Pěchouček & Mařík 2008).These architectures align the high-level principles with the technological offer and limitations while seeking to address the re-configurability requirements of (Mehrabi, Ulsoy & Koren 2000; Rösiö & Säfsten 2013):module mobility – modules are easy and quick to move and install;“diagnosability” – it is quick to identify the sources of quality and reliability problems;“integrability” – modules are easy to integrate into the rest of the system.“convertibility” – it is easy and quick to switch between existing products and it is easy to adapt the system to future products;scalability – it is easy to enlarge and downsize the production system;“automatibility” – a dynamic level of automation is enabled;modularity – all system elements are designed to be modular;customization – the capability and flexibility of the production system is designed according to the products to be produced in the system.Instant deployment, as addressed in the present chapter directly addresses mobility, “integrability”, “convertibility”, scalability and customization. Mechatronic modularity is a prerequisite and is enforced by the proposed architecture and the considered modular design. “Diagnosability” was not specifically tackled.In this context, the chapter analyses the agent-based architecture related with the Instantly Deployable Evolvable Assembly System (IDEAS) project that is inspired by the Evolvable Assembly System (EAS) paradigm (Ribeiro et al. 2010) as a mechanism to enable fast deployment of mechatronic modules. EAS advocates the use of process-oriented modules and envisions the production system as a collection of processes and the associated interacting agents.The architecture and the related test cases are used to draw the main lessons learned in respect to technological and conceptual implications.In this context, the remainder of this text is organized as follows: section 1.1 discusses the main deployment challenges, section 1.2 details the reference architecture and associated concepts, section 1.3 presents the principal implementation decisions, section 1.4 features the main lessons learned, sections 1.5 discusses the benefits of the proposed approach and finally section 1.6 reflects on the main conclusions.
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