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- Stocklassa, B, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of a new X-ray fluorescent analysis technique for the creation of a Nordic hair database : Elemental distributions within the root and the virgin segment of hair fibers
- 2001
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In: JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE. - New York : Society of Cosmetic Chemists. - 0037-9832 .- 1525-7886. ; 117:3, s. 312-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new, non-destructive X-ray fluorescence technique for quantitative estimation of elemental content in biological tissues has been developed. Technical and instrumental characteristics of the ITRAX X-ray spectrometer have been evaluated in relation to the properties of biological samples, i.e., human hair fibers. Thus, attenuation variations of the fluorescent X-rays in the hair bulk mass were demonstrated by analysis of sulfur, calcium, and zinc in a virgin part near the root of one hair fiber with elliptical cross section. By rotation of the hair fiber and successive analyses made of the same part of the hair fiber, the results showed that concentrations of elements varied as functions of the diameter of the analyzed hair volume. Other sources of errors are also discussed. The ITRAX instrument allows for precise, fast, non-destructive, simultaneous, quantitative recording of the detected elements and trace elements down to levels of 1 ppm (mug/g). It was used fur assessment of normal values of physiologically important elements present in hair in a cohort of normal, healthy Swedish, Caucasian individuals. The database constructed from data retrieved from a conceivably homogenous ethnic set of individuals represents, to our knowledge, the first of its kind.
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2. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(author)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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In: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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4. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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A study of changes in everyday mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic : As perceived by people living in Malmö, Sweden
- 2021
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In: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 106, s. 109-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden's strategy to manage the spread of Covid-19 has not included any form of lockdown, in contrast to the approaches adopted by most other countries. Instead, the strategy has been largely based on strong recommendations for society. Even though Sweden has not had any form of lockdown, the Covid-19 pandemic has during a relatively short period of time brought changes for society, significantly disrupting everyday life. The pandemic poses both challenges and opportunities for sustainable future transport, not least public transport provision, supply and use. The purpose of this study is to investigate how changes for society have translated into changes for mobility as an element of everyday life during the early stages of a pandemic. This study draws on a map-based online survey (public participatory GIS) which was purposefully designed to allow people to contribute with their experiences in order to capture how the current situation has affected several different facets of people's everyday life. Results suggest that effects on mobility, such as the possibility to telework, affect different groups differently and may exacerbate existing differences in terms of gender, geography and mobility. In order to mitigate negative effects, transport policy needs to be tailored in order to take these heterogeneities into account. Both spatio-temporal adjustment and modal adjustment were dominant themes for most activities, although the dominance of these themes varied among the activities. Our findings give an indication of both the short and long-term impacts on everyday mobility in the Swedish context, for groups of inhabitants in the city of Malmö. Through deepening our understanding of the processes at play, we suggest eight possible policy responses that can be carefully tailored, both in the interim and into the future.
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5. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Borrowed sizes : A hedonic price approach to the value of network structure in public transport systems
- 2021
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In: Journal of Transport and Land Use. - : University of Minesota. - 1938-7849. ; 14:1, s. 87-103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Property prices are known to be higher in places with high accessibility, such as in proximity to train stations and especially to commuter rail, than in places without this access. This study provides a better understanding of how regional accessibility, through the structure of railway networks, can influence local agglomeration economies by providing accessibility to large labor markets. Previous literature has shown a positive impact of proximity to railway stations on housing prices, and our study adds to the literature by analyzing the impact of network structure. We argue that public transport systems can support the benefits of city networks in line with Alonso’s concept of borrowed sizes (1973). Using network theory to measure accessibility provided by the network, we show that stations that provide accessibility to large labor markets across the region are perceived as more attractive by households. Cities in proximity to other cities are strengthened through their public transport links, which allow agglomeration benefits to be exploited by residents.
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6. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Effekter av tågtrafik i Västra Götaland : Prisutveckling på småhusmarknaden
- 2017
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Rapporten belyser hur småhuspriser i Västra Götaland påverkas av närheten till järnvägsstationer, och består av huvudsakligen två delar. Den första delen av rapporten innehåller en övergripande analys av hur försäljning av småhus har utvecklats i Västra Götaland under perioden 2002-2016, samt en statistisk analys av hela Västra Götaland för 2015 där olika faktorer inkluderas för att analysera prispåverkan. Med hjälp av en så kallad hedonisk prismodell studeras hur närheten till en tågstation påverkar småhusens pris. Den andra delen består av två fallstudier av en mer deskriptiv karaktär. I den första fallstudien studeras fyra orter i Dalsland, av vilka två orter har tillgång till järnvägstrafik och två orter av jämförbar storlek och karaktär inte har det. Den andra fallstudien fokuserar på de nya stationerna i Göta älvdalen som öppnades för trafik under 2012. Det är området närmast stationerna (inom 10 min cykeltur) i respektive ort som är fokus i fallstudierna. Resultaten visar att närheten till tågstationer har en positiv inverkan på småhuspriserna generellt i Västra Götaland. Antalet avgångar har också en positiv inverkan på prisbilden. Samtidigt dras effekten på priserna ned om fastigheten befinner sig alltför nära stationerna, vilket kan förklaras av negativa externa effekter från järnvägen i form av exempelvis buller. Dessa resultat ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. För de två fallstudierna pekar resultaten på att områden med tillgång till tågtrafik har haft en kraftigare prisutveckling. För orterna i Dalsland har de två orterna med tågtrafik haft en större prisutveckling än de två jämförande orterna som bara har busstrafik. Det är dock inte möjligt att säkerställa att detta beror på enbart tågtrafik, utan det kan även finnas andra faktorer som påverkar. Exempelvis går tågtrafiken längs Vänern, varför de två valda stationerna har sjönära lägen, vilket i sig tenderar ha en positiv inverkan på fastighetspriser. För Göta älvdalsstråket kan man se att prisutvecklingen generellt är kraftigare ju närmare Göteborg stationerna ligger. Sammanfattande punkter: • Närhet till tågstation har positiv påverkan på priset på småhus i Västra Götaland • Fler avgångar vid station har positiv inverkan på småhuspriser • Resultat indikerar en kraftigare prisutveckling över tid i orter med tågstationer • Priset för småhus nära stationer påverkas negativt av exempelvis buller.
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7. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Income Inequality as a Determinant of Trade Flows
- 2007
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In: International Journal of Applied Economics. - 1548-0003. ; 4:1, s. 40-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Consumer studies have a long tradition of incorporating non-homothetic preferences in their models, whereas this has been very uncommon in studies of international trade. We use a model from Mitra and Trindade (2005) to set up a gravity model in which we include income distribution measures as explanatory variables for the exporting as well as for the importing countries. Our results indicate that non-homothetic preferences significantly affect both exports and imports.
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9. |
- Bohman, Helena, et al.
(author)
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The impact of regional commuter trains on property values : price segments and income
- 2016
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In: Journal of Transport Geography. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6923 .- 1873-1236. ; 56, s. 102-109
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using single-family home transactions and commuter rail data from 2014, we estimate hedonic price models using two-stage spatial quantile regression to capture variations across price segments. The results are significant and robust across different model specifications and across the different price segments, but the price effect of proximity to a commuter train station is strongest in lower price segments of the housing market. These price segment effects are also valid for proximity to highways, as well as for several other property attributes. Results also reveal that the largest of the three regional labour markets in our study has a greater effect on prices. Furthermore, the study introduces property-specific neighbourhood data from raster data, showing that population density has a negative impact on property prices at the neighbourhood level while population size has a positive impact at the municipal level.
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