| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(author)
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- 2020
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Bidgoli, Ali M., et al.
(author)
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NeuroPIM : Felxible Neural Accelerator for Processing-in-Memory Architectures
- 2023
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In: Proceedings - 2023 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems, DDECS 2023. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350332773 ; , s. 51-56
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of microprocessors under many modern workloads is mainly limited by the off-chip memory bandwidth. The emerging process-in-memory paradigm present a unique opportunity to reduce data movement overheads by moving computation closer to memory. State-of-the-art processing-in-memory proposals stack a logic layer on top of one or multiple memory layers in a 3D fashion and leverage the logic layer to build near-memory processing units. Such processing units are either application-specific accelerators or general-purpose cores. In this paper, we present NeuroPIM, a new processing-in-memory architecture that uses a neural network as the memory-side general-purpose accelerator. This design is mainly motivated by the observation that in many real-world applications, some program regions, or even the entire program, can be replaced by a neural network that is learned to approximate the program's output. NeuroPIM benefits from both the flexibility of general-purpose processors and superior performance of application-specific accelerators. Experimental results show that NeuroPIM provides up to 41% speedup over a processor-side neural network accelerator and up to 8x speedup over a general-purpose processor.
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| 4. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(author)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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In: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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| 5. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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A starch-based pH-sensing and ammonia detector film containing betacyanin of paperflower for application in intelligent packaging of fish
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 191, s. 161-170
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An easy-to-use food packaging label with pH and ammonia sensitivity was developed by adding betacyanin (5, 10 and 15 mg per g of starch) from flowers of paperflower (Bougainvillea glabra) to potato starch film made using the solvent casting method. The betacyanin was well dispersed into the starch matrix and formed new interactions with it as revealed by FTIR. The film containing 15 mg/g of betacyanin showed a color change from light pink to yellow as a response to pH adjustment of between 2 to 13. It was also able to detect the presence of ammonia in a range of 0.1 and 0.01 mg of ammonia per ml of water. Surface hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier capacity of the starch film increased by addition of the betacyanin, yet their mechanical strength decreased in the presence of the betacyanin. The ability of the film in the real-time indication of fish quality as a label was also evaluated during the storage of Caspian sprat at 4 °C. A visual change in the color of the packaging label from pink to yellow in parallel with the increase in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), microbial count of the fish samples was detected. The starch/betacyanin film could be a novel intelligent label for application in food packaging.
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| 6. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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Enzymatic extraction of sulfated polysaccharide from the skin of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and evaluation of its chemical, antioxidant and functional properties
- 2022
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In: Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal. - 1735-4161 .- 2228-5415. ; 18:5, s. 725-738
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction : Bioactive compounds are substances found in small amounts in food. In addition to their influence on human development, these compounds also play a crucial role in reducing diseases in human. Polysaccharides are a group of bioactive compounds that come from a variety of sources. Polysaccharides are macromolecules that are usually composed of more than ten monosaccharides. The constituent monosaccharides are arranged linearly or branched together through glycoside bonds, depending on the length of the chain and the number of constituent monosaccharides. They also have different molecular weight. Polysaccharides, like other essential macromolecules such as proteins and poly-nucleotides in the body, are essential for the flaxseed body's daily activities and play an influential role in cell-cell communication, cell adhesion, and the identification of molecules in the immune system. A group of polysaccharides derived from marine sources are sulfated polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are a broad branch of the resulting polysaccharides. In industrial quantities, sulfated polysaccharides are produced from pig skin and pig bone, and there are some restrictions on the use of these products in some countries. The limitations on the use of these products made from pig waste are the risks of transmitting influenza, as well as the prohibition of pork in some Islāmic countries. In this regard, by-products from seafood processing, which account for about 20 to 50 percent of the initial weight of raw material, are one of the sources that researchers are considering to extract these compounds. Material and Method : After preparation of the by-product, it was covered with ice in a ratio of 1 to 3 and transferred to the laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University. The sample was then washed and then ground. Finally, it was packed in plastic bags and kept in the freezer at-18 ° C until the day of experiment. Then, the enzymatic hydrolysis method and precipitation by ethanol were used to get sulfated polysaccharides. Chemical analyses were performed to determine carbohydrates, sulfates, proteins, and uronic acid content. The FTIR spectrum of extracted sulfate polysaccharide was determined using an FTIR spectrophotometer in the range of 400-4000 cm-1. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of obtained sulfate polysaccharide was assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS free radical scavenging activity, and ferrozine tests. Emulsifying and foaming properties were also evaluated as functional properties. Results and Discussion : In the present study, sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin by pepsin enzyme and its FTIR spectrum, carbohydrate, sulfate, uronic acid and protein were analyzed. The results of the chemical analysis of the extracted polysaccharide showed that the extraction efficiency was 3.23± 0.02%, as well as the percentage of carbohydrate and protein of the obtained polysaccharide was 57.03± 2 2.56, 7.78± 0.43% respectively. Also, the amount of sulfate and uronic acid were 6.54± 0.77 and 3.86± 0.43, respectively. The results of infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of a broad peak in the range between 3350 and 3450 cm-1 for the –OH group and the S=O sulfate flexural band in the range of 1245 cm-1. An increasing and significant trend was observed in different concentrations used for the DPPH test (p <0.05) which had the highest neutralizing power (38.85%) at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. The highest percentage of ABTS radical chelating was observed at a concentration of 4 mg/mm of distilled water with 71.70% (p <0.05). The chelating results of the extracted polysaccharide against ferrous ions showed that the highest chelating percentage was 98.43% (p <0.05). The foaming capacity, stability properties of the foam, and the emulsifying ability of the studied sample showed a trend of increasing the concentration coefficient of the sample (p <0.05), and the concentration of 10% used sulfated polysaccharide had the highest foaming percentage (72/22%) and foam stability (62.22%) (p <0.05). The emulsifying property of extracted sulfate polysaccharide against soybean oil was higher in all concentrations used than sunflower oil (p <0.05), and the highest value of that was related to the concentration of 10% with 86.57% and 92.59% against sunflower oil and soybean oil (p <0.05). The obtained results demonstrated that the fish skin extracted polysaccharide can serve as a natural antioxidant and functional agent in the food industry.
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| 7. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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Extraction of sulfated polysaccharide from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera using alcalase enzyme and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) visceral semi-purified alkaline proteases
- 2023
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In: Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-5541. ; 32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fisheries produce a considerable amount of by-products per ton of processed fish, which ranges from 350 to 600 kg. Currently, most of these by-products are used as fish and shrimp meal or as fertilizer, even though they contain significant amounts of quality proteins (enzymes), polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fats. The present study deals with the extraction of crude alkaline proteases (AP) from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) viscera. The enzyme precipitated at 30–60% saturation displayed the highest yield, purity, and activity compared to other saturation ranges. The maximum activity of AP was obtained at 60 °C and pH 7. AP, ultrasound-AP, Alcalase, and ultrasound-Alcalase were used to isolate sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera. The extraction yields showed no significant difference between all extracted SPs (p > 0.05). APU-Viscera-SP, AlU-Viscera-SP, and Al-Viscera-SP contained the most sugar (62.22%), sulfate (15.93%), uronic acid (8.84%), and protein (12.69%), respectively. Also, all SPs showed a mixed composition of monosaccharides, including xylose, mannose, rhamnose, GalA (galacturonic acid) and glucuronic acid (GlcA). AP-Viscera-SP, AlU-Viscera-SP, and AlU-Viscera-SP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelating tests. The highest inhibitor zone against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, B. cereus, S. enterica, E. coli, and S. typhimurium were in APU-Viscera-SP, and AlU-Viscera-SP, respectively. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated that fish viscera could be a good source of alkaline protease. Besides, this obtained alkaline protease can also be used to extract sulfated polysaccharides with bioactive and functional properties from fish viscera byproducts.
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| 8. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Sulfated Polysaccharides Extraction Residue of Tuna Processing By-Products with Bioactive and Functional Properties
- 2023
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In: Global Challenges. - : Wiley. - 2056-6646. ; 7:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The ethanol-induced precipitation after enzymatic hydrolysis commonly used for sulfated polysaccharide extraction from marine resources wastes a large amount of proteins. Here, possible extraction of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) from the ethanol residue of sulfated polysaccharide precipitation from head, bone, and skin of skipjack tuna is investigated. Antioxidant, antibacterial, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and functional properties of the recovered FPHs are also evaluated. A degree of hydrolysis of 40.93, 38.13, and 37.23 is achieved for FPH from head, bone, and skin, respectively. FPH from the head presents the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity as well as foam/emulsion capacity among all the FPHs. The FPHs are all able to inhibit three Gram-positive bacteria and three Gram-negative bacteria to varying degrees and have a water solubility >65%. Altogether, the results demonstrate great potential for recovery of bioactive/functional peptides from the residue of sulfated polysaccharide extraction process enabling efficient biorefining of aquatic resources.
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| 9. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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Parallel Extraction of Sulfated polysaccharides and Protein Hydrolysate from Skipjack Tuna Head and Their Bioactive and Functional Properties
- 2023
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In: Food and Bioprocess Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1935-5130 .- 1935-5149. ; 16:6, s. 1258-1279
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new process for parallel extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) and fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) from tuna head was developed. The effect of type of enzymes (Alcalase, Protamex, and Pancreatin) on the structural, functional, and bioactivity of both SPs and FPHs was also investigated. Initially, SPs were extracted, then the remaining ethanol from polysaccharide precipitation was used to obtain hydrolyzed proteins. Protamex produced SPs with the highest carbohydrate content (50.17%) while Alcalase prompted the highest content of uronic acid/sulfate. The degree of hydrolysis of the FPHs varied by the used enzyme but their amino acid composition fulfilled human requirements. Both SPs and FPHs had antioxidant activity but their efficiency was governed by the type of enzyme and oxidation mechanism. SPs had good metal chelation while FPHs showed good radical scavenging. Recovered FPHs had substantially higher antibacterial activity than the SPs and showed the highest inhibition against E. coli in concentration of 1 mg/mL. Altogether, parallel extraction of SPs and FPHs could be a promising biorefinery approach for more efficient utilization of tuna head.
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| 10. |
- Naghdi, Shahab, et al.
(author)
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Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of sulfated polysaccharide from Skipjack tuna by-products
- 2023
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In: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2828 .- 1350-4177. ; 95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on extraction efficiency of sulfate polysaccharides (SPs) using alcalase from different by-products of Skipjack tuna including head, bone and skin was evaluated. Structural, functional, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the recovered SPs using the ultrasound-enzyme and enzymatic method were also investigated. Ultrasound pretreatment significantly increased the extraction yield of SPs from all the three by-products compared with the conventional enzymatic method. All extracted SPs showed high antioxidant potential in terms of ABTS, DPPH and ferrous chelating activities where the ultrasound treatment enhanced antioxidant activities of the SPs. The SPs exerted strong inhibiting activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ultrasound treatment remarkably increased antibacterial activity of the SPs against L. monocytogenes but its effect on other bacteria was dependent on the source of the SPs. Altogether, the results suggest that ultrasound pretreatment during enzymatic extraction of SPs from tuna by-products can be a promising approach to improve extraction yield but also bioactivity of the extracted polysaccharides.
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